Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.07.002
Wenxiang Zhai , Yijing Zhong , Wei Zhang , Zechun Ren , Tong Ji , Kejiao Ding , Song Chen , Xinli Wei , Liping Cai , Changlei Xia , Min Xu
The development of yarn-free cellulose fibers from natural biomass provides a low-energy and environmentally conscious alternative for producing functional textiles. This study introduced a method for producing yarn-free cellulose fibers from the bast of Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry), a fast-growing plant that does not require pesticides. The fibers were extracted using a mild alkaline treatment that preserved their alignment and allowed them to be knitted directly without traditional spinning. A coating of suberin, obtained from cork bark waste (Quercus variabilis), was applied using ethanol dispersion and fixed by heating at 110 °C. The coating improved the fiber’s antibacterial performance, moisture response, and mechanical strength (tensile strength: 0.43 GPa; Young’s modulus: 6.4 GPa), while keeping the material flexible and washable. The suberin layer could be removed and reused through a recycling process involving ionic liquids, allowing over 95% recovery after multiple cycles. A life cycle assessment showed that this fiber system had a lower environmental impact compared to conventional synthetic textile fibers. Overall, this work provided a practical and recyclable approach to making functional textiles from natural plant materials.
{"title":"Biofunctional cellulose fibers from mulberry bast via suberin nanointerface engineering","authors":"Wenxiang Zhai , Yijing Zhong , Wei Zhang , Zechun Ren , Tong Ji , Kejiao Ding , Song Chen , Xinli Wei , Liping Cai , Changlei Xia , Min Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of yarn-free cellulose fibers from natural biomass provides a low-energy and environmentally conscious alternative for producing functional textiles. This study introduced a method for producing yarn-free cellulose fibers from the bast of <em>Broussonetia papyrifera</em> (paper mulberry), a fast-growing plant that does not require pesticides. The fibers were extracted using a mild alkaline treatment that preserved their alignment and allowed them to be knitted directly without traditional spinning. A coating of suberin, obtained from cork bark waste (<em>Quercus variabilis</em>), was applied using ethanol dispersion and fixed by heating at 110 °C. The coating improved the fiber’s antibacterial performance, moisture response, and mechanical strength (tensile strength: 0.43 GPa; Young’s modulus: 6.4 GPa), while keeping the material flexible and washable. The suberin layer could be removed and reused through a recycling process involving ionic liquids, allowing over 95% recovery after multiple cycles. A life cycle assessment showed that this fiber system had a lower environmental impact compared to conventional synthetic textile fibers. Overall, this work provided a practical and recyclable approach to making functional textiles from natural plant materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 589-600"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.10.001
Shuang Qi , Hui Yang , Tian Fang , Tingwei Zhang , Bo Jiang , Sehrish Manan , Chaofeng Zhang , Peng Wang , Caoxing Huang , Wenjuan Wu , Yongcan Jin
Lignin, a natural and renewable aromatic biopolymer, has gained attention in various biomedical applications due to its diverse structure, excellent biocompatibility, and antioxidant activity. However, the effects of lignin with tailored molecular weight on treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain largely unexplored. In this study, a series of heterogeneous natural phenolic kraft lignin (KL) with tailored molecular weights, derived through an anti-sugar strategy, were prepared by continuous fractionation. The lignin fractions were categorized as F1, F2, and F3, corresponding to high, medium, and low molecular weights, respectively. Their therapeutic effects on T2DM were evaluated using a fractionated lignin culture cell model and intravenous injection into the tail vein of diabetic rats. The results demonstrated that lignin's protective effects in attenuating T2DM progression were molecular weight-dependent. Specifically, F3 reduced fasting blood glucose, reversed insulin resistance, and improved insulin sensitivity by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Mechanistic investigations revealed that F3 positively regulated glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis, and enhanced hepatic glycogen synthesis by activating the insulin receptor substrate 1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (IRS1/PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Results revealed that lignin exerts its therapeutic effects on T2DM in a molecular weight-dependent manner, with IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling as a potential underlying mechanism. This highlights lignin with a defined molecular weight as a promising candidate for T2DM treatment.
{"title":"Antioxidative lignin materials attenuate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression by preserving glutathione via insulin receptor substrate 1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (IRS1/PI3K/AKT) axis","authors":"Shuang Qi , Hui Yang , Tian Fang , Tingwei Zhang , Bo Jiang , Sehrish Manan , Chaofeng Zhang , Peng Wang , Caoxing Huang , Wenjuan Wu , Yongcan Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin, a natural and renewable aromatic biopolymer, has gained attention in various biomedical applications due to its diverse structure, excellent biocompatibility, and antioxidant activity. However, the effects of lignin with tailored molecular weight on treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain largely unexplored. In this study, a series of heterogeneous natural phenolic kraft lignin (KL) with tailored molecular weights, derived through an anti-sugar strategy, were prepared by continuous fractionation. The lignin fractions were categorized as F1, F2, and F3, corresponding to high, medium, and low molecular weights, respectively. Their therapeutic effects on T2DM were evaluated using a fractionated lignin culture cell model and intravenous injection into the tail vein of diabetic rats. The results demonstrated that lignin's protective effects in attenuating T2DM progression were molecular weight-dependent. Specifically, F3 reduced fasting blood glucose, reversed insulin resistance, and improved insulin sensitivity by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Mechanistic investigations revealed that F3 positively regulated glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis, and enhanced hepatic glycogen synthesis by activating the insulin receptor substrate 1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (IRS1/PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Results revealed that lignin exerts its therapeutic effects on T2DM in a molecular weight-dependent manner, with IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling as a potential underlying mechanism. This highlights lignin with a defined molecular weight as a promising candidate for T2DM treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 631-647"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ionogels, a newly emerging type of gel material, are considered the most attractive candidate for constructing the next-generation ionotronic devices in the Internet of Things era. However, building robust and sustainable ionogels toward high-performance ionotronic devices in broad scenarios remains a huge challenge. Herein, a mechanically robust cellulose ionogel (RCI) via the facile “catalyst-free” yet chemically cross-linked engineering of cellulose molecules was developed. More specifically, ionic liquid, a typical cellulose solvent, and an ion-conductive component of cellulose ionogel were employed to afford the proton and replace the conventional, additional chemical catalyst, which indeed triggers the chemical reactions between cellulose and glutaraldehyde molecules, and thus creates the chemical-bonded, robust cellulose network of RCI. The prepared RCI (0.4 g glutaraldehyde to 0.6 g cellulose) demonstrated surprisingly high strength of ∼11 MPa with 1 000% improvement and toughness of 2.8 MJ/m3 with 700% increase compared to the original cellulose ionogel (CI), as well as acceptable conductivity of 29.1 ms/cm, surpassing most ionogel materials. Such RCI easily constructed versatile ionotronic devices with unexpected voltage-pressure sensitivity, wide-range loading, and linear and steady-state output for self-powered, body motion, human health, and Morse-code information communication applications. The catalyst-free engineering paves the way toward easy-to-prepare, robust, and promising ionogels in our sustainable society, beyond the cellulose material.
{"title":"Catalyst-free engineered robust cellulose ionogel for high-performance ionotronic devices","authors":"Jiawei Yang, Qingyuan Li, Shengchang Lu, Hui Wu, Liulian Huang, Lihui Chen, Jianguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionogels, a newly emerging type of gel material, are considered the most attractive candidate for constructing the next-generation ionotronic devices in the Internet of Things era. However, building robust and sustainable ionogels toward high-performance ionotronic devices in broad scenarios remains a huge challenge. Herein, a mechanically robust cellulose ionogel (RCI) via the facile “catalyst-free” yet chemically cross-linked engineering of cellulose molecules was developed. More specifically, ionic liquid, a typical cellulose solvent, and an ion-conductive component of cellulose ionogel were employed to afford the proton and replace the conventional, additional chemical catalyst, which indeed triggers the chemical reactions between cellulose and glutaraldehyde molecules, and thus creates the chemical-bonded, robust cellulose network of RCI. The prepared RCI (0.4 g glutaraldehyde to 0.6 g cellulose) demonstrated surprisingly high strength of ∼11 MPa with 1 000% improvement and toughness of 2.8 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> with 700% increase compared to the original cellulose ionogel (CI), as well as acceptable conductivity of 29.1 ms/cm, surpassing most ionogel materials. Such RCI easily constructed versatile ionotronic devices with unexpected voltage-pressure sensitivity, wide-range loading, and linear and steady-state output for self-powered, body motion, human health, and Morse-code information communication applications. The catalyst-free engineering paves the way toward easy-to-prepare, robust, and promising ionogels in our sustainable society, beyond the cellulose material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 601-615"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.09.004
Jinpeng Zhu, Yunhao Lu, Yumeng Xia, Qiang He
Capsaicin (CAP) faces limitations in its widespread application due to its low bioaccessibility. Pickering emulsions based on legume proteins are efficient for encapsulating bioactive compounds, but poor solubility and environmental sensitivity of proteins undermine emulsion stability. To tackle these challenges, this study developed a novel Pickering emulsion by using cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and chickpea protein isolate (CPI) for efficient CAP delivery. The combination of CPI and CNF at a ratio of 20꞉1 (w/w) exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (70.90% ± 1.66%) and sustained release properties during in vitro digestion, thereby enhancing CAP bioaccessibility from 39.40% ± 2.33% to 81.54% ± 1.95%. Notably, CNF also enhanced emulsion stability through enhanced hydrogen bonding, reduced droplet size (589.51 ± 47.08 nm), and increased hydrophobicity (contact angle: 85.83° ± 1.20°). Comprehensive characterization revealed that the incorporation of CNF significantly improved the colloidal properties of the emulsion, including its rheological behavior and thermal stability. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that the enhanced encapsulation capability was attributed to the formation of stable hydrogen-bonding networks between CNF and CPI. Moreover, CAP is bound with CPI through synergistic hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, with Arginine-179 identified as the key residue for binding (binding free energy:10.46 kJ/mol). These findings offer valuable insights into the development of plant-based nanocarrier systems and highlight the potential of CNF-legume protein complexes in the delivery of bioactive compounds.
{"title":"Cellulose nanofibrils-stabilized legume protein-based pickering emulsions for capsaicin delivery: Fabrication, characterization, and encapsulation mechanism exploration","authors":"Jinpeng Zhu, Yunhao Lu, Yumeng Xia, Qiang He","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capsaicin (CAP) faces limitations in its widespread application due to its low bioaccessibility. Pickering emulsions based on legume proteins are efficient for encapsulating bioactive compounds, but poor solubility and environmental sensitivity of proteins undermine emulsion stability. To tackle these challenges, this study developed a novel Pickering emulsion by using cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and chickpea protein isolate (CPI) for efficient CAP delivery. The combination of CPI and CNF at a ratio of 20꞉1 (<em>w/w</em>) exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (70.90% ± 1.66%) and sustained release properties during in vitro digestion, thereby enhancing CAP bioaccessibility from 39.40% ± 2.33% to 81.54% ± 1.95%. Notably, CNF also enhanced emulsion stability through enhanced hydrogen bonding, reduced droplet size (589.51 ± 47.08 nm), and increased hydrophobicity (contact angle: 85.83° ± 1.20°). Comprehensive characterization revealed that the incorporation of CNF significantly improved the colloidal properties of the emulsion, including its rheological behavior and thermal stability. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that the enhanced encapsulation capability was attributed to the formation of stable hydrogen-bonding networks between CNF and CPI. Moreover, CAP is bound with CPI through synergistic hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, with Arginine-179 identified as the key residue for binding (binding free energy:10.46 kJ/mol). These findings offer valuable insights into the development of plant-based nanocarrier systems and highlight the potential of CNF-legume protein complexes in the delivery of bioactive compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 560-575"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.003
Yongjin Wang , Wei Bao , Hanyu Li , Lei Fang , Hongguo Gao , Kuanjun Fang
Lyocell is a type of regenerated cellulose fiber with an eco-friendly production process and desirable properties. However, it is susceptible to fibrillation, which often results in pilling and diminished color appearance after laundering. Conventional anti-fibrillation methods are plagued by drawbacks such as significant strength loss, low utilization rates, formaldehyde release, and yellowing. To overcome these challenges, we developed an innovative approach involving the treatment of lyocell fibers with a cationic modifier (CM), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), followed by the application of anionic polyacrylic acid emulsions (AEs). The effects of AE concentration, curing temperature, and curing time on anti-fibrillation performance were systematically evaluated. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses, we demonstrated that the anionic latex was effectively adsorbed onto the CM-treated fiber surface via electrostatic interactions. Upon curing, a discontinuous film formed on the fiber surface, which hindered water penetration and enhanced lateral cohesion between microfibrils under wet conditions. As a result, the modified fabrics exhibited markedly improved anti-fibrillation performance without compromising mechanical properties or whiteness. Furthermore, the air permeability of wet fabrics increased by 46.4%, and dyeing properties and glossiness were markedly enhanced. The results also indicate that this treatment has good abrasion resistance and durability. This study introduces a sustainable strategy for achieving multifunctional performance and green dyeability in cellulose textiles, thereby expanding their potential applications.
{"title":"Sustainable anti-fibrillation and multifunction enhancement of lyocell fabric via electrostatic adsorption and discontinuous membrane formation","authors":"Yongjin Wang , Wei Bao , Hanyu Li , Lei Fang , Hongguo Gao , Kuanjun Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lyocell is a type of regenerated cellulose fiber with an eco-friendly production process and desirable properties. However, it is susceptible to fibrillation, which often results in pilling and diminished color appearance after laundering. Conventional anti-fibrillation methods are plagued by drawbacks such as significant strength loss, low utilization rates, formaldehyde release, and yellowing. To overcome these challenges, we developed an innovative approach involving the treatment of lyocell fibers with a cationic modifier (CM), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), followed by the application of anionic polyacrylic acid emulsions (AEs). The effects of AE concentration, curing temperature, and curing time on anti-fibrillation performance were systematically evaluated. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses, we demonstrated that the anionic latex was effectively adsorbed onto the CM-treated fiber surface via electrostatic interactions. Upon curing, a discontinuous film formed on the fiber surface, which hindered water penetration and enhanced lateral cohesion between microfibrils under wet conditions. As a result, the modified fabrics exhibited markedly improved anti-fibrillation performance without compromising mechanical properties or whiteness. Furthermore, the air permeability of wet fabrics increased by 46.4%, and dyeing properties and glossiness were markedly enhanced. The results also indicate that this treatment has good abrasion resistance and durability. This study introduces a sustainable strategy for achieving multifunctional performance and green dyeability in cellulose textiles, thereby expanding their potential applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 576-588"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.004
Xin Wang , Yang Liu , Shiyu Luo , Baojie Liu , Shuangquan Yao , Chengrong Qin , Shuangfei Wang , Chen Liang
Understanding the differences in the chemical structures of important components in different bamboo tissues is crucial for maximizing bamboo utilization and biorefining bamboo resources. Hemicellulose and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) were extracted from bamboo green, bamboo core, and bamboo yellow tissues by using the alkali-leaching method, and the chemical composition, thermal stability, dissolution process, and structural characteristics were analyzed. The extraction yield of hemicelluloses followed the order: bamboo yellow > bamboo core > bamboo green. Hemicelluloses extracted from bamboo green mainly originated from the secondary wall (S-layer) of the fiber cells and parenchyma cell walls, while those from the bamboo core and yellow mainly originated from the inner S-layer and outer S-layer of the fiber cells, as well as the parenchyma cell walls. The LCCs from bamboo core and bamboo yellow contained a large number of type I phenyl glycoside (PhGlc1) bonds, which mainly originated from the parenchyma cell walls of these tissues. These findings provide data on the structural differences between carbohydrate components in green, core, and yellow bamboo, offering valuable guidance for the high-value utilization of different bamboo tissues.
{"title":"Structural characteristics of hemicelluloses and lignin-carbohydrate complexes in alkaline-extracted bamboo green, core, and yellow","authors":"Xin Wang , Yang Liu , Shiyu Luo , Baojie Liu , Shuangquan Yao , Chengrong Qin , Shuangfei Wang , Chen Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the differences in the chemical structures of important components in different bamboo tissues is crucial for maximizing bamboo utilization and biorefining bamboo resources. Hemicellulose and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) were extracted from bamboo green, bamboo core, and bamboo yellow tissues by using the alkali-leaching method, and the chemical composition, thermal stability, dissolution process, and structural characteristics were analyzed. The extraction yield of hemicelluloses followed the order: bamboo yellow > bamboo core > bamboo green. Hemicelluloses extracted from bamboo green mainly originated from the secondary wall (S-layer) of the fiber cells and parenchyma cell walls, while those from the bamboo core and yellow mainly originated from the inner S-layer and outer S-layer of the fiber cells, as well as the parenchyma cell walls. The LCCs from bamboo core and bamboo yellow contained a large number of type I phenyl glycoside (PhGlc<sub>1</sub>) bonds, which mainly originated from the parenchyma cell walls of these tissues. These findings provide data on the structural differences between carbohydrate components in green, core, and yellow bamboo, offering valuable guidance for the high-value utilization of different bamboo tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 386-396"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.002
Xin Duan , Huanxin Huo , Hongshan Li , Yihong Gao , Haoran Shi , Feng Kuang , Yumeng Chen , Jianyong Wan , Jingjie Shen , Guanben Du , Long Yang
The bamboo fiber functionalized with phthalic anhydride underwent carbonization, yielding bamboo cellulose-derived carbon nanomaterials (C-BCN). These C-BCN were subsequently integrated into an acrylamide precursor solution to synthesize an ultra-robust, fatigue-resistant conductive hydrogel (PAM-C-BCN). During in situ polymerization, the abundant active sites on the C-BCN surface facilitated covalent cross-linking with the polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix. This interfacial interaction promoted strong adhesion between the PAM chains and the carbon nanostructures, forming a densely interpenetrated network through macromolecular entanglement. The synergistic coupling of the rigid C-BCN framework with the flexible polymer chains conferred exceptional mechanical resilience and energy dissipation capabilities to the composite hydrogel. Compared to the PAM hydrogel, the PAM-C-BCN hydrogel exhibited an improvement in mechanical properties, with a fracture strength of 363 kPa (a 2.5% increase), an elongation of approximately 2 254% (a 2.0% increase), a fracture energy of 30 kJ/m2 (a 3.1% increase), and a toughness of 3.04 MJ/m3 (a 4.1% increase). Moreover, PAM-C-BCN hydrogel demonstrated high adhesion (up to 7.5 kPa on pigskin) and conductivity (0.21 S/m). This strategy required neither complex design nor processing, offering a simple and efficient approach with great potential for hydrogel applications requiring high mechanical performance. At the crack tip of PAM-C-BCN hydrogel, C-BCN exhibited superior crack propagation resistance compared to SiO2 nanoparticles. Importantly, this strategy offered valuable insights for developing tough and stretchable hydrogels.
将邻苯二酸酐功能化的竹纤维进行炭化处理，得到竹纤维素碳纳米材料（C-BCN）。这些C-BCN随后被整合到丙烯酰胺前体溶液中，合成了一种超坚固、抗疲劳的导电水凝胶（PAM-C-BCN）。在原位聚合过程中，C-BCN表面丰富的活性位点促进了与聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）基体的共价交联。这种界面相互作用促进了PAM链与碳纳米结构之间的强粘附，通过大分子纠缠形成密集的互穿网络。刚性C-BCN框架与柔性聚合物链的协同耦合赋予复合水凝胶卓越的机械弹性和能量耗散能力。与PAM水凝胶相比，PAM- c - bcn水凝胶的力学性能得到改善，断裂强度为363 kPa（提高2.5%），伸长率约为2 254%（提高2.0%），断裂能为30 kJ/m2（提高3.1%），韧性为3.04 MJ/m3（提高4.1%）。此外，PAM-C-BCN水凝胶在猪皮上具有高粘附性（高达7.5 kPa）和导电性（0.21 S/m）。该策略既不需要复杂的设计也不需要加工，为需要高机械性能的水凝胶应用提供了简单有效的方法。在PAM-C-BCN水凝胶的裂纹尖端，C-BCN表现出优于SiO2纳米颗粒的抗裂纹扩展能力。重要的是，该策略为开发坚韧和可拉伸的水凝胶提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Fabricating ultra-robust hydrogels with adhesive properties by restraining crack propagation with bamboo cellulose-based carbon nanomaterials","authors":"Xin Duan , Huanxin Huo , Hongshan Li , Yihong Gao , Haoran Shi , Feng Kuang , Yumeng Chen , Jianyong Wan , Jingjie Shen , Guanben Du , Long Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bamboo fiber functionalized with phthalic anhydride underwent carbonization, yielding bamboo cellulose-derived carbon nanomaterials (C-BCN). These C-BCN were subsequently integrated into an acrylamide precursor solution to synthesize an ultra-robust, fatigue-resistant conductive hydrogel (PAM-C-BCN). During in situ polymerization, the abundant active sites on the C-BCN surface facilitated covalent cross-linking with the polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix. This interfacial interaction promoted strong adhesion between the PAM chains and the carbon nanostructures, forming a densely interpenetrated network through macromolecular entanglement. The synergistic coupling of the rigid C-BCN framework with the flexible polymer chains conferred exceptional mechanical resilience and energy dissipation capabilities to the composite hydrogel. Compared to the PAM hydrogel, the PAM-C-BCN hydrogel exhibited an improvement in mechanical properties, with a fracture strength of 363 kPa (a 2.5% increase), an elongation of approximately 2 254% (a 2.0% increase), a fracture energy of 30 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> (a 3.1% increase), and a toughness of 3.04 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> (a 4.1% increase). Moreover, PAM-C-BCN hydrogel demonstrated high adhesion (up to 7.5 kPa on pigskin) and conductivity (0.21 S/m). This strategy required neither complex design nor processing, offering a simple and efficient approach with great potential for hydrogel applications requiring high mechanical performance. At the crack tip of PAM-C-BCN hydrogel, C-BCN exhibited superior crack propagation resistance compared to SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Importantly, this strategy offered valuable insights for developing tough and stretchable hydrogels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 360-372"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.001
Eva Pasquier, Jost Ruwoldt
Derived from renewable resources, cellulose based materials are gaining new importance due to their recyclability and biodegradability. Still, one fundamental challenge is their high sensitivity to water. The addition of wet strength agents (WSA) is hence necessary to maintain strength and integrity in humid or wet conditions. In this article, technical lignin was used as WSA in bleached kraft pulp, which was thermopressed to materials with the potential to replace plastics. Cationic starch or a cationic flocculant (PCB 20) was used as a retention aid during the filtration process. The effect of moisture during thermopressing and lignin particle size were also studied. The results showed that elevated moisture during pressing had the biggest impact both on dry and wet strength. Wet strength (tensile test), up to 9 MPa, and wet strength retention, up to 12 %, were obtained when moisture was present during pressing. However, the type of flocculant and the size of the lignin particles also had a limited effect on the strength. Wet strength improvement was most probably due to the plasticization of lignin at high temperatures, which was further aided by water. The cellulose-lignin network was strengthened by the melting of lignin, consolidating the network after cooling. The wet stiffness of the cellulose substrates was also increased from 200 to 938 MPa in the presence of lignin, while the elongation was maintained and no embrittlement was observed. The results in this article might hence pave the way for new developments in molded pulp and cellulose based plastics replacement.
{"title":"Kraft lignin as wet-strength and wet-stiffness additives for molded pulp materials","authors":"Eva Pasquier, Jost Ruwoldt","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Derived from renewable resources, cellulose based materials are gaining new importance due to their recyclability and biodegradability. Still, one fundamental challenge is their high sensitivity to water. The addition of wet strength agents (WSA) is hence necessary to maintain strength and integrity in humid or wet conditions. In this article, technical lignin was used as WSA in bleached kraft pulp, which was thermopressed to materials with the potential to replace plastics. Cationic starch or a cationic flocculant (PCB 20) was used as a retention aid during the filtration process. The effect of moisture during thermopressing and lignin particle size were also studied. The results showed that elevated moisture during pressing had the biggest impact both on dry and wet strength. Wet strength (tensile test), up to 9 MPa, and wet strength retention, up to 12 %, were obtained when moisture was present during pressing. However, the type of flocculant and the size of the lignin particles also had a limited effect on the strength. Wet strength improvement was most probably due to the plasticization of lignin at high temperatures, which was further aided by water. The cellulose-lignin network was strengthened by the melting of lignin, consolidating the network after cooling. The wet stiffness of the cellulose substrates was also increased from 200 to 938 MPa in the presence of lignin, while the elongation was maintained and no embrittlement was observed. The results in this article might hence pave the way for new developments in molded pulp and cellulose based plastics replacement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 325-335"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.06.001
Zhaochuan Yu , Hao Wu , Xing Zhang , Yang Jiang , Chao Liu , Yuqian Liu , Farzad Seidi , Chao Deng
Despite the promising potential of smart bandages in wound care, the lack of effective integration among infection control, exudate management, and real-time wound monitoring remains a major obstacle in clinical application. Herein, neomycin (NEO)-grafted cellulose-based nonwovens (CNs) were used as the antibacterial network and blueberry extract (anthocyanin, AC) as the colorimetric additive to create the excellent dual network gel (DNG) bandage for smart bandages along with a polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofiber (PVA/CNFs) matrix. The aerogel bandage loaded with AC demonstrates a pH-sensitive color-changing response and high-efficiency free radical scavenging ability (all greater than 93.61%), enabling the in-situ monitoring of wound healing and inhibiting wound inflammation, while the nonwoven network grafted with NEO endows the aerogel composites with excellent antibacterial properties (>99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). In vivo evaluation using a S. aureus-infected full-thickness wound model in mice demonstrated that the DNG bandage significantly accelerated wound healing and improved tissue regeneration, outperforming commercial dressings. Furthermore, upon absorbing exudate, the aerogel converts into a hydrogel, providing efficient fluid absorption and preventing wound re-contamination, thereby achieving dynamic exudate management. Evidently, the DNG smart bandage is a promising management tool for the synergistic treatment of persistent wounds and introduces a fresh strategy for medical regenerative medicine.
{"title":"Antibacterial and biodegradable bandage with exudate absorption and smart monitoring for chronic wound management","authors":"Zhaochuan Yu , Hao Wu , Xing Zhang , Yang Jiang , Chao Liu , Yuqian Liu , Farzad Seidi , Chao Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the promising potential of smart bandages in wound care, the lack of effective integration among infection control, exudate management, and real-time wound monitoring remains a major obstacle in clinical application. Herein, neomycin (NEO)-grafted cellulose-based nonwovens (CNs) were used as the antibacterial network and blueberry extract (anthocyanin, AC) as the colorimetric additive to create the excellent dual network gel (DNG) bandage for smart bandages along with a polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofiber (PVA/CNFs) matrix. The aerogel bandage loaded with AC demonstrates a pH-sensitive color-changing response and high-efficiency free radical scavenging ability (all greater than 93.61%), enabling the in-situ monitoring of wound healing and inhibiting wound inflammation, while the nonwoven network grafted with NEO endows the aerogel composites with excellent antibacterial properties (>99% against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>). In vivo evaluation using a <em>S. aureus</em>-infected full-thickness wound model in mice demonstrated that the DNG bandage significantly accelerated wound healing and improved tissue regeneration, outperforming commercial dressings. Furthermore, upon absorbing exudate, the aerogel converts into a hydrogel, providing efficient fluid absorption and preventing wound re-contamination, thereby achieving dynamic exudate management. Evidently, the DNG smart bandage is a promising management tool for the synergistic treatment of persistent wounds and introduces a fresh strategy for medical regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 373-385"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.04.001
Muzamil Jalil Ahmed , Baohu Wu , Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer
Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was functionalised using a reactive ionic liquid monomer, i.e., glycidyltriethylammonium chloride (GTEAC), via chain-growth polymerisation, resulting in a novel cationic polyelectrolyte-grafted quaternised MFC (QMFC). The degree of quaternisation and maximum ion exchange capacity of the resulting QMFC were 2.13 mmol/g (i.e., 132 mg/g) and 1.51 mmol/g (i.e., 94 mg/g), respectively. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments confirmed the retention of monoclinic crystalline structure for cellulose I with the corresponding decrease in the degree of crystallinity from 85% to 56% and the increase in the spacing between cellulose crystallites by 35%. The presence of the amorphous and grafted polymers was confirmed by microscopy, thermal analysis, and water sorption experiments. QMFC filter cartridges were prepared and tested under dynamic flow conditions with a pressure of 0.2 MPa (retention time of 0.5 min). These cationic polyelectrolytes enhanced multi-site ion exchange interactions as evidenced by the Freundlich sorption isotherm. The QMFC filter cartridges demonstrated high anion removal efficiency values of 83.2%, 98.1%, and 94.9% for NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, and PO₄³⁻, respectively. This system achieved a process mass efficiency of 2.79, an E-factor of 1.97, and an energy efficiency score of 66.3, which conforms to the green chemistry principles and demonstrates high potential for sustainable water purification.
{"title":"Anion exchangers prepared from graft polymerisation of microfibrillated cellulose using the reactive ionic liquid","authors":"Muzamil Jalil Ahmed , Baohu Wu , Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was functionalised using a reactive ionic liquid monomer, <em>i.e.</em>, glycidyltriethylammonium chloride (GTEAC), via chain-growth polymerisation, resulting in a novel cationic polyelectrolyte-grafted quaternised MFC (QMFC). The degree of quaternisation and maximum ion exchange capacity of the resulting QMFC were 2.13 mmol/g (<em>i.e.</em>, 132 mg/g) and 1.51 mmol/g (<em>i.e.</em>, 94 mg/g), respectively. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments confirmed the retention of monoclinic crystalline structure for cellulose I with the corresponding decrease in the degree of crystallinity from 85% to 56% and the increase in the spacing between cellulose crystallites by 35%. The presence of the amorphous and grafted polymers was confirmed by microscopy, thermal analysis, and water sorption experiments. QMFC filter cartridges were prepared and tested under dynamic flow conditions with a pressure of 0.2 MPa (retention time of 0.5 min). These cationic polyelectrolytes enhanced multi-site ion exchange interactions as evidenced by the Freundlich sorption isotherm. The QMFC filter cartridges demonstrated high anion removal efficiency values of 83.2%, 98.1%, and 94.9% for NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, and PO₄³⁻, respectively. This system achieved a process mass efficiency of 2.79, an <em>E</em>-factor of 1.97, and an energy efficiency score of 66.3, which conforms to the green chemistry principles and demonstrates high potential for sustainable water purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 310-324"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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