This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
本文以 CC BY 许可的方式公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Editorial: Epistemologies in Romani studies: Moving beyond othering otherness","authors":"Victoria Shmidt, B. Jaworsky","doi":"10.3828/rost.2024.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces the analysis of biographical interviews focusing on the negotiation of the day-to-day child-raising by Czech Roma mothers. We demonstrate the narrative reflection of ethnic identity, as well as coping strategies and ways out of the discursive subjugation of being marginalized by ethnic othering. We present coping strategies based on 1) vacillating between refusal and resigned acceptance of the negative discourse among the ethnic majority, 2) claiming normality through universal humanism, the submission of racialized microaggression, and the psychologizing of an aggressor, and 3) embracing family pride and social dissent. We find that primary socialization is an important element in tackling the discursive subjugation of ethnic othering. Further, we outline suggestions for the following research of othering mechanisms that seem to endure in European societies in terms of the reproduction of social inequalities. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
本文介绍了对传记访谈的分析，重点关注捷克罗姆族母亲在日常育儿过程中的协商。我们展示了对种族身份的叙述反映，以及摆脱被种族边缘化的话语征服的应对策略和方法。我们提出的应对策略包括：1）在拒绝和无奈地接受多数族裔的负面言论之间徘徊；2）通过普遍的人道主义、屈服于种族化的微小侵犯和对侵犯者的心理化来声称自己是正常的；3）拥抱家庭自豪感和社会异议。我们发现，初级社会化是解决种族他者化话语征服问题的重要因素。此外，我们还概述了对 "他者化 "机制的后续研究建议，这些机制似乎在欧洲社会中持续存在，并再现了社会不平等现象。 本文以 CC BY 许可方式公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Discursive subjugation and the ways out: Narratives of othering among Czech Roma mothers","authors":"Kateřina SIDIROPULU-JANKŮ, Jana Obrovská","doi":"10.3828/rost.2024.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2024.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the analysis of biographical interviews focusing on the negotiation of the day-to-day child-raising by Czech Roma mothers. We demonstrate the narrative reflection of ethnic identity, as well as coping strategies and ways out of the discursive subjugation of being marginalized by ethnic othering. We present coping strategies based on 1) vacillating between refusal and resigned acceptance of the negative discourse among the ethnic majority, 2) claiming normality through universal humanism, the submission of racialized microaggression, and the psychologizing of an aggressor, and 3) embracing family pride and social dissent. We find that primary socialization is an important element in tackling the discursive subjugation of ethnic othering. Further, we outline suggestions for the following research of othering mechanisms that seem to endure in European societies in terms of the reproduction of social inequalities.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brazilian medical texts sometimes forge a link between Ciganos (Romanies) and the spread of trachoma, an infectious eye disease. The form of the claim has become standardized into something like this: trachoma was brought to the country in the eighteenth century by Ciganos who were deported from Portugal to the provinces of Maranhão and Ceará. This article traces the origins of this claim to a group of early twentieth-century ophthalmologists from Northeast Brazil, particularly in Ceará. It reveals that several racial projects are folded into the claim and makes a case for the need to approach the dynamics of racialization of Romanies relationally. The analysis of the Romani societal position, characteristics ascribed to them in relation to other communities, and the ways those communities are racialized not only reveals new insights but breaches the continued insularity of Romani studies. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
巴西的医学文献有时会将吉普赛人（Ciganos）与沙眼（一种传染性眼病）的传播联系起来。这种说法的形式已经标准化为：沙眼是十八世纪被从葡萄牙驱逐到马拉尼昂省和塞阿拉省的塞加诺人带到巴西的。本文追溯了这一说法的起源，即二十世纪初一群来自巴西东北部，特别是塞阿拉州的眼科医生。文章揭示了这一说法中包含的多个种族项目，并提出有必要从关系的角度探讨罗姆人种族化的动态。对罗姆人的社会地位、他们相对于其他族群的特征以及这些族群被种族化的方式的分析，不仅揭示了新的见解，而且打破了罗姆人研究的持续封闭性。 本文根据 CC BY 许可公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Romanies within the interlocking matrix of racialization: How Ciganos in Brazil became accused of introducing an infectious disease","authors":"Martin Fotta","doi":"10.3828/rost.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"Brazilian medical texts sometimes forge a link between Ciganos (Romanies) and the spread of trachoma, an infectious eye disease. The form of the claim has become standardized into something like this: trachoma was brought to the country in the eighteenth century by Ciganos who were deported from Portugal to the provinces of Maranhão and Ceará. This article traces the origins of this claim to a group of early twentieth-century ophthalmologists from Northeast Brazil, particularly in Ceará. It reveals that several racial projects are folded into the claim and makes a case for the need to approach the dynamics of racialization of Romanies relationally. The analysis of the Romani societal position, characteristics ascribed to them in relation to other communities, and the ways those communities are racialized not only reveals new insights but breaches the continued insularity of Romani studies.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we challenge the idea that the development and the dissemination of scientific knowledge about Roma can be understood as “Eastern” or “Western.” Instead, we argue that the classical division between “science” and “pseudoscience” has the potential to fuel scientific racism and political and social exclusion across the globe. We narrate, for the first time, the role of sociobiology in the development of Roma “race science,” highlighting the ways in which its networks are developed and maintained. These specific mechanisms underlying the production of knowledge and its social and ideological effects may have further applications, such as the spread of mis- and dis-information. Our intent is to examine the attempts to deconstruct sociobiology and its application to Roma, by focusing on the effect of selective awareness among critics of sociobiology, which inevitably leads to the use of epistemic filters and heightens the risk of producing epistemic injustice. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
在本文中，我们对关于罗姆人的科学知识的发展和传播可以被理解为 "东方 "或 "西方 "的观点提出质疑。相反，我们认为，"科学 "与 "伪科学 "之间的经典划分有可能在全球范围内助长科学种族主义以及政治和社会排斥。我们首次叙述了社会生物学在罗姆人 "种族科学 "发展中的作用，强调了其网络发展和维持的方式。这些知识生产的具体机制及其社会和意识形态影响可能会有更多的应用，如错误信息和虚假信息的传播。我们的目的是通过关注社会生物学批评者选择性意识的影响，审视解构社会生物学的尝试及其在罗姆人身上的应用，这种选择性意识不可避免地导致使用认识论过滤器，并增加了产生认识论不公正的风险。 本文以 CC BY 许可方式公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Invincible racism? The misuse of genetically informed arguments against Roma in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Victoria Shmidt, Christopher R. Donohue","doi":"10.3828/rost.2024.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2024.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we challenge the idea that the development and the dissemination of scientific knowledge about Roma can be understood as “Eastern” or “Western.” Instead, we argue that the classical division between “science” and “pseudoscience” has the potential to fuel scientific racism and political and social exclusion across the globe. We narrate, for the first time, the role of sociobiology in the development of Roma “race science,” highlighting the ways in which its networks are developed and maintained. These specific mechanisms underlying the production of knowledge and its social and ideological effects may have further applications, such as the spread of mis- and dis-information. Our intent is to examine the attempts to deconstruct sociobiology and its application to Roma, by focusing on the effect of selective awareness among critics of sociobiology, which inevitably leads to the use of epistemic filters and heightens the risk of producing epistemic injustice.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"33 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our study interprets the activities and products of Romani Design, a Budapest-based high fashion company. We discuss their creative technique and ideology, which programmatically construct a distinctive Romani identity in their fashion products. Their activities take part not just in the maistream world of fashion shows and fashion business but they also appear in special spaces of representation, for example, in a major city museum exhibition, mobilizing visual parallels with eighteenth-century artistic paintings. They also take part in a religious, ritual event, the dressing of the statue of the Virgin Mary in a church in the Romani community space of the Csatka pilgrimage feast. All three event spaces serve to position a “Gypsy” identity, as well as a confident but also contradictory Romani bodily-spiritual projection through objects and their placement. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
我们的研究对罗曼尼设计公司（一家位于布达佩斯的高级时装公司）的活动和产品进行了解读。我们讨论了他们的创意技术和意识形态，这些技术和意识形态在他们的时尚产品中构建了独特的罗姆人身份。他们的活动不仅出现在时装表演和时装商业的主流世界中，而且还出现在特殊的表现空间中，例如，在一个大型城市博物馆的展览中，调动了与十八世纪艺术绘画的视觉相似性。她们还参与了一项宗教仪式活动，即在 Csatka 朝圣盛宴的罗姆社区空间的教堂中为圣母玛利亚雕像换装。所有这三个活动空间都通过物品及其摆放位置来定位 "吉普赛人 "身份，以及自信但又矛盾的罗姆人身体-精神投射。 本文以 CC BY 许可方式公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Fashion and pilgrimage: Discourses constructing Romani identity","authors":"Petra Egri, Zoltán Beck, Antal Bókay","doi":"10.3828/rost.2024.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2024.5","url":null,"abstract":"Our study interprets the activities and products of Romani Design, a Budapest-based high fashion company. We discuss their creative technique and ideology, which programmatically construct a distinctive Romani identity in their fashion products. Their activities take part not just in the maistream world of fashion shows and fashion business but they also appear in special spaces of representation, for example, in a major city museum exhibition, mobilizing visual parallels with eighteenth-century artistic paintings. They also take part in a religious, ritual event, the dressing of the statue of the Virgin Mary in a church in the Romani community space of the Csatka pilgrimage feast. All three event spaces serve to position a “Gypsy” identity, as well as a confident but also contradictory Romani bodily-spiritual projection through objects and their placement.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
American historians have created an historical absence by ignoring Romani people’s presence in evidence from the past. The origins of this “absence-ing” are multifaceted and interrelated, but fundamentally stem from the continued influence of out-of-date and unprofessional ways of thinking and knowing. Examining and understanding “absence-ing” requires a consideration of the nature of the discipline of history as well as a history of the missing historicization of Romani Americans. The consequences of the “absence-ing” of Romani people from American histories have negatively and distinctively influenced four different groups of people: historians of the Americas; historians of Romani people in Europe; Romani studies scholars of the Americas who are not historians; and Romani Americans. The harm that each of these four groups experiences builds upon and influences the others. Epistemic injustice is thus perpetuated in linked ways. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
美国历史学家无视罗姆人在过去证据中的存在，造成了历史缺失。这种 "缺失 "的根源是多方面的、相互关联的，但从根本上说，是由于过时的、非专业的思维和认知方式的持续影响。研究和理解 "缺失 "需要考虑历史学科的性质以及美国罗姆人历史化缺失的历史。美国历史中罗姆人的 "缺失 "所造成的后果对四个不同的群体产生了负面的、独特的影响：美洲历史学家、欧洲罗姆人历史学家、非历史学家的美洲罗姆人研究学者以及美国罗姆人。这四个群体中的每一个群体所经历的伤害都建立在其他群体的基础之上，并影响着其他群体。因此，认识论上的不公正以相互关联的方式长期存在。 本文以 CC BY 许可方式公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Romani American history: Historical absences and their consequences","authors":"Ann Ostendorf","doi":"10.3828/rost.2024.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2024.2","url":null,"abstract":"American historians have created an historical absence by ignoring Romani people’s presence in evidence from the past. The origins of this “absence-ing” are multifaceted and interrelated, but fundamentally stem from the continued influence of out-of-date and unprofessional ways of thinking and knowing. Examining and understanding “absence-ing” requires a consideration of the nature of the discipline of history as well as a history of the missing historicization of Romani Americans. The consequences of the “absence-ing” of Romani people from American histories have negatively and distinctively influenced four different groups of people: historians of the Americas; historians of Romani people in Europe; Romani studies scholars of the Americas who are not historians; and Romani Americans. The harm that each of these four groups experiences builds upon and influences the others. Epistemic injustice is thus perpetuated in linked ways.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"73 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
本文以 CC BY 许可的方式公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Így muzsikáltunk, Déki Lakatos Sándor cigányprímás élet- és családtörténete [That’s how we made music. The life and family history of the Gypsy first violinist Sándor Déki Lakatos]","authors":"Tamás Hajnáczky","doi":"10.3828/rost.2024.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2024.7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"342 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
本文以 CC BY 许可的方式公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Review article","authors":"Victoria Shmidt","doi":"10.3828/rost.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"28 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
本文以 CC BY 许可的方式公开发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Index to Volume 33","authors":"","doi":"10.3828/rost.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with a little-explored part of the history of the Gypsies: the repressions against them by the Soviet state security organs in the 1930s and 1940s. The persecution and arrest of Gypsies, led by “King” Yegor Mihai and members of the Kwiek royal house, took place both during the terror period of the 1930s and in the early stages of the Second World War. The article is based on previously unknown documents of the Soviet special organs, which are kept in the Ukrainian archives. The analysis of these sources led to the conclusion that the OGPU-NKVD-NKGB repressions against the so-called foreign Roma were aimed at the complete “cleansing” of the cities in the USSR of the presence of this ethnic group. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
{"title":"Repressions of the OGPU-NKVD-NKGB against Gypsies 1932–1941: On newly discovered materials from Ukrainian archives","authors":"Andrii Zhyvyuk","doi":"10.3828/rost.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/rost.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with a little-explored part of the history of the Gypsies: the repressions against them by the Soviet state security organs in the 1930s and 1940s. The persecution and arrest of Gypsies, led by “King” Yegor Mihai and members of the Kwiek royal house, took place both during the terror period of the 1930s and in the early stages of the Second World War. The article is based on previously unknown documents of the Soviet special organs, which are kept in the Ukrainian archives. The analysis of these sources led to the conclusion that the OGPU-NKVD-NKGB repressions against the so-called foreign Roma were aimed at the complete “cleansing” of the cities in the USSR of the presence of this ethnic group.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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