Nanomanufacturing and Metrology最新文献

英文中文

Three-Dimensional Printing Applications in Food Industry 三维打印在食品工业中的应用

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010006

A. Leontiou, S. Georgopoulos, V. K. Karabagias, George Kehayias, Anastasios Karakassides, C. Salmas, A. Giannakas

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained increasing attention for its unique ability to create geometrically complex designs, which not only can be used for mass manufacturing but also has environmental and economic benefits. Additionally, as far as the food industry is concerned, this emerging technology has the potential to personalize products in terms of shape and/or nutritional requirements creating a wide range of food items with specially made shapes, colors, textures, tastes, and even nutrition using suitable raw materials/food components. In the future, 3D food printing could make complex food models with special interior design. This review gives attention to intelligent food packaging. Point-of-use machinery for manufacturing smart packaging, with a 3D printing approach, enables the use of multifunctional smart components and is self-identifying and highly sensitive, while using biocompatible non-toxic materials is cheaper than traditional manufacturing methods. This would create smart food packaging and in turn prevent customers from purchasing unsuitable food and thus reduce food waste. Future studies can make the process more compatible and efficient with a wide variety of materials that could be used to improve the 3D printing process.

三维(3D)打印因其独特的创造几何复杂设计的能力而受到越来越多的关注，它不仅可以用于大规模制造，而且具有环境和经济效益。此外，就食品行业而言，这种新兴技术有可能在形状和/或营养要求方面个性化产品，创造出各种具有特殊形状、颜色、质地、味道甚至营养的食品，使用合适的原材料/食品成分。未来，3D食品打印可以制作具有特殊内部设计的复杂食品模型。本文对智能食品包装进行了综述。用于制造智能包装的使用点机械，采用3D打印方法，可以使用多功能智能组件，具有自我识别和高度敏感性，同时使用生物相容性无毒材料比传统制造方法更便宜。这将创造智能食品包装，从而防止消费者购买不合适的食品，从而减少食品浪费。未来的研究可以使这一过程与各种各样的材料更加兼容和高效，这些材料可以用来改进3D打印过程。

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引用次数: 3

Design and Performance Study of an Ultrasonic Bone Scalpel with Composite Horn Structure 复合角结构超声骨刀的设计与性能研究

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00180-y

Jieping Wu, Yong Yang, Zhao Yang, Cong Chen, Shuai Huang

引用次数: 1

Facile and Economical Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Flexible Resistive Strain Sensors for Human Motion Detection 用于人体运动检测的超疏水柔性电阻应变传感器的简易经济制造

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00183-9

Yulin Shang, Bingzhen Zhang, Jiyu Liu, Chunwen Xia, Xiaowei Yang, Defeng Yan, Jing Sun

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of Statically Indeterminate Symmetric Flexure Structures 超静定对称弯曲结构的特性

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00181-x

Yanding Qin, Yue-Yang Shi, B. Shirinzadeh, Yanling Tian, Dafan Zhang

引用次数: 1

Diverse Methods to Nanomanufacture Colloidal Dispersions of Polyaniline without Templates 无模板聚苯胺胶体分散体纳米制备的多种方法

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010005

C. Barbero

Different methods which could be used to produce colloidal dispersions of polyaniline (PANI) nano-objects without templates are described. While the methods are non-deterministic, different nano-objects (nanospheres, nanofibers, nanobelts, nanorice, nanotubes, nanorods, nanodisks, etc.) can be produced. Those most used are: (i) solution polymerization with steric stabilizers (SPS) to produce nanospheres, (ii) interfacial polymerization (IP) to produce nanofibers and (iii) solution polymerization in the presence of additives (SPA) to produce nanotubes. Oxidation of aniline in aqueous solution could produce nanotubes, nanofibers and other shapes by controlling mass transport/concentration of reactants, pH, and the presence of oligomers/additives. The different models proposed to explain the formation of various nano-objects are discussed. Mechanochemical polymerization (MCP) could produce nanofibers or nanospheres by controlling the aniline/oxidant ratio. PANI nanospheres of tunable sizes can also be produced by nanoprecipitation (NPT) of preformed PANI from its solutions using an antisolvent. The geometrical constraints to the small nano-objects made of high-molecular-weight rigid polymers are described. The conditions to produce nanostructures also affect the intrinsic properties of PANI (conductivity, crystallinity, and electroactivity). Selected technological applications of PANI nano-objects manufactured as colloidal dispersions without templates are discussed. Based on the reviewed work and models, future lines of work are proposed.

介绍了制备聚苯胺(PANI)纳米胶体分散体的不同方法。虽然方法不确定，但可以生产出不同的纳米物体(纳米球、纳米纤维、纳米带、纳米孔、纳米管、纳米棒、纳米盘等)。其中最常用的是:(1)用空间稳定剂溶液聚合(SPS)生产纳米球;(2)用界面聚合(IP)生产纳米纤维;(3)用添加剂溶液聚合(SPA)生产纳米管。苯胺在水溶液中的氧化可以通过控制质量传递/反应物浓度、pH和低聚物/添加剂的存在来产生纳米管、纳米纤维和其他形状。讨论了用于解释各种纳米物体形成的不同模型。机械化学聚合(MCP)可以通过控制苯胺/氧化剂的比例来制备纳米纤维或纳米球。通过使用反溶剂将预成型的聚苯胺溶液进行纳米沉淀(NPT)，也可以制备出尺寸可调的聚苯胺纳米球。描述了由高分子量刚性聚合物制成的小纳米物体的几何约束。制备纳米结构的条件也会影响聚苯胺的固有性质(电导率、结晶度和电活性)。讨论了制备聚苯胺纳米物作为无模板胶体分散体的技术应用。在回顾工作和模型的基础上，提出了未来的工作方向。

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引用次数: 1

Graphene Nanofoam Based Nanomaterials: Manufacturing and Technical Prospects 基于石墨烯纳米泡沫的纳米材料:制造与技术展望

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010004

Ayesha Kausar, I. Ahmad, Tingkai Zhao, M. H. Eisa, O. Aldaghri

This article fundamentally reviews progress in the design and manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based nanocomposites for technical applications. The 3D graphene nanostructures have been manufactured using techniques like the template method, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel, freeze-drying, hydrothermal technique, and other approaches. The nanofoam has been reinforced in polymers to achieve superior structural, morphological, and physical characteristics of the ensuing polymer/graphene nanofoam nanocomposites. The polymer/graphene nanofoam nanocomposites have been manufactured using the approaches like direct template method, in situ technique, infiltration process, and other methods. The 3D nanofoam- and polymer-based nanostructures have shown high specific surface area, suppleness, electron transport, thermal conduction, mechanical resilience, and other physical properties. The technical applications of hierarchical graphene nanofoams have been observed in the fields of radiation shielding, solar cells, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and other applications.

本文从根本上综述了三维石墨烯纳米复合材料的设计和制造的技术应用进展。3D石墨烯纳米结构的制备方法包括模板法、化学气相沉积法、溶胶-凝胶法、冷冻干燥法、水热法等。纳米泡沫在聚合物中得到增强，从而获得聚合物/石墨烯纳米泡沫复合材料优越的结构、形态和物理特性。聚合物/石墨烯纳米泡沫复合材料的制备方法有直接模板法、原位法、渗透法等。三维纳米泡沫和聚合物基纳米结构具有高比表面积、柔韧性、电子传递、热传导、机械弹性和其他物理性能。分层石墨烯纳米泡沫的技术应用已经在辐射屏蔽、太阳能电池、超级电容器、燃料电池等领域得到了广泛的应用。

引用次数: 0

Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Nanomanufacturing in 2022 感谢2022年纳米制造审稿人

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010003

High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]

高质量的学术出版建立在严格的同行评审的基础上[…]

引用次数: 0

Rheology and Phase Behavior of Surfactant–Oil–Water Systems and Their Relationship with O/W Nano-Emulsion’s Characteristics Obtained by Dilution 表面活性剂-油水体系的流变学、相行为及其与稀释得到的O/W纳米乳液特性的关系

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010002

M. Guevara, Ronald Mercado, Katty Vega, A. Cárdenas, A. Forgiarini

In order to study the relationship between the rheology of a surfactant’s concentrated dispersions and the oil and water liquid crystals from which O/W nanoemulsions (NEs) can be produced by water dilution, the phase diagram of a model SOW (surfactant–oil–water) system was constructed. The dispersion’s compositions to be characterized by rheology were chosen in the diagram’s regions that contain liquid crystal phases. For this, the dilution lines S/O = 25/75, 55/45, and 70/30 with a water content of 20 and 40 wt% (corresponding to surfactant concentrations between 15 and 55 wt%) were chosen. By adding these dispersions to a water pool, NEs were obtained, and it was shown that droplet size distribution depends on the amount of the liquid crystal phase in the initial dispersion and its rheology. The study of the oscillatory amplitude of the dispersion showed a linear viscoelastic plateau (G’ > G”) and a softening deformation region (G” > G’), indicating a viscoelastic behavior of the dispersions. The study was carried out at a constant temperature of 30 °C, and the results show that rheological characterization by itself is not enough to predict that monomodal droplet distributions are obtained. However, the presence and quantity of lamellar liquid crystal phase are important to obtain monodisperse and kinetically stable NEs.

为了研究表面活性剂浓缩分散体的流变性与水稀释制备油水纳米乳的油水液晶之间的关系，建立了模型SOW(表面活性剂-油水)体系的相图。在图中包含液晶相的区域中选择以流变性表征的分散成分。为此，选择了S/O = 25/ 75,55 /45和70/30稀释线，水含量为20和40 wt%(对应于表面活性剂浓度在15和55 wt%之间)。将这些分散体加入到一个水池中，得到了NEs，结果表明，液滴的大小分布取决于初始分散体中液晶相的数量及其流变性。对色散振荡幅值的研究表明，色散存在一个线性粘弹性平台(G′> G′)和一个软化变形区(G′> G′)，表明色散具有粘弹性特性。研究是在30℃的恒定温度下进行的，结果表明，单靠流变学表征不足以预测得到单模态的液滴分布。然而，层状液晶相的存在和数量对于获得单分散和动力学稳定的NEs至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Manufacturing Strategies for Graphene Derivative Nanocomposites—Current Status and Fruitions 石墨烯衍生物纳米复合材料的制造策略——现状与成果

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010001

Ayesha Kausar, I. Ahmad, M. H. Eisa, M. Maaza, Hamdullah Khan

This review article highlights essential manufacturing strategies for the formation of graphene reinforced polymeric nanocomposites. For graphene reinforced thermoplastic, thermosetting and conducting matrix nanomaterials have been manufactured using solution casting, melt blending, in situ polymerization, electrospinning, 3D printing, and several other techniques. Solution processing has been well thought-out as an advantageous technique, relative to melt mixing, in terms of graphene dispersion in polymeric matrices. An in situ polymerization process has also been considered valuable to form homogeneously dispersed polymer/graphene nanocomposites having superior physical characteristics. Nevertheless, the manufacturing techniques for polymer/graphene nanocomposites have relative advantages and disadvantages to be considered for graphene-based nanocomposites. Moreover, numerous challenges need to be overcome to optimize the processing parameters for the fabrication of high-performance polymer/graphene nanocomposites.

这篇综述文章强调了石墨烯增强聚合物纳米复合材料形成的基本制造策略。对于石墨烯增强热塑性塑料，热固性和导电基纳米材料已经使用溶液铸造、熔融混合、原位聚合、静电纺丝、3D打印和其他几种技术制造出来。就石墨烯在聚合物基体中的分散而言，溶液处理被认为是一种相对于熔融混合的有利技术。原位聚合工艺也被认为是有价值的，以形成均匀分散的聚合物/石墨烯纳米复合材料具有优越的物理特性。然而，聚合物/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制造技术有相对的优点和缺点，需要考虑石墨烯基纳米复合材料。此外，优化高性能聚合物/石墨烯纳米复合材料的工艺参数还需要克服许多挑战。

引用次数: 4

Magnetohydrodynamic-based Internal Cooling System for a Ceramic Cutting Tool: Concept Design, Numerical Study, and Experimental Evalidation. 基于磁流体动力学的陶瓷刀具内冷却系统：概念设计、数值研究和实验验证。

Q1 Engineering

Nanomanufacturing and Metrology

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s41871-023-00210-9

John O'Hara, Fengzhou Fang

The effective removal of the heat generated during mechanical cutting processes is crucial to enhancing tool life and producing workpieces with superior surface finish. The internal cooling systems used in cutting inserts employ a liquid water-based solvent as the primary medium to transport the excess thermal energy generated during the cutting process. The limitations of this approach are the low thermal conductivity of water and the need for a mechanical input to circulate the coolant around the inner chamber of the cutting tool. In this context, this paper proposes an alternative method in which liquid gallium is used as the coolant in combination with a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pump, which avoids the need for an external power source. Using computational fluid dynamics, we created a numerical model of an internal cooling system and then solved it under conditions in which a magnetic field was applied to the liquid metal. This was followed by a simulation study performed to evaluate the effectiveness of liquid gallium over liquid water. The results of experiments conducted under non-cooling and liquid gallium cooling conditions were analyzed and compared in terms of the tool wear rate. The results showed that after six machining cycles at a cutting speed V_c = 250 m min ^-1, the corner wear VB_c rate was 75 µm with the coolant off and 48 µm with the MHD-based coolant on, representing a decrease of 36% in tool wear. At V_c = 900 m min^-1, the corner wear VB_c rate was 75 µm with the coolant off and 246 µm with the MHD-based coolant on, representing a decrease of 31% in tool wear. When external cooling using liquid water was added, the results showed at V_c = 250 m min^-1, the difference between the tool wear rate reduction with the internal liquid gallium coolant relative to the external coolant was 29%. When the cutting speed was increased to V_c = 900 m min^-1, the difference observed between the internal liquid gallium coolant relative to the external coolant was 16%. The study proves the feasibility of using liquid gallium as a coolant to effectively remove thermal energy through internally fabricated cooling channels in cutting inserts.

有效去除机械切削过程中产生的热量对于提高刀具寿命和生产具有优异表面光洁度的工件至关重要。切削镶片中使用的内部冷却系统采用液态水基溶剂作为主要介质，以输送切削过程中产生的多余热能。这种方法的局限性在于水的低热导率以及需要机械输入以使冷却剂围绕切割工具的内腔循环。在这种情况下，本文提出了一种替代方法，将液态镓用作冷却剂，并与磁流体动力学（MHD）泵相结合，从而避免了对外部电源的需要。使用计算流体动力学，我们创建了一个内部冷却系统的数值模型，然后在对液态金属施加磁场的条件下对其进行求解。随后进行了模拟研究，以评估液态镓相对于液态水的有效性。根据刀具磨损率分析和比较了在非冷却和液态镓冷却条件下进行的实验结果。结果表明，在切削速度为Vc的六个加工循环之后 = 250 m min-1，在冷却剂关闭的情况下，角磨损VBc率为75µm，在基于MHD的冷却剂打开的情况下为48µm，这意味着刀具磨损减少了36%。在Vc = 900 m min-1，在冷却剂关闭的情况下，角磨损VBc率为75µm，在基于MHD的冷却剂打开的情况下为246µm，这意味着刀具磨损减少了31%。当加入使用液态水的外部冷却时，结果显示在Vc = 250mmin-1，内部液态镓冷却剂相对于外部冷却剂的工具磨损率降低之间的差异为29%。当切割速度增加到Vc时 = 900mmin-1，内部液态镓冷却剂与外部冷却剂之间观察到的差异为16%。该研究证明了使用液态镓作为冷却剂通过内部制造的切削刀片冷却通道有效去除热能的可行性。

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