Carbon Trends最新文献_第3页

Toward carbon dots from citric acid and ethylenediamine, part 1: Structure, optical properties, main luminophore at different stages of synthesis

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100452

Alexey M. Vervald , Kirill A. Laptinskiy , Maria Yu. Khmeleva , Tatiana A. Dolenko

Carbon dots (CDs) from citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) synthesized under certain parameters of hydrothermal synthesis are reported to demonstrate ultra-bright luminescence in the blue-violet region with a quantum yield up to ∼100 %. However, the questions remain: is this luminescence really belong to the nanoparticles or to concomitant molecular luminophores; at what stage of the CDs’ synthesis such luminophores are formed and lost; how exactly structure of the reacted precursors changes when the synthesis parameters change? In this study, to answer these questions, the array of 392 samples of ethylenediamine and citric acid aqueous solutions undergone the process of hydrothermal method of synthesis, varying EDA:CA ratio in the range of 0–20:1, temperature in 80–200 °C, and reaction time in 0.5–6 h. For all samples the luminescence excitation-emission matrices, optical absorption and FTIR spectra were obtained, quantum yields and luminophores’ intensity of samples’ luminescence at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm were calculated. Based on the obtained data, the processes of CDs’ gradual synthesis – polymerization, dehydration and carbonization – were identified, the changes in the composition of the reaction products during different stages of synthesis were revealed. It was established that the formation of the main samples’ luminophores starts with the polymerization of precursors, accelerates with the initial carbonization of the samples, while the stage of graphitizing carbonization – formation of CDs cores – brings their partially destruction.

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引用次数: 0

The impact of graphene-based materials on anion-exchange membrane fuel cells

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100451

Aniket Raut , Haoyan Fang , Yu-Chung Lin , Shi Fu , Md Farabi Rahman , David Sprouster , Likun Wang , Yiwei Fang , Yifan Yin , Devanshi Bhardwaj , Rebecca Isseroff , Tai-De Li , Michael Cuiffo , John C. Douglin , Jaana Lilloja , Kaido Tammeveski , Dario R. Dekel , Miriam Rafailovich

This study addresses the challenges of power output and durability in anion-exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells (AEMFCs) through the use of graphene-based materials. Graphene oxide (GO) and partially reduced graphene oxide (prGO) with varying degrees of reduction were synthesized and characterized via Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). AEMs were coated with the synthesized graphene materials and tested with Pt catalyst. The addition of GO and prGO with high degrees of reduction improved power output by 12 % and 5 %, respectively, and increased durability by 29 %. Optimal reduction degree of prGO showed significant improvements, enhancing power output by 53 % and doubling membrane life. When FeCo-N-C replaced Pt/C at the cathode, the power enhancement with intermediate prGO was reduced to 16 %, and durability increased by only 13 %, indicating a specific synergy with Pt. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) analysis showed that graphene addition maintained membrane integrity and prevented Pt nucleation within the membrane. However, after 140 h, the membrane interface became rough, causing electrical shorts. It is hypothesized that the hexagonal carbon ring structure of graphene allows OH⁻ migration but blocks larger Pt ions, preventing degradation. Further investigation is needed to understand the significant power enhancement with minimal prGO addition.

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引用次数: 0

Heterostructured crystalline and non-crystalline carbon coatings -A sustainable solution for corrosion inhibition in reinforced concrete

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100454

M. Ananthkumar , Mini K M , Saravanakumar Tamilarasan , Murali Rangarajan

Corrosion is the major form of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures which leads to reduction in strength followed by complete failure. The current work focuses on the development of a heterostructured composite coating on Fe500 steel consisting of hard carbon and soft carbon possessing anticorrosive properties. The interaction between amorphous and crystalline carbon significantly enhances corrosion resistance in Fe500 steel, with specific ratios improving inhibition efficiency, verified by physicochemical characterizations and tests. In this study, carbon coated Fe500 strips were exposed to a simulated concrete pore solution containing 3.5 % NaCl, replicating corrosive conditions. Different combinations such as 100 % hard carbon (HC), 100 % soft carbon (SC), 25 % soft carbon + 75 % hard carbon (25SC/75HC), 50% soft carbon + 50 % hard carbon (50SC/50HC), and 75 % soft carbon + 25 % hard carbon (75SC/25HC) were assessed and tested. Tafel plots were generated to assess the corrosion rate. Among the different coatings tested, the 50 % soft carbon + 50 % hard carbon (50SC/50HC) composite exhibited the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency, with a corrosion rate of 0.0103 mmpy. After 5000 cycles, the material showed no crystalline or morphological changes, maintaining stability and excellent corrosion resistance for concrete.

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引用次数: 0

Competition between fragmentation and defragmentation of сarbon black nanoparticle agglomerates under a degenerate optical microcavitation mode

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100453

Alexandra Shamova , Galina Shandybina , Dmitry Polyakov , Evgeny Kuzmin , Valeria Domazhirova , Andrey Belikov

This paper studies the nonlinear transformation process of carbon black nanoparticle agglomerates in water under nanosecond near-infrared laser irradiation. An experimental and theoretical relationship between the sizes of a microbubble and a carbon microparticle has been obtained. A thermophysical calculation based on an analytical solution of the heat conduction equation for a homogeneous sphere and infinite medium possess different thermal properties, allowed analyzing the dynamics of a carbon microparticle cooling in the degenerate optical microcavitation modes (long-lived microbubbles) and tracing the trend of changes in the accumulated temperature depending on laser parameters. A region of parameters (pulse number, repetition rate) in which the transition from the fragmentation to defragmentation of the agglomerates occurs has been experimentally found. Differentiation of these processes contributed to the definition of the role of degenerate optical microcavitation in combination with accumulative effects and the detailing of their mechanisms. A fragmentation mechanism has been established that takes into account degenerate optical microcavitation. A mechanism for defragmentation of carbon black nanoparticle agglomerates has been proposed based on the creation of prerequisites for water transition into the state of a supercritical fluid accompanied by partial agglomerate dissolution in laser-induced long-lived microbubbles at the cooling stage and on the decrease of agglomerate maximum heating temperature because of increased light scattering by long-lived microbubbles. The regularities studied are important for the development of laser technologies for destruction of carbon black nanoparticle agglomerates in liquid media, including biological ones.

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引用次数: 0

Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis method

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100446

José D. Pizha , Diana G. Heredia , Luis Corredor , Carlos Reinoso , Werner Bramer , Jules Gardener , Guillermo Solorzano , Gema Gonzalez

Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MagCNTs) have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional magnetic properties, robust adsorption capabilities, and unique thermal conductivity, making them valuable in fields such as drug delivery and environmental technology. However, their production and design face challenges due to complex methodologies and the exposure of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment, which hinders scalability and compromises their applications. Issues like rapid oxidation of iron-based NPs and potential toxicity of alternative metals like cobalt or nickel further limit their efficacy and utility. To address these challenges, encapsulating the metallic NPs can preserve their magnetic properties and enhance application options. In this study, we introduce a novel, in-situ, one-step synthesis method to encapsulate magnetic NPs, such as Fe

_{3}

O

_{4}

, Fe, and Fe

_{3}

C, within the structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The material was synthesized via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) using Fe

_{3}

O

_{4}

NPs as the catalyst. The composition and morphology were studied using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). These analysis revealed the effective confinement of magnetic NPs, with size approximately 10–20 nm, within the CNTs. Furthermore, VSM results confirmed the magnetic properties at room temperature, with a magnetic saturation value of 35.8 emu/g. This approach offers a refined production process and material design, expanding their applicability in various technological and biomedical fields.

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring the properties of graphene nanosheets during electrochemical exfoliation

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100449

Markus Ostermann , Lukas Kalchgruber , Jürgen Schodl , Peter Lieberzeit , Pierluigi Bilotto , Markus Valtiner

The large-scale production of graphene remains a significant bottleneck in harnessing the potential of this material. Electrochemical exfoliation offers a green, sustainable production protocol that is suitable for industrial scale-up. However, the material produced often suffers from a low yield and limited functional groups, which restricts its use in advanced applications.

In this study, we introduce a mathematical model that elucidates the intricate influences of production parameters, such as temperature and potential, on the characteristics of the product. A comprehensive understanding of the exfoliation process is achieved through detailed insights provided by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and powder conductivity measurements. Design-of-Experiment and Pareto analysis are employed to determine the optimal production conditions. As a result, graphene nanosheets, tailored with specific physical and chemical properties (e.g., functional groups, conductivity), can be produced.

Furthermore, we describe the significant influence of the cation during sulfate-based anodic exfoliation, which allows for efficiency and cost optimization. In general, the tailoring aspect of this work paves the way towards the industrial production of graphene nanosheets, tailored to the intended application. Simultaneously, the experimental design lays the foundation for a data-driven machine learning method for the optimal synthesis of sustainable two-dimensional materials.

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引用次数: 0

Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots (FGQDs): A review of their synthesis, properties, and emerging biomedical applications

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100442

Abida Jan , Midhat Batool , Samreen Akram , Akhtar Hussain Malik , Waheed Ahmad Khanday , Waseem A. Wani , Rayees Ahmad Sheikh , Jahangir Ahmad Rather , Palanisamy Kannan

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique electronic, optical, physical, and chemical properties. As nanoscale fragments of graphene rich in electrons, GQDs offer enhanced capabilities that elevate their potential across a wide range of applications. This review paper delves into the synthesis, characterization, and applications of functionalized graphene quantum dots (FGQDs), which exhibit exceptional photoelectronic properties resulting from quantum confinement and edge effects. These features position FGQDs as promising materials for optoelectronic technologies. The review also highlights various functionalization strategies, providing valuable insights for researchers seeking to optimize GQDs for specific applications. By understanding the correct functionalization techniques, researchers can tailor the properties of FGQDs to enhance their performance in a range of applications. This article offers an in-depth discussion of synthetic approaches for producing FGQDs with diverse chemical groups and functionalities, alongside a thorough overview of characterization techniques, ranging from morphological and crystallographic analysis to componential and absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, the review explores the growing potential of FGQDs in biomedical applications, including biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapeutics. It underscores the advances in research and development that are crucial for unlocking the full biomedical potential of FGQDs, while also addressing the challenges that remain to be tackled in the future. As the field continues to evolve, the insights presented in this review provide a solid foundation for future breakthroughs in the synthesis and application of FGQDs.

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引用次数: 0

Mild opening procedure to obtain open-ended yet long single-wall carbon nanotubes for subsequent filling

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100439

Aina Fitó-Parera , Miguel Ángel López Carrillo , Marcel Erwan Tonye , Maksiem Erkens , Pegie Cool , Wim Wenseleers , Salomé Forel , Sofie Cambré

Encapsulation of molecules inside the hollow core of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has become an interesting research field to create new functionalities. To fill the SWCNTs, as-synthesized SWCNTs first need to be opened. Typical opening procedures however include harsh (mechanical or chemical) steps, such as strong acid oxidation, grinding, and sonication, which cut the SWCNTs into much shorter segments. While SWCNTs can be synthesized with lengths up to several micrometers, opened SWCNTs typically show maximum lengths of only a few hundred nanometers, limiting their use for filling with long, one-dimensional arrays of molecules or studying the transport of molecules through their hollow core. Here, we present a mild opening procedure to achieve open, yet long SWCNTs. By comparing different processing steps in their ability to open SWCNTs without significantly reducing the SWCNT length, we present a simple three-step procedure including an air oxidation, a mild acidic treatment, and a high-temperature vacuum annealing, resulting in nearly complete opening of all SWCNTs in a sample, independent of the SWCNT chiral structure and diameter. The procedure has been applied to different SWCNT starting batches to confirm its general applicability. While the opening of SWCNTs is characterized by optical spectroscopy after water filling, statistical SWCNT length distributions are obtained through atomic force microscopy and hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging of SWCNTs. Our results demonstrate that mechanical steps, such as grinding and sonication, can be strictly avoided to obtain a significant fraction of opened SWCNTs with longer lengths.

{"title":"Mild opening procedure to obtain open-ended yet long single-wall carbon nanotubes for subsequent filling","authors":"Aina Fitó-Parera , Miguel Ángel López Carrillo , Marcel Erwan Tonye , Maksiem Erkens , Pegie Cool , Wim Wenseleers , Salomé Forel , Sofie Cambré","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Encapsulation of molecules inside the hollow core of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has become an interesting research field to create new functionalities. To fill the SWCNTs, as-synthesized SWCNTs first need to be opened. Typical opening procedures however include harsh (mechanical or chemical) steps, such as strong acid oxidation, grinding, and sonication, which cut the SWCNTs into much shorter segments. While SWCNTs can be synthesized with lengths up to several micrometers, opened SWCNTs typically show maximum lengths of only a few hundred nanometers, limiting their use for filling with long, one-dimensional arrays of molecules or studying the transport of molecules through their hollow core. Here, we present a mild opening procedure to achieve open, yet long SWCNTs. By comparing different processing steps in their ability to open SWCNTs without significantly reducing the SWCNT length, we present a simple three-step procedure including an air oxidation, a mild acidic treatment, and a high-temperature vacuum annealing, resulting in nearly complete opening of all SWCNTs in a sample, independent of the SWCNT chiral structure and diameter. The procedure has been applied to different SWCNT starting batches to confirm its general applicability. While the opening of SWCNTs is characterized by optical spectroscopy after water filling, statistical SWCNT length distributions are obtained through atomic force microscopy and hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging of SWCNTs. Our results demonstrate that mechanical steps, such as grinding and sonication, can be strictly avoided to obtain a significant fraction of opened SWCNTs with longer lengths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Color change mechanism and application of oxidized carbon dots/I2O4 composite (OCDs/I2O4) in alcoholic beverages

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100440

Ming-yu Shi, Ao Li, Tian-hao Ji, Da-jian Jv, Zhe-mi Xu

Currently, ethanol detection in alcoholic beverages typically relies on complicated and costly approaches, including gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry, etc. Herein, we developed a non-toxicity, practical, low-cost and portable visual indicator for ethanol detection based on OCDs/I₂O₄ nanopowders. By color change, the OCDs/I₂O₄ can visually indicate ethanol concentration ranging from 14 % vol to 56 % vol and the detection limit can be further extended to 2 % vol with a UV-visible spectrum. The OCDs/I₂O₄ indicator shows good stability and long-term endurance for at least 18 months, and it can be used under different temperatures (at least from 3 °C to 40 °C) and humidity (at least from 10 % to 90 %). A possible mechanism for the color change has been proposed based on the covalent-link hydrogen bonding change between OCDs and I₂O₄. The proposed OCDs/I₂O₄ composite offers a convenient and practical solution for ethanol monitoring in various alcoholic beverages.

{"title":"Color change mechanism and application of oxidized carbon dots/I2O4 composite (OCDs/I2O4) in alcoholic beverages","authors":"Ming-yu Shi, Ao Li, Tian-hao Ji, Da-jian Jv, Zhe-mi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, ethanol detection in alcoholic beverages typically relies on complicated and costly approaches, including gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry, etc. Herein, we developed a non-toxicity, practical, low-cost and portable visual indicator for ethanol detection based on OCDs/I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanopowders. By color change, the OCDs/I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> can visually indicate ethanol concentration ranging from 14 % vol to 56 % vol and the detection limit can be further extended to 2 % vol with a UV-visible spectrum. The OCDs/I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> indicator shows good stability and long-term endurance for at least 18 months, and it can be used under different temperatures (at least from 3 °C to 40 °C) and humidity (at least from 10 % to 90 %). A possible mechanism for the color change has been proposed based on the covalent-link hydrogen bonding change between OCDs and I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The proposed OCDs/I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite offers a convenient and practical solution for ethanol monitoring in various alcoholic beverages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-situ electrochemical fabrication of holey graphene oxide and oxo-functionalized graphene for electrochemical sensing

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100447

Gang Li , Ming Qin , Qiang Zhang , Baiqing Yuan , Lanxin Xue , Shuning Zhang , Jingfei Yan , Chunying Xu

The in-situ electrochemical generation method streamlines the synthesis of active materials directly onto the electrode surface, which enhances the electrical connection and minimizes interface resistance. This approach not only simplifies the modification process but also significantly enhances signal stability and reproducibility in electrochemical sensing. Here, holey graphene oxide and oxo-functionalized graphene were in-situ generated by an electrochemical method in a green and mild solution. The active interfaces were explored for the electrochemical sensing of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid, focusing on electroactivity, antifouling, selectivity, and background noise. Findings reveal the crucial role of oxo-functional groups and defects at the interfaces in determining the sensor's performance, highlighting a trade-off between high sensitivity and antifouling capability/selectivity.

引用次数: 0