Carbon Trends最新文献

Experimental evidence of flexural phonons in low-temperature heat capacity of carbon nanotubes

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100479

M.S. Barabashko , A.I. Krivchikov , A. Jeżowski , O. Bezkrovnyi , M.I. Bagatskii , V.V. Sumarokov , V. Boiko , D. Szewczyk

Low-temperature specific heat of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different grinding was studied. Two sets of modified, milled and oxidized/milled MWCNTs with an average outer diameter of 9.4 nm were used. The experimental results were compared with literature data for different carbon systems: bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), graphite and other MWCNTs. The contributions of phonon spectrum characteristics and intertube interactions were found to be significant factors influencing the heat capacity both in the case of MWCNTs and bundles of SWCNTs. The grinding effect, associated with the reduction of the size of MWCNTs agglomerates, leads to an increased heat capacity. It was demonstrated that the lowest-temperature heat capacity consists of two main contributions: the Debye (C₃T³) and the dispersive (C₅T⁵) one. The obtained negative C₅ parameter indicated flexural dispersion for phonons. The magnitudes of Debye and flexural dispersive components depend on structural parameters of nanotubes: such as the diameter of individual nanotubes, the average diameter of the bundle and the size of agglomerates. A monotonic proportional correlation was observed between C₃ and |C₅| parameters: |C₅| increases following a power law with an exponent of 1.5 with the increase of C₃. The maximum values of C₃ and |C₅| correspond to SWCNT systems, while the minimum values correspond to MWCNTs. These results show that the heat capacity of the nanotube system increases if the interaction forces between neighbouring SWCNTs in the bundle or between the walls inside of MWCNTs decrease. This dependence is confirmed by the grinding effect in the MWCNTs.

{"title":"Experimental evidence of flexural phonons in low-temperature heat capacity of carbon nanotubes","authors":"M.S. Barabashko , A.I. Krivchikov , A. Jeżowski , O. Bezkrovnyi , M.I. Bagatskii , V.V. Sumarokov , V. Boiko , D. Szewczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-temperature specific heat of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different grinding was studied. Two sets of modified, milled and oxidized/milled MWCNTs with an average outer diameter of 9.4 nm were used. The experimental results were compared with literature data for different carbon systems: bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), graphite and other MWCNTs. The contributions of phonon spectrum characteristics and intertube interactions were found to be significant factors influencing the heat capacity both in the case of MWCNTs and bundles of SWCNTs. The grinding effect, associated with the reduction of the size of MWCNTs agglomerates, leads to an increased heat capacity. It was demonstrated that the lowest-temperature heat capacity consists of two main contributions: the Debye (<em>C<sub>3</sub>T<sup>3</sup></em>) and the dispersive (<em>C<sub>5</sub>T<sup>5</sup></em>) one. The obtained negative <em>C<sub>5</sub></em> parameter indicated flexural dispersion for phonons. The magnitudes of Debye and flexural dispersive components depend on structural parameters of nanotubes: such as the diameter of individual nanotubes, the average diameter of the bundle and the size of agglomerates. A monotonic proportional correlation was observed between <em>C<sub>3</sub></em> and |<em>C<sub>5</sub></em>| parameters: |<em>C<sub>5</sub></em>| increases following a power law with an exponent of 1.5 with the increase of <em>C<sub>3</sub></em>. The maximum values of <em>C<sub>3</sub></em> and |<em>C<sub>5</sub></em>| correspond to SWCNT systems, while the minimum values correspond to MWCNTs. These results show that the heat capacity of the nanotube system increases if the interaction forces between neighbouring SWCNTs in the bundle or between the walls inside of MWCNTs decrease. This dependence is confirmed by the grinding effect in the MWCNTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pseudo bismuth vanadate anchored EDLC-MWCNTs: Supercapacitive electrode to a symmetric solid-state device

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100475

Lakshmana Kumar Bommineedi , Tushar B. Deshmukh , Avinash C. Mendhe , Sachin R. Rondiya , Babasaheb R. Sankapal

Sponge analogous nano pebbles of bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) decorated over multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method have been explored towards supercapacitor application through enhanced (8 times) surface roughness (S_a) compared to bare MWCNTs; well supported by wettability studies. Electrochemical studies through CV, GCD, EIS, and electrochemical stability performances of the electrode have been performed in 1 M KCl electrolyte where MWCNTs/BiVO₄ showed the highest capacitance (1334.66 F/g) at 3 mV/s with good electrochemical stability of 103 % even after 3500 CV cycles. Interestingly, symmetric solid-state supercapacitor assembled using PVA embedded LiClO₄ gel exhibited a remarkable potential window of 1.83 V with corresponding energy and power densities of 18.38 Wh/kg and 2.13 kW/kg, respectively at 1 mA/cm². The novelty of this work lies in the introduction of a symmetric device using MWCNTs/BiVO₄ electrodes for the first time along with its potential for real-world use by illuminating ‘VNIT ‘acronym consisting of 21 red LEDs.

{"title":"Pseudo bismuth vanadate anchored EDLC-MWCNTs: Supercapacitive electrode to a symmetric solid-state device","authors":"Lakshmana Kumar Bommineedi , Tushar B. Deshmukh , Avinash C. Mendhe , Sachin R. Rondiya , Babasaheb R. Sankapal","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sponge analogous nano pebbles of bismuth vanadate (BiVO<sub>4</sub>) decorated over multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method have been explored towards supercapacitor application through enhanced (8 times) surface roughness (S<sub>a</sub>) compared to bare MWCNTs; well supported by wettability studies. Electrochemical studies through CV, GCD, EIS, and electrochemical stability performances of the electrode have been performed in 1 M KCl electrolyte where MWCNTs/BiVO<sub>4</sub> showed the highest capacitance (1334.66 F/g) at 3 mV/s with good electrochemical stability of 103 % even after 3500 CV cycles. Interestingly, symmetric solid-state supercapacitor assembled using PVA embedded LiClO<sub>4</sub> gel exhibited a remarkable potential window of 1.83 V with corresponding energy and power densities of 18.38 Wh/kg and 2.13 kW/kg, respectively at 1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The novelty of this work lies in the introduction of a symmetric device using MWCNTs/BiVO<sub>4</sub> electrodes for the first time along with its potential for real-world use by illuminating ‘VNIT ‘acronym consisting of 21 red LEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent application of carbon nanotubes in energy storage and conversion devices

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100470

Abdulazeez Tunbosun Lawal

Worldwide energy demand is increasing at an unprecedented rate due to rapid population growth and industrialization. Hence, renewable and environmentally friendly energy production platforms are more needed than ever as alternatives to fossil fuels, which is a critical societal dilemma. The superior mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electrochemical properties of Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them a promising next-generation material for energy conversion and storage applications. CNTs can be synthesized using various methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, laser ablation, and carbon arc discharge. Each of their properties makes them an ideal candidate for various energy conversion and storage devices. Moreover, the performance of CNTs in these energy devices can be improved by surface functionalization, heteroatom doping, structural modification, introductions of defects, promoting transport hydrodynamic processes, and resolving existing degradation issues, such as catalyst poisoning and precipitation. Owing to their highest specific capacitance, enhanced rate capability, and extended cycle life, CNTs have been used in electrochemical energy storage systems, such as supercapacitors, batteries, and supercapattery, as well in energy conversion platforms, such as fuel cells, microbial fuel cells, and solar cells. Since CNTs are emerging as a technologically promising multi-functional nanomaterial due to their unique nanostructure and physical and chemical properties, this review also covers the challenges in realizing the full potential of CNTs for our energy storage and conversion technologies, together with future research directions needed to optimise their structure, properties and functionalisation.

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引用次数: 0

Pyrolysis conversion of crown-ether-based covalent networks to kagome metal-organic frameworks on Au(111) and Ag(111)

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100474

Yifan Liang , Jianing Wang , Ruoting Yin , Zhengya Wang , Xiaoqing Wang , Jie Meng , Shijing Tan , Chuanxu Ma , Qunxiang Li , Bing Wang

On-surface chemistry provides an efficient approach to construction of diverse covalent architectures with atomic precision, ranging from one-dimensional chains and ribbons to two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on coinage metal substrates. This study explores a distinct on-surface pyrolysis approach to MOFs derived from a crown ether molecular precursor on Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces. Utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we elucidate the adsorption behavior and the characteristic macrocyclic configuration of the crown ether on Au(111). Subsequent surface-catalyzed Ullmann coupling reactions at an annealing temperature of 470 K lead to highly disordered COFs with the formation of four-membered and six-membered rings through dimerization and trimerization. For the Ag(111) surface, further annealing at 520 K initiates a unique dehydrogenative reaction within the macrocyclic rings, resulting in the loss of six hydrogen atoms. At an elevated temperature of 720 K, breaking of the second C−O bonds yields a long-range ordered triphenylene-based MOF structure. Electronic characterizations reveal the presence of both regular and diatomic kagome lattices, together with distinct quantum-dot states emerging in the pore regions. Additionally, we investigate the selective encapsulation of single guest picenes within the MOF structure, emphasizing the potential of triphenylene-based frameworks for advanced applications in sensing and molecular filtering. Our findings provide a comprehensive insight into the chemical reactivity of crown ethers on metal substrates and demonstrate a novel pathway to designing MOFs through an on-surface pyrolysis process.

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引用次数: 0

MXenes for sustainable energy: A comprehensive review on conservation and storage applications

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100471

Mirlan Jussambayev , Kalizhan Shakenov , Shynggyskhan Sultakhan , Ulan Zhantikeyev , Kydyr Askaruly , Kainaubek Toshtay , Seitkhan Azat

This review explores the potential of MXenes, a novel class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, in advancing energy storage and conservation technologies. MXenes exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties, including a high specific surface area (∼390 m² g⁻¹ for MXene@PPy-800), outstanding electrical conductivity, and robust chemical stability, making them ideal for energy-related applications. In supercapacitors, MXene-based electrodes have demonstrated capacitances exceeding 700 F g⁻¹ at 1 mV s⁻¹, with retention of over 90 % of their initial performance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. For lithium-ion batteries, MXenes achieve theoretical capacities ranging from 390 to 600 mAh g⁻¹, depending on the type of MXene material, with experimental reversible capacities often exceeding 400 mAh g⁻¹ at 1C rates and high cycling stability.

This review synthesizes recent research efforts on the synthesis, structural characterization, and integration of MXenes into energy storage systems. Findings highlight their versatility as electrode materials for supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells, as well as their catalytic potential in solar energy conversion. Despite these advancements, challenges remain unresolved. Scalability of MXene synthesis through selective etching methods continues to be a significant technical and economic barrier. Moreover, while MXene-based devices show high initial performance, further work is needed to improve long-term stability in operational and harsh chemical environments.

By providing a comprehensive overview of MXene-based energy systems, this review identifies critical gaps in understanding their electrochemical mechanisms, particularly ion transport and surface interaction dynamics. Addressing these challenges will be key to optimizing MXene properties and enabling their widespread application in efficient and sustainable energy technologies.

{"title":"MXenes for sustainable energy: A comprehensive review on conservation and storage applications","authors":"Mirlan Jussambayev , Kalizhan Shakenov , Shynggyskhan Sultakhan , Ulan Zhantikeyev , Kydyr Askaruly , Kainaubek Toshtay , Seitkhan Azat","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review explores the potential of MXenes, a novel class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, in advancing energy storage and conservation technologies. MXenes exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties, including a high specific surface area (∼390 m² g⁻¹ for MXene@PPy-800), outstanding electrical conductivity, and robust chemical stability, making them ideal for energy-related applications. In supercapacitors, MXene-based electrodes have demonstrated capacitances exceeding 700 F g⁻¹ at 1 mV s⁻¹, with retention of over 90 % of their initial performance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. For lithium-ion batteries, MXenes achieve theoretical capacities ranging from 390 to 600 mAh g⁻¹, depending on the type of MXene material, with experimental reversible capacities often exceeding 400 mAh g⁻¹ at 1C rates and high cycling stability.</div><div>This review synthesizes recent research efforts on the synthesis, structural characterization, and integration of MXenes into energy storage systems. Findings highlight their versatility as electrode materials for supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells, as well as their catalytic potential in solar energy conversion. Despite these advancements, challenges remain unresolved. Scalability of MXene synthesis through selective etching methods continues to be a significant technical and economic barrier. Moreover, while MXene-based devices show high initial performance, further work is needed to improve long-term stability in operational and harsh chemical environments.</div><div>By providing a comprehensive overview of MXene-based energy systems, this review identifies critical gaps in understanding their electrochemical mechanisms, particularly ion transport and surface interaction dynamics. Addressing these challenges will be key to optimizing MXene properties and enabling their widespread application in efficient and sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co3O4-graphene core-shell QDs-PMMA insulating polymer composites structured nonvolatile bistable memory devices

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100473

Jinseo Park , Jaeho Shim , Dong Ick Son

Nonvolatile hybrid inorganic/organic bistable memory devices fabricated utilizing Co₃O₄-graphene core-shell quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an insulating poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer matrix as active layer which were fabricated using a spin-coating technique. To improve the quantum confinement of Co₃O₄ QD, graphene, which has high electron affinity, was synthesized with Co₃O₄ QD core as a shell to form a core-shell structure that serves as an excellent trap site. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that Co₃O₄-graphene core-shell QDs with a diameter of approximately 5 nm were formed among the PMMA polymer matrix. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements on Al/ Co₃O₄-graphene core-shell QDs embedded in PMMA polymer matrix/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) devices at 300 K showed electrical bistability. The maximum ON/OFF ratio of the current bistability for the OBMDs was as large as 1.8 × 10⁴, the cycling endurance for the devices was above 2.5 × 10³ cycles, and retention times for the devices were larger than 5.8 × 10⁴ s. The carrier transport mechanisms for the devices were described by fitting the experimental I-V data using several models.

{"title":"Co3O4-graphene core-shell QDs-PMMA insulating polymer composites structured nonvolatile bistable memory devices","authors":"Jinseo Park , Jaeho Shim , Dong Ick Son","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonvolatile hybrid inorganic/organic bistable memory devices fabricated utilizing Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-graphene core-shell quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an insulating poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer matrix as active layer which were fabricated using a spin-coating technique. To improve the quantum confinement of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> QD, graphene, which has high electron affinity, was synthesized with Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> QD core as a shell to form a core-shell structure that serves as an excellent trap site. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-graphene core-shell QDs with a diameter of approximately 5 nm were formed among the PMMA polymer matrix. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements on Al/ Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-graphene core-shell QDs embedded in PMMA polymer matrix/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) devices at 300 K showed electrical bistability. The maximum ON/OFF ratio of the current bistability for the OBMDs was as large as 1.8 × 10<sup>4</sup>, the cycling endurance for the devices was above 2.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> cycles, and retention times for the devices were larger than 5.8 × 10<sup>4</sup> s. The carrier transport mechanisms for the devices were described by fitting the experimental I-V data using several models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polarized Raman spectroscopy of aligned DNA-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100469

Seyedeh Maryam Banihashemian , Mohsen Mesbah , Hesam Kamyab , Mohammad Mahdi Taheri , Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian

This study introduces a new method to create highly ordered, self-aligned arrays of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using short DNA composed of 20 thymine bases, known as Poly(dT)20. The SWCNTs were first functionalized through a chemical treatment involving a mixture of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and nitric acid (HNO₃) in a 3:1 ratio, followed by uniform dispersion achieved via a cold ultrasonic technique. Subsequently, the Poly(dT)20 was wrapped around the SWCNTs using a sonothermal process, with variations in time and temperature to enhance alignment. The structural integrity and alignment of the resulting Poly(dT)20 /SWCNT arrays were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and profile meter geometry analysis, all of which confirmed the successful alignment of the SWCNTs. Further analysis through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided evidence of the bonding interactions between the Poly(dT)20 and SWCNTs. Ennhanced Raman spectroscopy of the Poly(dT)20/SWCNT arrays, conducted with polarized light, revealed a significant dependence of the G-band on the polarization angle, yielding a depolarization ratio of 0.211 and linear relationship between I and Cos ² (α). The HRTEM image confirms that the attachment of 20-mer thymine to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by wrapping around them introduces steric hindrance, which physically separates the nanotubes and prevents aggregation. This finding indicates a well alignment of the Poly(dT)20/SWCNT arrays. The anisotropic characteristics exhibited by the SWCNTs in conjunction with the Poly(dT)20 as a biomaterials suggest promising applications in various fields, including biomedical components, nano-electronic devices, and bio-optics.

{"title":"Polarized Raman spectroscopy of aligned DNA-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes","authors":"Seyedeh Maryam Banihashemian , Mohsen Mesbah , Hesam Kamyab , Mohammad Mahdi Taheri , Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a new method to create highly ordered, self-aligned arrays of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using short DNA composed of 20 thymine bases, known as Poly(dT)20. The SWCNTs were first functionalized through a chemical treatment involving a mixture of sulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) and nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>) in a 3:1 ratio, followed by uniform dispersion achieved via a cold ultrasonic technique. Subsequently, the Poly(dT)20 was wrapped around the SWCNTs using a sonothermal process, with variations in time and temperature to enhance alignment. The structural integrity and alignment of the resulting Poly(dT)20 /SWCNT arrays were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and profile meter geometry analysis, all of which confirmed the successful alignment of the SWCNTs. Further analysis through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided evidence of the bonding interactions between the Poly(dT)20 and SWCNTs. Ennhanced Raman spectroscopy of the Poly(dT)20/SWCNT arrays, conducted with polarized light, revealed a significant dependence of the G-band on the polarization angle, yielding a depolarization ratio of 0.211 and linear relationship between I and Cos <sup>2</sup> (α). The HRTEM image confirms that the attachment of 20-mer thymine to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by wrapping around them introduces steric hindrance, which physically separates the nanotubes and prevents aggregation. This finding indicates a well alignment of the Poly(dT)20/SWCNT arrays. The anisotropic characteristics exhibited by the SWCNTs in conjunction with the Poly(dT)20 as a biomaterials suggest promising applications in various fields, including biomedical components, nano-electronic devices, and bio-optics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of different drying techniques on the morphology of carbon aerogel: A combinatorial analysis using gas adsorption and small-angle scattering

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100468

Ashish Singh , Indranil Bhaumik , S.K. Mandal , Sushmita Bhartiya , Rashmi Singh , D.K. Kohli , Sunil Verma , Debasis Sen

The choice of drying process plays a crucial role on the morphology, vis-a-vis the physicochemical properties, of carbon aerogel (CA). In this article the effect of four common drying processes, namely, open-air drying (OAD), modified open-air drying with solvent exchange (MOAD), freeze-drying (FD) and critical-point drying (CPD), on the morphological characteristics of carbon aerogel has been studied using a combination of gas adsorption measurements and small angle (neutron and X-ray) scattering. The investigations reveal a wide diversity in the pore-size distribution in the samples. OAD and MOAD results CA having predominantly micropores with the lowest specific surface area and mesopore area as a consequence of collapse of pores during the drying process. On the other hand, the FD leads to blending of micro-to-meso-porous structures and CPD results a meso-to-macro-porous material. The scattering analysis reveals that the average size of primary particles as well as the agglomerates is the largest for CPD with high polydispersity, due to the fusion of the gel particles at the applied high pressure while drying, and the lowest fractal dimension signifying more open and less dense structure. The Porod analysis confirms the higher surface area for CPD as well. The relative low number density, bigger sizes and small packing fraction for CPD-CA and FD-CA complement the trend as observed in the gas adsorption. Finally, inline with the observed morphological diversity, the electrochemical measurement showed that the CPD-CA and FD-CA maintained desirable capacitive behavior with specific capacitance of 89 and 91 F/g, respectively .

{"title":"Role of different drying techniques on the morphology of carbon aerogel: A combinatorial analysis using gas adsorption and small-angle scattering","authors":"Ashish Singh , Indranil Bhaumik , S.K. Mandal , Sushmita Bhartiya , Rashmi Singh , D.K. Kohli , Sunil Verma , Debasis Sen","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The choice of drying process plays a crucial role on the morphology, vis-a-vis the physicochemical properties, of carbon aerogel (CA). In this article the effect of four common drying processes, namely, open-air drying (OAD), modified open-air drying with solvent exchange (MOAD), freeze-drying (FD) and critical-point drying (CPD), on the morphological characteristics of carbon aerogel has been studied using a combination of gas adsorption measurements and small angle (neutron and X-ray) scattering. The investigations reveal a wide diversity in the pore-size distribution in the samples. OAD and MOAD results CA having predominantly micropores with the lowest specific surface area and mesopore area as a consequence of collapse of pores during the drying process. On the other hand, the FD leads to blending of micro-to-meso-porous structures and CPD results a meso-to-macro-porous material. The scattering analysis reveals that the average size of primary particles as well as the agglomerates is the largest for CPD with high polydispersity, due to the fusion of the gel particles at the applied high pressure while drying, and the lowest fractal dimension signifying more open and less dense structure. The Porod analysis confirms the higher surface area for CPD as well. The relative low number density, bigger sizes and small packing fraction for CPD-CA and FD-CA complement the trend as observed in the gas adsorption. Finally, inline with the observed morphological diversity, the electrochemical measurement showed that the CPD-CA and FD-CA maintained desirable capacitive behavior with specific capacitance of 89 and 91 F/g, respectively .</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges in carbon ink formulation and strategies for fabrication of flexible supercapacitors

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100458

Mohammad Saquib , Shilpa Shetty , Lakshmikanth M , Akshatha Rathod , Kavya Naik , Ramakrishna Nayak , M. Selvakumar

The growing demand for flexible electronics has highlighted the significance of carbon-based conductive inks due to their cost-effectiveness, processability, conductivity, biocompatibility, and flexibility. This review investigates advanced materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and activated carbon, which are pivotal for ink formulation. It examines transformative printing technologies, including screen printing, inkjet printing, spray printing, direct ink writing, flexo-printing, and 3D printing. Advancements in ink formulations are discussed with a focus on the roles of binders, resins, and solvents, alongside challenges like optimizing rheological properties, particle sizes, and substrate adhesion. Each printing method's advantages and limitations are analysed concerning ink parameters like viscosity, stability, and compatibility with flexible substrates. By addressing the challenges and potential of carbon-based ink formulation, this review seeks to drive innovation in printed flexible electronics and energy storage devices for modern portable technologies.

{"title":"Challenges in carbon ink formulation and strategies for fabrication of flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Mohammad Saquib , Shilpa Shetty , Lakshmikanth M , Akshatha Rathod , Kavya Naik , Ramakrishna Nayak , M. Selvakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for flexible electronics has highlighted the significance of carbon-based conductive inks due to their cost-effectiveness, processability, conductivity, biocompatibility, and flexibility. This review investigates advanced materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and activated carbon, which are pivotal for ink formulation. It examines transformative printing technologies, including screen printing, inkjet printing, spray printing, direct ink writing, flexo-printing, and 3D printing. Advancements in ink formulations are discussed with a focus on the roles of binders, resins, and solvents, alongside challenges like optimizing rheological properties, particle sizes, and substrate adhesion. Each printing method's advantages and limitations are analysed concerning ink parameters like viscosity, stability, and compatibility with flexible substrates. By addressing the challenges and potential of carbon-based ink formulation, this review seeks to drive innovation in printed flexible electronics and energy storage devices for modern portable technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highly durability carbon fabric strain sensor: Monitoring environmental changes and tracking human motion

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100457

Tae Won Ha , Chil-Hyoung Lee , Dae Yun Lim , Young Baek Kim , Hyunjin Cho , Jin Hyeok Kim , Dong-Su Kim

Recently, e-textile-based strain sensors have been extensively researched for monitoring human motion across various environments. For practical use, fabric sensors must be both comfortable and durable when worn on the skin or integrated into clothing. This study fabricated a strain sensor using a versatile three-dimensional porous carbon fabric. Its performance was evaluated through tests measuring resistance changes under strain and relaxation, moisture absorption stability, tensile strength, temperature sensitivity, and durability over 1,000 repetitive tensile cycles. The sensor demonstrated the capability to detect small changes in ΔR/R₀ of <0.05 % and maintained excellent conductivity, remaining below 20 Ω sq⁻¹, even in water. It also exhibited high elasticity and flexibility, achieving up to 50 % elongation and remaining stable over 1,000 repeated measurements. To classify complex finger movements, sensors were attached to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, allowing simultaneous detection of each finger's motion. Designed as a garment, the carbon fabric strain sensor shows potential for detecting human motion underwater or in extreme environments, with fast response times and high sensitivity.

{"title":"Highly durability carbon fabric strain sensor: Monitoring environmental changes and tracking human motion","authors":"Tae Won Ha , Chil-Hyoung Lee , Dae Yun Lim , Young Baek Kim , Hyunjin Cho , Jin Hyeok Kim , Dong-Su Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, e-textile-based strain sensors have been extensively researched for monitoring human motion across various environments. For practical use, fabric sensors must be both comfortable and durable when worn on the skin or integrated into clothing. This study fabricated a strain sensor using a versatile three-dimensional porous carbon fabric. Its performance was evaluated through tests measuring resistance changes under strain and relaxation, moisture absorption stability, tensile strength, temperature sensitivity, and durability over 1,000 repetitive tensile cycles. The sensor demonstrated the capability to detect small changes in ΔR/R₀ of <0.05 % and maintained excellent conductivity, remaining below 20 Ω sq<sup>−1</sup>, even in water. It also exhibited high elasticity and flexibility, achieving up to 50 % elongation and remaining stable over 1,000 repeated measurements. To classify complex finger movements, sensors were attached to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, allowing simultaneous detection of each finger's motion. Designed as a garment, the carbon fabric strain sensor shows potential for detecting human motion underwater or in extreme environments, with fast response times and high sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0