{"title":"Women’s participation in the interwar Roma movement in Romania","authors":"Petre Matei","doi":"10.3828/rost.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47629067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women in the circle of the “royal” Kwiek family in the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939)","authors":"Alicja Gontarek","doi":"10.3828/rost.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47820865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:From the 1990s to the beginning of the twenty-first century, Romani migration from Central and Eastern Europe to Western countries was an important political issue that was regularly communicated in the mass media. Media attention was drawn predominantly to cases where Romani in Western countries applied for asylum. This text deals with one of the most heavily publicised cases; the migration of Romani from the Czech Republic to Canada. The text summarizes the process of these migrations, their basic characteristics, and media response in the Czech Republic. It shows the ambivalence of media exposure when, on one hand, it often struggles to act as an anti-migration element, but on the other, ranks among the triggers of migration. The text also shows that media attention, in addition to the behaviour of Romani in source and destination countries, also caused the governments of the participating countries to intensify their focus on Romani issues. The author shows that during the period when Canada imposed a visa requirement for the Czech Republic due to the number of asylum applications (1997–2013), the method of informing about Romani migrations changed significantly, becoming radicalized, and polarized. In conclusion, the author compares the method of informing about Romani migrations with the data available on Germany, Hungary, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
{"title":"Romani migration from the Czech Republic to Canada: Czech media communication","authors":"Z. Uherek","doi":"10.3828/rost.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:From the 1990s to the beginning of the twenty-first century, Romani migration from Central and Eastern Europe to Western countries was an important political issue that was regularly communicated in the mass media. Media attention was drawn predominantly to cases where Romani in Western countries applied for asylum. This text deals with one of the most heavily publicised cases; the migration of Romani from the Czech Republic to Canada. The text summarizes the process of these migrations, their basic characteristics, and media response in the Czech Republic. It shows the ambivalence of media exposure when, on one hand, it often struggles to act as an anti-migration element, but on the other, ranks among the triggers of migration. The text also shows that media attention, in addition to the behaviour of Romani in source and destination countries, also caused the governments of the participating countries to intensify their focus on Romani issues. The author shows that during the period when Canada imposed a visa requirement for the Czech Republic due to the number of asylum applications (1997–2013), the method of informing about Romani migrations changed significantly, becoming radicalized, and polarized. In conclusion, the author compares the method of informing about Romani migrations with the data available on Germany, Hungary, Canada, and the United Kingdom.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"269 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48190232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The paper investigates the development of length alternations in adjectives and possessive pronouns in four geographically distant South Central Romani varieties spoken in Hungary. Phonemic length alternation developed in possessive pronouns, inherited Romani adjectives and some adjectives borrowed prior to contact with Hungarian. The distribution of short and long segments is similar in all four varieties, predominantly exhibiting short segments in attributive position and long segments in predicative position. We suggest that the length alternations have developed from the different discourse pragmatic functions of adjectives in attributive and predicative position: adjectives in attributive position introduce new information on the head noun only while in predicative position they introduce new information into discourse, i.e. they represent the rheme. We also show that possessive pronouns with long segments are used by speakers in attributive position for expressive purposes, leading to the conclusion that some varieties distinguish thematic and rhematic forms of possessives through length alternations.
{"title":"Development of phonemic length alternation in adjectives and possessive pronouns in South Central Romani","authors":"Zuzana Bodnárová, Jakob Wiedner","doi":"10.3828/rost.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The paper investigates the development of length alternations in adjectives and possessive pronouns in four geographically distant South Central Romani varieties spoken in Hungary. Phonemic length alternation developed in possessive pronouns, inherited Romani adjectives and some adjectives borrowed prior to contact with Hungarian. The distribution of short and long segments is similar in all four varieties, predominantly exhibiting short segments in attributive position and long segments in predicative position. We suggest that the length alternations have developed from the different discourse pragmatic functions of adjectives in attributive and predicative position: adjectives in attributive position introduce new information on the head noun only while in predicative position they introduce new information into discourse, i.e. they represent the rheme. We also show that possessive pronouns with long segments are used by speakers in attributive position for expressive purposes, leading to the conclusion that some varieties distinguish thematic and rhematic forms of possessives through length alternations.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"221 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45372128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Romani demonstratives (“this,” “that”) show great diversity across dialects. The number of demonstrative pronouns in some living dialects is quite impressive (e.g. at least 17 in Russian Romani), and in terms of type of deixis they represent (in some dialects) a four-term system: “this [visible],” “that [imaginary],” “this [of two or more, visible],” “that [of two or more, imaginary],” which has been convincingly shown by Y. Matras, who has also proposed a reconstruction of their proto-forms. His reconstruction is now generally accepted, although it violates, in many respects, the comparative historical procedure. The present article gives an overview of the systems of demonstrative pronouns across Romani dialects and proposes a new reconstruction, which yields two sets of Proto-Romani demonstratives, inflected and uninflected, and suggests that all modern systems are reducible to a single Proto-Romani state, the number of innovations in individual dialects being relatively small.
{"title":"Reconstruction of Proto-Romani demonstratives","authors":"M. Oslon","doi":"10.3828/rost.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Romani demonstratives (“this,” “that”) show great diversity across dialects. The number of demonstrative pronouns in some living dialects is quite impressive (e.g. at least 17 in Russian Romani), and in terms of type of deixis they represent (in some dialects) a four-term system: “this [visible],” “that [imaginary],” “this [of two or more, visible],” “that [of two or more, imaginary],” which has been convincingly shown by Y. Matras, who has also proposed a reconstruction of their proto-forms. His reconstruction is now generally accepted, although it violates, in many respects, the comparative historical procedure. The present article gives an overview of the systems of demonstrative pronouns across Romani dialects and proposes a new reconstruction, which yields two sets of Proto-Romani demonstratives, inflected and uninflected, and suggests that all modern systems are reducible to a single Proto-Romani state, the number of innovations in individual dialects being relatively small.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"151 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45117573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:On the basis of long-term ethnographic research (2013–2019) with the community of Romani musicians in Klenovec (Slovakia), this article develops an inductive theoretical model explaining distinct features in the local performance of Romani ethnicity. It discusses the theory of ethnicity construction through the lens of exclusion processes involving the non-Romani majority – the pariahdom boundary – and the Romani adaptation to the conditions of this boundary. Through this theoretical model, the article aims to answer two central questions: (1) How is the pariahdom boundary in Klenovec constructed and maintained from the perspective of non-Roma? (2) Which common strategies do Roma use to adapt to the condition of the pariahdom boundary? The article shows that Romani musicianship in Klenovec is a special form of ethnic performance that allows for the effects of the pariahdom boundary to be minimized without sacrificing individual Roma-ness.
{"title":"Performance of Romani ethnicity in Klenovec: The pariahdom boundary and its markers","authors":"Petr Nuska","doi":"10.3828/rost.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:On the basis of long-term ethnographic research (2013–2019) with the community of Romani musicians in Klenovec (Slovakia), this article develops an inductive theoretical model explaining distinct features in the local performance of Romani ethnicity. It discusses the theory of ethnicity construction through the lens of exclusion processes involving the non-Romani majority – the pariahdom boundary – and the Romani adaptation to the conditions of this boundary. Through this theoretical model, the article aims to answer two central questions: (1) How is the pariahdom boundary in Klenovec constructed and maintained from the perspective of non-Roma? (2) Which common strategies do Roma use to adapt to the condition of the pariahdom boundary? The article shows that Romani musicianship in Klenovec is a special form of ethnic performance that allows for the effects of the pariahdom boundary to be minimized without sacrificing individual Roma-ness.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"247 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44079594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Selice Romani has developed phonemic vowel length due to long-term bilingualism of the speakers in Hungarian. The present paper aims to provide a basic descriptive account of both the synchronic (phonological, phonotactic, and morphophono-logical) aspects of vowel length and its development in this Romani variety. The major source of long vowels in the pre-Hungarian compartment was pretonic substitutive lengthening through contact-induced phonemicization of pre-existing allophonic variation. The subsequent contact-induced stress fixation licensed the hypoanalysis of vowel length as a lexical property of morphemes and analogical extension of long vowels.
{"title":"Vowel length in Selice Romani: Phonology, morphophonology, and diachrony","authors":"Viktor Elšík","doi":"10.3828/rost.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Selice Romani has developed phonemic vowel length due to long-term bilingualism of the speakers in Hungarian. The present paper aims to provide a basic descriptive account of both the synchronic (phonological, phonotactic, and morphophono-logical) aspects of vowel length and its development in this Romani variety. The major source of long vowels in the pre-Hungarian compartment was pretonic substitutive lengthening through contact-induced phonemicization of pre-existing allophonic variation. The subsequent contact-induced stress fixation licensed the hypoanalysis of vowel length as a lexical property of morphemes and analogical extension of long vowels.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"185 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48178575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The origin of the Gypsies’ slavery, as we understand it today, could not be known to the traditional Romanian society at the beginning of the nineteenth century. For their self-understanding and that of the world around them, those people related less to a distant past or to their real historical ancestors and more to the present, cultivating significant differences from their contemporaries. These differences were projected into a quasi-mythological past and justified by invoking authoritative characters such as God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, various saints. As to the Gypsies’ representations, they were built around oppositions such as: slave vs. free man, honourable vs. infamous occupations, white vs. black, nomadic vs. sedentary, Orthodox vs. pagan. Differences from “the other” were exaggerated and manipulated. As the Gypsies were, par excellence, slaves, the texts generally used to explain their servitude or enslavement could be invoked to explain the origin of the Gypsies. After several local adaptations, the hagiography of Gregory of Agrigento came to serve as an explanation for the slavery of the Gypsies, whose allegedly sinful ancestors received their due punishment in the form of eternal slavery. The first part of this article attempts to sketch the mental horizon of the traditional society of the early nineteenth century, while the second part presents different variants of the hagiography which are analysed in order to observe since when and to what extent its varying elements could contribute to societal understandings and legitimizations of Gypsy slavery.
{"title":"Understanding and legitimizing Gypsy slavery in the traditional Romanian society – the life of St Gregory of Agrigento","authors":"Petre Matei","doi":"10.3828/rost.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The origin of the Gypsies’ slavery, as we understand it today, could not be known to the traditional Romanian society at the beginning of the nineteenth century. For their self-understanding and that of the world around them, those people related less to a distant past or to their real historical ancestors and more to the present, cultivating significant differences from their contemporaries. These differences were projected into a quasi-mythological past and justified by invoking authoritative characters such as God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, various saints. As to the Gypsies’ representations, they were built around oppositions such as: slave vs. free man, honourable vs. infamous occupations, white vs. black, nomadic vs. sedentary, Orthodox vs. pagan. Differences from “the other” were exaggerated and manipulated. As the Gypsies were, par excellence, slaves, the texts generally used to explain their servitude or enslavement could be invoked to explain the origin of the Gypsies. After several local adaptations, the hagiography of Gregory of Agrigento came to serve as an explanation for the slavery of the Gypsies, whose allegedly sinful ancestors received their due punishment in the form of eternal slavery. The first part of this article attempts to sketch the mental horizon of the traditional society of the early nineteenth century, while the second part presents different variants of the hagiography which are analysed in order to observe since when and to what extent its varying elements could contribute to societal understandings and legitimizations of Gypsy slavery.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"295 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Introducing the Discussions section","authors":"E. Marushiakova, Colin S. Clark","doi":"10.3828/rost.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"293 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46441388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This research article concerns the experiences of 15 members of the Gypsy Roma Traveller Police Association (GRTPA). Following contact via snowball research methods these members – 12 of whom are regular police officers, the remaining three comprising of a retired officer, a civilian member of staff and a police community support officer (PCSO) – agreed to take part in semi-structured interviews. The majority claimed Gypsy, Roma, or Traveller (GRT) heritage, and, set against a conceptual framework concerning anti-gypsyism, the way in which these members are subjected to what is regarded here as “peripheral inclusion” becomes evident as concerns are raised within this article as to the conduct of some police officers towards both GRTPA members and the wider GRT communities. This is framed against a background of three specific topics raised as cause for concern by participants within the initial focus group: policing by consent, the policing of Traveller sites, and the impact of racism on GRTPA members claiming GRT ethnicity. Overall, the key findings indicate that anti-gypsyism impacts relationships between some police and GRTs, that the community appears not to be policed by consent, and that GRTs are commonly viewed as criminal by some police making it difficult for many GRT officers to raise their voices and claim an ethnic status that has been so discredited. Thus a recommendation is for trainee officers to be schooled to appreciate the importance of incorporating cultural competency into the workplace and meaningfully respect diversity in all its forms.
{"title":"Peripheral inclusion? Gypsy Roma Traveller Police Association officers speak out","authors":"A. Drummond","doi":"10.3828/rs.2022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rs.2022.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This research article concerns the experiences of 15 members of the Gypsy Roma Traveller Police Association (GRTPA). Following contact via snowball research methods these members – 12 of whom are regular police officers, the remaining three comprising of a retired officer, a civilian member of staff and a police community support officer (PCSO) – agreed to take part in semi-structured interviews. The majority claimed Gypsy, Roma, or Traveller (GRT) heritage, and, set against a conceptual framework concerning anti-gypsyism, the way in which these members are subjected to what is regarded here as “peripheral inclusion” becomes evident as concerns are raised within this article as to the conduct of some police officers towards both GRTPA members and the wider GRT communities. This is framed against a background of three specific topics raised as cause for concern by participants within the initial focus group: policing by consent, the policing of Traveller sites, and the impact of racism on GRTPA members claiming GRT ethnicity. Overall, the key findings indicate that anti-gypsyism impacts relationships between some police and GRTs, that the community appears not to be policed by consent, and that GRTs are commonly viewed as criminal by some police making it difficult for many GRT officers to raise their voices and claim an ethnic status that has been so discredited. Thus a recommendation is for trainee officers to be schooled to appreciate the importance of incorporating cultural competency into the workplace and meaningfully respect diversity in all its forms.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"105 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47543013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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