Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.396
E. Honarvar, A. Bolhasani, S. Karamian, S. Hosseini, R. Rashedi
In this research the electrocoagulation method was implemented in order to study the treatment of the spent caustic effluent from an olefin plant. To optimize the process parameters, Taguchi method was used, and the optimal conditions were found for pH of 6, current density of 35 mA/cm2, and treatment time at 40 minutes. The experimental results show that the final efficiency in case of reducing the amount of COD is around 89% under optimum operating conditions and pH has the most significant impact on the process with contribution factor of 79.10%. According to results of XRD and XRF analysis, the sludge behavior is very similar to that of sodium sulfate that is important for its value chain. The study results showed that the electrocoagulation method could be used a complimentary facility to reduce the amount of COD of Spent Caustic from an Olefin Plant.
{"title":"Application of Electrocoagulation in Treatment of Spent Caustic from Olefin Plants","authors":"E. Honarvar, A. Bolhasani, S. Karamian, S. Hosseini, R. Rashedi","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.396","url":null,"abstract":"In this research the electrocoagulation method was implemented in order to study the treatment of the spent caustic effluent from an olefin plant. To optimize the process parameters, Taguchi method was used, and the optimal conditions were found for pH of 6, current density of 35 mA/cm2, and treatment time at 40 minutes. The experimental results show that the final efficiency in case of reducing the amount of COD is around 89% under optimum operating conditions and pH has the most significant impact on the process with contribution factor of 79.10%. According to results of XRD and XRF analysis, the sludge behavior is very similar to that of sodium sulfate that is important for its value chain. The study results showed that the electrocoagulation method could be used a complimentary facility to reduce the amount of COD of Spent Caustic from an Olefin Plant.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88320849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.417
Stacey M. Louie
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the establishment of computerized change in the design, designing and development (AEC) industry. As the innovator in BIM, Autodesk is the business' accomplice to acknowledge better methods of working and better results for business and the assembled world. BIM is the all-encompassing course of making and overseeing data for a constructed resource. In view of an insightful model and empowered by a cloud stage, BIM incorporates organized, multi-disciplinary information to create an advanced portrayal of a resource across its lifecycle, from arranging and plan to development and tasks.
{"title":"Editorial on Building Information Modelling (BIM)","authors":"Stacey M. Louie","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.417","url":null,"abstract":"Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the establishment of computerized change in the design, designing and development (AEC) industry. As the innovator in BIM, Autodesk is the business' accomplice to acknowledge better methods of working and better results for business and the assembled world. BIM is the all-encompassing course of making and overseeing data for a constructed resource. In view of an insightful model and empowered by a cloud stage, BIM incorporates organized, multi-disciplinary information to create an advanced portrayal of a resource across its lifecycle, from arranging and plan to development and tasks.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74016804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.416
Jiaxin Dang
Cement Based MaterialsNanotechnology in ConstructionNanomaterials-Based CoatingsStructure and Performance of Cements, Second EditionProgress in NanotechnologyAdvanced Research on Nanotechnology for Civil Engineering ApplicationsDurability and Life Prediction in Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid CompositesNanotechnology in Eco-efficient ConstructionNano-Engineered Cementitious CompositesNanomaterials for BiocatalysisHandbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and EngineeringNanotechnology for Smart ConcreteNew Materials in Civil EngineeringCement IndustryAdvances in NanofibersNanotechnology in ConstructionConstruction BiotechnologyNanotechnology in Cement and ConcreteNanotechnology in Cement-Based ConstructionUltra-High Performance Concrete and Nanotechnology in Construction. Proceedings of Hipermat 2012. 3rd International Symposium on UHPC and Nanotechnology for High Performance Construction MaterialsCement-Based CompositesAdvances in Cement-Based MaterialsHigh-Performance Construction MaterialsMagnetic Nanoparticle-Based Hybrid MaterialsCarbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibers in Concrete—Advantages and Potential RisksNanotechnology of ConcreteNanomaterials in ConcreteNanotechnology in Concrete MaterialsBiodegradation and Biodeterioration at the NanoscaleBiopolymeric NanomaterialsNanotechnology in Cement-Based ConstructionNano MaterialsSmart Nanoconcretes and Cement-Based MaterialsMultifunctional Cement-Based MaterialsCement ChemistrySustainability of Construction MaterialsNanotechnology in ConstructionNanotechnology in Civil InfrastructureNew Uses of Micro and NanomaterialsNanotechnology for Hematology, Blood Transfusion, and Artificial Blood
{"title":"Nanotechnology in Concrete Materials","authors":"Jiaxin Dang","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.416","url":null,"abstract":"Cement Based MaterialsNanotechnology in ConstructionNanomaterials-Based CoatingsStructure and Performance of Cements, Second EditionProgress in NanotechnologyAdvanced Research on Nanotechnology for Civil Engineering ApplicationsDurability and Life Prediction in Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid CompositesNanotechnology in Eco-efficient ConstructionNano-Engineered Cementitious CompositesNanomaterials for BiocatalysisHandbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and EngineeringNanotechnology for Smart ConcreteNew Materials in Civil EngineeringCement IndustryAdvances in NanofibersNanotechnology in ConstructionConstruction BiotechnologyNanotechnology in Cement and ConcreteNanotechnology in Cement-Based ConstructionUltra-High Performance Concrete and Nanotechnology in Construction. Proceedings of Hipermat 2012. 3rd International Symposium on UHPC and Nanotechnology for High Performance Construction MaterialsCement-Based CompositesAdvances in Cement-Based MaterialsHigh-Performance Construction MaterialsMagnetic Nanoparticle-Based Hybrid MaterialsCarbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibers in Concrete—Advantages and Potential RisksNanotechnology of ConcreteNanomaterials in ConcreteNanotechnology in Concrete MaterialsBiodegradation and Biodeterioration at the NanoscaleBiopolymeric NanomaterialsNanotechnology in Cement-Based ConstructionNano MaterialsSmart Nanoconcretes and Cement-Based MaterialsMultifunctional Cement-Based MaterialsCement ChemistrySustainability of Construction MaterialsNanotechnology in ConstructionNanotechnology in Civil InfrastructureNew Uses of Micro and NanomaterialsNanotechnology for Hematology, Blood Transfusion, and Artificial Blood","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73035481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.372
R. Charan, Shrimali Mk, Bhart Sd
The optimal placement of the actuator for obtaining the best possible reduction in responses was a topic of interest for researchers. Many optimization techniques were used for obtaining the optimal reduction in responses. Placement of more than three actuators in building frame in practice is difficult and cumbersome. As a result, number of actuators to be placed in the frame is generally restricted as three. For optimization problem, involving three actuators, many computational problems are involved, namely, numerical stability, convergence of the solution, possibility of dynamic instability and in some cases, amplification of some response quantities. The above problems are generally encountered in many standard optimization techniques which are used for optimization. Further, some constraints may have to be imposed in the algorithm for floors where actuators cannot be placed for practical reasons. Under such circumstances, optimal placement of actuator is best achieved using the trial or iterative method.
{"title":"Optimal Placement of Multi Actuators in Active Control of Building Frames","authors":"R. Charan, Shrimali Mk, Bhart Sd","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.372","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal placement of the actuator for obtaining the best possible reduction in responses was a topic of interest for researchers. Many optimization techniques were used for obtaining the optimal reduction in responses. Placement of more than three actuators in building frame in practice is difficult and cumbersome. As a result, number of actuators to be placed in the frame is generally restricted as three. For optimization problem, involving three actuators, many computational problems are involved, namely, numerical stability, convergence of the solution, possibility of dynamic instability and in some cases, amplification of some response quantities. The above problems are generally encountered in many standard optimization techniques which are used for optimization. Further, some constraints may have to be imposed in the algorithm for floors where actuators cannot be placed for practical reasons. Under such circumstances, optimal placement of actuator is best achieved using the trial or iterative method.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73462290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.374
Tesfay Bahre, Sisay Demeku
Intermittent water distribution is the key problem of many water authorities in developing countries including Ethiopia. Hence, this research was conducted to carry out the hydraulic modeling of the Aksum town water distribution system which is located in the Central Tigray region of Ethiopia. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the water supply distribution system by assessing the situation of the existing water supply distribution system. Water GEMS V8i software was used as a tool to model the water distribution system. The model can be used to identify the high pressure and low pressure in the junctions and the magnitude of velocity through pipes was used as a base to evaluate the hydraulic performance. Modeling results showed a violation of maximum and minimum pressure and low-velocity requirements. High pressures in the system occurred both during low demand and peak demand have to be identified. The simulation result of the existing system about 38.6% of the junctions was failed to satisfy the allowable pressure and the velocity of about 34.9% was failed out of range during the peak consumption hour. The model performance measures were checked based on the coefficient of determination. In general, it was concluded that the existing water distribution network systems of Aksum town categorized under satisfactory hydraulic performance situation and were not supply adequate water to various demand categories of the town. In the modified system, the network runs hydraulic parameters are radically improved using the Pressure Reducer Valve added in the system to reduce high-pressure impacts on water distribution system. The results of the simulation show that the hydraulic simulation about 43.4% of pipes of diameter from the total water distribution system pipe diameters needed to be upgraded.
{"title":"Hydraulic Modelling of Water Distribution System of Aksum Town, Ethiopia","authors":"Tesfay Bahre, Sisay Demeku","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.374","url":null,"abstract":"Intermittent water distribution is the key problem of many water authorities in developing countries including Ethiopia. Hence, this research was conducted to carry out the hydraulic modeling of the Aksum town water distribution system which is located in the Central Tigray region of Ethiopia. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the water supply distribution system by assessing the situation of the existing water supply distribution system. Water GEMS V8i software was used as a tool to model the water distribution system. The model can be used to identify the high pressure and low pressure in the junctions and the magnitude of velocity through pipes was used as a base to evaluate the hydraulic performance. Modeling results showed a violation of maximum and minimum pressure and low-velocity requirements. High pressures in the system occurred both during low demand and peak demand have to be identified. The simulation result of the existing system about 38.6% of the junctions was failed to satisfy the allowable pressure and the velocity of about 34.9% was failed out of range during the peak consumption hour. The model performance measures were checked based on the coefficient of determination. In general, it was concluded that the existing water distribution network systems of Aksum town categorized under satisfactory hydraulic performance situation and were not supply adequate water to various demand categories of the town. In the modified system, the network runs hydraulic parameters are radically improved using the Pressure Reducer Valve added in the system to reduce high-pressure impacts on water distribution system. The results of the simulation show that the hydraulic simulation about 43.4% of pipes of diameter from the total water distribution system pipe diameters needed to be upgraded.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73821172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.406
R. Velavan, G. Balakrishnan, Khalid Mujasam Batoo, E. Raslan
In this work, pure and manganese (Mn) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystallites are synthesized using a sol-gel technique. 0.25 M solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is prepared in 50 ml of DI water with stirring condition. An equimolar citric acid (0.25 M) solution is added slowly into the above solution and stirred for 2 hrs. at 70oC. The obtained gel is dried for 3 hrs in hot air oven at 120°C. Further, the nanoparticles are annealed at 400°C and the samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and photo catalytic studies. XRD analysis deciphered the polycrystalline hexagonal of the samples and the crystallites sizes are observed to be 18 nm and 42 nm for the pure and Mn doped ZnO particles, respectively. FE-SEM studies demonstrate that the crystallites are spherical in shape with agglomeration. PL studies reveal the emission bands at 490 nm for pure ZnO and 530 nm for Mn doped ZnO. The photocatalytic studies determine the photocatalytic performance of pure ZnO NPs and Mn doped ZnO NPs under the UV light irradiation (365 nm and 125 W) in which, the pure ZnO degrades MB dye more efficiently than Mn doped ZnO.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Pure and Manganese (Mn) Doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanocrystallites for Photocatalytic Applications","authors":"R. Velavan, G. Balakrishnan, Khalid Mujasam Batoo, E. Raslan","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.406","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, pure and manganese (Mn) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystallites are synthesized using a sol-gel technique. 0.25 M solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is prepared in 50 ml of DI water with stirring condition. An equimolar citric acid (0.25 M) solution is added slowly into the above solution and stirred for 2 hrs. at 70oC. The obtained gel is dried for 3 hrs in hot air oven at 120°C. Further, the nanoparticles are annealed at 400°C and the samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and photo catalytic studies. XRD analysis deciphered the polycrystalline hexagonal of the samples and the crystallites sizes are observed to be 18 nm and 42 nm for the pure and Mn doped ZnO particles, respectively. FE-SEM studies demonstrate that the crystallites are spherical in shape with agglomeration. PL studies reveal the emission bands at 490 nm for pure ZnO and 530 nm for Mn doped ZnO. The photocatalytic studies determine the photocatalytic performance of pure ZnO NPs and Mn doped ZnO NPs under the UV light irradiation (365 nm and 125 W) in which, the pure ZnO degrades MB dye more efficiently than Mn doped ZnO.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82129598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.405
T. Qasim, Aqil M. Almusaw
Light-weight beam has received considerable critical attention to decrease the stresses or to increase spans. This study was undertaken using double spherical plastic bubbles in a specific zone (shear zone) to evaluate the flexural behavior of the stirrup less beam. Two types of concrete (conventional concrete of ordinary Portland cement and high strength concrete of reactive powder (RPC) reinforced by steel fiber) were used to obtain four beam specimens' of 1300 mm in length, two beams have double spherical plastic bubbles and two beams in solid form as a reference. These beams were prepared to investigate the effect of plastic bubbles, concrete strength, and steel fiber on the shear behavior under a flexural moment. Results indicated that the flexural strength of bubbled beams was decreased for the two types of concrete. In contrast, the specific flexural strength was much closed due to the concrete density reduction by (6.22 and 6.24)% for conventional and high strength concrete respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Stirrup less Voided Beam of Conventional or Reactive Powder Concrete","authors":"T. Qasim, Aqil M. Almusaw","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.405","url":null,"abstract":"Light-weight beam has received considerable critical attention to decrease the stresses or to increase spans. This study was undertaken using double spherical plastic bubbles in a specific zone (shear zone) to evaluate the flexural behavior of the stirrup less beam. Two types of concrete (conventional concrete of ordinary Portland cement and high strength concrete of reactive powder (RPC) reinforced by steel fiber) were used to obtain four beam specimens' of 1300 mm in length, two beams have double spherical plastic bubbles and two beams in solid form as a reference. These beams were prepared to investigate the effect of plastic bubbles, concrete strength, and steel fiber on the shear behavior under a flexural moment. Results indicated that the flexural strength of bubbled beams was decreased for the two types of concrete. In contrast, the specific flexural strength was much closed due to the concrete density reduction by (6.22 and 6.24)% for conventional and high strength concrete respectively.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75663871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.409
Sathvik Raj
{"title":"Permeability of Granite Pores after Cyclic Thermal Shock","authors":"Sathvik Raj","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76301181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pond ash is squanders and waste product of Thermal force plant, have been acquainted into Indian solid industry with save common assets of elements of cement. In India, a large portion of the Thermal force plants embrace wet technique for debris removal. Lake debris is gathered from Thermal force plant at the base, in that it contains critical measure of generally coarser particles (crossing from 150 microns to 2.36 mm). Lake debris usage assists with diminishing the utilization of normal assets. Additionally it is help to take care of the issue of removal of Pond debris since it contains enormous measure of substance mixes, for example, SiO2, Al2O3 and so on. These synthetic mixes (SiO2, Al2O3) are assumes a significant job in hydration response and assists with delivering bond between two nearby particles. Utilization of Pond Ash in concrete is a significant eco productivity drive. It is important to locate the specific appropriate rates of lake debris so it is chosen to use in differing rate as 0%, 5% 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. Also, to check the properties of new concrete and solidified cement, for example, droop and compressive quality, rigidity, flexural quality individually. Likewise solid assumes a significant job in long life time of structure so it is additionally critical to check impact on strength by utilizing sulfate assault, chloride particle entrance, drying shrinkage. Study shows the essential properties of Pond ash. It likewise contrasts these properties and characteristic sand. Fractional substitution doesn't bring on any unfavorable impact on properties of new concrete. The outcome shows that solid invigorating great with fractional substitution of fine total. Just as Pond debris is the acceptable whenever utilized as filler material in concrete. Subsequently, it is appropriate to utilize lake debris as fine total or halfway supplanting with normal sand.
{"title":"Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates in Cement Mortar by using Pond Ash and Development of Low Cost Tiles","authors":"Truptimayee Pattnaik, Rimi Samanta, Snehalata Padhy","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.21.11.407","url":null,"abstract":"Pond ash is squanders and waste product of Thermal force plant, have been acquainted into Indian solid industry with save common assets of elements of cement. In India, a large portion of the Thermal force plants embrace wet technique for debris removal. Lake debris is gathered from Thermal force plant at the base, in that it contains critical measure of generally coarser particles (crossing from 150 microns to 2.36 mm). Lake debris usage assists with diminishing the utilization of normal assets. Additionally it is help to take care of the issue of removal of Pond debris since it contains enormous measure of substance mixes, for example, SiO2, Al2O3 and so on. These synthetic mixes (SiO2, Al2O3) are assumes a significant job in hydration response and assists with delivering bond between two nearby particles. Utilization of Pond Ash in concrete is a significant eco productivity drive. It is important to locate the specific appropriate rates of lake debris so it is chosen to use in differing rate as 0%, 5% 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. Also, to check the properties of new concrete and solidified cement, for example, droop and compressive quality, rigidity, flexural quality individually. Likewise solid assumes a significant job in long life time of structure so it is additionally critical to check impact on strength by utilizing sulfate assault, chloride particle entrance, drying shrinkage. Study shows the essential properties of Pond ash. It likewise contrasts these properties and characteristic sand. Fractional substitution doesn't bring on any unfavorable impact on properties of new concrete. The outcome shows that solid invigorating great with fractional substitution of fine total. Just as Pond debris is the acceptable whenever utilized as filler material in concrete. Subsequently, it is appropriate to utilize lake debris as fine total or halfway supplanting with normal sand.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90086945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.402
Patrick Emanuel Urassa
The purpose of this review is to explore on Hyperloop technology as is used in railway transportation. For the many years’ railways have been playing a significant role in mass passenger and freight transport. In the modern daily travel environment (commuter), railways face new challenges from different perspectives. For example, urban railways always focus on how to minimize the vibration and noise from trams, subways and light rail vehicles on the environment. Intercity transport must focus on how to achieve higher speeds as well as eliminating noise and vibration so as to minimize travel time and even achieve the potential of diverting passengers from air traffic and decreasing exhaust pollution in the atmosphere. Lastly, urban transport and intercity transport must all develop strategies to achieve better economic values regardless of what type of transport is used. Facing future demands and challenges, hyper loop trains provide a new option. It provides contactless operation on wheel/rail systems.
{"title":"A Review on Hyper loop Transport Technology","authors":"Patrick Emanuel Urassa","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.402","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to explore on Hyperloop technology as is used in railway transportation. For the many years’ railways have been playing a significant role in mass passenger and freight transport. In the modern daily travel environment (commuter), railways face new challenges from different perspectives. For example, urban railways always focus on how to minimize the vibration and noise from trams, subways and light rail vehicles on the environment. Intercity transport must focus on how to achieve higher speeds as well as eliminating noise and vibration so as to minimize travel time and even achieve the potential of diverting passengers from air traffic and decreasing exhaust pollution in the atmosphere. Lastly, urban transport and intercity transport must all develop strategies to achieve better economic values regardless of what type of transport is used. Facing future demands and challenges, hyper loop trains provide a new option. It provides contactless operation on wheel/rail systems.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89941766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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