Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1177/0160323x231166660
Renée B. Van Vechten
In 2021, the second attempt in California history to recall a governor ended in a resounding victory for the Democratic incumbent. Unlike the recall of Governor Gray Davis in 2003, auspicious political conditions helped enable Gavin Newsom’s survival; these included a large Democratic advantage in voter registration and an all-mail-ballot election that reduced participation costs. Turning points in the process included an extension of the signature-gathering deadline and the emergence of a polemical candidate who helped energize Democratic voters. These developments re-exposed flaws in the state’s recall process and have prompted calls to reform the qualification procedures and the dual ballot format, which permits the election of a potentially anti-majoritarian replacement who receives a small fraction of the plurality vote.
{"title":"California’s 2021 Gubernatorial Recall: Field Notes","authors":"Renée B. Van Vechten","doi":"10.1177/0160323x231166660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x231166660","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, the second attempt in California history to recall a governor ended in a resounding victory for the Democratic incumbent. Unlike the recall of Governor Gray Davis in 2003, auspicious political conditions helped enable Gavin Newsom’s survival; these included a large Democratic advantage in voter registration and an all-mail-ballot election that reduced participation costs. Turning points in the process included an extension of the signature-gathering deadline and the emergence of a polemical candidate who helped energize Democratic voters. These developments re-exposed flaws in the state’s recall process and have prompted calls to reform the qualification procedures and the dual ballot format, which permits the election of a potentially anti-majoritarian replacement who receives a small fraction of the plurality vote.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"153 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41377700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.1177/0160323x231173921
N. Ermasova, Tatyana Guzman
This comparative case study explores the capital budgeting before, during, and after municipal bankruptcy in three U.S. local governments: Jefferson County, AL; Central Falls, RI; and Vallejo, CA. This in-depth examination of capital budgeting challenges reveals a pattern across all cases—a significant decrease in capital spending on infrastructure and maintenance before and during municipal bankruptcy. In fact, the mismanagement and underinvestment in capital infrastructure were some of the causes of municipal bankruptcy in all three local governments. The comparison of the reforms adopted after the bankruptcy shows that all three local government went through a similar two-stage process of recovery and restructuring, employing the emergent strategy to exit the bankruptcy and the problem-oriented innovative strategy to recover. These results show that even though all three local government significantly decreased spending on capital investments and maintenance as part of the emergent strategy, investment in public infrastructure during the recovery, and reconstructing became a priority across all selected cases.
{"title":"Capital Budgeting During Municipal Bankruptcy: Cases of Jefferson County, AL; Central Falls, RI; and Vallejo, CA","authors":"N. Ermasova, Tatyana Guzman","doi":"10.1177/0160323x231173921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x231173921","url":null,"abstract":"This comparative case study explores the capital budgeting before, during, and after municipal bankruptcy in three U.S. local governments: Jefferson County, AL; Central Falls, RI; and Vallejo, CA. This in-depth examination of capital budgeting challenges reveals a pattern across all cases—a significant decrease in capital spending on infrastructure and maintenance before and during municipal bankruptcy. In fact, the mismanagement and underinvestment in capital infrastructure were some of the causes of municipal bankruptcy in all three local governments. The comparison of the reforms adopted after the bankruptcy shows that all three local government went through a similar two-stage process of recovery and restructuring, employing the emergent strategy to exit the bankruptcy and the problem-oriented innovative strategy to recover. These results show that even though all three local government significantly decreased spending on capital investments and maintenance as part of the emergent strategy, investment in public infrastructure during the recovery, and reconstructing became a priority across all selected cases.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41926383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.1177/0160323X231168613
Mary O. Borg, J. Borg
Do assessment caps make the property tax more regressive? Are they fair to all taxpayers, or do some groups get more benefit than others. This paper examines these issues using a sample from the Jacksonville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. Regression models are run using housing values averaged at the census block level and matched to census block socioeconomic and demographic data obtained from the US Census. Results show that when permanent income is used as the measure of ability to pay, the SOH benefit makes the property tax fairer, but when current income is used as the income measure, it makes the tax less fair. In addition, the assessment caps cause some serious horizontal inequities. For, example, homes in 100% Black census blocks receive, on average, 6.6 percentage points less value from the SOH benefit relative to their home’s value than the homes in 100% White census blocks.
{"title":"The Vertical and Horizontal Equity of Property Assessment Caps","authors":"Mary O. Borg, J. Borg","doi":"10.1177/0160323X231168613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X231168613","url":null,"abstract":"Do assessment caps make the property tax more regressive? Are they fair to all taxpayers, or do some groups get more benefit than others. This paper examines these issues using a sample from the Jacksonville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. Regression models are run using housing values averaged at the census block level and matched to census block socioeconomic and demographic data obtained from the US Census. Results show that when permanent income is used as the measure of ability to pay, the SOH benefit makes the property tax fairer, but when current income is used as the income measure, it makes the tax less fair. In addition, the assessment caps cause some serious horizontal inequities. For, example, homes in 100% Black census blocks receive, on average, 6.6 percentage points less value from the SOH benefit relative to their home’s value than the homes in 100% White census blocks.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"213 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45526519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-06DOI: 10.1177/0160323X231171731
C. Knox, Jason D. Rivera
The need for effective inclusionary planning practices is paramount in the whole community approach within emergency management. However, accountability, legitimacy, bureaucratic discretion, and a planner’s perspective on public involvement can limit the ability to effectively include the public in emergency management planning processes. Through survey and focus group analysis of county-level emergency management planners in Florida, this preliminary study explores the implications of these factors for effectively engaging in democratic policy and planning development within the realm of emergency management. We provide recommendations for practitioners attempting to engage the public and suggestions for future research.
{"title":"Inclusionary Emergency Management Planning: Floridian Emergency Management Planners’ Orientations and Perceptions","authors":"C. Knox, Jason D. Rivera","doi":"10.1177/0160323X231171731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X231171731","url":null,"abstract":"The need for effective inclusionary planning practices is paramount in the whole community approach within emergency management. However, accountability, legitimacy, bureaucratic discretion, and a planner’s perspective on public involvement can limit the ability to effectively include the public in emergency management planning processes. Through survey and focus group analysis of county-level emergency management planners in Florida, this preliminary study explores the implications of these factors for effectively engaging in democratic policy and planning development within the realm of emergency management. We provide recommendations for practitioners attempting to engage the public and suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"192 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49625804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1177/0160323X231167614
Michael S. Rocca, Timothy B. Krebs, Dylan McArthur
As polarization and gridlock continues to grip national politics, Americans are increasingly looking to states to remedy the nation’s most significant challenges. But this was not always the case. Americans are increasingly looking to states to remedy the nation’s most significant challenges. But this was not always the case. In the 1960s, state governments—particularly their legislatures—were in crisis. Few legislatures had the capacity to address the daunting issues that were creating massive political, social, and economic unrest in American states and cities. After decades of reforms to address these issues, and the studies of legislative reform that followed, we can make some conclusions about the consequences of legislative professionalization. The purpose of this paper is to present the key findings from work dedicated to the study of these consequences.
{"title":"The Consequences of Legislative Professionalism in U.S. State Legislatures: A Review","authors":"Michael S. Rocca, Timothy B. Krebs, Dylan McArthur","doi":"10.1177/0160323X231167614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X231167614","url":null,"abstract":"As polarization and gridlock continues to grip national politics, Americans are increasingly looking to states to remedy the nation’s most significant challenges. But this was not always the case. Americans are increasingly looking to states to remedy the nation’s most significant challenges. But this was not always the case. In the 1960s, state governments—particularly their legislatures—were in crisis. Few legislatures had the capacity to address the daunting issues that were creating massive political, social, and economic unrest in American states and cities. After decades of reforms to address these issues, and the studies of legislative reform that followed, we can make some conclusions about the consequences of legislative professionalization. The purpose of this paper is to present the key findings from work dedicated to the study of these consequences.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"235 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43902725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1177/0160323X231155946
Gary M. Reich, M. Scott
We examine patterns of county participation in immigration enforcement across the Obama and Trump administrations and responses to the Trump administration’s efforts to mandate local compliance with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) directives. We focus on the policy that directly speaks to local discretion in enforcing federal law—namely, the willingness of local officials to render immigrant detainees to ICE. We find that underlying patterns of detainee transfers from counties to ICE were largely consistent between the Obama and Trump administrations. Nonetheless, the rate of detainee transfers increased during the Trump administration, an outcome associated with county support for Trump in the 2016 election. The findings suggest that partisanship is an entrenched source of diverging county enforcement practices, increasing intergovernmental conflict and undermining the “steam valve” potential of immigration federalism.
{"title":"County Immigration Enforcement in the Context of Unsettled Federalism: From Obama to Trump","authors":"Gary M. Reich, M. Scott","doi":"10.1177/0160323X231155946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X231155946","url":null,"abstract":"We examine patterns of county participation in immigration enforcement across the Obama and Trump administrations and responses to the Trump administration’s efforts to mandate local compliance with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) directives. We focus on the policy that directly speaks to local discretion in enforcing federal law—namely, the willingness of local officials to render immigrant detainees to ICE. We find that underlying patterns of detainee transfers from counties to ICE were largely consistent between the Obama and Trump administrations. Nonetheless, the rate of detainee transfers increased during the Trump administration, an outcome associated with county support for Trump in the 2016 election. The findings suggest that partisanship is an entrenched source of diverging county enforcement practices, increasing intergovernmental conflict and undermining the “steam valve” potential of immigration federalism.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"96 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47300666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1177/0160323x221148121
Marc A. Ott
We have been fundamentally changed by the crises of the past several years from the pandemic and its effects to the climate crisis and we have the opportunity to improve exponentially because of them. It is our challenge to reimagine local government in a way that “builds back better” in partnership with the private, non-profit, and state and federal government sectors and through dedicated, effective public engagement.
{"title":"Reimagining Local Government in the Wake of Recent Crises Will Build Public Trust","authors":"Marc A. Ott","doi":"10.1177/0160323x221148121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x221148121","url":null,"abstract":"We have been fundamentally changed by the crises of the past several years from the pandemic and its effects to the climate crisis and we have the opportunity to improve exponentially because of them. It is our challenge to reimagine local government in a way that “builds back better” in partnership with the private, non-profit, and state and federal government sectors and through dedicated, effective public engagement.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"91 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43572519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1177/0160323x231155965
{"title":"Reviewer Recognition 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0160323x231155965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x231155965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136335348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1177/0160323x231158630
{"title":"Welcome New Members of the Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0160323x231158630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x231158630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"3 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42956119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.1177/0160323X221145920
Theodore Arapis, Vaswati Chatterjee
For all governments—federal, state, or local—natural disasters impose significant costs. Among the three, local governments typically respond first using their own resources. Thus, a proactive fiscal mechanism providing resources for initiating disaster response (e.g., emergency debris removal, medical services, rescue) appears necessary, especially for governments vulnerable to disasters. This study explores the role of natural disasters on fiscal savings strategy using data collected by Pennsylvania municipal executives via our Pandemic Management Survey. Following our findings, Pennsylvania local governments appear to weigh both their experiences and preparedness level to face a disaster. While more disaster experiences motivated fiscal savings accumulation, lower savings were retained among prepared governments. As such, disaster learning and adaptation not only could limit loss of life and property, but also lead to an efficient fiscal savings strategy.
{"title":"Saving for Natural Disasters: Evidence From Pennsylvania Local Governments","authors":"Theodore Arapis, Vaswati Chatterjee","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221145920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221145920","url":null,"abstract":"For all governments—federal, state, or local—natural disasters impose significant costs. Among the three, local governments typically respond first using their own resources. Thus, a proactive fiscal mechanism providing resources for initiating disaster response (e.g., emergency debris removal, medical services, rescue) appears necessary, especially for governments vulnerable to disasters. This study explores the role of natural disasters on fiscal savings strategy using data collected by Pennsylvania municipal executives via our Pandemic Management Survey. Following our findings, Pennsylvania local governments appear to weigh both their experiences and preparedness level to face a disaster. While more disaster experiences motivated fiscal savings accumulation, lower savings were retained among prepared governments. As such, disaster learning and adaptation not only could limit loss of life and property, but also lead to an efficient fiscal savings strategy.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"120 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64999600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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