Carbon Trends最新文献_第2页

The influence of composition and carbon types on the electrical conductivity of carbon-based conductive pastes for deposition as back-electrode in perovskite solar cells 钙钛矿太阳能电池背电极用碳基导电浆料的组成和碳类型对其电导率的影响

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100605

Edwin Akongnwi Nforna , Henry Alombah Njimboh , Divine Mbom Yufanyi , Cornelius Tsamo , Romanus Njong Nyako

Carbon-based electrodes are promising replacements of expensive, vacuum deposited noble metals in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of their low cost, chemical inertness and durability. This study is aimed at determining the influence of carbon composition on the electrical conductivity of carbon electrode and application in carbon-based C-PSC. Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from sugarcane leaves and used to prepare different carbon pastes compositions. The AC was characterized by x-ray diffraction, microstructural and elemental analyses, Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and nitrogen sorption isotherms to assess surface area and micropore volumes. Results show that the AC is mostly amorphous with small graphitic component, having oxygen surface groups and extended surface area with micropores. AC was found to serve as linking layers in AC/graphite (G) carbon pastes, giving a maximum electrical conductivity of 36.9 Ω^-1cm^-1 for a 27 % AC in AC/G mixture. The use of different carbon materials G, AC, CB (carbon black) and also a higher total carbon amount showed augmented conductivity of 47.7 Ω^-1cm^-1 for an AC:CB:G weight ratio of 0.5:0.5:3. The carbon pastes were effectively deposited as counter electrode in planar hole-transport-layer-free PSC with structure Glass/FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/C. The C-PSC exhibited an open circuit voltage of 0.9 V under simulated illumination of AM 1.5 G, 100 mW/cm² similar to reference devices using mesoporous TiO₂ as electron-transport-material. The results show that AC obtained from biomass can be utilized to prepare low cost and solvent friendly carbon pastes which can be effectively deposited as electrode in devices such as PSC.

碳基电极因其低成本、化学惰性和耐用性而成为钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）中昂贵的真空沉积贵金属的有希望的替代品。本研究旨在确定碳组成对碳电极电导率的影响及其在碳基C-PSC中的应用。以甘蔗叶片为原料合成活性炭，并用于制备不同碳糊。通过x射线衍射、微观结构和元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱以及氮吸附等温线对AC进行了表征，以评估其表面积和微孔体积。结果表明：该材料多为无定形，石墨成分少，表面有氧基团，表面有微孔，表面积扩大；AC被发现在AC/石墨(G)碳糊中充当连接层，在AC/G混合物中，27% AC的最大电导率为36.9 Ω-1cm-1。使用不同的碳材料G、AC、CB（炭黑）和较高的总碳量，当AC:CB:G重量比为0.5:0.5:3时，电导率提高了47.7 Ω-1cm-1。在玻璃/FTO/ C - tio2 /mp-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/C结构的平面无空穴输运层PSC中有效沉积了碳糊作为对电极。在AM 1.5 G， 100 mW/cm2的模拟照明下，C-PSC的开路电压为0.9 V，与使用介孔TiO2作为电子传输材料的参考器件相似。结果表明，从生物质中获得的活性炭可以制备低成本和溶剂友好的碳糊，可以有效地沉积在PSC等装置中作为电极。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon dots: Multidimensional analysis of antibacterial performance 碳点：抗菌性能的多维分析

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100606

Yunxiao Zhu, Qiaowen Lei, Xinru Nan, Li Fu, Qitong Huang, Hanqiang Zhang, Xiaofeng Lin

The escalating crisis of antimicrobial resistance threatens global health, with projections indicating millions of deaths annually by 2050 without effective countermeasures. This urgent scenario demands innovative antibacterial approaches. Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a promising alternative due to their potent antimicrobial properties and excellent biocompatibility. They achieve over 95 % inhibition against common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and S. aureus even at concentrations as low as 8 μg/mL. This review systematically examines recent advances in CD-based antibacterial strategies, focusing on their multifaceted mechanisms including membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, and intracellular biomolecule interference. Key structural characteristics such as particle size, surface charge, and functionalization significantly modulate their antibacterial efficacy. Current applications span medical dressings, food packaging, and environmental remediation, demonstrating remarkable versatility. However, further optimization of structural properties and functional performance remains essential. Continued research is expected to establish CDs as crucial components in global antimicrobial strategies, contributing substantially to public health security.

不断升级的抗菌素耐药性危机威胁着全球健康，据预测，到2050年，如果没有有效对策，每年将有数百万人死亡。这种紧急情况需要创新的抗菌方法。碳点（cd）由于其强大的抗菌性能和良好的生物相容性而成为一种有前途的替代品。即使浓度低至8 μg/mL，它们对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等常见病原体的抑制作用也能达到95%以上。本文系统地回顾了基于cd的抗菌策略的最新进展，重点介绍了其多方面的机制，包括膜破坏、活性氧生成和细胞内生物分子干扰。关键的结构特征，如颗粒大小，表面电荷和功能化显著调节其抗菌功效。目前的应用跨越医用敷料、食品包装和环境修复，显示出显著的多功能性。然而，进一步优化结构性能和功能性能仍然是必不可少的。预计持续的研究将使cd成为全球抗微生物战略的重要组成部分，为公共卫生安全作出重大贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Importance of graphitization catalyst deposition for the structure development of nanoscale hybrid amorphous/graphitic carbon 石墨化催化剂沉积对纳米级非晶/石墨杂化碳结构发展的重要性

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100593

Pierre Cautaerts , Jan Gläsel , Felix Herold , Bastian J.M. Etzold

Graphitic and mesoporous carbon materials combine two interesting features from an engineering point of view, allowing for fast heat and mass transport. A carbon synthesis combining soft-templating with catalytic graphitization leads to mesoporous hybrid amorphous/graphitic carbons, whose subsequent selective oxidation yields mesoporous and graphitic carbons. A combination of thermal programmed oxidation, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen and water sorption evidences the qualitative and quantitative differences in their amorphous/graphitic phases. This contribution demonstrates how graphitization catalyst deposition method and pyrolysis conditions can be leveraged to influence resulting carbon microstructure and proportions of graphitic/amorphous domains.

从工程角度来看，石墨和介孔碳材料结合了两个有趣的特征，允许快速的热量和质量传输。将软模板与催化石墨化相结合的碳合成可以得到介孔非晶/石墨杂化碳，其随后的选择性氧化产生介孔碳和石墨碳。热程序氧化，拉曼光谱，x射线衍射，氮和水的吸附相的组合证明了它们的非晶/石墨相的定性和定量差异。这一贡献证明了石墨化催化剂的沉积方法和热解条件如何影响所得碳的微观结构和石墨/非晶畴的比例。

引用次数: 0

Graphene-based materials for water and wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review of advances in synthesis, emerging applications, and future directions 用于水和废水处理的石墨烯基材料：合成进展、新兴应用和未来方向的综合综述

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2026.100609

Ahmed M.E. Khalil , Tanveer A. Tabish , Bhavya Joshi , Mohamed Egiza , Fayyaz A. Memon , Shaowei Zhang

Graphene-based materials (GBMs) have emerged as promising candidates for water and wastewater treatment owing to their large surface area, high electron mobility, tunable surface chemistry, and exceptional mechanical strength. This review provides a comprehensive examination of key advances in the synthesis, performance optimisation, environmental implications, and future integration strategies of GBMs for pollutant removal. Emphasis is placed on the removal of emerging contaminants including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, heavy metals, dyes, and pathogenic microorganisms using material descriptors together with kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. Enhanced adsorption capacities, in some cases exceeding 30% over conventional materials, are achieved via functionalisation and the development of three-dimensional graphene architectures, graphene oxide nanoribbons, and activated graphene. Green synthesis approaches using plant- and fruit-based reducing agents are highlighted as environmentally benign alternatives to conventional chemical methods, reducing toxic by-products and energy demand. Despite these advances, challenges remain regarding scalable, cost-effective, and reproducible synthesis of graphene with controlled porosity and surface functionality, alongside assessment of long-term environmental fate, ecotoxicity, and regeneration potential. The review further explores integration strategies with existing treatment technologies such as membrane filtration, electrochemical processes, and bioreactors to improve treatment efficiency and operational sustainability. Future research directions are proposed to support the transition from laboratory-scale innovation to full-scale deployment, emphasising interdisciplinary collaboration for the development of safe, efficient, and economically viable water purification systems. Overall, this review provides an up-to-date, integrated synthesis across adsorption, catalytic oxidation and membrane separations, linking processing routes to material descriptors and performance metrics.

石墨烯基材料（GBMs）由于其大表面积、高电子迁移率、可调表面化学和优异的机械强度而成为水和废水处理的有希望的候选者。这篇综述提供了在合成、性能优化、环境影响和未来污染物去除GBMs整合策略方面的关键进展的全面检查。重点放在去除新兴污染物，包括药品，个人护理产品，重金属，染料和病原微生物使用材料描述符与动力学和热力学分析在一起。通过功能化和三维石墨烯结构、氧化石墨烯纳米带和活化石墨烯的开发，增强了吸附能力，在某些情况下比传统材料超过30%。利用植物和水果为基础的还原剂的绿色合成方法被强调为传统化学方法的环保替代品，减少有毒副产品和能源需求。尽管取得了这些进步，但石墨烯的可扩展性、成本效益、可重复性、孔隙率和表面功能可控、长期环境命运评估、生态毒性和再生潜力等方面的挑战仍然存在。本文进一步探讨了与膜过滤、电化学处理和生物反应器等现有处理技术的集成策略，以提高处理效率和运行的可持续性。提出了未来的研究方向，以支持从实验室规模的创新到全面部署的过渡，强调跨学科合作，以开发安全、高效和经济可行的水净化系统。总的来说，这篇综述提供了最新的、综合的合成，跨越吸附、催化氧化和膜分离，将加工路线与材料描述符和性能指标联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

CoNi₂O₄/MWCNT: A promising anode catalyst for direct alcohol fuel cells con_2 O₄/MWCNT：一种很有前途的直接醇燃料电池阳极催化剂

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100603

Fatemeh Jamali , Majid Seifi , Mohammad Bagher Askari

This study presents a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst, CoNi₂O₄/MWCNT, comprising porous cobalt-nickel binary oxide (CoNi₂O₄) uniformly integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), designed for anodic methanol and ethanol oxidation in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). The porous CoNi₂O₄ was synthesized through a simple, one-step hydrothermal route. Detailed physicochemical characterization confirmed its spinel structure, high surface area, and intimate interfacial contact with the MWCNT support. Electrochemical evaluations revealed excellent catalytic performance, delivering peak current densities of approximately 130 mA.cm⁻² for methanol oxidation and 48 mA.cm⁻² for ethanol oxidation at a scan rate of 100 mV.s⁻¹. The composite also demonstrated remarkable long term stability, retaining 93.5% and 89.9% of its initial activity after 1000 cyclic voltammetry cycles for methanol and ethanol oxidation, respectively. Tafel slopes of 90.4 mV.dec⁻¹ (methanol) and 74.9 mV.dec⁻¹ (ethanol) indicate fast charge transfer kinetics, comparable to or surpassing many state of the art noble metal free catalysts. This work introduces a scalable, noble metal free catalyst that simultaneously achieves high activity and exceptional durability for both methanol and ethanol oxidation, offering a promising and cost effective alternative to platinum-based anodes in practical DAFC systems. These results highlight the potential of CoNi₂O₄/MWCNT as a high performance, durable anode material for next-generation direct alcohol fuel cells.

本研究提出了一种高效的双功能电催化剂，CoNi₂O₄/MWCNT，由多孔钴镍二元氧化物（CoNi₂O₄）与多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）均匀集成，设计用于直接酒精燃料电池（DAFCs）中甲醇和乙醇的阳极氧化。采用简单的一步水热法合成了多孔的co_2 O₄。详细的物理化学表征证实了其尖晶石结构、高表面积和与MWCNT载体的密切界面接触。电化学评估显示出良好的催化性能，在扫描速度为100 mv / s的情况下，甲醇氧化的峰值电流密度约为130 mA.cm⁻²，乙醇氧化的峰值电流密度约为48 mA.cm⁻²。该复合材料还表现出显著的长期稳定性，在甲醇和乙醇氧化1000次循环伏安循环后，其初始活性分别保持93.5%和89.9%。90.4 mV.dec - 1（甲醇）和74.9 mV.dec - 1（乙醇）的塔菲尔斜率表明了快速的电荷转移动力学，与许多最先进的无贵金属催化剂相当或超过。这项工作介绍了一种可扩展的，无贵金属催化剂，同时实现甲醇和乙醇氧化的高活性和卓越的耐久性，为实际DAFC系统中铂基阳极提供了一种有前途且具有成本效益的替代品。这些结果突出了co_2 O₄/MWCNT作为下一代直接酒精燃料电池高性能、耐用负极材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale structural evolution and permeability in a commercial carbon/carbon composite under arc-jet ablation 电弧射流烧蚀下商用碳/碳复合材料的多尺度结构演化与渗透率

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100604

Austin Bryan, Sean Drewry, Christian Isaacs, Mitchell Trotsky, Bernadette Cladek, Nathan Stewart, Jack Davis, Stephen Young, Damiano Baccarella, Katharine Page, Dayakar Penumadu

Linking the complex mechanisms of ablation with resulting structural and property changes of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites remains challenging. This work utilizes an integrated experimental framework that connects ablation induced structural changes with transport behavior, including permeability, which has not been previously examined in ablative contexts. The multiscale structural evolution and transport behavior of a commercially available C/C were evaluated in a virgin state and after ablation with HyperMATE, a novel quasi-continuous arc-jet plasma torch. The material was characterized using optical and electron microscopy,

μ

-X-ray computed tomography, capillary flow porometry, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Ablation preferentially removed matrix carbon at the surface and denudated fibers into needle shapes. The void fraction increased from 5.29% (virgin) to 9.26% (ablated), driven by collapse of large pores into finer ones and the opening of surface defects into connected pathways. These structural changes created new gas transport channels resulting in an approximately one order-of-magnitude increase in through-thickness permeability, and also disrupted solid conduction pathways, contributing to reduced thermal conductivity. At the atomic scale, ablation induced defects in the turbostratic structure, indicated by asymmetric (002) reflection in XRD. The permeability increase is primarily attributed to meso-macro scale structural changes in the material, and the reduced thermal properties result from the coupled effects of changes at the meso-macro and atomic scales. By employing a commercially available material, this work provides broadly applicable insights into the multiscale mechanisms by which ablation modifies structure and degrades macroscopic transport properties.

将烧蚀的复杂机理与碳/碳（C/C）复合材料的结构和性能变化联系起来仍然是一个挑战。这项工作利用了一个综合的实验框架，将烧蚀引起的结构变化与输运行为（包括渗透率）联系起来，这在以前的烧蚀背景下没有被研究过。利用新型准连续电弧射流等离子体炬HyperMATE，研究了一种商用C/C在初始状态和烧蚀后的多尺度结构演变和输运行为。采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜、μ- x射线计算机断层扫描、毛细管流动孔隙学、拉曼光谱和x射线衍射对材料进行了表征。烧蚀优先去除表面的基体碳，剥蚀纤维形成针状。孔隙率由5.29%（未烧蚀）提高到9.26%（烧蚀），这主要是由于大孔隙坍塌成小孔隙和表面缺陷打开成连通通道所致。这些结构变化创造了新的气体输送通道，导致厚度渗透率增加了大约一个数量级，同时也破坏了固体传导途径，导致导热系数降低。在原子尺度上，通过x射线衍射（XRD）的不对称（002）反射表明，烧蚀引起了涡轮结构中的缺陷。渗透率的增加主要是由于材料中宏观尺度的结构变化，而热性能的降低是由于中宏观和原子尺度变化的耦合作用。通过采用一种市售材料，这项工作为烧蚀改变结构和降低宏观输运性质的多尺度机制提供了广泛适用的见解。

{"title":"Multiscale structural evolution and permeability in a commercial carbon/carbon composite under arc-jet ablation","authors":"Austin Bryan, Sean Drewry, Christian Isaacs, Mitchell Trotsky, Bernadette Cladek, Nathan Stewart, Jack Davis, Stephen Young, Damiano Baccarella, Katharine Page, Dayakar Penumadu","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Linking the complex mechanisms of ablation with resulting structural and property changes of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites remains challenging. This work utilizes an integrated experimental framework that connects ablation induced structural changes with transport behavior, including permeability, which has not been previously examined in ablative contexts. The multiscale structural evolution and transport behavior of a commercially available C/C were evaluated in a virgin state and after ablation with HyperMATE, a novel quasi-continuous arc-jet plasma torch. The material was characterized using optical and electron microscopy, <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>-X-ray computed tomography, capillary flow porometry, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Ablation preferentially removed matrix carbon at the surface and denudated fibers into needle shapes. The void fraction increased from 5.29% (virgin) to 9.26% (ablated), driven by collapse of large pores into finer ones and the opening of surface defects into connected pathways. These structural changes created new gas transport channels resulting in an approximately one order-of-magnitude increase in through-thickness permeability, and also disrupted solid conduction pathways, contributing to reduced thermal conductivity. At the atomic scale, ablation induced defects in the turbostratic structure, indicated by asymmetric (002) reflection in XRD. The permeability increase is primarily attributed to meso-macro scale structural changes in the material, and the reduced thermal properties result from the coupled effects of changes at the meso-macro and atomic scales. By employing a commercially available material, this work provides broadly applicable insights into the multiscale mechanisms by which ablation modifies structure and degrades macroscopic transport properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of tensile strain on the electronic structure of graphene nanomesh 拉伸应变对石墨烯纳米网电子结构的影响

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100602

Prosun Santra , Michael Schlegel , Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl , Jannik C. Meyer , Arkady V. Krasheninnikov

Creating a graphene nanomesh, that is graphene sheet with a regular array of holes, which can also be referred to as antidot lattice, is one of the ways to open the electronic band gap in graphene. Using focused electron irradiation in a transmission electron microscope and programmed beam displacements, we prepare nanomeshes with periodicities below 10 nm and hole sizes below 3 nm. We find that the formation of the mesh is frequently accompanied by the appearance of vacancy lines, which should give rise to the mechanical strain in the system. Moreover, strain can also appear upon heating or cooling graphene sheet along with the supporting frame, or exerted externally. At the same time, the effects of strain on the electronic structure of graphene nanomeshes has not been studied. The main goal of this work is to investigate theoretically how tensile strain and vacancy lines can affect the band gap in the nanomeshes with and without hydrogen termination. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that for most structures the gap (if present) monotonously decreases with strain. However, when strain gives rise to the changes in the morphology of the edges, the gap can be opened or closed, which is associated with the spatial localization of the electron wave functions at the valence band maximum and conduction band minima. The magnetic moments localized at the edge atoms of the nanopore change as well. We further discuss such a behavior in the context of the optoelectronic properties of graphene antidot lattices, along with the implications for strain engineering of the characteristics of the nanomeshes.

创建石墨烯纳米网，即具有规则孔阵列的石墨烯片，也可以称为反点阵，是打开石墨烯电子带隙的方法之一。利用透射电子显微镜中的聚焦电子辐照和程序化光束位移，我们制备了周期小于10 nm、孔径小于3 nm的纳米网格。我们发现网格的形成经常伴随着空位线的出现，这应该引起系统的机械应变。此外，应变也可以出现在加热或冷却石墨烯片与支撑框架，或施加在外部。同时，应变对石墨烯纳米网电子结构的影响尚未得到研究。本工作的主要目的是从理论上研究拉伸应变和空位线如何影响纳米网中有氢终止和没有氢终止的带隙。利用第一性原理计算，我们证明了对于大多数结构，间隙（如果存在）随应变单调减小。然而，当应变引起边缘形态的变化时，间隙可以打开或关闭，这与电子波函数在价带最大值和导带最小值的空间定位有关。纳米孔边缘原子处的磁矩也发生了变化。我们在石墨烯反点阵的光电特性的背景下进一步讨论了这种行为，以及纳米网格特性对应变工程的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of nanostructured graphene on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of Cassava starch (Manihot esculenta) coated cellulose paperboards 纳米结构石墨烯对木薯淀粉涂布纤维素纸板理化和力学性能的影响

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100599

Alessandra R. Rinaldi , Laura D.C. Castañeda , Silvia Faria da Rocha , Eliana B. Souto , Viktor O.C. Concha , Classius Ferreira da Silva , Cristiana M.P. Yoshida

Graphene is derived from graphite and consists of pure carbon. It can be used to produce nanostructured compounds that are incorporated in packaging materials to improve physicochemical and mechanical properties. The application of coatings made from natural polymers, such as starch, has been studied as an alternative to partially replace synthetic polymers in paper-based multilayer materials commonly used in packaging, meeting the demands of consumers with increasing environmental concerns. In this work, we describe the first-time use of a modified cassava (Manihot esculenta) starch film (4 %, m/V) coating, in which graphene has been incorporated at two different concentrations (0.2 % versus 0.4 % m/V), and characterized for its suitability for the coating of paperboard. The presence of graphene in the coating significantly influenced the physicochemical properties of the coating. The Cobb test indicated greater water retention in the coatings containing graphene, but the moisture barrier increased by 87.8 % with the one composed of 0.4 % graphene. In paperboards coated with starch containing 0.4 % graphene, the air permeance decreased by 27 % and fat barrier properties increased, compared to uncoated paperboard. The Taber stiffness was also improved with the presence of graphene in the coatings, indicating that the paperboards became more rigid. The tear strength and tensile strength of the coated paperboards also improved, while elongation and bursting remained unchanged. With the outcomes of this work, we confirm that starch coating containing graphene offers a promising alternative to polymeric lamination on cellulosic matrices, promoting sustainability in packaging and improving the final properties of the paperboard.

石墨烯由石墨衍生而来，由纯碳组成。它可以用来生产纳米结构的化合物，这些化合物被加入到包装材料中，以改善物理化学和机械性能。研究了以淀粉等天然聚合物制成的涂料在包装中常用的纸基多层材料中部分替代合成聚合物的应用，以满足日益关注环境的消费者的需求。在这项工作中，我们首次使用了一种改性木薯（Manihot esculenta）淀粉膜（4%,m/V）涂层，其中石墨烯以两种不同的浓度（0.2%和0.4% m/V）掺入，并以其适合纸板涂层为特征。石墨烯在涂层中的存在显著影响了涂层的物理化学性能。Cobb测试表明，含有石墨烯的涂层的保水能力更强，但含有0.4%石墨烯的涂层的防潮性能提高了87.8%。与未涂布的纸板相比，涂布含有0.4%石墨烯的淀粉的纸板透气性降低了27%，脂肪阻隔性能提高。涂层中石墨烯的存在也提高了Taber刚度，这表明纸板变得更加坚硬。涂布纸板的撕裂强度和拉伸强度均有提高，而伸长率和破裂率保持不变。根据这项工作的结果，我们证实含有石墨烯的淀粉涂层为纤维素基质上的聚合物层压提供了一种有希望的替代方案，可以促进包装的可持续性并改善纸板的最终性能。

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引用次数: 0

Carbonaceous solid acids for glycerol acetylation: From waste-derived biochars to engineered graphenes 用于甘油乙酰化的碳质固体酸：从废物衍生的生物炭到工程石墨烯

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100601

Nur Hidayati, Nabilah Miftachul Jannah, Herry Purnama, Tri Widayatno, Azzahra Ardya Kamaratih, Rio Alviani Ari Setiawan

The oversupply of glycerol from biodiesel production poses economic and environmental challenges. Glycerol acetylation to acetins (mono-, di-, tri-) is a promising valorization route. This review explores carbonaceous solid acids, including biochars, graphene-based materials, CNTs, and hybrids, for glycerol acetylation. Analysis from 2000 to 2025 using PRISMA identifies correlations between acid-site density, morphology, and catalytic outcomes. Biochars offer low-cost, sustainable solutions but face stability issues. Graphene-based catalysts and CNTs provide high conversion but struggle with scaling. Hybrid systems optimize performance, yet gaps in experimental standardization, deactivation mechanisms, and crude glycerol adaptation remain. Addressing these challenges will enhance industrial viability.

生物柴油生产中甘油的供过于求给经济和环境带来了挑战。甘油乙酰化制乙酰（单-、二-、三-）是一种很有前途的酯化途径。本文综述了用于甘油乙酰化的碳质固体酸，包括生物炭、石墨烯基材料、碳纳米管和杂化物。从2000年到2025年，使用PRISMA分析确定了酸位密度、形态和催化结果之间的相关性。生物炭提供了低成本、可持续的解决方案，但面临稳定性问题。石墨烯基催化剂和碳纳米管提供高转化率，但难以结垢。混合系统优化了性能，但在实验标准化、失活机制和粗甘油适应性方面仍然存在差距。解决这些挑战将提高工业的生存能力。

引用次数: 0

Complete hydrolysis of organosulfates yields to complete exfoliation of graphite oxide 有机硫酸盐完全水解产生氧化石墨完全剥落

IF 3.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100600

Adelia López-Pérez , Juana M. Pérez , Ignacio Fernández , Ignacio Martín-Gullón , Iluminada Rodríguez-Pastor

Graphene oxide (GO) is a highly versatile material with broad applications, but its acidic nature and the presence of sulfur-containing groups poses significant challenges for biomedical and environmental uses. These groups, mainly in the form of organosulfates, contribute to excessive acidity, which affects the stability of GO and complicates large-scale production due to the need for multiple washing steps. This study is focused on developing an efficient method to fully remove organosulfates. By combining basic and organic acid treatments, complete hydrolysis of sulfate groups was achieved, leading to a significant reduction in acidity and, contrary to expectations, facilitating the exfoliation of GO without requiring additional sonication. This might be due to some organosulfates bound to carbons of different graphite layers. The optimized process resulted in monolayer-rich GO with enhanced dispersion stability, making it more suitable for a wider range of applications. These findings offer a scalable and effective approach to improving the chemical purity and structural properties of GO, expanding its potential in advanced technologies.

氧化石墨烯（GO）是一种用途广泛的高用途材料，但其酸性和含硫基团的存在对生物医学和环境用途构成了重大挑战。这些基团主要以有机硫酸盐的形式存在，导致酸度过高，从而影响氧化石墨烯的稳定性，并由于需要多个洗涤步骤而使大规模生产复杂化。本研究的重点是开发一种有效的方法来完全去除有机硫酸盐。通过结合碱性和有机酸处理，实现了硫酸盐基团的完全水解，导致酸度显著降低，并且与预期相反，无需额外的超声处理即可促进氧化石墨烯的去角质。这可能是由于一些有机硫酸盐与不同石墨层的碳结合。优化后的工艺产生了富含单层的氧化石墨烯，具有增强的分散稳定性，使其更适合于更广泛的应用。这些发现为提高氧化石墨烯的化学纯度和结构特性提供了一种可扩展和有效的方法，扩大了其在先进技术中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0