Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1177/0160323X221089664
Jayce L. Farmer
The literature on interlocal sustainability has acknowledged that the resources and authority of state governments influence the collaborative sustainability policy actions of local governments. However, there is an absence of empirical evidence that shows how this influence varies across the environmental protection, economic development, and social equity pillars of sustainability. This study uses data from a 2015 national survey of U.S. cities to shed light on the connection between state-level interventions and regional partnerships across the three primary sustainability policy dimensions. With an understanding gleaned from the concept of contested federalism, this analysis employed Bayesian techniques to examine how state fiscal support for sustainability, along with fiscal and functional decentralization in state systems, affect municipal collaborative policy efforts. The findings suggest a positive link between supportive state-level endeavors and local-level collaborations. However, state influences can have different implications across the three pillars of sustainability.
{"title":"State Interventions and Interlocal Collaborations Across the Three Pillars of Sustainability","authors":"Jayce L. Farmer","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221089664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221089664","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on interlocal sustainability has acknowledged that the resources and authority of state governments influence the collaborative sustainability policy actions of local governments. However, there is an absence of empirical evidence that shows how this influence varies across the environmental protection, economic development, and social equity pillars of sustainability. This study uses data from a 2015 national survey of U.S. cities to shed light on the connection between state-level interventions and regional partnerships across the three primary sustainability policy dimensions. With an understanding gleaned from the concept of contested federalism, this analysis employed Bayesian techniques to examine how state fiscal support for sustainability, along with fiscal and functional decentralization in state systems, affect municipal collaborative policy efforts. The findings suggest a positive link between supportive state-level endeavors and local-level collaborations. However, state influences can have different implications across the three pillars of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"120 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1177/0160323X221089661
D. Patton, A. Durand, Kyle Whipple, D. Albright
We examine local government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States utilizing a unique dataset created by the National League of Cities. The most common action by local governments was changing administrative procedures and implementing policies aimed at prevention or “flattening the curve”. The general public was the most common population target. In addition to detailing the most common local action types, policy areas, and population targets, we analyze local response based on the autonomy granted to local governments by states. We expected local governments with greater levels of autonomy would have a greater level of response; however, some local governments did not ‘behave’ as expected based on their degree of policymaking autonomy granted by state governments. Some states with higher levels of autonomy enacted relatively few local actions in response to the pandemic, whereas some with little autonomy engaged in considerable activity to address COVID-19.
{"title":"Local Autonomy and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"D. Patton, A. Durand, Kyle Whipple, D. Albright","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221089661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221089661","url":null,"abstract":"We examine local government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States utilizing a unique dataset created by the National League of Cities. The most common action by local governments was changing administrative procedures and implementing policies aimed at prevention or “flattening the curve”. The general public was the most common population target. In addition to detailing the most common local action types, policy areas, and population targets, we analyze local response based on the autonomy granted to local governments by states. We expected local governments with greater levels of autonomy would have a greater level of response; however, some local governments did not ‘behave’ as expected based on their degree of policymaking autonomy granted by state governments. Some states with higher levels of autonomy enacted relatively few local actions in response to the pandemic, whereas some with little autonomy engaged in considerable activity to address COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"165 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45088594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1177/0160323X221089639
S. Larson
In 2020, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security identified white supremacists as the most lethal threat in America. White supremacy is a system rooted in racist policies and ideas that produce and normalize racial inequities. Combatting white supremacism thus requires identification and promotion of antiracist policies, actions, and systemic changes. This study constructs an Antiracist Index comprised of 15 indicators to assess the degree to which American states exhibit antiracist conditions across political, economic, and cultural dimensions. Indices are rank-ordered for all 50 states, from Very High to Very Low scores. Results demonstrate that three indicators—self-defense laws, gun ownership, and support for Black Lives Matter—primarily impact both high and low ranking states. The Antiracism Index thus serves as an exploratory assessment tool which enables state-by-state comparisons, identification of antiracist indicators, and the ability to monitor changes in racism and antiracism moving forward.
{"title":"An Antiracist Index for State Level Assessment","authors":"S. Larson","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221089639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221089639","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security identified white supremacists as the most lethal threat in America. White supremacy is a system rooted in racist policies and ideas that produce and normalize racial inequities. Combatting white supremacism thus requires identification and promotion of antiracist policies, actions, and systemic changes. This study constructs an Antiracist Index comprised of 15 indicators to assess the degree to which American states exhibit antiracist conditions across political, economic, and cultural dimensions. Indices are rank-ordered for all 50 states, from Very High to Very Low scores. Results demonstrate that three indicators—self-defense laws, gun ownership, and support for Black Lives Matter—primarily impact both high and low ranking states. The Antiracism Index thus serves as an exploratory assessment tool which enables state-by-state comparisons, identification of antiracist indicators, and the ability to monitor changes in racism and antiracism moving forward.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"236 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45122838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1177/0160323X221081515
J. Musso, C. Weare, J. W. Stanley
This paper presents an exploratory case study of a performance-based intergovernmental grant program, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) homeless assistance grants to local Continuums of Care (CoC). The goal is to illuminate the mechanisms by which a federal agency may communicate its priority goals to local grant recipients and seek to promote local actions that further those goals. The mixed-methods case study finds that meeting HUD performance targets does not lead to larger awards in the competitive grant process, casting doubt on the strength of incentives provided by the competitive grants. Nevertheless, the grant making process plays an important role in communicating federal priorities. The system performance metrics emphasized in the grant process coupled with targeted technical assistance appear to promote a focus on performance at the local level and play a role in system reform and capacity building.
{"title":"Accountability and Collaboration for Intergovernmental Performance Management: Communicating Goals through the HUD Grantmaking Process","authors":"J. Musso, C. Weare, J. W. Stanley","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221081515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221081515","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an exploratory case study of a performance-based intergovernmental grant program, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) homeless assistance grants to local Continuums of Care (CoC). The goal is to illuminate the mechanisms by which a federal agency may communicate its priority goals to local grant recipients and seek to promote local actions that further those goals. The mixed-methods case study finds that meeting HUD performance targets does not lead to larger awards in the competitive grant process, casting doubt on the strength of incentives provided by the competitive grants. Nevertheless, the grant making process plays an important role in communicating federal priorities. The system performance metrics emphasized in the grant process coupled with targeted technical assistance appear to promote a focus on performance at the local level and play a role in system reform and capacity building.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"256 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44308123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1177/0160323x221084751
David N. Ammons
Considerable research on performance management at all levels of government, including state and local, has been published in recent years. Much of this work has attempted to describe or explain various aspects of the performance management phenomenon, including conditions associated with adoption, the motives and reactions of various actors, and perceptions about success or failure. This is research about performance management in state and local government. A smaller set of research, because it addresses in a utilitarian way the performance management options of state and local government practitioners, comprises the subset of performance management research for state and local government. Performance management researchers could perform a great service for state and local government if a larger portion of their research tested the efficacy of performance management in the public sector and, if efficacy is confirmed, identified the factors associated with its success.
{"title":"Performance Management Research for State and Local Government: Where It Should Go Next","authors":"David N. Ammons","doi":"10.1177/0160323x221084751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x221084751","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable research on performance management at all levels of government, including state and local, has been published in recent years. Much of this work has attempted to describe or explain various aspects of the performance management phenomenon, including conditions associated with adoption, the motives and reactions of various actors, and perceptions about success or failure. This is research about performance management in state and local government. A smaller set of research, because it addresses in a utilitarian way the performance management options of state and local government practitioners, comprises the subset of performance management research for state and local government. Performance management researchers could perform a great service for state and local government if a larger portion of their research tested the efficacy of performance management in the public sector and, if efficacy is confirmed, identified the factors associated with its success.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"195 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42999675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323x221091909
{"title":"Welcome to New Editorial Board Members for 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0160323x221091909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x221091909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"5 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45376790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X221088017
Ruth Puttick, Lisa Fiedler, Jennifer Park
Understanding why cities are leaders in data-driven local government can help diffuse best practices to support better decision-making and improve government services. This study surveyed US local government professionals and generated a new practitioner-led definition of data-driven local government and it identified the opinion leader cities viewed as exemplars in their use of data. To our knowledge, this study is the first practitioner-generated definition of data-driven local government and the first depiction of a local government network of data-driven efforts.
{"title":"Diffusion of Data-Driven Practices: How the Opinion Leading U.S. Cities are Advancing the use of Data in Local Government","authors":"Ruth Puttick, Lisa Fiedler, Jennifer Park","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221088017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221088017","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding why cities are leaders in data-driven local government can help diffuse best practices to support better decision-making and improve government services. This study surveyed US local government professionals and generated a new practitioner-led definition of data-driven local government and it identified the opinion leader cities viewed as exemplars in their use of data. To our knowledge, this study is the first practitioner-generated definition of data-driven local government and the first depiction of a local government network of data-driven efforts.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"52 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49427222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X221087909
Thaneshwar Bhusal
This observational study of local government coordination brings fresh assessment of institutions and processes of District Coordination Committees (DCCs) in facilitating horizontal coordination across local governments and vertical coordination between federal, provincial, and local governments in Nepal. Necessary qualitative data – observational notes, interview transcripts and selected official publications – were generated based on researcher's two year's professional experience at the DCC in a remote district of Rasuwa in Nepal. Analysis is conducted in line with what John Halligan (2020) has explained as analytical elements of horizontal and vertical coordination. Findings suggest that although DCCs seem less effective local institutions in fostering both horizontal and vertical coordination, they are increasingly providing the most plausible avenues for politicians, administrators, and ordinary people to get together in materialising the constitutional thirst to implement cooperative federalism in Nepal.
{"title":"Understanding Local Government Coordination: An Assessment of District Coordination Committees in Nepal","authors":"Thaneshwar Bhusal","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221087909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221087909","url":null,"abstract":"This observational study of local government coordination brings fresh assessment of institutions and processes of District Coordination Committees (DCCs) in facilitating horizontal coordination across local governments and vertical coordination between federal, provincial, and local governments in Nepal. Necessary qualitative data – observational notes, interview transcripts and selected official publications – were generated based on researcher's two year's professional experience at the DCC in a remote district of Rasuwa in Nepal. Analysis is conducted in line with what John Halligan (2020) has explained as analytical elements of horizontal and vertical coordination. Findings suggest that although DCCs seem less effective local institutions in fostering both horizontal and vertical coordination, they are increasingly providing the most plausible avenues for politicians, administrators, and ordinary people to get together in materialising the constitutional thirst to implement cooperative federalism in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"68 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45279548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323X221089945
V. Williams, Jacob Gottlieb, Tina R. Lee
Over the last few years, the American polity has abandoned civility and increasingly resorted to anger, vitriol and violence rather than dialog to share their problems and express differences. Dr. Michael McCullough, a psychology professor at the University of Miami, argues civility is crucial for maintaining orderliness in a society wherein the absence of civility there is anarchy and disorder — resulting in a broken society (Gutierrez 2018). In a 2019 survey, 93 percent of Americans identified incivility as a problem and 68 percent as a major problem (Shandwick 2019). Local officials work at the level of government most connected to the people they serve, and with that comes great honor but also great challenge. In today’s hostile political climate, local officials have been increasingly exposed to uncivil incidences that have escalated into harassment, threats and violence (Table 1). A recent report by the National League of Cities (NLC) indicated that 81 percent of surveyed local public officials have experienced harassment, threats and violence, with social media, other online forums and city meetings (in-person or online) being the most common venues local officials endure this behavior (Anthony et al. 2021). NLC also reported that 87 percent of surveyed local public officials have observed an increase in attacks during their time in office (Anthony et al. 2021). Multiple local officials surveyed by NLC anecdotally shared that while harassment, threats and violence had been heightened for a few years, this behavior got dramatically worse since the start of the pandemic (Anthony et al. 2021). The harassment, threats and violence local officials endure most commonly manifests online or at public meetings (Anthony et al. 2021). In Georgia, Karen Watkins, Gwinnett County School Board’s vice chair, received threats during a public meeting in May over the school board’s masking requirements where she was told that her constituents “are coming for [her]” (Kamenetz 2021). However, these incidences have increasingly moved from city and town halls to the front lawns of local officials. Also in Georgia, two local election workers, Ruby Freeman and Wandrea Moss were pressured to make false claims of voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election. After refusing to lie, a far-right media outlet spread conspiracies about the two women that resulted in a mob surrounding their house (Szep and So 2021). While many local leaders believe that the surge in harassment, threats and violence they
在过去的几年里，美国的政体已经抛弃了文明，越来越多地诉诸愤怒、尖刻和暴力，而不是通过对话来分享问题和表达分歧。迈阿密大学心理学教授迈克尔·麦卡洛博士认为，文明对于维持社会秩序至关重要，在社会中，缺乏文明就会出现无政府状态和混乱，从而导致社会破裂(Gutierrez 2018)。在2019年的一项调查中，93%的美国人认为不礼貌是一个问题，68%的人认为这是一个主要问题(Shandwick 2019)。地方官员在与他们所服务的人民关系最密切的政府一级工作，这带来了巨大的荣誉，但也带来了巨大的挑战。在当今充满敌意的政治气候下，地方官员越来越多地暴露于不文明事件中，这些事件已升级为骚扰、威胁和暴力(表1)。全国城市联盟(NLC)最近的一份报告表明，81%的受访地方公职人员经历过社交媒体的骚扰、威胁和暴力。其他在线论坛和城市会议(面对面或在线)是当地官员忍受这种行为的最常见场所(Anthony et al. 2021)。NLC还报告称，87%的受访地方公职人员在任职期间发现攻击事件有所增加(Anthony et al. 2021)。NLC调查的多名地方官员轶事地分享说，虽然骚扰、威胁和暴力已经加剧了几年，但自大流行开始以来，这种行为急剧恶化(Anthony et al. 2021)。地方官员遭受的骚扰、威胁和暴力最常在网上或公开会议上表现出来(Anthony et al. 2021)。在佐治亚州，格威内特县学校董事会副主席凯伦·沃特金斯(Karen Watkins)在5月份的一次公开会议上因学校董事会的蒙面要求而受到威胁，她被告知她的选民“正在为[她]而来”(Kamenetz 2021)。然而，这些事件越来越多地从城市和市政厅转移到地方官员的前草坪。同样在格鲁吉亚，两名当地选举工作人员鲁比·弗里曼和万德里亚·莫斯受到压力，谎称2020年总统选举中存在选民欺诈。在拒绝撒谎后，一家极右翼媒体传播了关于这两个女人的阴谋，导致一群暴徒围住了他们的房子(塞普和So 2021)。尽管许多地方领导人认为，骚扰、威胁和暴力事件的激增
{"title":"Declining Civility and Growing Political Violence at the Local Level: A Threat to American Democracy","authors":"V. Williams, Jacob Gottlieb, Tina R. Lee","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221089945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221089945","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few years, the American polity has abandoned civility and increasingly resorted to anger, vitriol and violence rather than dialog to share their problems and express differences. Dr. Michael McCullough, a psychology professor at the University of Miami, argues civility is crucial for maintaining orderliness in a society wherein the absence of civility there is anarchy and disorder — resulting in a broken society (Gutierrez 2018). In a 2019 survey, 93 percent of Americans identified incivility as a problem and 68 percent as a major problem (Shandwick 2019). Local officials work at the level of government most connected to the people they serve, and with that comes great honor but also great challenge. In today’s hostile political climate, local officials have been increasingly exposed to uncivil incidences that have escalated into harassment, threats and violence (Table 1). A recent report by the National League of Cities (NLC) indicated that 81 percent of surveyed local public officials have experienced harassment, threats and violence, with social media, other online forums and city meetings (in-person or online) being the most common venues local officials endure this behavior (Anthony et al. 2021). NLC also reported that 87 percent of surveyed local public officials have observed an increase in attacks during their time in office (Anthony et al. 2021). Multiple local officials surveyed by NLC anecdotally shared that while harassment, threats and violence had been heightened for a few years, this behavior got dramatically worse since the start of the pandemic (Anthony et al. 2021). The harassment, threats and violence local officials endure most commonly manifests online or at public meetings (Anthony et al. 2021). In Georgia, Karen Watkins, Gwinnett County School Board’s vice chair, received threats during a public meeting in May over the school board’s masking requirements where she was told that her constituents “are coming for [her]” (Kamenetz 2021). However, these incidences have increasingly moved from city and town halls to the front lawns of local officials. Also in Georgia, two local election workers, Ruby Freeman and Wandrea Moss were pressured to make false claims of voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election. After refusing to lie, a far-right media outlet spread conspiracies about the two women that resulted in a mob surrounding their house (Szep and So 2021). While many local leaders believe that the surge in harassment, threats and violence they","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"7 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45618457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0160323x221092077
Kimberly L. Nelson, E. Zeemering
{"title":"SLGR – The Year Behind, the Year Ahead","authors":"Kimberly L. Nelson, E. Zeemering","doi":"10.1177/0160323x221092077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x221092077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48660008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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