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‘We don’t speak the same language:’ language choice and identity on a Tunisian internet forum “我们说的不是同一种语言:”突尼斯网络论坛上的语言选择和身份
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0126
Karen McNeil
Abstract The linguistic situation in the Arab world is in an important state of transition, with the “spoken” vernaculars increasingly functioning as written languages as well. While this fact is widely acknowledged and the subject of a growing body of qualitative literature, there is little quantitative research detailing the process in action. The current project examines this development as it is occurring in Tunisia: I present the findings from a corpus study comparing the frequency of Tunisian Arabic–Standard Arabic equivalent pairs in online forum posts from 2010 with those from 2021. The findings show that the proportion of Tunisian lexical items, compared to their Standard Arabic equivalents, increased from a minority (19.7%) to a majority (69.9%) over this period. At the same time, metalinguistic comments on the forum reveal that, although its status is still contentious, Tunisian has become unmarked as a written language. These changes can be attributed to major developments in Tunisian society over the period of study – including internet access and the 2011 revolution. These findings suggest destabilization of the diglossic language situation in Tunisia and a privileging of national identity vis-à-vis the rest of the Arab world.
摘要阿拉伯世界的语言状况正处于一个重要的过渡状态,“口语”土语也越来越多地作为书面语言发挥作用。虽然这一事实得到了广泛承认,并成为越来越多的定性文献的主题,但很少有定量研究详细说明这一过程。目前的项目考察了突尼斯的这一发展:我介绍了一项语料库研究的结果,该研究比较了2010年和2021年在线论坛帖子中突尼斯-阿拉伯语-标准阿拉伯语对等配对的频率。研究结果表明,与标准阿拉伯语词汇相比,突尼斯词汇的比例在这一时期从少数(19.7%)增加到多数(69.9%)。与此同时,论坛上的元语言学评论表明,尽管突尼斯语的地位仍然存在争议,但它已经成为一种没有标记的书面语言。这些变化可归因于研究期间突尼斯社会的重大发展,包括互联网接入和2011年革命。这些发现表明,突尼斯的双语言状况不稳定,民族身份相对于阿拉伯世界其他地区具有特权。
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引用次数: 1
The Jebli speech between the media and the city: exploring linguistic stereotypes on a rural accent in Northern Morocco 媒体和城市之间的杰布利演讲:探索摩洛哥北部农村口音的语言刻板印象
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0015
Montserrat Benítez Fernández, J. Guerrero
Abstract The symbolic values that speakers attribute to certain linguistic features constitute an important sociolinguistic topic which, barring a few seminal works, has not drawn much attention from scholars working on Maghrebi Arabic, and more specifically, Moroccan varieties. The present paper aims to deepen our understanding of metalinguistic representations of Jebli, a sedentary rural variety of Moroccan Arabic, within the speech communities of Larache and Ouezzane, two urban centres lying on the southern periphery of the Jbala region of Northern Morocco. We first analysed several samples of performed speech taken from an online Moroccan comedy sketch series entitled Jebli & Beldi, which includes a character epitomizing the Jebli accent, in order to identify those salient linguistic features that are perceived as being typically Jebli. As these phonetic and morphosyntactic traits are consciously selected in performed speech, it may be assumed that they make up a linguistic stereotype. We then asked a group of informants in the cities of Larache and Ouezzane to describe what they regarded as the typical features of Jebli speech and also their attitudes towards these features. The results of our study show that the features informants named partly coincided with our own sketch-based selection, and their attitudes towards these features were generally negative. These features did not appear in the speech of most informants, suggesting either their absence in their dialect or a deliberate avoidance strategy on their part. A small number in fact used these features but denied doing so, suggesting that the features are socially stigmatized. We argue that the symbolic values ascribed to some typical Jebli features may trigger their avoidance, which in turn may generate linguistic variation and even lead to linguistic change.
摘要说话者赋予某些语言特征的象征价值构成了一个重要的社会语言学主题,除了一些开创性的著作外,这一主题并没有引起研究马格里布阿拉伯语,更具体地说,摩洛哥变体的学者的太多关注。本文旨在加深我们对杰布利语(Jebli)的元语言表征的理解,杰布利语是摩洛哥阿拉伯语的一种定居的乡村变体,位于摩洛哥北部Jbala地区南部边缘的两个城市中心Larache和Ouezzane的言语社区内。我们首先分析了摩洛哥在线喜剧小品系列《Jebli&Beldi》中的几个表演语音样本,其中包括一个代表Jebli口音的角色,以确定那些被认为是典型Jebli的显著语言特征。由于这些语音和形态句法特征是在表演言语中有意识地选择的,因此可以认为它们构成了一种语言刻板印象。然后,我们请Larache和Ouezzane市的一群线人描述他们认为Jebli演讲的典型特征,以及他们对这些特征的态度。我们的研究结果表明,被举报人命名的特征与我们自己基于草图的选择部分一致,他们对这些特征的态度通常是负面的。这些特征没有出现在大多数线人的讲话中,这表明他们的方言中没有这些特征,或者他们有故意的回避策略。事实上,少数人使用了这些功能,但否认这样做,这表明这些功能被社会污名化了。我们认为,一些典型的Jebli特征所具有的符号价值可能会引发它们的回避,进而可能产生语言变异,甚至导致语言变化。
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引用次数: 1
Everyday heritaging: Sino-Muslim literacy adaptation and alienation 日常传承:中国穆斯林文化的适应与异化
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0058
Ibrar Bhatt, Heng Wang
Abstract What we in this article describe as “Sino-Muslim heritage literacies” have existed in China for as long as there have been Muslims in the region (since the 7th century according to the best evidence). The community’s religious and heritage literacy practices can incorporate a systematic Arabic representation of Chinese, systems of Chinese characters representing Arabic pronunciation, and more contemporary digitalised manifestations of heritage literacy in everyday life. Using a social practice approach to literacy, this paper reports on multi-generational interviews, artefact collection, and ethnographic observations with two families in Xi’an (Shaanxi, China) to explore how heritage literacy practices maintain a presence in Sino-Muslim life through traditional systems of community and religious education and contemporary social and material networks. We discuss what these empirical cases reveal about literacies in Sino-Muslim religious life, with respect to how heritage is adapted or diminished across generations. We also argue that it is crucial to situate Sino-Muslim heritage literacy in spaces beyond rigid and state-defined ethnic and religious discourses which tend to confine the identity of Sino-Muslims into officially designated categories. Doing so, we contend, has useful theoretical and methodological import, and can shed light on inquiry about heritage literacy in other minority settings.
摘要我们在本文中所描述的“中国穆斯林遗产”在中国存在的时间与该地区有穆斯林的时间一样长(根据最好的证据,自7世纪以来)。社区的宗教和遗产扫盲实践可以包括汉语的系统阿拉伯语表示、代表阿拉伯语发音的汉字系统,以及日常生活中遗产扫盲的更现代数字化表现。本文采用社会实践的扫盲方法,对西安(中国陕西)的两个家庭进行了多代访谈、文物收集和民族志观察,以探索遗产扫盲实践如何通过传统的社区和宗教教育体系以及当代的社会和物质网络在中国穆斯林生活中保持存在。我们讨论了这些实证案例揭示了中国穆斯林宗教生活中的文学,以及遗产是如何在几代人之间适应或减少的。我们还认为,至关重要的是,将中国穆斯林的文化遗产置于僵化和国家定义的种族和宗教话语之外的空间,这些话语往往将中国穆斯林身份限制在官方指定的类别中。我们认为,这样做具有有用的理论和方法论意义,可以为其他少数民族环境中的遗产识字问题提供线索。
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引用次数: 3
Assessing the vitality of Gombe dialect of Fulfulde: a multi-scale approach 富富尔德贡贝方言活力的多尺度评估
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0100
Abdulkadir Adamu, Abdulkarim Musa Yola
Abstract Language vitality and endangerment theorizing and research have been focused mainly on whole languages, relegating their individual dialects to the background, on the one hand; and on using single scales in assessing vitality and endangerment, on the other. In this paper, however, we advocate a paradigm shift for more, better successes in this undertaking. Therefore, we aim to examine the degree(s) of vitality and endangerment of Gombe dialect of Fulfulde using multiple evaluative scales, both western and non-western. Prior to placing the dialect on these scales, we collected data from Fulfulde speakers of varied age ranges, all Gombe radio stations and listeners of their Fulfulde programs, using ‘insider’ participant observations, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a proficiency test component (after which both the respondents and the researchers agreed on the proficiency levels of the former) and online surveys. Analysis of the data reveals that the vitality of this code is better viewed relatively rather than absolutely. Its subsequent placement on the evaluative scales only helps to corroborate this. Finally, while our analysis shows that dialects are just as place-able on these evaluative scales as whole languages are (notwithstanding the hitches characterizing the scales), we argue that, with sustained collective efforts, a dialect-focused evaluative framework is likely to be born in the foreseeable future.
摘要语言的生命力和危害理论和研究主要集中在整个语言上,一方面将其个别方言置于背景之下;另一方面,在评估生命力和危害性时使用单一量表。然而,在这篇论文中,我们提倡范式的转变,以在这项事业中取得更多更好的成功。因此,我们的目的是使用西方和非西方的多个评价量表来检验富尔德贡贝方言的活力和危害程度。在将方言放在这些尺度上之前,我们收集了来自不同年龄段的富尔富尔德语使用者、贡贝所有广播电台及其富尔富尔德节目的听众的数据,使用“内部”参与者的深入观察,采用能力测试部分的半结构化访谈(之后,受访者和研究人员就前者的能力水平达成一致)和在线调查。对数据的分析表明,人们更倾向于相对地而不是绝对地看待这一代码的生命力。它随后在评估量表上的位置只会有助于证实这一点。最后,尽管我们的分析表明,方言在这些评估量表上与整个语言一样具有可定位性(尽管这些量表存在缺陷),但我们认为,通过持续的集体努力,一个以方言为重点的评估框架很可能在可预见的未来诞生。
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引用次数: 0
Conditions of commodification: Russian as a transient commodity in an Arctic tourism resort 商品化条件:俄罗斯作为北极旅游胜地的过渡商品
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0060
S. Muth, Maiju Strömmer
Abstract Based on an ethnography incorporating interview, linguistic landscape and observational data, this research illustrates how temporary linguistic value is negotiated and how an Arctic tourism destination is made fit for consumption for a specific audience. Set within a tourism resort in the Finnish Arctic during two weeks in Winter when the region habitually receives a large influx of Russian-speaking visitors, we illustrate how Russian is conceptualized as a means of economic practice by stakeholders in the local tourism industry. While some offer services specifically for a Russian-speaking audience as part of a short-term high-risk/high-reward investment, others regard Russian as an expression of a negative niche market that compromises the overall image of the Arctic as a global tourism destination. We discuss these different understandings of commodity value and highlight, how stakeholders in the local tourism economy imagine and discursively construct Russian-speaking tourists. In doing so, this paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the conditions of language commodification and the processes involved in the valuation and devaluation of linguistic resources within temporary linguistic markets.
摘要:本研究基于民族志,结合访谈、语言景观和观测数据,阐述了如何协商暂时的语言价值,以及如何使北极旅游目的地适合特定受众的消费。故事发生在芬兰北极地区的一个旅游胜地,在冬季的两周内,该地区习惯性地接待大量讲俄语的游客,我们将说明俄语是如何被当地旅游业的利益相关者概念化为经济实践的一种手段。虽然有些人专门为讲俄语的受众提供服务,作为短期高风险/高回报投资的一部分,但其他人认为俄语是一个负面利基市场的表现,损害了北极作为全球旅游目的地的整体形象。我们讨论了这些对商品价值的不同理解,并强调了当地旅游经济中的利益相关者如何想象和话语建构讲俄语的游客。在此过程中,本文旨在有助于更好地理解语言商品化的条件以及临时语言市场中语言资源的估值和贬值过程。
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引用次数: 0
Identity construction of Hong Kong returnees: stance taking and self-labelling in narratives 香港回归者的身份建构:叙事中的立场与自我标签
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0106
Hon Leung Clement Chan
Abstract This study examines how Hong Kong returnees negotiate and construct their transnational identities in their post-sojourn period via two indexical cues, stance taking, and self-labelling. Based on the narratives about remigration, this study investigates how returnees construct their identities discursively by taking stances to evaluate and align with sociocultural values and using self-labelling to index their transnational identities in their post-sojourn period. In doing so, this study hopes to contribute to the existing migration studies on Hong Kong returnees in terms of language and identity construction.
摘要本研究以香港海归为研究对象,通过立场和自我标签两个指标线索,探讨海归在毕业后的跨国身份谈判和建构。基于关于移民的叙述,本研究调查了返回者如何通过评估社会文化价值观并与之保持一致的立场,以及在他们的后旅居期使用自我标签来索引他们的跨国身份,从而构建他们的身份。在这方面,本研究希望对现有香港回归者在语言和身份建构方面的迁移研究做出贡献。
{"title":"Identity construction of Hong Kong returnees: stance taking and self-labelling in narratives","authors":"Hon Leung Clement Chan","doi":"10.1515/ijsl-2021-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2021-0106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines how Hong Kong returnees negotiate and construct their transnational identities in their post-sojourn period via two indexical cues, stance taking, and self-labelling. Based on the narratives about remigration, this study investigates how returnees construct their identities discursively by taking stances to evaluate and align with sociocultural values and using self-labelling to index their transnational identities in their post-sojourn period. In doing so, this study hopes to contribute to the existing migration studies on Hong Kong returnees in terms of language and identity construction.","PeriodicalId":52428,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Language","volume":"2023 1","pages":"129 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41455303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does the pandemic hamper or boost the necessity for an international language? A survey on English use frequency among Japanese workers 大流行是阻碍还是促进了对国际语言的需求?日本工人英语使用频率调查
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0122
Takunori Terasawa
Abstract This study aims to reveal the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the necessity of using English as an international language. For this purpose, this study conducted a web survey of Japanese workers, and statistically examined the extent to which the use of English increased or decreased after the outbreak. The findings are as follows. First, although some types of use decreased or increased, the majority did not show substantial changes. Second, the changes in English use were largely influenced by worker factors, such as types of occupation and employment (e.g. it declined typically among sales workers but not among the self-employed and freelancers), the degree of remote working (e.g. not being allowed to work remotely reduced it), and industry (e.g. it declined among workers in accommodation and real estate sectors but increased among public servants). These findings suggest the following implications: (1) non-decline in English use would suggest its resilience as an international language, the necessity of which could endure even in such a global upheaval; and (2) the frequency of using English (and other modes of international communication) is relatively independent of reduced human mobility, but it is largely affected by the economic climate.
本研究旨在揭示COVID-19大流行对英语作为国际语言使用必要性的影响。为此,本研究对日本工人进行了一项网络调查,并统计调查了疫情爆发后英语使用增加或减少的程度。研究结果如下。首先,虽然某些类型的使用减少或增加,但大多数没有显示出实质性的变化。其次,英语使用的变化在很大程度上受到工人因素的影响,例如职业和就业类型(例如,销售人员的英语使用减少,但自营职业者和自由职业者的英语使用减少),远程工作的程度(例如,不允许远程工作减少了远程工作),以及行业(例如,住宿和房地产行业工人的英语使用减少,但公务员的英语使用增加)。这些发现表明了以下含义:(1)英语使用的不下降表明它作为一种国际语言的弹性,即使在这样的全球动荡中,它的必要性也可以持续下去;(2)使用英语(和其他国际交流方式)的频率相对独立于人类流动性的减少,但它在很大程度上受到经济气候的影响。
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引用次数: 0
New understandings of the rise of English as a medium of instruction in higher education: the role of key performance indicators and institutional profiling 对英语作为高等教育教学语言兴起的新理解:关键绩效指标和机构概况的作用
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0082
A. Hultgren, R. Wilkinson
Abstract The rise of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) has prompted concerns over linguistic injustice, educational disadvantage, societal inequality and epistemic homogenization. As EMI tends to generate heated debates, its drivers need to be better understood. Borrowing conceptual frameworks from political science, this article proposes a new understanding of the drivers of EMI, pointing to the introduction of new steering tools in the 1980s to govern Europe’s higher education institutions. Conducting Process Tracing in a Dutch university, and drawing on document analysis and interviews with nine “elite participants” – Ministers of Education, University Rectors, Members of the University Executive Board, Faculty Deans and Programme Leaders – we argue that the very first EMI programme at our case university may be traced back to a set of governance reforms in the Dutch higher education sector that introduced key performance indicators and institutional profiling. Responding to calls for linguists to engage with the political economy, we identify previously under-illuminated links between political processes and EMI. We conclude that close attention to the political economy is key to understanding the rise of EMI, and more generally language shift, and ultimately to tackling linguistic injustice that may follow in its wake.
摘要英语作为教学媒介的兴起引发了人们对语言不公正、教育劣势、社会不平等和认识同质化的担忧。由于EMI往往会引发激烈的争论,因此需要更好地了解其驱动因素。借用政治学的概念框架,本文对EMI的驱动因素提出了新的理解,指出在20世纪80年代引入了新的指导工具来管理欧洲的高等教育机构。在荷兰一所大学进行过程跟踪,并利用文件分析和对九名“精英参与者”的采访——教育部长、大学校长、大学执行委员会成员,学院院长和项目负责人——我们认为,我们案例大学的第一个EMI项目可以追溯到荷兰高等教育部门的一系列治理改革,这些改革引入了关键的绩效指标和机构简介。为了回应语言学家参与政治经济学的呼吁,我们发现了以前未被充分阐明的政治过程和EMI之间的联系。我们得出的结论是,密切关注政治经济学是理解EMI兴起的关键,也是理解更广泛的语言转变的关键,并最终解决随之而来的语言不公正问题。
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引用次数: 2
Both necessary and irrelevant: political economy and linguistic injustice of English in higher education in Kazakhstan 必要与无关:哈萨克斯坦高等教育中英语的政治经济与语言不公
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0074
Bridget A. Goodman, A. Kambatyrova
Abstract Since the early 2000s, the government of Kazakhstan has been promoting educational reforms in higher education including introducing English-medium instruction (EMI), trilingual education (education in Kazakh, Russian, and English), and requirements of students and faculty to publish in impact factor. Within this context, the purpose of this paper is to use the lenses of political economy and linguistic justice to interpret interview data from students, faculty, and administrators of six Kazakhstani universities implementing trilingual education. These data show that some stakeholders believe English is the language of science, and it is therefore necessary to read, study, and publish in English. Competing voices argue that privileging English will lead to a loss of knowledge from local scholars who are not proficient in English. The data indicate that stakeholders believe the pursuit of EMI and English academic publishing may achieve the goals of global competitiveness and economic development under a political lens, but at a cost to the linguistic justice of languages other than English and speakers of those languages.
自21世纪初以来,哈萨克斯坦政府一直在推动高等教育改革,包括引入英语教学(EMI),三语教育(哈萨克语、俄语和英语教育),以及要求学生和教师在影响因子中发表论文。在此背景下,本文的目的是使用政治经济学和语言正义的镜头来解释来自六所实施三语教育的哈萨克斯坦大学的学生,教师和管理人员的访谈数据。这些数据表明,一些利益相关者认为英语是科学语言,因此有必要用英语阅读、学习和发表。有观点认为,如果给予英语特权,会导致英语水平不高的本土学者的知识流失。数据表明,利益相关者认为,从政治角度来看,对EMI和英语学术出版的追求可能会实现全球竞争力和经济发展的目标,但代价是英语以外的语言和这些语言的使用者的语言公正。
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引用次数: 2
Linguistic justice and global English: theoretical and empirical approaches 语言公正与全球英语:理论与实证研究
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2022-0026
J. Soler, Sergi Morales-Gálvez
Abstract The global spread of English and its impact on the pursuit of linguistic justice has been a topic of concern for scholars in a wide range of different fields in the humanities and social sciences. Firmly convinced of the usefulness of cross-field collaboration to advance our understanding of the expansion of English globally, in this special issue we bring together experts in sociolinguistics and political theory with two goals in mind: (1) to illustrate, empirically, its consequences for speakers in situated contexts; and (2) to propose potential normative responses to the global spread of English. In order to frame the overarching theme of the special issue, and to show our stance as guest editors in connection to global English, in this opening piece we develop a critique to Philippe Van Parijs’ notion of linguistic justice. In particular, we take issue with his vision that promoting English as a global lingua franca is a good idea in order to enhance everyone’s equality of opportunities (e.g., in the labour market). We question such an assumption from both a theoretical and empirical point of view, and argue that having equal access to English is not sufficient to equalize everyone’s opportunities.
英语的全球传播及其对语言正义追求的影响一直是人文社会科学各个领域学者关注的话题。坚信跨领域合作对促进我们对英语全球扩张的理解的有用性,在本期特刊中,我们汇集了社会语言学和政治理论方面的专家,目的有两个:(1)从经验上说明它对特定语境下的说话者的影响;(2)对英语的全球传播提出潜在的规范性回应。为了构建特刊的总体主题,并表明我们作为与全球英语相关的客座编辑的立场,在这篇开篇文章中,我们对菲利普·范·帕里斯的语言正义概念进行了批判。特别是,我们不同意他的观点,即促进英语作为全球通用语是一个好主意,以提高每个人的机会平等(例如,在劳动力市场)。我们从理论和经验的角度对这种假设提出质疑,并认为平等地学习英语并不足以使每个人的机会平等。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of the Sociology of Language
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