Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340130
Julie A. Harris
The power ascribed to the Bible codex was expressed by the word Segulah, which in biblical Hebrew translates as “treasured possession.” In the later Middle Ages, however, this word is better translated as “remedy” or “occult virtue,” reflecting an infusion of medical and magical concepts which can be seen to align with ideas present in writings about Torah study by Profiat Duran (Ma’aseh Efod, 1403). This article finds visual evidence for a multi-faceted understanding of Segulah in the Seder marks which were added to the thirteenth-century Iberian Bible known as the Damascus Keter (JNUL 4 790).
《圣经》手抄本的力量用Segulah这个词来表达，在《圣经》希伯来语中翻译为“珍贵的财产”。然而，在中世纪后期，这个词被更好地翻译为“补救”或“神秘的美德”，反映了医学和魔法概念的注入，可以看到与Profiat Duran (Ma 'aseh Efod, 1403)关于Torah研究的著作中的观点相一致。本文在家宴标记中找到了对Segulah的多方面理解的视觉证据，这些标记被添加到13世纪的伊比利亚圣经中，称为大马士革Keter (JNUL 4,790)。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340132
Julia M Smith
{"title":"Dissimilar Similitudes. Devotional Objects in Late Medieval Europe, written by Caroline Walker Bynum","authors":"Julia M Smith","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42146256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340135
Christian C. Sahner
{"title":"The Martyrdom of the Franciscans: Islam, the Papacy, and an Order in Conflict, written by Christopher MacEvitt","authors":"Christian C. Sahner","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48461063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340140
Tzafrir Barzilay
In twelfth-century northern Europe, public declarative violence was often employed to establish and demonstrate authority, lordship and power. This article argues that Jews adopted the Christian language of violence but reshaped it to communicate their own views and culture. The first section focuses on depictions of public violence during the persecution of the First Crusade, and on changes in Jewish liturgical practices supported by violent narratives. It shows that during the twelfth century, these descriptions became blunter and more evocative, and were established as a major feature of Jewish culture. The second section analyses the place of declarative public violence in contemporary Christian culture, while comparing it to Jewish perceptions on this issue. It shows that Jews saw such violence as major means to prove loyalty to their identity, to communicate their values and to claim authority.
{"title":"Shock and Awe: Medieval Northern European Jews and the Language of Violence","authors":"Tzafrir Barzilay","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In twelfth-century northern Europe, public declarative violence was often employed to establish and demonstrate authority, lordship and power. This article argues that Jews adopted the Christian language of violence but reshaped it to communicate their own views and culture. The first section focuses on depictions of public violence during the persecution of the First Crusade, and on changes in Jewish liturgical practices supported by violent narratives. It shows that during the twelfth century, these descriptions became blunter and more evocative, and were established as a major feature of Jewish culture. The second section analyses the place of declarative public violence in contemporary Christian culture, while comparing it to Jewish perceptions on this issue. It shows that Jews saw such violence as major means to prove loyalty to their identity, to communicate their values and to claim authority.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47223566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340138
D. Weiss
Original sin was one of the contentious issues that stood at the heart of the Catholic- Pelagian debate in the early 400’s. In recent years, patristic scholars have sought to uncover Cyril of Alexandria’s (376–444 CE) position on this central Catholic teaching. This essay proposes that scholars have overlooked an important indicator of Cyril’s view on this matter, that is, his multi-paged critique of the theological doctrine of parental sin that appears in his Commentary to the Gospel of John (9:1–3). I will argue that just as the debate over parental sin played an explicit and central role in the Augustinian-Pelagian debates on original sin, so too the debate over parental sin could shed some light on Cyril’s attitude toward original sin.
{"title":"Cyril of Alexandria’s Critique of “Jewish” Parental Sin","authors":"D. Weiss","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340138","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Original sin was one of the contentious issues that stood at the heart of the Catholic- Pelagian debate in the early 400’s. In recent years, patristic scholars have sought to uncover Cyril of Alexandria’s (376–444 CE) position on this central Catholic teaching. This essay proposes that scholars have overlooked an important indicator of Cyril’s view on this matter, that is, his multi-paged critique of the theological doctrine of parental sin that appears in his Commentary to the Gospel of John (9:1–3). I will argue that just as the debate over parental sin played an explicit and central role in the Augustinian-Pelagian debates on original sin, so too the debate over parental sin could shed some light on Cyril’s attitude toward original sin.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47134479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340143
S. Tougher
{"title":"Byzantine Intersectionality: Sexuality, Gender, and Race in the Middle Ages, written by Roland Betancourt","authors":"S. Tougher","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42558944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340144
Glen Van Brummelen
{"title":"On Both Sides of the Strait of Gibraltar: Studies in the History of Medieval Astronomy in the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghrib, written by Julio Samsó","authors":"Glen Van Brummelen","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46039264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340139
Adam Simmons
The visit of the Nubian “king” to Constantinople in 1203 during the Fourth Crusade was a unique episode in the history of crusading and survives in only one account, that of the French knight Robert de Clari. No other Crusade witnessed a similar encounter with a Nubian royal, yet the “king’s” appeareance is not described by any other Latin European, or even alluded to in contemporary Byzantine documents either. Despite this apparent ignorance in the sources, the “king” and his companions were seemingly the product of centuries of interactions between Christian Nubia and the Mediterranean which had developed over 600 years and remained intact despite the disturbances of the Arab conquests and the Crusades, as well as recently formed connections. This article seeks to situate the visit within these interactions to better understand how and why this encounter occured.
1203年第四次十字军东征期间，努比亚“国王”访问君士坦丁堡，这是十字军东征历史上的一个独特事件，只有一种说法流传下来，那就是法国骑士罗伯特·德·克拉利(Robert de Clari)。没有其他的十字军与努比亚皇室有过类似的遭遇，然而“国王”的外貌没有被任何其他拉丁欧洲人描述过，甚至在当代拜占庭文献中也没有提及。尽管对资料的无知，“国王”和他的同伴似乎是基督教努比亚和地中海之间几个世纪互动的产物，这种互动已经发展了600多年，尽管受到阿拉伯征服和十字军东征的干扰，但仍然保持完整，以及最近形成的联系。本文试图将这次访问置于这些互动中，以更好地理解这种接触是如何以及为什么发生的。
{"title":"The Nubian “King” in Constantinople (1203): Interactions between Nubia and the Mediterranean","authors":"Adam Simmons","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340139","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The visit of the Nubian “king” to Constantinople in 1203 during the Fourth Crusade was a unique episode in the history of crusading and survives in only one account, that of the French knight Robert de Clari. No other Crusade witnessed a similar encounter with a Nubian royal, yet the “king’s” appeareance is not described by any other Latin European, or even alluded to in contemporary Byzantine documents either. Despite this apparent ignorance in the sources, the “king” and his companions were seemingly the product of centuries of interactions between Christian Nubia and the Mediterranean which had developed over 600 years and remained intact despite the disturbances of the Arab conquests and the Crusades, as well as recently formed connections. This article seeks to situate the visit within these interactions to better understand how and why this encounter occured.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48819591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340141
S. Sadik
{"title":"Metaphor and Imagination in Medieval Jewish Thought: Moses Ibn Ezra, Judah Halevi, Moses Maimonides and Shem Tov ibn Falaquera, written by Dianna Lynn Roberts-Zauderer","authors":"S. Sadik","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46541666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340145
Jonathan H. Shannon
{"title":"The Musical Heritage of Al-Andalus, written by Dwight F. Reynolds","authors":"Jonathan H. Shannon","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45672692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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