Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/jcde.2020.10.352
Benibo Ag, Sha’ato R
The quality of surface water from rivers, streams and ponds around Ihetutu mining areas in Ishiagu, was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) model, to assess their suitability for drinking purposes at different seasons. Surface water samples were collected in rainy, late rainy, dry and late dry seasons, from 10 cm below water surface of the streams, ponds, and mine pits into 1.0 L polyethylene bottles, rinsed thoroughly with deionized water. The samples were preserved at 4°C in an ice box and then transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were digested and analyzed, using standard methods for nine physico-chemical parameters including pH, Cl-, SO42-, NO3 -, DO, BOD5, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+. NESREA regulatory values for surface water were used as standard values while mean values of the physico-chemical parameters were used as observed values to determine the WQI for each sampling station. Ranges of the physico-chemical parameters were: pH = 6.52–7.49; Cl- = 13.70–795.25 mg/L; SO42- = 19.28-229.25 mg/L; NO3 - = 0.33–3.72 mg/L; DO = 5.72–8.76 mg/L; BOD5 = 12.19–18.20 mg/L; Ca2+ = 6.56–130.44 mg/L; Mg2+ = 2.06–20.89 mg/L; and K+ = 4.51-32.93 mg/L. Average and seasonal WQI values were found to be >100 which indicated that the surface water resources in the area were unsuitable for drinking, though Iyiogwe stream had a WQI value of 98 in the late dry season, indicating rather a very poor quality of its surface water. The results revealed that untreated mine wastewater, dumps, and other contaminants discharged from point and non-point sources into the rivers, streams, and ponds/pits were responsible for the extremely poor quality of the surface water, and must therefore be treated properly before use to avoid water related ailments. The study created a database for current status of surface water on Ihetutu hills, which can be used for the management of ponds/pits, stream and river water in the area, and the study of the impact of mining activities on the surface water qualities.
{"title":"Assessment of Surface Water Qualities in Ihetutu Mining Areas of Ishiagu, Nigeria, using Water Quality Index Model","authors":"Benibo Ag, Sha’ato R","doi":"10.37421/jcde.2020.10.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/jcde.2020.10.352","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of surface water from rivers, streams and ponds around Ihetutu mining areas in Ishiagu, was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) model, to assess their suitability for drinking purposes at different seasons. Surface water samples were collected in rainy, late rainy, dry and late dry seasons, from 10 cm below water surface of the streams, ponds, and mine pits into 1.0 L polyethylene bottles, rinsed thoroughly with deionized water. The samples were preserved at 4°C in an ice box and then transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were digested and analyzed, using standard methods for nine physico-chemical parameters including pH, Cl-, SO42-, NO3 -, DO, BOD5, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+. NESREA regulatory values for surface water were used as standard values while mean values of the physico-chemical parameters were used as observed values to determine the WQI for each sampling station. Ranges of the physico-chemical parameters were: pH = 6.52–7.49; Cl- = 13.70–795.25 mg/L; SO42- = 19.28-229.25 mg/L; NO3 - = 0.33–3.72 mg/L; DO = 5.72–8.76 mg/L; BOD5 = 12.19–18.20 mg/L; Ca2+ = 6.56–130.44 mg/L; Mg2+ = 2.06–20.89 mg/L; and K+ = 4.51-32.93 mg/L. Average and seasonal WQI values were found to be >100 which indicated that the surface water resources in the area were unsuitable for drinking, though Iyiogwe stream had a WQI value of 98 in the late dry season, indicating rather a very poor quality of its surface water. The results revealed that untreated mine wastewater, dumps, and other contaminants discharged from point and non-point sources into the rivers, streams, and ponds/pits were responsible for the extremely poor quality of the surface water, and must therefore be treated properly before use to avoid water related ailments. The study created a database for current status of surface water on Ihetutu hills, which can be used for the management of ponds/pits, stream and river water in the area, and the study of the impact of mining activities on the surface water qualities.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74822771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JCDE.2020.10.363
Melese Tesfaye, S. Narain, Habtamu Kassa Muye
Water loss is a common phenomenon observed in all water distribution systems. The process of water loss reduction is a basic part to increase the performance of a water supply system. The means presented in this study is aimed at evaluating water distribution pressure for the minimizing leakages in Dilla town water supply system network. Water CAD software was used to evaluate water distribution system, fixed pressure reducing valves (PRV) were installed at the most effective set of water distribution systems to reduced pressure as well as leakage quantities of water. An average water distribution pressure in the existing water distribution system was 58 m. Then, after the pressure reduced by pressure reducing valves (PRVs) average pressure dropped to 44 m, therefore, leakage in average reduced by 24%. The study concluded that the application of PRVs in the water distribution system as a promising solution for leakage minimization by reducing pressure in the water distribution networks, such as Dilla town.
{"title":"Modeling of Water Distribution System for Reducing of Leakage","authors":"Melese Tesfaye, S. Narain, Habtamu Kassa Muye","doi":"10.37421/JCDE.2020.10.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JCDE.2020.10.363","url":null,"abstract":"Water loss is a common phenomenon observed in all water distribution systems. The process of water loss reduction is a basic part to increase the performance of a water supply system. The means presented in this study is aimed at evaluating water distribution pressure for the minimizing leakages in Dilla town water supply system network. Water CAD software was used to evaluate water distribution system, fixed pressure reducing valves (PRV) were installed at the most effective set of water distribution systems to reduced pressure as well as leakage quantities of water. An average water distribution pressure in the existing water distribution system was 58 m. Then, after the pressure reduced by pressure reducing valves (PRVs) average pressure dropped to 44 m, therefore, leakage in average reduced by 24%. The study concluded that the application of PRVs in the water distribution system as a promising solution for leakage minimization by reducing pressure in the water distribution networks, such as Dilla town.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81677451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JCCE.2020.10.357
G. Krishna
The growing use of Building Information Modelling in the construction as an emerging concept is a digital approach replacing traditional approaches gradually. With the changing scenario in the industry with the introduction of technology, the adoption of BIM has brought forth many a debates among professionals. With the growing technological advancements, there is also a growing need for knowledge; hence many professionals and researchers are working on various aspects of research in various fields of BIM. The paper aims to review the amount of research done on the use and adoption of BIM in various fields of construction project. By examining 130 publications from various sources, a cumulative analysis of the fields of research and progression in publication has been studied and established. The results got henceforth from the paper indicate a progressive increase in the research done in various fields of construction projects.
{"title":"A Research Study Done on the Adaptation of Building Information Modelling in Various Fields of a Construction Project","authors":"G. Krishna","doi":"10.37421/JCCE.2020.10.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JCCE.2020.10.357","url":null,"abstract":"The growing use of Building Information Modelling in the construction as an emerging concept is a digital approach replacing traditional approaches gradually. With the changing scenario in the industry with the introduction of technology, the adoption of BIM has brought forth many a debates among professionals. With the growing technological advancements, there is also a growing need for knowledge; hence many professionals and researchers are working on various aspects of research in various fields of BIM. The paper aims to review the amount of research done on the use and adoption of BIM in various fields of construction project. By examining 130 publications from various sources, a cumulative analysis of the fields of research and progression in publication has been studied and established. The results got henceforth from the paper indicate a progressive increase in the research done in various fields of construction projects.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85924400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/JCCE.2020.10.356
M. Farhan, M. Tasleem
The seismic evaluation for the damage caused by ground motion to existing bridges has attracted focus of structural engineers in recent years. It is the first step towards curbing loss of life and property. Most of the reinforced concrete bridges in India were designed as per previous building codes. Those codes seldom accounted for large seismic motions and were insufficient to sustain the seismic loads acting laterally. It is necessary to evaluate damages caused to already constructed bridges. In this paper nonlinear static (pushover) method is focused for performing seismic analysis of RCC Bridge. It is conceptually easier to understand and model and requires low time for computation. Major advancement in pushover analysis procedures is seen in last 10 years and it has led to its introduction to international codes/guidelines for seismic analysis. The pier are subjected to dead load, live load and seismic loading and designed as per IRC-6 2012. The study aimed to determine the seismic performance of the typical reinforced concrete bridge pier designed as per Indian codes with displacement based pushover analysis approach.
{"title":"Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Pier Designed as Per IRC-6 Codal Provision","authors":"M. Farhan, M. Tasleem","doi":"10.37421/JCCE.2020.10.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JCCE.2020.10.356","url":null,"abstract":"The seismic evaluation for the damage caused by ground motion to existing bridges has attracted focus of structural engineers in recent years. It is the first step towards curbing loss of life and property. Most of the reinforced concrete bridges in India were designed as per previous building codes. Those codes seldom accounted for large seismic motions and were insufficient to sustain the seismic loads acting laterally. It is necessary to evaluate damages caused to already constructed bridges. In this paper nonlinear static (pushover) method is focused for performing seismic analysis of RCC Bridge. It is conceptually easier to understand and model and requires low time for computation. Major advancement in pushover analysis procedures is seen in last 10 years and it has led to its introduction to international codes/guidelines for seismic analysis. The pier are subjected to dead load, live load and seismic loading and designed as per IRC-6 2012. The study aimed to determine the seismic performance of the typical reinforced concrete bridge pier designed as per Indian codes with displacement based pushover analysis approach.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78165821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to face current compelling environmental problems affecting the planet, the construction industry needs to adapt. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need for durable, high-performance, low-greenhouse gas emission binders that can be used as an alternative to Portland cement (PC) to lower the environmental impact of construction. Alkali activated materials (AAMs) are considered a more sustainable alternative to PC materials. The binders of AAMs result from the reaction of an alkali metal source and a silicate powder or precursor which can be a calcium silicate or an aluminosilicate-rich material. This paper evaluates the particle size, specific surface area, chemical and mineral composition and amorphousness of silicate materials (most industrial waste locally produced in Ireland and Saudi Arabia) to develop alkali-activated binders that can replace PC resources in specific applications. These include recycled ceramic brick, bauxite, illitic clay, fly ash and metallurgical slag. According to the results, the wastes are reactive and comply with building standards requirements. The study also evidenced that the reactivity of the Saudi bauxite (with significant kaolinite) can be enhanced on thermal activation; and high calcium in the slag will promote reaction; which should be possible with low alkalinity activators. The wastes evidenced variable water demands that will be taken into account for mixing with the activators. Finally, further research is proposed to further determine the reactive fraction of the clay-based precursors. Keywords—Reactivity, water demand, alkali-activated materials, brick, bauxite, illitic clay, fly ash, slag.
{"title":"An Evaluation of the Feasibility of Several Industrial Wastes and Natural Materials, as Precursors, for the Production of Alkali Activated Materials","authors":"S. Pavia, O. Alelweet","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.3607621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3607621","url":null,"abstract":"In order to face current compelling environmental problems affecting the planet, the construction industry needs to adapt. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need for durable, high-performance, low-greenhouse gas emission binders that can be used as an alternative to Portland cement (PC) to lower the environmental impact of construction. Alkali activated materials (AAMs) are considered a more sustainable alternative to PC materials. The binders of AAMs result from the reaction of an alkali metal source and a silicate powder or precursor which can be a calcium silicate or an aluminosilicate-rich material. This paper evaluates the particle size, specific surface area, chemical and mineral composition and amorphousness of silicate materials (most industrial waste locally produced in Ireland and Saudi Arabia) to develop alkali-activated binders that can replace PC resources in specific applications. These include recycled ceramic brick, bauxite, illitic clay, fly ash and metallurgical slag. According to the results, the wastes are reactive and comply with building standards requirements. The study also evidenced that the reactivity of the Saudi bauxite (with significant kaolinite) can be enhanced on thermal activation; and high calcium in the slag will promote reaction; which should be possible with low alkalinity activators. The wastes evidenced variable water demands that will be taken into account for mixing with the activators. Finally, further research is proposed to further determine the reactive fraction of the clay-based precursors. Keywords—Reactivity, water demand, alkali-activated materials, brick, bauxite, illitic clay, fly ash, slag.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72869774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Konstandakopoulou, G. Papagiannopoulos, Nikos G. Pnevmatikos, G. Hatzigeorgiou
This paper examines the effects of pile-soil-structure interaction on the dynamic response of offshore platforms under the action of near-fault earthquakes. Two offshore platforms models are investigated, one with completely fixed supports and one with piles which are clamped into deformable layered soil. The soil deformability for the second model is simulated using non-linear springs. These platform models are subjected to near-fault seismic ground motions. The role of fault mechanism on platforms’ response is additionally investigated, while the study also examines the effects of different angles of incidence of seismic records on the maximum response of each platform. Keywords—Hazard analysis, offshore platforms, earthquakes, safety.
{"title":"Seismic Hazard Assessment of Offshore Platforms","authors":"F. Konstandakopoulou, G. Papagiannopoulos, Nikos G. Pnevmatikos, G. Hatzigeorgiou","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.3298767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3298767","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of pile-soil-structure interaction on the dynamic response of offshore platforms under the action of near-fault earthquakes. Two offshore platforms models are investigated, one with completely fixed supports and one with piles which are clamped into deformable layered soil. The soil deformability for the second model is simulated using non-linear springs. These platform models are subjected to near-fault seismic ground motions. The role of fault mechanism on platforms’ response is additionally investigated, while the study also examines the effects of different angles of incidence of seismic records on the maximum response of each platform. Keywords—Hazard analysis, offshore platforms, earthquakes, safety.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78659547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-17DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000331
H. Danso, S. Adu
The high cost of cement and its greenhouse effect on the environment have led to the use of alternative building materials in the production of block and bricks. This study seeks to investigate the properties of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) stabilized with clay pozzolana. CEBs of size 290 × 140 × 100 mm were prepared with 0, 10, 20 and 30% weight of clay pozzolana. The CEBs were compressed at a constant pressure of 5 MPa and cured. The blocks, after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing were tested for density, water absorption, compressive strength, tensile strength and erosion resistance. It was found that the pozzolana content slightly improved the blocks’ density. There was increase water absorption resistance of the stabilized blocks between 32.8% and 252% over the unstabilised blocks. The 30% pozzolana content block specimens gained 116.8% compressive strength and 62.1% tensile strength over the unstabilised blocks. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in the erosion resistance between the stabilized blocks and the unstabilised blocks. The study concludes that the inclusion of the clay pozzolana generally improved the properties of the CEBs, and therefore recommended it for use in the building of low-rise houses.
{"title":"Characterization of Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized with Clay Pozzolana","authors":"H. Danso, S. Adu","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000331","url":null,"abstract":"The high cost of cement and its greenhouse effect on the environment have led to the use of alternative building materials in the production of block and bricks. This study seeks to investigate the properties of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) stabilized with clay pozzolana. CEBs of size 290 × 140 × 100 mm were prepared with 0, 10, 20 and 30% weight of clay pozzolana. The CEBs were compressed at a constant pressure of 5 MPa and cured. The blocks, after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing were tested for density, water absorption, compressive strength, tensile strength and erosion resistance. It was found that the pozzolana content slightly improved the blocks’ density. There was increase water absorption resistance of the stabilized blocks between 32.8% and 252% over the unstabilised blocks. The 30% pozzolana content block specimens gained 116.8% compressive strength and 62.1% tensile strength over the unstabilised blocks. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in the erosion resistance between the stabilized blocks and the unstabilised blocks. The study concludes that the inclusion of the clay pozzolana generally improved the properties of the CEBs, and therefore recommended it for use in the building of low-rise houses.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82156264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000330
Xiaoming, IB Eldouma, M. Rafique, S. Alobaid, Dania Aljaroudi
This research aims to assess and then compare the high-temperature rendering of tafpack super, tire rubber, and Polypropylene. Dynamic shear rheometer experiment out righted to mensuration linear viscoelasticity areas of the modified bitumen at 58-88°C. Additionally, the modified asphalt mixture's rutting depth is measured in millimeters using the wheel tracking test. Finally, the rheological features of the improved asphalt were contrasted together with each other as well as with the perspicuous asphalt. Conclusions manifested that the tire rubber modifier has more excellent characteristics in high temperatures and less rutting depth than poth polypropylene as well tafpack super.
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Mechanical Performance of Bitumen Binders and Mixtures Utilizing Crumb Rubber, Tafpack Super, and Polypropylene","authors":"Xiaoming, IB Eldouma, M. Rafique, S. Alobaid, Dania Aljaroudi","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000330","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to assess and then compare the high-temperature rendering of tafpack super, tire rubber, and Polypropylene. Dynamic shear rheometer experiment out righted to mensuration linear viscoelasticity areas of the modified bitumen at 58-88°C. Additionally, the modified asphalt mixture's rutting depth is measured in millimeters using the wheel tracking test. Finally, the rheological features of the improved asphalt were contrasted together with each other as well as with the perspicuous asphalt. Conclusions manifested that the tire rubber modifier has more excellent characteristics in high temperatures and less rutting depth than poth polypropylene as well tafpack super.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74228272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000327
R. Bakr
Deep excavation adjacent to existing buildings with shallow foundations and/or old wall bearing buildings represents a big challenge to the geotechnical engineer. The restriction of the lateral movement of the soil underneath those building represents the primary objective for any excavation support system. The previous research resulted in many excavation support systems including; soldier pile walls, sheet pile walls, secant piles, tangent piles, diaphragm walls, etc. These techniques may be cost-effectively for large and important projects but they are not for small projects which represent the majority. The main objective of this research is to study the stability of excavation sides in medium, stiff and very stiff clay soils either with or without a minimum safe lateral horizontal distance to the adjacent building. A parametric study was carried out to determine the minimum horizontal distance, H, for selected excavation depths, de, ground water depth, dw, and surcharge stress (q) underneath the neighboring buildings. The research outcomes showed that a significant saving can be achieved by excavation in very stiff clay excavation to a relatively large depth up to 9 m without retaining system. While for stiff and medium clay soils, a horizontal distance should be left beside the neighbored buildings depending on the magnitude of the surcharge stress, q.
{"title":"The Impact of the Unsupported Excavation on the Boundary of the Active Zone in Medium, Stiff and Very Stiff Clay","authors":"R. Bakr","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000327","url":null,"abstract":"Deep excavation adjacent to existing buildings with shallow foundations and/or old wall bearing buildings represents a big challenge to the geotechnical engineer. The restriction of the lateral movement of the soil underneath those building represents the primary objective for any excavation support system. The previous research resulted in many excavation support systems including; soldier pile walls, sheet pile walls, secant piles, tangent piles, diaphragm walls, etc. These techniques may be cost-effectively for large and important projects but they are not for small projects which represent the majority. The main objective of this research is to study the stability of excavation sides in medium, stiff and very stiff clay soils either with or without a minimum safe lateral horizontal distance to the adjacent building. A parametric study was carried out to determine the minimum horizontal distance, H, for selected excavation depths, de, ground water depth, dw, and surcharge stress (q) underneath the neighboring buildings. The research outcomes showed that a significant saving can be achieved by excavation in very stiff clay excavation to a relatively large depth up to 9 m without retaining system. While for stiff and medium clay soils, a horizontal distance should be left beside the neighbored buildings depending on the magnitude of the surcharge stress, q.","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85108496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2165-784X.1000329
J. Aa, Akter Ks
Rapid population growth in Dhaka has resulted in excess generation of solid waste. Present solid waste management authority of Dhaka City Corporation is struggling to manage this huge amount of waste properly as there is no framework on solid waste management. The purpose of this work is to identify the present waste generation per person (Kg/person/day) in a housing society of Dhaka city and possible resource recovery potential of solid waste of the area so that the correspondent authority can have a scope of finding a framework for effective management of solid waste. The survey was conducted in 100 households of Mirpur Defense Officers’ Housing Society, (DOHS) Dhaka. These households were classified into five groups according to monthly income ranging from 60,000 BDT to 160,000 BDT. The total population of the area was around 15,000. Average waste generation was found 0.74 Kg/person/ day. Around 11.10 tons of solid waste was generated per day and major fraction was food waste (on average 69.90%). About 226 Kilograms of solid waste can easily be achievable for using as compost component every day. Possible energy recovery from generated waste was equivalent to 3428.70 Kwh of electricity per day
{"title":"A Study on Solid Waste Generation of Household and Potential of Resource Recovery in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"J. Aa, Akter Ks","doi":"10.4172/2165-784X.1000329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000329","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid population growth in Dhaka has resulted in excess generation of solid waste. Present solid waste management authority of Dhaka City Corporation is struggling to manage this huge amount of waste properly as there is no framework on solid waste management. The purpose of this work is to identify the present waste generation per person (Kg/person/day) in a housing society of Dhaka city and possible resource recovery potential of solid waste of the area so that the correspondent authority can have a scope of finding a framework for effective management of solid waste. The survey was conducted in 100 households of Mirpur Defense Officers’ Housing Society, (DOHS) Dhaka. These households were classified into five groups according to monthly income ranging from 60,000 BDT to 160,000 BDT. The total population of the area was around 15,000. Average waste generation was found 0.74 Kg/person/ day. Around 11.10 tons of solid waste was generated per day and major fraction was food waste (on average 69.90%). About 226 Kilograms of solid waste can easily be achievable for using as compost component every day. Possible energy recovery from generated waste was equivalent to 3428.70 Kwh of electricity per day","PeriodicalId":52256,"journal":{"name":"Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84881320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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