Abstract: This article aims to reveal the multidimensional aspects of social exclusion of Roma in Turkey, which manifests itself in the stigmatized space of Roma neighborhood. In our analysis, we do not depict ‘Roma’ distinctively as an ethnic category but as a ‘low status’ in the society that is embedded in the stigmatized places. We argue that those from a Roma neighborhood hold a common “stigmatized spatial identity”, regardless of their ethnicity, which determines the processes of poverty and social exclusion in different spheres of life. In order to unfold the process of social exclusion that we refer to as the “Romanization of poverty”, our study provides analysis under the analytical category of spatial stigmatization intertwined with insecure livelihood.
{"title":"The Romanization of poverty: Spatial stigmatization of Roma neighborhoods in Turkey","authors":"A. Başak, M. Deniz, M. Ertan","doi":"10.3828/RS.2017.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2017.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article aims to reveal the multidimensional aspects of social exclusion of Roma in Turkey, which manifests itself in the stigmatized space of Roma neighborhood. In our analysis, we do not depict ‘Roma’ distinctively as an ethnic category but as a ‘low status’ in the society that is embedded in the stigmatized places. We argue that those from a Roma neighborhood hold a common “stigmatized spatial identity”, regardless of their ethnicity, which determines the processes of poverty and social exclusion in different spheres of life. In order to unfold the process of social exclusion that we refer to as the “Romanization of poverty”, our study provides analysis under the analytical category of spatial stigmatization intertwined with insecure livelihood.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"73 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2017.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46963636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Before the 1963 earthquake, Skopje was home to Romani dialects representing three major groups: South Vlax (Džambaz), Balkan II (Kovač or Burgudži), and South Balkan I (Arli). According to local tradition, there were seven Arli dialects spoken in Skopje: Topaanli, Barutči, Madžur, Konopar, Prištevač, Gilanli, and Gavutno. The author’s research confirmed this. The article selects phonological, morphological, and lexical features based on words and features that speakers themselves find emblematic in an attempt to tease out the differences among these dialects. What emerges is a clear divide between Topaanli, the oldest urban dialect, and Gavutno, the most recently arrived village dialect. The other dialects show a range of features between these two, with Barutči, the earliest arrival, closest to Topaanli. The other four show sets of commonalities and differences associated with contact languages, dialect contact, and separate developments. The urban–rural divide emerges as particularly significant, but the picture that emerges is best described in terms of a wave model rather than a branching model.
{"title":"Seven varieties of Arli: Skopje as a center of convergence and divergence of Romani dialects","authors":"V. Friedman","doi":"10.3828/RS.2017.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2017.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Before the 1963 earthquake, Skopje was home to Romani dialects representing three major groups: South Vlax (Džambaz), Balkan II (Kovač or Burgudži), and South Balkan I (Arli). According to local tradition, there were seven Arli dialects spoken in Skopje: Topaanli, Barutči, Madžur, Konopar, Prištevač, Gilanli, and Gavutno. The author’s research confirmed this. The article selects phonological, morphological, and lexical features based on words and features that speakers themselves find emblematic in an attempt to tease out the differences among these dialects. What emerges is a clear divide between Topaanli, the oldest urban dialect, and Gavutno, the most recently arrived village dialect. The other dialects show a range of features between these two, with Barutči, the earliest arrival, closest to Topaanli. The other four show sets of commonalities and differences associated with contact languages, dialect contact, and separate developments. The urban–rural divide emerges as particularly significant, but the picture that emerges is best described in terms of a wave model rather than a branching model.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"29 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2017.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48699688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: This article deals with the social exclusion of Romanies/‘Gypsies’ in Italy and the recent implementation of a state of emergency, the so-called Emergenza Nomadi (Nomad Emergency). It provides an investigation of the interactions between local institutions, civil society organisations and Romani people inside the so called campi nomadi (nomad camps) in Rome. The major contribution of this study is that it reveals the existence of a deeply rooted mechanism of marginalisation – the ‘camps system’ – in which corruption, lack of transparency and accountability, inefficiencies and antagonisms between a variety of competing actors have contributed to reify and crystallise the Romani condition.
{"title":"The ‘Piano Nomadi’ and its pyramidal governance: The hidden mechanism underlying the ‘camps system’ in Rome","authors":"Riccardo Armillei","doi":"10.3828/RS.2017.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2017.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article deals with the social exclusion of Romanies/‘Gypsies’ in Italy and the recent implementation of a state of emergency, the so-called Emergenza Nomadi (Nomad Emergency). It provides an investigation of the interactions between local institutions, civil society organisations and Romani people inside the so called campi nomadi (nomad camps) in Rome. The major contribution of this study is that it reveals the existence of a deeply rooted mechanism of marginalisation – the ‘camps system’ – in which corruption, lack of transparency and accountability, inefficiencies and antagonisms between a variety of competing actors have contributed to reify and crystallise the Romani condition.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"47 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2017.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41648068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: English law first began to mark out ‘Egyptians’ as a separate, criminalised group in the sixteenth century. This article examines how statute law constructed and implemented an Egyptian identity, and the effect this had on those prosecuted. A close reading of the four Tudor Egyptian statutes is provided, and relevant material from sixteenth- and seventeenth-century legal and judicial sources is compared to assess the implementation of the statutes. By focussing on the legal construction of the Egyptian identity, this article illuminates the ways in which the early modern state attempted to exert control over ‘Egyptians’. This was attempted through the application of loose definitions based around itinerancy and non-nativity that could be applied with great discretion. This ‘discretionary impulse’ connected the experience of ‘Egyptians’ with other travellers in the period, whilst enabling the agents of the State to exercise particularly close punishment and control. By examining a legally constructed identity, this article attempts to avoid reifying biases found in the traditional sources for Gypsy history in the period, and sheds light on the history of state-driven marginalisation and persecution.
{"title":"‘Counterfeit Egyptians’: The construction and implementation of a criminal identity in early modern England","authors":"J. Morgan","doi":"10.3828/RS.2016.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2016.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: English law first began to mark out ‘Egyptians’ as a separate, criminalised group in the sixteenth century. This article examines how statute law constructed and implemented an Egyptian identity, and the effect this had on those prosecuted. A close reading of the four Tudor Egyptian statutes is provided, and relevant material from sixteenth- and seventeenth-century legal and judicial sources is compared to assess the implementation of the statutes. By focussing on the legal construction of the Egyptian identity, this article illuminates the ways in which the early modern state attempted to exert control over ‘Egyptians’. This was attempted through the application of loose definitions based around itinerancy and non-nativity that could be applied with great discretion. This ‘discretionary impulse’ connected the experience of ‘Egyptians’ with other travellers in the period, whilst enabling the agents of the State to exercise particularly close punishment and control. By examining a legally constructed identity, this article attempts to avoid reifying biases found in the traditional sources for Gypsy history in the period, and sheds light on the history of state-driven marginalisation and persecution.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"105 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2016.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69944147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Over the past three decades, a series of documentary films featuring performing artists from Rajasthan have been produced. Extending the scholarly notion that the Roma historically migrated from India, these documentaries often portray present-day Rajasthani communities as descendants of Roma ancestors in India, and therefore as ‘Indian Gypsies’. These ‘realistic’ films have greatly influenced public perceptions on Gypsy cultural representations and express identity politics of Gypsy unity, but have hardly been studied so far. To gain insight into both the portrayal of Rajasthani artists as Gypsies and the representation of the Indian background of the Roma, this article presents the results of a contextualized content analysis of the films, complemented by ethnographic research. It shows that the image of the Indian Gypsy is grounded in the discursive interplay between Roma politics, commercial music industries and self-exoticizing marketing by Rajasthani artists.
{"title":"Representing Rajasthani roots: Indian Gypsy identity and origins in documentary films","authors":"Ayla Joncheere, I. Vandevelde","doi":"10.3828/RS.2016.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2016.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Over the past three decades, a series of documentary films featuring performing artists from Rajasthan have been produced. Extending the scholarly notion that the Roma historically migrated from India, these documentaries often portray present-day Rajasthani communities as descendants of Roma ancestors in India, and therefore as ‘Indian Gypsies’. These ‘realistic’ films have greatly influenced public perceptions on Gypsy cultural representations and express identity politics of Gypsy unity, but have hardly been studied so far. To gain insight into both the portrayal of Rajasthani artists as Gypsies and the representation of the Indian background of the Roma, this article presents the results of a contextualized content analysis of the films, complemented by ethnographic research. It shows that the image of the Indian Gypsy is grounded in the discursive interplay between Roma politics, commercial music industries and self-exoticizing marketing by Rajasthani artists.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"151 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2016.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69944197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The alleged Romani version of the Lord’s Prayer edited by Jean-Baptiste Gramaye in his book Oratio Dominica centum et amplius diuersis expressa linguis seu dialectis ex uariis auctoribus laudatis in libro de litteris et linguis uniuersi orbis, Bruxelles, 1622, is in all probability a fraud. The same verdict can be delivered on the version of the same text in Rotwelsch (German cant) collected in the same publication.
{"title":"Romani or Pseudo-Romani?: On the Lord’s Prayer in ‘Nubian’ by Jean-Baptiste Gramaye (1622)","authors":"I. Adiego","doi":"10.3828/RS.2016.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2016.10","url":null,"abstract":"The alleged Romani version of the Lord’s Prayer edited by Jean-Baptiste Gramaye in his book Oratio Dominica centum et amplius diuersis expressa linguis seu dialectis ex uariis auctoribus laudatis in libro de litteris et linguis uniuersi orbis, Bruxelles, 1622, is in all probability a fraud. The same verdict can be delivered on the version of the same text in Rotwelsch (German cant) collected in the same publication.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"175 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2016.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69944062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The article focuses on the discourse of the real or true Romani/traveller in Dominic Reeve’s life story, which consists of five autobiographical texts published between 1958 and 2010. Reeve defends various factions of Romanies/travellers from a real/fake dichotomy that partially dominates negotiations of recognition. This discourse changes over time from biological to bio-cultural and then to cultural, but then on to bio-genetic and finally a conflation of bio-genetic and cultural discourse. However, throughout these changes there is a structural sameness that Reeve cannot quite escape, and which casts doubt on whether the discourse actually does change. Ultimately, Reeve attempts to settle on a traveller-gauje divide, but the real/fake discourse re-emerges, thus reproducing the dominant discourse itself. During these negotiations, Reeve communicates with three seemingly competitive views of Romani/traveller identity, and in a sense re-unites them. On a more subjective level, Reeve gradually negotiates a much-desired position of group belonging for himself and this brings the life story into the frame of the bildungsroman.
{"title":"Authentic violence: The changing sameness of ‘real’ Romani discourse in Dominic Reeve’s life story","authors":"M. Shaw","doi":"10.3828/RS.2016.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2016.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article focuses on the discourse of the real or true Romani/traveller in Dominic Reeve’s life story, which consists of five autobiographical texts published between 1958 and 2010. Reeve defends various factions of Romanies/travellers from a real/fake dichotomy that partially dominates negotiations of recognition. This discourse changes over time from biological to bio-cultural and then to cultural, but then on to bio-genetic and finally a conflation of bio-genetic and cultural discourse. However, throughout these changes there is a structural sameness that Reeve cannot quite escape, and which casts doubt on whether the discourse actually does change. Ultimately, Reeve attempts to settle on a traveller-gauje divide, but the real/fake discourse re-emerges, thus reproducing the dominant discourse itself. During these negotiations, Reeve communicates with three seemingly competitive views of Romani/traveller identity, and in a sense re-unites them. On a more subjective level, Reeve gradually negotiates a much-desired position of group belonging for himself and this brings the life story into the frame of the bildungsroman.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"129 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2016.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69944156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Between 1792 and 1836 the Christian evangelists Thomas Tattershall, John Hoyland, Thomas Blackley, Samuel Roberts, and James Crabb published accounts of their efforts to ‘improve’ English Gypsies. Though their missionary activities failed, their writings preserve valuable ethnographic observations about pre-Victorian Gypsies. This article examines the prejudices, impressions, and influence of these five authors, and the information about Gypsies that their accounts and surveys yield.
{"title":"Evangelical ethnographers and English Gypsies from the 1790s to the 1830s","authors":"D. Cressy","doi":"10.3828/RS.2016.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2016.3","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1792 and 1836 the Christian evangelists Thomas Tattershall, John Hoyland, Thomas Blackley, Samuel Roberts, and James Crabb published accounts of their efforts to ‘improve’ English Gypsies. Though their missionary activities failed, their writings preserve valuable ethnographic observations about pre-Victorian Gypsies. This article examines the prejudices, impressions, and influence of these five authors, and the information about Gypsies that their accounts and surveys yield.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"63 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2016.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69944107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents a critical study of Aleksandar Petrović’s celebrated work I Even Met Happy Gypsies (1967). The analysis focuses on the content and functions of the cinematic gypsy figure drawing its insights from Yuri M. Lotman’s spatial model of culture, Critical Whiteness Studies, Postcolonial Studies and Antigypsyism. The transposition of the fictional gypsy into the idiom of film is considered in detail on the level of plot, character delineation and visual aesthetics. The work of the renowned Serbian director makes a superb example of the artistic strategies by which the gypsy myth is rendered into an ‘authentic’ ethnographic document. Also, a parallel is drawn between gypsy films and blackface minstrelsy shows as a way of elucidating the three central functions of racial masquerade staged in effect in all gypsy films that make a claim to ethnographic truthfulness.
{"title":"The figure of the imaginary gypsy in film: I Even Met Happy Gypsies (1967)","authors":"Radmila Mladenova","doi":"10.3828/RS.2016.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2016.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a critical study of Aleksandar Petrović’s celebrated work I Even Met Happy Gypsies (1967). The analysis focuses on the content and functions of the cinematic gypsy figure drawing its insights from Yuri M. Lotman’s spatial model of culture, Critical Whiteness Studies, Postcolonial Studies and Antigypsyism. The transposition of the fictional gypsy into the idiom of film is considered in detail on the level of plot, character delineation and visual aesthetics. The work of the renowned Serbian director makes a superb example of the artistic strategies by which the gypsy myth is rendered into an ‘authentic’ ethnographic document. Also, a parallel is drawn between gypsy films and blackface minstrelsy shows as a way of elucidating the three central functions of racial masquerade staged in effect in all gypsy films that make a claim to ethnographic truthfulness.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2016.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69944047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several Italian judges, including the members of the Supreme Court, have defined begging with children as a “Roma cultural practice”. In response, the Italian Parliament enacted law no. 94/2009, which severely represses the practice. The article contests that begging is a Roma cultural practice and claims, instead, that it is an economic practice which may sometimes connect to other elements of Roma culture. The article critiques both the cultural argument put forward by Italian judges, and Italian law no. 94/2009, neither of which serves to defend the rights of Roma children. It concludes by suggesting a different kind of legal approach to child begging, more respectful of the constitutional duty of solidarity and protection of the family, and based on social policies rather then criminal repression.
{"title":"Is begging a Roma cultural practice?: Answers from the Italian legal system and anthropology","authors":"Ilenia Ruggiu","doi":"10.3828/RS.2016.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2016.2","url":null,"abstract":"Several Italian judges, including the members of the Supreme Court, have defined begging with children as a “Roma cultural practice”. In response, the Italian Parliament enacted law no. 94/2009, which severely represses the practice. The article contests that begging is a Roma cultural practice and claims, instead, that it is an economic practice which may sometimes connect to other elements of Roma culture. The article critiques both the cultural argument put forward by Italian judges, and Italian law no. 94/2009, neither of which serves to defend the rights of Roma children. It concludes by suggesting a different kind of legal approach to child begging, more respectful of the constitutional duty of solidarity and protection of the family, and based on social policies rather then criminal repression.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"31 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2016.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69944099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：