Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X211026862
Renzo de la Riva Agüero
Municipalities in the Global South confront significant implementation challenges for the delivery of services, especially as service complexity increases. Waste management, which includes services of different complexity such as simple waste collection and complex waste disposal, is a useful sector to study. This article conducts an exploratory case study in four Peruvian municipalities to learn about the relationship between administrative capacity, political influence, and civil society participation and the performance of two waste services. The findings highlight the need to more closely consider service-specific administrative capacity in future research on performance, particularly when analyzing more complex services. Accounting for service complexity may also be important for practitioners when planning measures to strengthen administrative capacity.
{"title":"Exploring Administrative Capacity and Local Governance in the Peruvian Waste Sector: Implications for Complex Service Delivery in the Global South","authors":"Renzo de la Riva Agüero","doi":"10.1177/0160323X211026862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211026862","url":null,"abstract":"Municipalities in the Global South confront significant implementation challenges for the delivery of services, especially as service complexity increases. Waste management, which includes services of different complexity such as simple waste collection and complex waste disposal, is a useful sector to study. This article conducts an exploratory case study in four Peruvian municipalities to learn about the relationship between administrative capacity, political influence, and civil society participation and the performance of two waste services. The findings highlight the need to more closely consider service-specific administrative capacity in future research on performance, particularly when analyzing more complex services. Accounting for service complexity may also be important for practitioners when planning measures to strengthen administrative capacity.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"122 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323X211026862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45480235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X211025101
W. Hicks, Seth C. McKee
In this Field Note, we use precinct- and individual-level data on Pennsylvania to assess whether congressional redistricting influenced voter preferences in the 2018 midterm. Despite redistricting vastly altering the distribution of voters in House districts, this did little to change their preferences. Rather, redistricting contributed to Democratic House gains primarily by configuring a handful of districts to be more favorable to the Democratic Party. The evidence for minimal direct effects of redistricting on voter preferences, despite the presence of national political conditions breaking strongly in favor of Democrats, speaks to the increasing nationalization of American elections and with it, a concomitant decline in the incumbency advantage.
{"title":"Pennsylvania in 2018: How Redistricting Does and Doesn’t Make a Difference","authors":"W. Hicks, Seth C. McKee","doi":"10.1177/0160323X211025101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211025101","url":null,"abstract":"In this Field Note, we use precinct- and individual-level data on Pennsylvania to assess whether congressional redistricting influenced voter preferences in the 2018 midterm. Despite redistricting vastly altering the distribution of voters in House districts, this did little to change their preferences. Rather, redistricting contributed to Democratic House gains primarily by configuring a handful of districts to be more favorable to the Democratic Party. The evidence for minimal direct effects of redistricting on voter preferences, despite the presence of national political conditions breaking strongly in favor of Democrats, speaks to the increasing nationalization of American elections and with it, a concomitant decline in the incumbency advantage.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"172 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323X211025101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45903470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X211020733
Alexandra G. Cockerham
It is widely accepted that executive term limits provide a check on executive power. I challenge this assumption by arguing that executive term limits pose an obstacle to inter-branch bargaining because they both limit tenure potential and force an executive from office precisely when she is most prone to bargain. While previous research has assumed that an executive’s tenure potential remains constant throughout his time in office, I argue that the tenure potential of a term-limited executive varies with time left in office. The perfect correlation between time served (experience) and maximum remaining time in office (tenure potential) among U.S. presidents precludes empirical analysis about the effects of tenure potential and experience. Accordingly, I turn to the American states for analysis, and find strong empirical support for my theory.
{"title":"Going it Alone: The Adverse Effect of Executive Term Limits on Bargaining","authors":"Alexandra G. Cockerham","doi":"10.1177/0160323X211020733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211020733","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that executive term limits provide a check on executive power. I challenge this assumption by arguing that executive term limits pose an obstacle to inter-branch bargaining because they both limit tenure potential and force an executive from office precisely when she is most prone to bargain. While previous research has assumed that an executive’s tenure potential remains constant throughout his time in office, I argue that the tenure potential of a term-limited executive varies with time left in office. The perfect correlation between time served (experience) and maximum remaining time in office (tenure potential) among U.S. presidents precludes empirical analysis about the effects of tenure potential and experience. Accordingly, I turn to the American states for analysis, and find strong empirical support for my theory.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"62 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323X211020733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46630009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X211014043
Kimberly L. Nelson, E. Zeemering
{"title":"SLGR—An Interchange for Ideas","authors":"Kimberly L. Nelson, E. Zeemering","doi":"10.1177/0160323X211014043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211014043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"3 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323X211014043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41688813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X211012056
Haibin Guo, Can Chen
Early in the pandemic, Florida municipal managers indicated that forecasting the impact on local revenues was one of their top priorities in responding to the pandemic, yet such a tool has not been widely available. This study offers simple and straightforward fiscal planning guides for assessing the short-term and long-term impacts of the COVID 19 recession on local government revenues by estimating the revenue declines among 411 Florida municipalities from FY 2021 to FY 2023. The forecast results predict revenues will be reduced by $5.11 billion from 2019 pre-pandemic levels for Florida cities in fiscal years 2021 through 2023. The decline is forecast to be 3.54 percent in FY 2021, 4.02 percent in FY 2022, and 3.29 percent in FY 2023. The revenue structure matters for estimating the revenue decline.
{"title":"Forecasting Revenue Impacts from COVID-19: The Case of Florida Municipalities","authors":"Haibin Guo, Can Chen","doi":"10.1177/0160323X211012056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211012056","url":null,"abstract":"Early in the pandemic, Florida municipal managers indicated that forecasting the impact on local revenues was one of their top priorities in responding to the pandemic, yet such a tool has not been widely available. This study offers simple and straightforward fiscal planning guides for assessing the short-term and long-term impacts of the COVID 19 recession on local government revenues by estimating the revenue declines among 411 Florida municipalities from FY 2021 to FY 2023. The forecast results predict revenues will be reduced by $5.11 billion from 2019 pre-pandemic levels for Florida cities in fiscal years 2021 through 2023. The decline is forecast to be 3.54 percent in FY 2021, 4.02 percent in FY 2022, and 3.29 percent in FY 2023. The revenue structure matters for estimating the revenue decline.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"78 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323X211012056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42889384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X211010911
A. Deslatte, Tyler A. Scott, D. P. Carter
Across the U.S., private land developers are forgoing traditional financing of new suburban infrastructure in favor of an institutional innovation in special government—multipurpose development districts. This article presents an exploratory analysis of the fiscal characteristics of this relatively novel financing and governing mechanism. Focusing on residential developments financed through the creation of Florida multipurpose development districts, or community development districts (CDDs), we ask: What is the general profile of CDD borrowing and spending? What functional trends are reflected in CDD borrowing and spending and how do they compare to those of their general-purpose counterparts? How does CDD borrowing and spending change over time as residents, not developers, take over responsibility for district administration? We consider two institutional design principles important for self-governance of such developments—accountability and representation. The discussion raises self-governance implications, particularly whether multipurpose development district financing creates incentives for developers to “oversupply” infrastructure to maximize profits.
{"title":"Probing the Fiscal Implications of Multipurpose Development Districts: An Institutional Analysis of Florida Community Development Districts","authors":"A. Deslatte, Tyler A. Scott, D. P. Carter","doi":"10.1177/0160323X211010911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211010911","url":null,"abstract":"Across the U.S., private land developers are forgoing traditional financing of new suburban infrastructure in favor of an institutional innovation in special government—multipurpose development districts. This article presents an exploratory analysis of the fiscal characteristics of this relatively novel financing and governing mechanism. Focusing on residential developments financed through the creation of Florida multipurpose development districts, or community development districts (CDDs), we ask: What is the general profile of CDD borrowing and spending? What functional trends are reflected in CDD borrowing and spending and how do they compare to those of their general-purpose counterparts? How does CDD borrowing and spending change over time as residents, not developers, take over responsibility for district administration? We consider two institutional design principles important for self-governance of such developments—accountability and representation. The discussion raises self-governance implications, particularly whether multipurpose development district financing creates incentives for developers to “oversupply” infrastructure to maximize profits.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"43 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323X211010911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46378343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X211009285
L. Reese, Xiaomeng Li
This research focuses on change within informal service provision networks, specifically examining the impact that changes within a key organization can have on the larger network. Employing a before and after survey design with a treatment at the midpoint and participant observation, it asks: What is the impact of a major change within one organization on the larger external network? What is the nature of the organizational ties? and, How do political factors exogenous to the network impact the network evolution process? The findings suggest that internal change within a focal actor can have ripple effects throughout the network increasing density. Public service provision at the local level can be enhanced through an increase in partnerships between the public and nonprofit sectors. However, network evolution can be limited by the larger political environment and lack of a coordinating role on the part of local government.
{"title":"Change in Service Provision Networks: The Case of Animal Welfare Services","authors":"L. Reese, Xiaomeng Li","doi":"10.1177/0160323X211009285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211009285","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on change within informal service provision networks, specifically examining the impact that changes within a key organization can have on the larger network. Employing a before and after survey design with a treatment at the midpoint and participant observation, it asks: What is the impact of a major change within one organization on the larger external network? What is the nature of the organizational ties? and, How do political factors exogenous to the network impact the network evolution process? The findings suggest that internal change within a focal actor can have ripple effects throughout the network increasing density. Public service provision at the local level can be enhanced through an increase in partnerships between the public and nonprofit sectors. However, network evolution can be limited by the larger political environment and lack of a coordinating role on the part of local government.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"14 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323X211009285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42614026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X211000835
C. Morrill
A well-functioning democracy requires citizens’ trust in their governmental institutions. In times of crisis, when state and local governments need community support to respond effectively, trust becomes even more critical. Without earning that trust, communities cannot succeed in addressing the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic, economic uncertainty, systemic racism, increasing severe weather events, and the growing list of other crises. But how can we accomplish this at a time of increasing polarization, misinformation, and civic disillusionment? GFOA—and its members—have focused our trust building efforts in three areas: values-based ethics, a leadership framework based on common pool resource theory, and rethinking local government budgeting. The budget is arguably the most important policy document prepared by a local government. Through the allocation of scarce resources, the budget should reflect a community’s values and where it believes investments will most help its citizens thrive. If prepared transparently and informed by research, with real community engagement, data, and best practices, the budget can build a foundation of trust between a local government and its citizens. The incremental, opaque approach to budgeting that is still prevalent today, reduces governments’ ability to innovate and use data for better decision making. Traditional budget processes do not fully incorporate community needs or address past inequities. In short, budget preparation with little data, non-existent, or flawed, citizen engagement, and a bias for the status quo, continue to perpetuate inequities, contributing to the ongoing trend of citizen distrust in government. We believe there is a better way.
{"title":"To Increase Trust in Government, Reinvent the Local Government Budget","authors":"C. Morrill","doi":"10.1177/0160323X211000835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211000835","url":null,"abstract":"A well-functioning democracy requires citizens’ trust in their governmental institutions. In times of crisis, when state and local governments need community support to respond effectively, trust becomes even more critical. Without earning that trust, communities cannot succeed in addressing the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic, economic uncertainty, systemic racism, increasing severe weather events, and the growing list of other crises. But how can we accomplish this at a time of increasing polarization, misinformation, and civic disillusionment? GFOA—and its members—have focused our trust building efforts in three areas: values-based ethics, a leadership framework based on common pool resource theory, and rethinking local government budgeting. The budget is arguably the most important policy document prepared by a local government. Through the allocation of scarce resources, the budget should reflect a community’s values and where it believes investments will most help its citizens thrive. If prepared transparently and informed by research, with real community engagement, data, and best practices, the budget can build a foundation of trust between a local government and its citizens. The incremental, opaque approach to budgeting that is still prevalent today, reduces governments’ ability to innovate and use data for better decision making. Traditional budget processes do not fully incorporate community needs or address past inequities. In short, budget preparation with little data, non-existent, or flawed, citizen engagement, and a bias for the status quo, continue to perpetuate inequities, contributing to the ongoing trend of citizen distrust in government. We believe there is a better way.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"10 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323X211000835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47759453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X211003139
Jason D. Rivera, Andrew Uttaro
Although New Public Service (NPS) principles are well known, their practice in local government settings has only been limitedly explored. As a means of better understanding governance practices that adhere to NPS principles in local contexts, this study engaged in a case study of Grand Island, New York. Through the analysis of interviews with elected officials and civic servant department heads, it is observed that public servants practice various public engagement strategies for gauging public sentiment and interests in public policy. However, these same public servants point out the challenges of public hearings and social media to understanding their citizens. Information on public servants’ notions of accountability is observed, which relates to how they view the public’s involvement in policy processes. Recommendations for future research are provided as a means of enhancing our understanding and development of more inclusive governance practices.
{"title":"The Manifestation of New Public Service Principles in Small-town Government: A Case Study of Grand Island, New York","authors":"Jason D. Rivera, Andrew Uttaro","doi":"10.1177/0160323X211003139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211003139","url":null,"abstract":"Although New Public Service (NPS) principles are well known, their practice in local government settings has only been limitedly explored. As a means of better understanding governance practices that adhere to NPS principles in local contexts, this study engaged in a case study of Grand Island, New York. Through the analysis of interviews with elected officials and civic servant department heads, it is observed that public servants practice various public engagement strategies for gauging public sentiment and interests in public policy. However, these same public servants point out the challenges of public hearings and social media to understanding their citizens. Information on public servants’ notions of accountability is observed, which relates to how they view the public’s involvement in policy processes. Recommendations for future research are provided as a means of enhancing our understanding and development of more inclusive governance practices.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"89 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323X211003139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48302547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1177/0160323x20980029
Grant E. Rissler, Saltanat Liebert, Brittany Keegan
{"title":"Local Responses to Immigrant Residents in the age of Trump: Insights on the Space for Action at the Local Level","authors":"Grant E. Rissler, Saltanat Liebert, Brittany Keegan","doi":"10.1177/0160323x20980029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x20980029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0160323x20980029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45894292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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