Carbon Trends最新文献_第2页

Nanoscale friction and wear of graphite surface in ambient and underwater conditions 石墨表面在环境和水下条件下的纳米级摩擦和磨损

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100414

Jitendra Soni , Zhijiang Ye , Nitya Nand Gosvami

The tribological properties of graphite are extremely sensitive to surrounding environment, which affects its longevity and friction reduction performance. This study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the effects of a liquid environment on interactions at the sliding interface, thereby influencing the nanoscale tribological properties of graphite surfaces. By combining atomic force microscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we conducted a comparative analysis of friction and wear behavior of graphite under two different environmental conditions: ambient (air) and underwater condition. Our investigations explored both the step edge and interior (step-free) graphite surfaces. The experimental results revealed a notable contrast in the frictional and wear behavior of graphite at nanoscale in these two environments. The interior surface exhibited a friction coefficient (COF) of approximately 0.003 and 0.006 against a diamond-coated surface in ambient and underwater conditions, respectively. Interestingly, the underwater environment not only increased friction but also significantly compromised the wear resistance of graphene layers near the graphite surface compared to the ambient environment, as evidenced in both step edge and interior step-free regions. The interior region sustained up to ∼7400 nN load in ambient condition but failed at ∼1500 nN under water. Similarly, the step edge failed at ∼375 and ∼187.5 nN in ambient and underwater conditions, respectively. Our simulations revealed that the increased friction in underwater condition is due to resistance of surrounding water molecules during tip sliding. The presence of water at tip-graphite contact interface generated substantial localized stress, leading to the initiation of wear and revealing the pronounced effect of water on the wear characteristics of graphite in underwater condition.

石墨的摩擦学特性对周围环境极为敏感，这会影响其使用寿命和减摩性能。本研究旨在全面了解液体环境对滑动界面相互作用的影响，从而影响石墨表面的纳米级摩擦学特性。我们结合原子力显微镜实验和分子动力学模拟，对石墨在环境（空气）和水下两种不同环境条件下的摩擦和磨损行为进行了比较分析。我们的研究同时探索了石墨的阶梯边缘和内部（无阶梯）表面。实验结果表明，在这两种环境下，纳米级石墨的摩擦和磨损行为形成了明显的对比。在环境和水下条件下，内表面与金刚石涂层表面的摩擦系数（COF）分别约为 0.003 和 0.006。有趣的是，与周围环境相比，水下环境不仅增加了摩擦力，还大大降低了石墨表面附近石墨烯层的耐磨性，这一点在阶梯边缘和内部无阶梯区域都有体现。内部区域在环境条件下可承受高达 ∼7400 nN 的载荷，但在水下则在∼1500 nN 时失效。同样，在环境和水下条件下，阶梯边缘分别在 375 和 187.5 nN 下失效。我们的模拟结果表明，水下条件下摩擦力增大的原因是尖端滑动时周围水分子的阻力。水在尖端与石墨的接触界面上产生了巨大的局部应力，导致了磨损的开始，并揭示了水在水下条件下对石墨磨损特性的明显影响。

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引用次数: 0

Structural, electronic and dielectric properties of carbon nanotubes interacting with Co nanoclusters 与 Co 纳米团簇相互作用的碳纳米管的结构、电子和介电特性

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100410

Icare Morrot-Woisard , Emile K. Nguyen , Nicolas Vukadinovic , Mauro Boero

A new frontier in tuning the electromagnetic response of carbon-based materials, particularly carbon nanotubes, consists in adding metallic clusters or nanoparticles at their external surface. This allows to change optical, dielectric and magnetic properties with potential applications in electronics and telecommunications for aeronautics. By resorting to first principles dynamical simulations, we provide a microscopic picture of the interaction at finite temperature between a carbon nanotube and Co aggregates mimicking the experimental coverage. The electronic structure evolution provides the absorption spectrum and the dielectric function for comparison with experiments and guidelines for tuning these composite systems.

调整碳基材料（尤其是碳纳米管）电磁响应的一个新领域是在其外表面添加金属团簇或纳米粒子。这可以改变其光学、介电和磁学特性，并有望应用于航空电子和电信领域。通过第一原理动力学模拟，我们提供了碳纳米管与钴聚集体在有限温度下相互作用的微观图景，模拟了实验覆盖范围。电子结构演化提供了吸收光谱和介电函数，以便与实验进行比较，并为调整这些复合系统提供指导。

引用次数: 0

The influence of carbon content to the band gap of ABC stacked trilayer hybridized graphene and hexagonal boron nitride 碳含量对 ABC 叠层三层杂化石墨烯和六方氮化硼带隙的影响

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100413

Lingyun Sun

The influence of carbon content on the band gap of ABC stacked trilayer hybridized graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BNC) are calculated by first-principles calculations. The formation energy results indicate that the configurations with cluster of boron(B) and nitrogen(N) atoms are more stable than that with separate. By calculating the band structures of seven doping models, we found that the band gap reduces with the ascendance of carbon atom concentration. With the increase of the carbon atom content, the optical absorption peak shifts to longer wavelength range. Combined with the band structure results, the red-shift is due to the reduction of the bandgap with the increase of the carbon atom content. The density of states, charge densities and Mulliken populations suggest that the collapse of the band gap is attributed to the charge transfer between atoms in the seven doping models of the h-BNC system. This work is valuable for the band structure engineering of h-BNC.

通过第一性原理计算了碳含量对 ABC 叠层三层杂化石墨烯和六方氮化硼（h-BNC）带隙的影响。形成能结果表明，硼原子（B）和氮原子（N）组成的构型比单独组成的构型更稳定。通过计算七种掺杂模型的能带结构，我们发现能带间隙随着碳原子浓度的增加而减小。随着碳原子含量的增加，光吸收峰向更长的波长范围移动。结合带状结构结果，红移是由于带隙随着碳原子含量的增加而减小。状态密度、电荷密度和 Mulliken 种群表明，带隙的塌缩归因于 h-BNC 系统七个掺杂模型中原子间的电荷转移。这项工作对 h-BNC 的带状结构工程很有价值。

引用次数: 0

Optical investigation of degradation of graphene oxide in alkaline environment: Evidence of two distinct photon-emitting phases in visible region. 碱性环境中氧化石墨烯降解的光学研究：可见光区域两种不同光子发射阶段的证据。

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100412

Emiliano Burresi , Maria Lucia Protopapa

In this work we show a procedure of treating of the graphene oxide in alkaline environment as a function of the treatment time in order to obtain novel structures with strong luminescence properties, water-stable, useful as potential replacement for critical raw materials employed as example in optical and optoelectronic devices or for diagnostic and therapeutic technology. These structures have distinct blue and green-luminescence properties which derived most likely from different structural conformations, one associable with that of carbon quantum dots (or as an alternative to that of the Oxidative Debris), the other, lighter and more similar to organic compounds, reported in literature as fulvic-like molecules, but whose nature has to be further investigated. We show that the lighter fraction has a dual mechanism of photoemission: the excitation-independent PL for excitation wavelength within 350 nm and the excitation-dependent component for excitation wavelength ranging in the visible spectrum. The PL dual behaviour could depend on fluorescent nanoclusters composed by specific organic fluorophores with a carbonaceous core. FTIR analysis shows reasonably the same functional groups unless of some difference discussed in the text, meanwhile UV–Vis and PL analysis clearly highlight two distinct emissions (450 nm and 530 nm) in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Excitation-dependent photoluminescence, water stability and organic fluorescent nanostructures are issues particularly required for application in the biological field but also in materials science.

在这项工作中，我们展示了一种在碱性环境中处理氧化石墨烯的方法，该方法是处理时间的函数，目的是获得具有强发光特性的新型结构，这种结构在水中稳定，有可能替代光学和光电设备或诊断和治疗技术中使用的关键原材料。这些结构具有不同的蓝色和绿色发光特性，很可能来自不同的结构构象，其中一种与碳量子点的结构构象有关（或可替代氧化碎片的结构构象），另一种较轻，更类似于有机化合物，文献报道为富勒烯类分子，但其性质还有待进一步研究。我们的研究表明，较轻的部分具有双重光发射机制：在激发波长为 350 纳米以内时，具有与激发无关的光致发光特性；在可见光谱范围内，具有与激发有关的光致发光特性。光致发光的双重特性可能取决于由特定有机荧光团和碳质核心组成的荧光纳米团簇。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析显示出相同的官能团，但文中讨论的某些差异除外，而紫外可见光和聚光分析则清楚地显示出电磁波谱可见光区的两种不同发射（450 nm 和 530 nm）。与激发有关的光致发光、水稳定性和有机荧光纳米结构是生物领域和材料科学应用中特别需要解决的问题。

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引用次数: 0

Supramolecular interactions in graphene–chitosan composites with plasmonic nanoparticles 带有等离子纳米粒子的石墨烯-壳聚糖复合材料中的超分子相互作用

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100405

Sarah Briceño , Lorena Layana , Charlotte Berrezueta-Palacios , Lenin Andres Guerrero-León , Claudia Kroeckel , Duncan John Mowbray , Julio C. Chacón-Torres

The supramolecular interactions between graphene and biopolymers, such as chitosan, determine both whether nanostructured-hybrid materials are formed and their technologically relevant physical/chemical properties. However, there is still a fundamental lack of knowledge about how nanocomposites based on chitosan and graphene are formed, as well as their intrinsic structure and interaction with plasmonic nanoparticles. In this work, we provide an in-depth understanding of the supramolecular interactions between chitosan and graphene in the formation of graphene–chitosan nanocomposites with gold or silver nanoparticles. To do so, we employ a combination of Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to reveal the mechanism and driving forces behind these supramolecular interactions between graphene and chitosan. Specifically, we show they are based on a charge transfer process derived from the protonation of the amine groups of chitosan in acidic media. The understanding of the supramolecular interaction between graphene and chitosan that we provide herein should prove of great importance and interest to the material sciences and biomedical engineering fields.

石墨烯与壳聚糖等生物聚合物之间的超分子相互作用决定了是否会形成纳米结构杂化材料及其技术上相关的物理/化学特性。然而，人们对基于壳聚糖和石墨烯的纳米复合材料是如何形成的，以及它们的内在结构和与等离子纳米粒子的相互作用仍然缺乏基本的了解。在这项工作中，我们深入了解了壳聚糖和石墨烯在与金或银纳米粒子形成石墨烯-壳聚糖纳米复合材料过程中的超分子相互作用。为此，我们将拉曼光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X 射线光电子能谱测量与密度泛函理论计算相结合，揭示了石墨烯与壳聚糖之间超分子相互作用的机理和驱动力。具体来说，我们发现它们是基于壳聚糖胺基在酸性介质中质子化所产生的电荷转移过程。我们在此提供的对石墨烯与壳聚糖之间超分子相互作用的理解，应能证明对材料科学和生物医学工程领域具有重大意义和兴趣。

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引用次数: 0

Observation of novel carbon nanocorals during the synthesis of graphene and investigations on their composition, morphological and structural properties 在合成石墨烯过程中观察新型碳纳米珊瑚并研究其组成、形态和结构特性

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100411

Debashree Das , Girish M. Gouda , K.B. Jinesh

Novel carbon nanocorals (CNCs) are observed during the synthesis of graphene on copper substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition, using precursor gas acetylene (C₂H₂) and carrier gas argon (Ar). CNCs have unique structure and investigations are carried out on structural and elemental compositions by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The graphitic nature of the CNCs is evident from characteristic D, G, and 2D bands obtained from Raman spectrum. Elemental composition analysis by XPS shows presence of sp² and sp³ hybridized carbon whereas XAES quantifies percentage of sp² and sp³ hybridized carbon. FESEM micrographs show a uniform distribution of densely packed CNCs throughout the sample, and formation of groups of CNCs with distinct contours on the surface. The cross-sectional FESEM shows stacking of large number of graphene layers with dendrites. HRTEM analysis further supports observations of FESEM and elaborates structural morphology of the CNCs. Synthesis, characterization and analysis of the properties of carbon nanocorals are reported here, for the first time.

使用前驱气体乙炔（C2H2）和载气氩气（Ar），通过热化学气相沉积法在铜基底上合成石墨烯时，观察到了新型碳纳米珊瑚（CNCs）。CNC 具有独特的结构，研究人员通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、拉曼光谱、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、X 射线激发欧杰电子能谱 (XAES)、能量色散 X 射线能谱 (EDS)、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM) 和高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HRTEM) 对其结构和元素组成进行了研究。从拉曼光谱中获得的 D、G 和 2D 带特征可以看出 CNC 的石墨性质。XPS 元素组成分析表明存在 sp2 和 sp3 杂化碳，而 XAES 则量化了 sp2 和 sp3 杂化碳的百分比。FESEM 显微照片显示整个样品均匀分布着密集的 CNC，并在表面形成具有明显轮廓的 CNC 群。横截面的 FESEM 显示了大量石墨烯层与树枝状石墨烯层的堆叠。HRTEM 分析进一步支持了 FESEM 的观察结果，并详细说明了 CNC 的结构形态。本文首次报道了碳纳米陶瓷的合成、表征和性质分析。

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引用次数: 0

Recent research trends in the rational design strategies of carbon-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis 用于电化学氨合成的碳基电催化剂合理设计策略的最新研究趋势

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100409

Hyojung Lim , Jinuk Choi , Euihyeon Hwang , Sathyanarayanan Shanmugapriya , Gnanaprakasam Janani , Subramani Surendran , Heechae Choi , Gibum Kwon , Kyoungsuk Jin , Uk Sim

Ammonia electrosynthesis is the most sustainable way to produce carbon-free hydrogen carriers, which would pave the way for the foreseen hydrogen economy and carbon neutralization as it has the potential to replace the conventional Haber-Bosch process. The electrocatalytic production of ammonia, which renewable energy resources could drive, reduces the carbon footprint contribution to fossil fuel consumption. Moreover, ammonia electrosynthesis also paves the way for recycling industrial/chemical wastewater and NO emissions. Hence, the advancement of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis techniques is highly mandated for a greener future. This review consolidates the recent research trends associated with carbon-based electrocatalysts, which could elevate this viable technology with cost-effectiveness.

氨电合成是生产无碳氢载体的最可持续的方法，这将为预期的氢经济和碳中和铺平道路，因为它有可能取代传统的哈伯-博施工艺。氨的电催化生产可以利用可再生能源，减少化石燃料消耗的碳足迹。此外，氨的电合成还为回收工业/化学废水和 NO 排放物铺平了道路。因此，为了实现更加绿色的未来，必须大力发展电催化氨合成技术。本文综述了与碳基电催化剂相关的最新研究趋势，这些研究可提高这项技术的可行性和成本效益。

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical characterization of carbon black in different redox probes and their application in electrochemical sensing 不同氧化还原探针中炭黑的电化学特性及其在电化学传感中的应用

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100408

Ruchika Chauhan , Ronen Fogel , Cristina Purcarea , Georgiana Necula-Petrareanu , Pablo Fanjul-Bolado , David Ibañez , Alina Vasilescu , Roberta Maria Banciu , Janice Limson

Carbon black - materials rich in carbon nanostructures - have been successfully applied as modifiers of electrochemical transducers, rivalling other carbon nanomaterials for cost and ease-of-use. Despite the remarkable promise of this nanomaterial, no study has yet comparatively characterised a wide range of different grades of carbon black for their utility in electrochemical sensors. Here, we explore several commonly-studied carbon black grades (N220, N234, N326, N330, N339, N375, N550, N660 and Lamp Black-101), alongside relatively newer grades (Printex®-200, Printex® G, Printex® XE-2B, and Printex® Zeta) for their application in electrochemical sensors. The effects of coating glassy carbon electrodes with carbon black on electrode performance were studied by cyclic voltammetry using three redox probes: ferri-/ferrocyanide (anionic probe molecules), ferrocenemethanol (neutral) and hexaammineruthenium (cationic). Raman Spectroscopy characterisation of the different grades associated a lower degree of graphitisation with superior electrode modifiers. Generally, modification increased the anodic peak current for ferri-/ferrocyanide probes; and lowered anodic potential for ferri-/ferrocyanide and hexaammineruthenium probes. Increases in peak current and potential observed at ferrocenemethanol are consistent with the increased tendency for this probe to adsorb to the surface of modified electrodes. N330 and Printex® XE-2B displayed the best electrocatalytic properties in terms of enhanced peak currents and lowered anodic overpotentials for the redox probes. CB grades were used to modify screen-printed carbon electrodes and the obtained sensors examined for anodic detection of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor by cyclic voltammetry. Printex® XE-2B significantly improved the detection of NADH and was further used for chronoamperometric detection of NADH at low overpotentials. Grades N220, N375, N550 and P-G showed their suitability as enzyme scaffolds for sensor fabrication, as determined by their preservation of the activity of a NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase.

碳黑--富含碳纳米结构的材料--已成功用作电化学传感器的改性剂，其成本和易用性可与其他碳纳米材料相媲美。尽管这种纳米材料前景广阔，但目前还没有研究对各种不同等级的炭黑进行比较，以确定它们在电化学传感器中的用途。在此，我们探讨了几种常用的炭黑牌号（N220、N234、N326、N330、N339、N375、N550、N660 和 Lamp Black-101），以及相对较新的牌号（Printex®-200、Printex® G、Printex® XE-2B 和 Printex® Zeta）在电化学传感器中的应用。使用三种氧化还原探针：铁氰化/铁氰化（阴离子探针分子）、二茂铁甲醇（中性）和六氨钌（阳离子），通过循环伏安法研究了在玻璃碳电极上涂覆炭黑对电极性能的影响。不同等级的拉曼光谱表征表明，优质电极改性剂的石墨化程度较低。一般来说，改性会提高铁氰化/铁氰化探针的阳极峰值电流；降低铁氰化/铁氰化和六氨勒钌探针的阳极电位。在二茂铁甲醇中观察到的峰值电流和阳极电位的增加与这种探针吸附到改性电极表面的趋势增加是一致的。N330 和 Printex® XE-2B 在氧化还原探针的峰值电流提高和阳极过电位降低方面显示出最佳的电催化性能。我们使用 CB 牌号对丝网印刷碳电极进行了改性，并通过循环伏安法对所获得的传感器进行了阳极检测，以检测还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）辅助因子。Printex® XE-2B 显著提高了 NADH 的检测能力，并进一步用于低过电位下 NADH 的时变检测。等级 N220、N375、N550 和 P-G 显示出其作为酶支架用于传感器制造的适宜性，这是由它们对依赖于 NAD 的醛脱氢酶的活性的保持所决定的。

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引用次数: 0

Biomedical application of carbon quantum dots: A review 碳量子点的生物医学应用：综述

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100407

Anand Salvi , Saarthak Kharbanda , Preeti Thakur , Manish Shandilya , Atul Thakur

The many beneficial properties of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have led to their increased interest as a potential material for use in various biomedical applications. These properties include fluorescence, biocompatibility, low toxicity, small size, ease of modification, low production costs when scaled up, and versatile conjugation with other nanoparticles. In addition, the development of theranostic nanomedicine, bio-imaging of cells and bacteria, and multifunctional diagnostic platforms have all shown promise. Optical imaging, cancer therapy, drug delivery systems, gene delivery, antimicrobial activity, bioimaging and biosensors, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, pharmaceutical formulations, and more are all parts of CQD research that this review succinctly summarises. The literature primarily describes two approaches for synthesizing CQDs: the top-down approach, which involves disassembling a larger carbon structure into nanoscale particles, and the bottom-up approach, which involves creating CQDs from smaller carbon units (small organic molecules). The literature has a large number of review articles about the synthesis and uses of CQDs. Nevertheless, there isn't a comprehensive paper like this that goes over the entire process of creating and using CQDs made of tiny organic compounds. Based on the available literature, we have compiled the research progress on CQDs in this review, including its synthesis from small organic molecules (bottom-up approach), applications in the fields of bioimaging, drug/gene delivery systems, photocatalytic reactions, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal (PTT) therapy, as well as methods of thermal decomposition and microwave irradiation and ultrasonic treatment. Lastly, the difficulties and potential course of CQDs are explored. Our conversation also broadens to cover CQDs function in nanomedicine, the field that many believe will shape biomedicine in the years to come. The results of this study will help the biomedical research community realise the potential of CQDs to solve many present-day technological issues.

碳量子点（CQDs）具有许多有益的特性，因此作为一种可用于各种生物医学应用的潜在材料，人们对它的兴趣与日俱增。这些特性包括荧光、生物相容性、低毒性、体积小、易于改性、放大生产成本低，以及与其他纳米粒子的多功能共轭。此外，治疗用纳米药物、细胞和细菌的生物成像以及多功能诊断平台的开发都大有可为。光学成像、癌症治疗、给药系统、基因递送、抗菌活性、生物成像和生物传感器、光热和光动力疗法、药物制剂等都是 CQD 研究的内容，本综述对此进行了简明扼要的总结。文献主要介绍了合成 CQD 的两种方法：一种是自上而下的方法，即把较大的碳结构分解成纳米级颗粒；另一种是自下而上的方法，即从较小的碳单元（小的有机分子）生成 CQD。文献中有大量关于 CQDs 合成和用途的综述文章。然而，还没有一篇像这样的综合性论文来介绍用微小有机化合物制造和使用 CQDs 的整个过程。在现有文献的基础上，我们在这篇综述中梳理了 CQDs 的研究进展，包括其从小有机分子的合成（自下而上的方法），在生物成像、药物/基因输送系统、光催化反应、光动力疗法（PDT）和光热疗法（PTT）等领域的应用，以及热分解、微波辐照和超声波处理的方法。最后，我们还探讨了 CQDs 的难点和潜在发展方向。我们的话题还扩展到 CQDs 在纳米医学中的功能，许多人认为这一领域将在未来数年内塑造生物医学。这项研究的结果将有助于生物医学研究界认识到 CQDs 在解决当今许多技术问题方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Extraction of carbon and preparation of activated carbon from waste dry cell battery 从废弃干电池中提取碳并制备活性炭

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100406

Md. Sahadat Hossain , Sumaya Tabassum , Sanjida Khan , Dipa Islam , Samina Ahmed

The goal of this research was to synthesize activated carbon (AC) from discarded batteries, and the crystallographic characterization of the final product (AC), intermediate product, and raw sources were explored. The formation of activated carbon was confirmed by utilizing an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) that revealed the structure of activated carbon was hexagonal. The crystallite size of activated carbon was computed by applying several model equations (Linear straight-line method of Scherrer's equation, Monshi-Scherrer method, Sahadat-Scherrer method, Size-Strain plot method, Halder-Wagner method, Williamson-Hall method), and the range of calculated crystallite size was 5–28 nm. The weight loss occurred in the two stages those was explored by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) confirmed that there was no significant change in the peak position between intermediate product and activated carbon except for the intensity and peak separation difference. Field Emission Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) revealed several types of shapes of the waste source, intermediate product, and main product (AC).

本研究的目标是利用废弃电池合成活性炭（AC），并探索最终产品（AC）、中间产品和原材料的晶体学特征。利用 X 射线衍射仪（XRD）确认了活性炭的形成，XRD 显示活性炭的结构为六角形。活性炭的结晶粒度是通过几个模型方程（舍勒方程直线法、Monshi-Scherrer 法、Sahadat-Scherrer 法、尺寸-应变图法、Halder-Wagner 法、Williamson-Hall 法）计算出来的，计算出的结晶粒度范围为 5-28 nm。热重分析仪（TGA）对两个阶段中发生的重量损失进行了分析。傅立叶变换红外分光光度计（FTIR）证实，中间产物和活性炭的峰值位置没有明显变化，只是强度和峰值分离度不同。场发射电子显微镜（FE-SEM）显示了废物源、中间产物和主要产物（AC）的几种形状。

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引用次数: 0