Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.399
S. Guha
Loads and working conditions of the cross-section of 36 m span crane beam can be analyzed by finite element method. Firstly, analysis of the stress and deformation is completed under the dangerous condition of crane beam based on the ANSYS software; secondly, found out the stress concentration and fatigue crack sensitive area of the bearing; finally, captured the position of fatigue crack. All these methods can provide strong basis for implementing effective monitoring to the state of the crane beam stress. Thus, ensure safe operation of equipment and improve equipment utilization rate in work
{"title":"Residual Life Assessment of EOT Crane","authors":"S. Guha","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.399","url":null,"abstract":"Loads and working conditions of the cross-section of 36 m span crane beam can be analyzed by finite element method. Firstly, analysis of the stress and deformation is completed under the dangerous condition of crane beam based on the ANSYS software; secondly, found out the stress concentration and fatigue crack sensitive area of the bearing; finally, captured the position of fatigue crack. All these methods can provide strong basis for implementing effective monitoring to the state of the crane beam stress. Thus, ensure safe operation of equipment and improve equipment utilization rate in work","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"76 2 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85950343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.394
S. Guha
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have been commercially available in civil engineering in the last twenty years. Due to their mechanical and physical properties, the behavior of FRP reinforced concrete (RC) members is significantly different to that of traditional steel RC. This paper presents the results and discussion of a numerical study of the flexural behavior of simply supported glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) RC beams under short-term static loads. The numerical analysis was performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). All calculations were carried out in the environment of the Abaqus. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the flexural behavior of GFRP RC members depending on the reinforcement ratio. The results of the numerical analysis were examined and compared with code formulations and with the results of experiments.
{"title":"Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Behavioral Studies in Flexure","authors":"S. Guha","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.394","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have been commercially available in civil engineering in the last twenty years. Due to their mechanical and physical properties, the behavior of FRP reinforced concrete (RC) members is significantly different to that of traditional steel RC. This paper presents the results and discussion of a numerical study of the flexural behavior of simply supported glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) RC beams under short-term static loads. The numerical analysis was performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). All calculations were carried out in the environment of the Abaqus. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the flexural behavior of GFRP RC members depending on the reinforcement ratio. The results of the numerical analysis were examined and compared with code formulations and with the results of experiments.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89422075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.404
O. OmosebiTaiwo, N. Abas, Fashubaa Taiwo Oladipupo
The cost of construction materials, as well as the natural resources needed to manufacture the materials in an enabling climate, is affecting the world's construction industry, which is expanding at an unprecedented pace. Plastic wastes are a significant environmental concern due to their widespread use, non-biodegradability, and contamination from incineration and landfill, recycling these wastes into tiles would be a significant benefit. This investigation's goal is to study the mechanical qualities of tiles made from PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) wastes, fly ash, and river sand aggregates. PET wastes were added to other aggregates in various percentages of 100 percent, 90 percent, 70 percent, 50 percent, and 30 percent by weight. The assessment of physical and mechanical properties reveals that, in terms of material density, weight, and flammability resistance, the tiles containing 30% plastic waste outperforms the other proportion of waste. According to the results, this composite tile has a very low percent porosity value (2.9 - 0.11 percent) as compared to cement or ceramic tiles. In addition, the composite tile (PT1) with 30% PET and 35% fly ash and sand demonstrated decreased flammability with a linear burning rate of 7.68 mm/min and enhanced compressive strength of 11.07 N/ mm2. There was no significant difference in weight after soaked in different acid and base solutions for seven days. Finally, as tile products, PET plastic tiles have good strength, chemical tolerance, low flammability, low water absorption, and are environmentally friendly. This possibility would not only reduce the cost of construction materials, but it would also serve as a waste diversion, reducing the environmental impact of plastic waste disposal.
{"title":"Strength Properties and Sustainability of Recycled Plastic Tiles: Flammability, Water Absorption, and Chemical Tolerance","authors":"O. OmosebiTaiwo, N. Abas, Fashubaa Taiwo Oladipupo","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.404","url":null,"abstract":"The cost of construction materials, as well as the natural resources needed to manufacture the materials in an enabling climate, is affecting the world's construction industry, which is expanding at an unprecedented pace. Plastic wastes are a significant environmental concern due to their widespread use, non-biodegradability, and contamination from incineration and landfill, recycling these wastes into tiles would be a significant benefit. This investigation's goal is to study the mechanical qualities of tiles made from PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) wastes, fly ash, and river sand aggregates. PET wastes were added to other aggregates in various percentages of 100 percent, 90 percent, 70 percent, 50 percent, and 30 percent by weight. The assessment of physical and mechanical properties reveals that, in terms of material density, weight, and flammability resistance, the tiles containing 30% plastic waste outperforms the other proportion of waste. According to the results, this composite tile has a very low percent porosity value (2.9 - 0.11 percent) as compared to cement or ceramic tiles. In addition, the composite tile (PT1) with 30% PET and 35% fly ash and sand demonstrated decreased flammability with a linear burning rate of 7.68 mm/min and enhanced compressive strength of 11.07 N/ mm2. There was no significant difference in weight after soaked in different acid and base solutions for seven days. Finally, as tile products, PET plastic tiles have good strength, chemical tolerance, low flammability, low water absorption, and are environmentally friendly. This possibility would not only reduce the cost of construction materials, but it would also serve as a waste diversion, reducing the environmental impact of plastic waste disposal.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88334156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.371
J. B. Godana, S. D. Derib
Water is the most domineering diet for living things/Bisaan sagalee mootuu/ means of a vital to alive next to air. Then, the management of this most essential resource for living things is very important. Different traditional water technologies and management practices have used in various parts of the world since time immemorial. The practices are actually dependent on the local situations. Some linked with surface water and others with groundwater extraction and management. A typical example, which has used for long and widely known, called Qanat. Qanat is a traditional water extracting and transporting technique that commonly used in Middle East. However, in Borana community this term knows by the expression called “Finna Marraa Bisaanii ‘the rule of water and grass’. The Indigenous water resources management system of the Borana Community based on Gada system indigenous law of sources of water particularly for Tula-wells and ponds. Tula-Sallan is the permanent source of water in Borana. In Borana, Tula-wells owned by a distinct clan (tribe) and managed by the daily operation of the Tula-wells ‘Abba Herrega’. The Borana indigenous water management systems vary based on categorizations of water sources and Borana traditional livestock watering calendar. In Borana community except river and surface water sources, the remaining water sources have some sort of indigenous rules and regulations followed for anyone to get access to them.
{"title":"Assessment of Indigenous Water Management System: A Case Study of Borana Community, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"J. B. Godana, S. D. Derib","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.371","url":null,"abstract":"Water is the most domineering diet for living things/Bisaan sagalee mootuu/ means of a vital to alive next to air. Then, the management of this most essential resource for living things is very important. Different traditional water technologies and management practices have used in various parts of the world since time immemorial. The practices are actually dependent on the local situations. Some linked with surface water and others with groundwater extraction and management. A typical example, which has used for long and widely known, called Qanat. Qanat is a traditional water extracting and transporting technique that commonly used in Middle East. However, in Borana community this term knows by the expression called “Finna Marraa Bisaanii ‘the rule of water and grass’. The Indigenous water resources management system of the Borana Community based on Gada system indigenous law of sources of water particularly for Tula-wells and ponds. Tula-Sallan is the permanent source of water in Borana. In Borana, Tula-wells owned by a distinct clan (tribe) and managed by the daily operation of the Tula-wells ‘Abba Herrega’. The Borana indigenous water management systems vary based on categorizations of water sources and Borana traditional livestock watering calendar. In Borana community except river and surface water sources, the remaining water sources have some sort of indigenous rules and regulations followed for anyone to get access to them.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80706023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.395
S. Guha, S. Mukherjee
The problem identified by research is the effects of blast loading on RCC structures. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted on RCC structure using the 3-D element model. In the analysis and design methodologies structures are subjected to blast loads with the understanding of blast phenomena and the dynamic response of various structural elements. This gives an parametric overview of the effects of blast effects on structures. Here in this paper, we are dealing with the blast force and its impact on the RCC structures. The blast pressures i.e. reflected blast pressure and overpressure have been evaluated. From this values blast forces have been evaluated. The values coming after displacement shows that as the floor height increases, deflection caused due to blast effect decreases. The result also shows relevant bending moment, shear force, axial forces. Deflection, axial force values of blast forces for charge 1500 kg at standoff distance 30 m is greater. Hence it has been concluded.
{"title":"Behaviour of RCC Structure Subjected to Blast Loading","authors":"S. Guha, S. Mukherjee","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.395","url":null,"abstract":"The problem identified by research is the effects of blast loading on RCC structures. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted on RCC structure using the 3-D element model. In the analysis and design methodologies structures are subjected to blast loads with the understanding of blast phenomena and the dynamic response of various structural elements. This gives an parametric overview of the effects of blast effects on structures. Here in this paper, we are dealing with the blast force and its impact on the RCC structures. The blast pressures i.e. reflected blast pressure and overpressure have been evaluated. From this values blast forces have been evaluated. The values coming after displacement shows that as the floor height increases, deflection caused due to blast effect decreases. The result also shows relevant bending moment, shear force, axial forces. Deflection, axial force values of blast forces for charge 1500 kg at standoff distance 30 m is greater. Hence it has been concluded.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73769252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.383
Dawit Girma, Belete Berhanu
Precipitation data is an intrinsic parameter of rainfall-runoff simulation, since it is strongly hooked into the accuracy of the spatial and temporal representation of the precipitation. In areas where rainfall gauging stations are scarce, additional data sources could also be needed. Satellite platforms have provided as a satisfactory alternative because of their global coverage. Although a good range of satellite-based estimations of precipitation is out there, not all the satellite products are suitable for all regions. In addition, in data-scarce areas where interpolation schemes are applied, it becomes difficult to get an accurate performance assessment; another comparison method is required as rainfall-runoff models. Remotely-sensed estimates are to get realistic and reliable data to be accessed in water resource assessments. Therefore, there is a requirement to evaluate the accuracy of remote sensing techniques. Inter comparison between Satellite rainfall product and observed data were done using point to grid method selecting representative metrological stations. Inter comparison between Satellite rainfall product and observed data were done using point to grid method selecting representative metrological stations. TAMSAT shows the average value of R=0.87 and NS =0.764. Considering four categorical index POD, FAR, FB and HSS, the average value 0.71, 0.22, 0.92, and 0.66 respectively. For CHRIPS average R and NS are 0.88 and 0.755 respectively and categorical index POD, FAR, FB and HSS were 0.8,0.05, 0.85 and 0.81) respectively. The study model stream flow using both CHRIPS and TAMSAT rainfall products by using the SWAT model from 1983 to 2017. The model was calibrated from 1998 to 2003 and validated from 2004 to 2007 using SUFI-2 algorithm embodied in the SWAT-CUP. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), linear correlation coefficient (R) and BIAS indices were used to benchmark the model performance and shows very good result (having R2 and NS=0.71- 0.95 during calibration and 0.72-0.97 during validation.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Performance of High-Resolution Satellite Based Rainfall Products for Stream Flow Simulation","authors":"Dawit Girma, Belete Berhanu","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.383","url":null,"abstract":"Precipitation data is an intrinsic parameter of rainfall-runoff simulation, since it is strongly hooked into the accuracy of the spatial and temporal representation of the precipitation. In areas where rainfall gauging stations are scarce, additional data sources could also be needed. Satellite platforms have provided as a satisfactory alternative because of their global coverage. Although a good range of satellite-based estimations of precipitation is out there, not all the satellite products are suitable for all regions. In addition, in data-scarce areas where interpolation schemes are applied, it becomes difficult to get an accurate performance assessment; another comparison method is required as rainfall-runoff models. Remotely-sensed estimates are to get realistic and reliable data to be accessed in water resource assessments. Therefore, there is a requirement to evaluate the accuracy of remote sensing techniques. Inter comparison between Satellite rainfall product and observed data were done using point to grid method selecting representative metrological stations. Inter comparison between Satellite rainfall product and observed data were done using point to grid method selecting representative metrological stations. TAMSAT shows the average value of R=0.87 and NS =0.764. Considering four categorical index POD, FAR, FB and HSS, the average value 0.71, 0.22, 0.92, and 0.66 respectively. For CHRIPS average R and NS are 0.88 and 0.755 respectively and categorical index POD, FAR, FB and HSS were 0.8,0.05, 0.85 and 0.81) respectively. The study model stream flow using both CHRIPS and TAMSAT rainfall products by using the SWAT model from 1983 to 2017. The model was calibrated from 1998 to 2003 and validated from 2004 to 2007 using SUFI-2 algorithm embodied in the SWAT-CUP. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), linear correlation coefficient (R) and BIAS indices were used to benchmark the model performance and shows very good result (having R2 and NS=0.71- 0.95 during calibration and 0.72-0.97 during validation.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83639203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.415
Sushma Pullela
{"title":"Construction of Monolithic Buildings and Structures","authors":"Sushma Pullela","doi":"10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2165-784X.2021.11.415","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83503365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JCDE.2020.10.340
Giovanna D'Alonzo
In the vacuum, some solids could be used as gas filters not only through the empty spaces of the crystal lattice but also through the electronic clouds of the atoms that make up the solid. With the use of particular equipment in the vacuum we could obtain a new energy, look for the energy sufficient for the adaptability of the electronic cloud and obtain a suitable temperature for the adaptability of the electronic cloud. In the case suppose that the electronic clouds of the atoms constituting the solid are valued by the ions, this energy is subtracted from ion ionization energy in the total energy of the molecules distribution and, through some mathematical passages, we deduce a temperature sufficient for the passageway of the electronic cloud suitable for some solids. An ion and/or an atom to be filtered should have a smaller diameter than the atomic radius of the atom that constitutes the filter, for the transition through the electronic clouds. The gases could cross the solid or in the empty spaces of the crystal lattice or in the electronic clouds of the atoms that make up the solid due to the difference between the force fields. In this way, during the passage the atoms and/or the ions composing the gas do not incorporate the nuclei of the atoms constituting the solid and avoid potential highs including the Yukawa potential. Possible future applications could improve the quality of life, in particular it would be possible to reduce atmospheric pollution by making molecular hydrogen.
{"title":"The Reticular Atomic Filter in the Vacuum: The Adaptability of the Electronic Cloud of Atoms that Make Up a Solid with Two Applications-Hydrogen and Pure Water","authors":"Giovanna D'Alonzo","doi":"10.37421/JCDE.2020.10.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JCDE.2020.10.340","url":null,"abstract":"In the vacuum, some solids could be used as gas filters not only through the empty spaces of the crystal lattice but also through the electronic clouds of the atoms that make up the solid. With the use of particular equipment in the vacuum we could obtain a new energy, look for the energy sufficient for the adaptability of the electronic cloud and obtain a suitable temperature for the adaptability of the electronic cloud. In the case suppose that the electronic clouds of the atoms constituting the solid are valued by the ions, this energy is subtracted from ion ionization energy in the total energy of the molecules distribution and, through some mathematical passages, we deduce a temperature sufficient for the passageway of the electronic cloud suitable for some solids. An ion and/or an atom to be filtered should have a smaller diameter than the atomic radius of the atom that constitutes the filter, for the transition through the electronic clouds. The gases could cross the solid or in the empty spaces of the crystal lattice or in the electronic clouds of the atoms that make up the solid due to the difference between the force fields. In this way, during the passage the atoms and/or the ions composing the gas do not incorporate the nuclei of the atoms constituting the solid and avoid potential highs including the Yukawa potential. Possible future applications could improve the quality of life, in particular it would be possible to reduce atmospheric pollution by making molecular hydrogen.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81605060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/jcde.2020.10.345
V. N. Ivanov, A. A. Shmeleva
The variation-difference method is a convenient numerical method for shells of complex forms. It is enough when only cinematic boundary conditions are satisfied because the method is based on the principle of Lagrange. Another advantage of the variation-difference method is the better opportunity to create computer programs based on it. For shell analysis in orthogonal coordinate system as well as for shell analysis in principal curvatures the system of equations describing stress-strain state can be simplified. In this paper the difference between analysis in orthogonal coordinate system and analysis in principal curvatures of the surface is considered. The main distinction of the analysis of shells in orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system is the necessity of determination of components which include curvature of torsion of coordinate lines. The addition of these components in the equations of the theory of shells for the coordinate system in principal curvatures gives possibility to analyze shells in common orthogonal coordinate system. In this article shell analysis in orthogonal coordinate system is applied to shells based on normal cyclic surfaces.
{"title":"The Examples of Design of Normal Cycle Shells and Analyses of Stress-Strain State by Variation-Difference Method","authors":"V. N. Ivanov, A. A. Shmeleva","doi":"10.37421/jcde.2020.10.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/jcde.2020.10.345","url":null,"abstract":"The variation-difference method is a convenient numerical method for shells of complex forms. It is enough when only cinematic boundary conditions are satisfied because the method is based on the principle of Lagrange. Another advantage of the variation-difference method is the better opportunity to create computer programs based on it. For shell analysis in orthogonal coordinate system as well as for shell analysis in principal curvatures the system of equations describing stress-strain state can be simplified. In this paper the difference between analysis in orthogonal coordinate system and analysis in principal curvatures of the surface is considered. The main distinction of the analysis of shells in orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system is the necessity of determination of components which include curvature of torsion of coordinate lines. The addition of these components in the equations of the theory of shells for the coordinate system in principal curvatures gives possibility to analyze shells in common orthogonal coordinate system. In this article shell analysis in orthogonal coordinate system is applied to shells based on normal cyclic surfaces.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"98 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77028447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JCDE.2020.10.339
Charles O.Maxwell, SimeonDulo, Daniel O.Olago, Patts M.A.Odira
Ensuring water security to urban population in fragile environments through interlinked systems of groundwater abstraction, storage and distribution of sufficient quantity is challenging especially to urban utilities situated in arid and semi arid regions. The purpose of this research was to evaluate water delivery challenges for water utilities in fragile environment in Kenya. A systematic analysis of availability from each supply sub-components from source to consumer was carried out through water audit and network analysis by employing water flow measurement equipments and through pump performance analysis and by employing continuity equation and Bernoulli’s principle to sections of the network. Results showed that water availability within a utility in such environments is contributed by seasonal variations between wet and dry affecting quantity at source, optimal design of supply infrastructure in this case better matching of solar power with the pump, using standard pipes and on optimal operational strategies employed to reduce losses within the network. Based on these findings, we conclude that with clear understanding of each subcomponent’s contributions to entire water supply system and optimizing their design and operations, more people will be made water secure in all seasons in the fragile environments.
{"title":"Water Availability Analysis of Multiple Source Groundwater Supply Systems in Water Stressed Urban Centers: Case of Lodwar municipality,Kenya","authors":"Charles O.Maxwell, SimeonDulo, Daniel O.Olago, Patts M.A.Odira","doi":"10.37421/JCDE.2020.10.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JCDE.2020.10.339","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring water security to urban population in fragile environments through interlinked systems of groundwater abstraction, storage and distribution of sufficient quantity is challenging especially to urban utilities situated in arid and semi arid regions. The purpose of this research was to evaluate water delivery challenges for water utilities in fragile environment in Kenya. A systematic analysis of availability from each supply sub-components from source to consumer was carried out through water audit and network analysis by employing water flow measurement equipments and through pump performance analysis and by employing continuity equation and Bernoulli’s principle to sections of the network. Results showed that water availability within a utility in such environments is contributed by seasonal variations between wet and dry affecting quantity at source, optimal design of supply infrastructure in this case better matching of solar power with the pump, using standard pipes and on optimal operational strategies employed to reduce losses within the network. Based on these findings, we conclude that with clear understanding of each subcomponent’s contributions to entire water supply system and optimizing their design and operations, more people will be made water secure in all seasons in the fragile environments.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75893838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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