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Hillewaert, Sarah: Morality at the Margins: Youth, Language, and Islam in Coastal Kenya Sarah Hillewaert:《边缘的道德:肯尼亚沿海地区的青年、语言和伊斯兰教》
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0037
Maryam Moeini Meybodi
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引用次数: 0
Multiple attitudes and shifting language ideologies: a case of language shift among Libyan Tuaregs 多元态度与语言意识形态的变迁:利比亚图阿雷格人的语言变迁个案
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0012
Salah A. Adam
Abstract This paper examines the pivotal role of ideologies in a case of language shift from Targia to Libyan Arabic among Libyan Tuaregs in the south–western region of Libya. I argue that foundational ideologies, the opposed and hierarchical linguistic relationship between Arabic and Targia, a southern Amazigh variety, and ideological elision, the process of shifting the meanings associated with Classical and Modern Standard Arabic (CA, MSA) to Libyan Arabic (LA) (e.g., religious piety), eventually have driven the changes in the linguistic behavior of the Tuareg people towards the attachment to Libyan Arabic and at the expense of Targia. The data is drawn from a fieldwork conducted on two Libyan Tuareg communities, Ghat and Barkat. The former is a multi-ethnic town while the latter is a village composed of only Tuaregs. The sample is comprised of 221 participants (114 from Brakat and 107 from Ghat), balanced by gender and divided into three age groups. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed for data collection and analysis. The statistical analysis showed that age group has the most significant effect on the reported use of Targia, followed by type of community and the interactive effect of both variables.
摘要本文探讨了在利比亚西南部地区的利比亚图阿雷格人中,意识形态在语言从塔吉亚语向利比亚阿拉伯语转变的案例中的关键作用。我认为,基本意识形态,阿拉伯语和Targia之间的对立和等级语言关系,南部阿马齐格语的变体,以及意识形态省略,将古典和现代标准阿拉伯语(CA,MSA)的含义转换为利比亚阿拉伯语(LA)的过程(例如,宗教虔诚),最终促使图阿雷格人的语言行为发生了变化,他们对利比亚阿拉伯语产生了依恋,并以塔尔贾为代价。这些数据来自对利比亚图阿雷格人的两个社区,加特和巴尔卡特进行的实地调查。前者是一个多民族的城镇,而后者是一个只有图阿雷格人组成的村庄。该样本由221名参与者组成(114名来自Brakat,107名来自Ghat),按性别平衡,分为三个年龄组。数据收集和分析采用了定性和定量相结合的方法。统计分析表明,年龄组对Targia的使用影响最大,其次是社区类型和两个变量的交互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Contextualizing the rise of vernacular Arabic in globalized North Africa 全球化北非地区本地阿拉伯语兴起的语境化
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0047
Atiqa Hachimi, Jacopo Falchetta, Montserrat Benítez Fernández
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引用次数: 0
Language attitudes in Northwestern Tunisia and their implication for speech patterns 突尼斯西北部的语言态度及其对言语模式的影响
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0008
Ilona Abdelfattah, Veronika Ritt-Benmimoun
Abstract Our paper investigates the relationship between language attitudes and practices in Tunisia, particularly in the two mainly rural governorates of Siliana and Jendouba situated in Northwestern Tunisia. The data that underlie our analysis were gathered in 43 qualitative interviews and through participant observation during fieldwork in spring and summer 2019, and by methodical inquiry into salient linguistic features. First, speakers’ attitudes towards and their evaluation of (1) their own local dialect and (2) the dialect of the capital Tunis reveal that the capital Tunis and coastal towns such as Sousse are perceived as urban and advanced – in education as well as in lifestyle – whereas the central and north-western regions of Tunisia are perceived as rural and culturally backward. We show how speakers apply social meanings to certain linguistic variables such as the use of the urban [q] that is considered as fīnu ‘genteel, refined’ in contrast to the rural [g]. Others, though also clearly urban features, are not equally charged with stereotypes, among them the adoption of the urban personal pronoun of the 1st person sg. ǟna. Second, the impact these evaluations have on speech patterns and consequently on intra-dialectal levelling processes and language change is analysed and its patterns described. We show that language ideologies and attitudes are determined by the intersection of age, gender and level of education, and that young, educated women with a rural background are among the first to adopt urban features. As women in Siliana and Jendouba are expected to act more fīnu than their male peers, they are more inclined to adopt the [q]. The situation of the personal pronoun of the 1st person sg., the plural of III-weak verbs and the loss of gender distinction in verbs, however, is less clear.
摘要我们的论文调查了突尼斯的语言态度和实践之间的关系,特别是位于突尼斯西北部的两个主要农村省份西里亚纳和詹杜巴。我们分析的基础数据是在43次定性访谈中收集的,通过参与者在2019年春季和夏季的实地调查中的观察,以及对显著语言特征的系统调查。首先,说话者对(1)他们自己的当地方言和(2)首都突尼斯方言的态度和评价表明,首都突尼斯和苏塞等沿海城镇在教育和生活方式方面被认为是城市和先进的,而突尼斯的中部和西北部地区被认为是农村和文化落后的。我们展示了说话者是如何将社会意义应用于某些语言变量的,例如城市[q]的使用,与农村[g]相比,它被认为是fīnu的“优雅、精致”。其他人,虽然也有明显的城市特征,但并不同样带有刻板印象,其中包括采用第一人称sg.ǟna的城市人称代词。其次,分析了这些评价对言语模式的影响,从而对方言内部的调平过程和语言变化产生了影响,并描述了其模式。我们发现,语言意识形态和态度是由年龄、性别和教育水平的交叉决定的,受过教育的农村年轻女性是最早采用城市特征的。由于Siliana和Jendouba的女性比男性同龄人表现出更多的fīnu,她们更倾向于采用[q]。然而,第1人称sg.的人称代词、第III弱动词的复数以及动词中性别区分的丧失的情况则不太清楚。
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引用次数: 0
Le ḥassāniyya et la variation diglossique à travers WhatsApp: la Mauritanie à l’heure du Covid-19 .ḥassāniyya diglossique变异并通过WhatsApp:毛里塔尼亚Covid-19准时的
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0021
C. Taine-Cheikh
Abstract Malgré la résistance, voire les protestations, de la population négro-africaine ou sub-saharienne (Halpulaaren, Soninké et Wolofs), la place de l’arabe ne cesse de gagner du terrain en Mauritanie. Face au français qui a perdu son statut de langue officielle en 1991, c’est l’arabe standard qui semble le grand gagnant. Cependant le dialecte arabe ḥassāniyya se maintient comme langue maternelle de l’ensemble de la communauté maure (les Bīđ̣ân) et son usage tend même à s’étendre dans la rue comme langue de communication. Depuis les années 1970, des formes mixtes sont apparues, notamment dans les productions à visée politique, mais dans l’ensemble, les sphères d’emploi des formes non mixtes sont restées bien différenciées, aussi bien à l’oral qu’à l’écrit. L’usage des nouvelles technologies n’a pas apporté de bouleversement radical: le choix du dialecte ou de l’arabe littéraire continue à dépendre à la fois du locuteur, du thème et du point de vue énonciatif. Cependant, alors que ce choix ne concernait, auparavant, que les productions orales, il s’est étendu dorénavant à l’écrit, certains Mauritaniens n’hésitant plus à communiquer en ḥassāniyya par écrit. C’est notamment cette évolution que je me propose de montrer à travers l’étude de messages reçus par WhatsApp. Le corpus constitué au cours de l’année 2019–2020 comprend des enregistrements audio, des vidéos et des textes écrits. Ceux-ci nous ont été réexpédiés par des Mauritaniens bien informés qui les avaient sélectionnés pour leur intérêt particulier (politique, social ou esthétique). Parmi eux, une dizaine de messages concerne la crise du Covid-19 qui a donné lieu à des prises de position relativement tranchées.
尽管非洲黑人或撒哈拉以南人口(Halpulaaren、soninke和Wolofs)进行了抵抗,甚至抗议,阿拉伯语在毛里塔尼亚的地位仍在稳步上升。与1991年失去官方语言地位的法语相比,标准阿拉伯语似乎是最大的赢家。然而阿拉伯方言ḥassāniyya仍作为母语的摩尔人,整个社会(Bīđ̣ân)和其使用同样倾向于躺在大街上像交际语言。自20世纪70年代以来,混合形式出现了,特别是在政治作品中,但总的来说,单混合形式的使用领域在口头和书面方面都有很大的差异。新技术的使用并没有带来根本性的变化:方言或文学阿拉伯语的选择仍然取决于说话者、主题和表达观点。不过,虽然只涉及以前,该选择口述作品,现在已经扩展到写作,更向毛里塔尼亚有些犹豫ḥassāniyya书面报告。我打算通过研究WhatsApp收到的信息来展示这种演变。2019 - 2020年建立的语料库包括音频、视频和书面文本。这些照片是由消息灵通的毛里塔尼亚人寄给我们的,他们根据自己的特殊兴趣(政治、社会或美学)选择了这些照片。其中,大约有10条信息与Covid-19危机有关,导致了相对强硬的立场。
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引用次数: 0
La diglossie traversée: La littérature en tunisien et le tunisien dans la littérature diglossie traversee:突尼斯文学和突尼斯文学
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0018
Myriam Achour
Abstract Cette étude se situe dans le prolongement des travaux se rattachant à l’examen des idéologies langagières en général et de ceux se rapportant à ces idéologies dans les espaces arabophones en particulier. Ma thèse principale consiste à montrer que si le tunisien a existé dans la littérature, la littérature tunisienne, elle, ne s’est exprimée en tunisien que récemment. Sur la base d’un riche travail de documentation portant sur les écritures en tunisien, associé à un travail de terrain anthropologique attentif aux acteurs impliqués dans ces écrits, la question de recherche consistera à interroger deux moments d’écriture en tunisien pour savoir si les écritures correspondant à ces deux moments sont portées par les mêmes idéologies langagières. En filigrane, c’est une lecture critique du concept de diglossie qui me permettra, tout au long de l’article, de soutenir mon argumentation. A la double condition de le considérer comme un concept sociologique plutôt que linguistique d’une part, et de le traverser et non pas de s’y installer pour analyser les pratiques langagières contemporaines d’autre part, il devient possible d’éclairer sous un angle différent les enjeux liés à ces pratiques.
摘要本研究是与语言意识形态研究相关的工作的延伸,尤其是在阿拉伯语空间与这些意识形态相关的工作。我的主要论点是表明,如果突尼斯人存在于文学中,突尼斯文学只是最近才用突尼斯语表达自己。基于对突尼斯文字的丰富文献研究,加上对参与这些文字的行为者的人类学实地研究,研究问题将包括询问突尼斯文字中的两个时刻,以了解与这两个时刻相对应的文字是否由相同的语言意识形态所承载。本质上,这是对diglossie概念的批判性解读,这将使我在整个文章中支持我的论点。在双重条件下,一方面将其视为一个社会学概念,而不是语言学概念,另一方面,跨越它,而不是停留在那里分析当代语言实践,有可能从不同的角度阐明与这些实践相关的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Moroccan Arabic in TV fiction: promoting de-localised individuals to model speakers 电视小说中的摩洛哥阿拉伯语:将非本地化的个人提升为模范演讲者
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0014
Jacopo Falchetta
Abstract This paper aims at clarifying the role that TV fiction plays in the indexical redistribution of Moroccan Arabic (MA) linguistic features, and how this is connected to media’s contribution to the non-institutional standardisation of MA. First of all, it shows how six variables are employed in the composition of dialogues for two original Moroccan series and two Turkish series dubbed in MA. In the Moroccan series, the assignment of different features to different characters results in the enregisterment of a linguistic opposition between two social types, distinguished by their attachment to place of origin and attitude vis-à-vis modernity. In the dubbed series, standardisation is at issue in that the authors of the linguistic choices – be they the translators or the dubbers – usually select one single form to the exclusion of all other variants. If this selection of a MA norm is judged on the background of the enregisterment patterns identified in the dialogues of the Moroccan series, it then appears as though such norm favours a type of individual free from particularistic regional affiliations, and with a propensity for an anti-traditionalist and (western-like) modern lifestyle and way of thinking.
摘要本文旨在阐明电视小说在摩洛哥阿拉伯语(MA)语言特征的指数再分配中所起的作用,以及这与媒体对MA非制度标准化的贡献之间的关系,它展示了在两个摩洛哥原创系列和两个用MA配音的土耳其系列的对话组成中如何使用六个变量。在摩洛哥系列中,将不同的特征分配给不同的人物,导致两种社会类型之间的语言对立被登记,其区别在于它们对起源地的依恋和对现代性的态度。在配音系列中,标准化是一个问题,因为语言选择的作者——无论是翻译人员还是配音员——通常选择一种形式,而排除所有其他变体。如果这种MA规范的选择是根据摩洛哥系列对话中确定的注册模式的背景来判断的,那么这种规范似乎有利于一种没有特殊地区背景的个人,并倾向于反传统主义和(类似西方的)现代生活方式和思维方式。
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引用次数: 2
From stigmatization to predilection: folk metalinguistic discourse on social media on the northwestern Moroccan Arabic variety 从污名化到偏好:摩洛哥西北部阿拉伯语变体的社交媒体上的民间元语言话语
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0011
Ángeles Vicente
Abstract The sociolinguistic situation in Morocco is complex, with a diversity of Arabic varieties that interact daily. Existing linguistic ideologies have created a hierarchical relationship between these varieties that has been forged for political and socio-economic reasons. Thus, the variety of Casablanca, the economic capital of the country, leads the linguistic levelling in the country and therefore has more social value, but others have less social value, even reaching stigmatization. This is the case of the northwest Moroccan variety that is stigmatized for most Moroccans, but shapes the collective identity in this region. One of the most important cities in the region is Tetouan, a medium-sized city, where the arrival of influences from other Moroccan varieties has created a new-urban variety and has contributed to shaping a new Tetouan identity. This article focuses on folk metalinguistic discourse on the Tetouan Arabic variety. The purpose is to evaluate the metalinguistic beliefs used by speakers to build a collective identity at local and regional level. To do this, the role of social media as a space for ideological language discussions is shown, and chats posted on a Facebook group are examined as an interactive source of data. Specifically, the focus will be placed on an open chat called “Tetouan”, founded in 2012, and in which people from this city write mainly. The results reveal that the social meanings of the different varieties produce antagonistic ideas about them, depending on the context and the participants in the linguistic interaction.
摩洛哥的社会语言学情况很复杂,每天都有多种阿拉伯语品种相互作用。现有的语言意识形态在这些变体之间创造了一种等级关系,这种关系是由于政治和社会经济原因而形成的。因此,卡萨布兰卡作为国家的经济首都,其多样性引领着国家的语言均等化,因此具有更多的社会价值,而其他的社会价值则较低,甚至达到污名化。这就是摩洛哥西北部品种的情况,对大多数摩洛哥人来说,这是一种耻辱,但却塑造了该地区的集体身份。该地区最重要的城市之一是德土安(Tetouan),这是一个中型城市,来自其他摩洛哥品种的影响在这里形成了一种新的城市品种,并有助于形成新的德土安身份。本文主要研究德土安阿拉伯语变体的民俗元语言话语。目的是评估说话者在地方和区域层面建立集体认同所使用的元语言信念。为此,本文展示了社交媒体作为意识形态语言讨论空间的作用,并将Facebook群组上发布的聊天记录作为交互式数据来源进行了研究。具体来说,重点将放在一个名为“Tetouan”的公开聊天平台上,该平台成立于2012年,主要是来自这个城市的人在上面写作。结果表明,根据语境和语言互动参与者的不同,不同变体的社会意义会产生对立的观念。
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引用次数: 1
Sociolinguistic representations of variation in Moroccan spoken Arabic: discourses, practices and internet memes 摩洛哥阿拉伯语口语变异的社会语言学表征:话语、实践和网络模因
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0010
Alexandrine Barontini, Karima Ziamari
Abstract This paper explores metalinguistic representations of Moroccan Arabic, through speakers’ discourses – taken from various spontaneous recordings and interviews with Moroccan Arabic speakers, of various ages, social backgrounds, and, for the most part, living in Meknes – and humoristic images and memes mocking local accents to be found on social media. By comparing language practices and metalinguistic representations with internet memes related to language stereotypes, our objective is to highlight indexicality, iconization and rhematization, in the circulation of metalinguistic representations, especially their reproduction through copy and imitation, which is the main attribute of memes that interests us. Markers, values, meanings associated with variation constantly change and shift through speakers’ practices and discourses, interacting with language ideologies, representations and stereotypes. With that in mind, we examine metalinguistic discourses and sociolinguistic variables in parallel to each other in order to study old and new representations along with social categories such as young/old, virile/effeminate, as well as regional stereotypes.
本文探讨了摩洛哥阿拉伯语的元语言表征,通过说话者的话语-取自各种自发录音和对不同年龄,社会背景的摩洛哥阿拉伯语说话者的采访,并且大部分生活在梅克内斯-以及社交媒体上发现的幽默图像和嘲笑当地口音的模因。通过将语言实践和元语言表征与与语言刻板印象相关的网络模因进行比较,我们的目的是突出元语言表征在循环中的索引性、偶像化和重复化,特别是它们通过复制和模仿的复制,这是我们感兴趣的模因的主要属性。与变异相关的标记、价值、意义在说话者的实践和话语中不断变化和转移,与语言意识形态、表征和刻板印象相互作用。考虑到这一点,我们研究了元语言话语和社会语言变量,以研究新旧表征以及诸如年轻/年老,男性/女性以及区域刻板印象等社会类别。
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引用次数: 0
“In the Middle East, it’s cool to ‘Sing Moroccan’”: ideologies of slang and contested meanings of Arabic popular music on social media “在中东,‘唱摩洛哥歌’很酷”:社交媒体上俚语的意识形态和阿拉伯流行音乐的争议意义
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0042
Atiqa Hachimi
Abstract Against the background of the marginalization of North African in relation to Middle Eastern Arabic vernaculars, this paper considers the ways in which popular music has propelled the commodification of Moroccan Arabic and made it a site of deep contestation. It centers on a controversial love song written and performed in Moroccan Arabic by Middle Eastern musicians, specifically their use of sātˁa, a derogatory youth slang term for “girl.” Drawing on in-depth stance-taking analysis of Moroccans’ digital metapragmatic discourse, it argues that metapragmatic debates position some Moroccan musical genres as authentic and some speakers and places as illegitimate representatives of the nation, thus enregistering certain ways of speaking with deviant social types and musical genres. This study has broader implications for the resignification of historically marginalized linguistic varieties in a more globally connected world, including the tensions this creates between the commodification of language and local constructions of sociocultural authenticity and legitimacy.
摘要在北非相对于中东阿拉伯语本土语言被边缘化的背景下,本文探讨了流行音乐如何推动摩洛哥阿拉伯语的商品化,并使其成为一个备受争议的地方。它以中东音乐家用摩洛哥阿拉伯语创作和表演的一首有争议的情歌为中心,特别是他们对“女孩”的贬义青年俚语sātˁa的使用,它认为,元戏剧辩论将一些摩洛哥音乐流派定位为真实的,将一些演讲者和场所定位为国家的非法代表,从而将某些说话方式与越轨的社会类型和音乐流派混为一谈。这项研究对在一个更全球化的世界中历史上被边缘化的语言变体的辞职具有更广泛的意义,包括这在语言的商品化和社会文化真实性和合法性的地方建构之间造成的紧张关系。
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of the Sociology of Language
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