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Small-angle x-ray scattering analysis of carbon fiber voids considering void length distribution 考虑空隙长度分布的碳纤维空隙小角 X 射线散射分析
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100346
Daisuke Kimura , Masahiko Demura , Kenji Nagata , Toshihira Irisawa , Yoshiki Sugimoto , Wataru Takarada , Masatoshi Shioya

The analysis method proposed by Ruland et al. is widely used to analyze the void lengths in carbon fibers, but it could not apply to mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers. We thought that the reason for the inability to analyze pitch-based carbon fibers was the length distribution of voids that Ruland neglected. We investigated an analytical method that considers the length distribution of voids in carbon fibers. The proposed new method could be applied to various carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile and mesophase pitch. The analysis results revealed that the average length of voids in mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers is not only long but also widely distributed. On the other hand, the voids of carbon fibers tend to be longer as the crystallite length is longer in both polyacrylonitrile-based and mesophase-based carbon fibers. It suggests that the growth of void length is strongly influenced by the growth of crystallites in the plane direction.

Ruland 等人提出的分析方法被广泛用于分析碳纤维中的空隙长度,但却无法应用于介相沥青基碳纤维。我们认为无法分析沥青基碳纤维的原因是 Ruland 忽视了空隙的长度分布。我们研究了一种考虑碳纤维中空隙长度分布的分析方法。所提出的新方法可应用于聚丙烯腈和间相沥青的各种碳纤维。分析结果表明,介相沥青基碳纤维中空隙的平均长度不仅很长,而且分布广泛。另一方面,无论是聚丙烯腈基碳纤维还是介相沥青基碳纤维,其空隙都趋于变长,因为晶体长度变长了。这表明,空隙长度的增长在很大程度上受晶体在平面方向上生长的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Thermonanomechanics of graphene oxide-M13 bacteriophage nanocomposites -towards graphene-based nanodevices 氧化石墨烯-M13噬菌体纳米复合材料的热变形力学--面向石墨烯基纳米器件
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100343
Kate Stokes , Yiwei Sun , Haowei Zhang , Paolo Passaretti , Henry White , Pola Goldberg Oppeneheimer

The self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) and M13 bacteriophage results in the formation of micro-porous structures, known as GraPhage13 aerogels (GPA). Given the limited applications of aerogels in industry due to their nanomechanical properties, along with the previously observed temperature-dependent characteristics in graphene-based nanocomposites, a thorough exploration of the thermosensitive nanomechanical properties of GPA is essential. Herein, a comprehensive characterisation of the morphology, composition, and spectroscopic analysis of the GPA for a range of temperatures has been conducted and correlated with its nanomechanical properties. Elevated temperatures have been found to lead to gradual removal of oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs) from GPA, resulting in increased structural defects and reduced stiffness. Notably, unique nanomechanical behaviours of GPA have been further identified, where the thermal expansion of sp3 bonds exceeds that of a crystalline sp3 structure, while the thermal contraction of sp2 bonds in GPA is found to be between graphite and GO. This underscores the impact of GO functionalisation on the thermal expansion behaviour of GPA. The obtained insights enhance the overall comprehension of the temperature annealing impact on GPA and highlight the tunability of its nanomechanical properties, showcasing a broad potential of this novel nanocomposite across a diverse range of applications.

氧化石墨烯(GO)和 M13 噬菌体的自组装形成了微孔结构,即 GraPhage13 气凝胶(GPA)。由于气凝胶的纳米力学性能,以及之前观察到的石墨烯基纳米复合材料随温度变化的特性,气凝胶在工业中的应用非常有限,因此对 GPA 的热敏纳米力学性能进行深入探讨至关重要。在此,我们对 GPA 在一定温度范围内的形态、组成和光谱分析进行了综合表征,并将其与纳米力学性能联系起来。研究发现,温度升高会导致 GPA 中的含氧官能团(OCFGs)逐渐去除,从而导致结构缺陷增加和刚度降低。值得注意的是,还进一步发现了 GPA 独特的纳米力学行为,其中 sp3 键的热膨胀超过了晶体 sp3 结构,而 GPA 中 sp2 键的热收缩介于石墨和 GO 之间。这强调了 GO 功能化对 GPA 热膨胀行为的影响。所获得的见解增强了对温度退火对 GPA 影响的整体理解,突出了其纳米力学性能的可调性,展示了这种新型纳米复合材料在各种应用领域的广泛潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide reinforcement on the thermal and mechanical properties of CFRP 掺氮还原氧化石墨烯增强材料对 CFRP 热性能和机械性能的影响
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100344
Tahir Soyugüzel , Hülya Kaftelen-Odabaşı , Zahit Mecitoğlu

This study used experimental methods to investigate the impact of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide particles (ND-RGOP) reinforcement on thermal and mechanical properties of unidirectional carbon fiber/ epoxy composites (CFRP). In the results, storage modulus and loss modulus significantly increase with the ND-RGOP addition. Besides, glass transition temperature is enhanced with the addition of 0.4 wt% ND-RGOP. In tensile mode, when compared to the baseline (0 weight% ND-RGOP) composites, the elastic modulus in the 0° direction (E1) enhanced by 8.25 % and 11.39 % with 0.4 (0.4 weight%) and 0.8 (0.8 weight%) ND-RGOP addition, respectively. Besides, the ultimate tensile strength of the 0.4 ND-RGOP/CFRP composites significantly reduced by 16.33 % and 53.08 % in both 0° and 90° directions, respectively, as a result of the fracture mechanism changing from fiber pull out and fiber cracking to fiber breakage which was confirmed by SEM investigations. Furthermore, both the compressive modulus and the shear modulus increased with ND-RGOP reinforcement over 10 %, although the ultimate compressive strength decreases with low ND-RGOP reinforcement. In conclusion, low concentrations of ND-RGOP addition improves the thermal and mechanical properties of CFRP laminates in elastic region, although high concentrations of ND-RGOP decreases the thermal properties.

本研究采用实验方法研究了氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯颗粒(ND-RGOP)增强对单向碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料(CFRP)的热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加 ND-RGOP 后,储能模量和损耗模量明显增加。此外,添加 0.4 wt% 的 ND-RGOP 还能提高玻璃化转变温度。在拉伸模式下,与基线(0 重量% ND-RGOP)复合材料相比,添加 0.4(0.4 重量%)和 0.8(0.8 重量%)ND-RGOP 后,0° 方向的弹性模量(E1)分别提高了 8.25 % 和 11.39 %。此外,0.4 ND-RGOP/CFRP 复合材料在 0° 和 90° 方向上的极限拉伸强度分别显著降低了 16.33 % 和 53.08 %,这是由于断裂机制从纤维拉出和纤维开裂转变为纤维断裂,这一点已被扫描电镜研究证实。此外,当 ND-RGOP 增强量超过 10%时,压缩模量和剪切模量都会增加,但当 ND-RGOP 增强量较低时,极限压缩强度会降低。总之,低浓度的 ND-RGOP 可改善 CFRP 层压板弹性区域的热性能和机械性能,但高浓度的 ND-RGOP 会降低热性能。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental research on optimizing carbon materials for filtration applications in medicine 关于优化医疗过滤应用碳材料的实验研究
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100338
Assiya Nuraly , Alibek Mutushev , Aigul Tuleibayeva , Juan Maria Gonzalez-Leal

In the present investigation, carbonized rice husk (CRH) were used as a feedstock for obtaining experimental samples of a carbon monolith. The choice of carbonized rice husk is due to environmental friendliness and availability, optimal physico-chemical and structural features. CRH was obtained by carbonization of rice husks in steam at 900–950 °C, followed by demineralization of 2–15 % nitric acid. The article is devoted to the study of carbon material for use in medicine. In this work, 9 samples of a carbon monolith with different ratios of components were obtained. The samples were obtained on the basis of CRH and plastic mass, which were used as binders. A sample with optimal characteristics was determined: sorption capacity 75.6 %, specific surface according to the multi-current BET method 360.56 m2, sorption of ethyl alcohol in biological media 50 %. Sorption capacity was determined using methylene blue dye, which simulates medium molecular weight toxicants. The specific surface area was measured on a sorbtometer using the multiprecision BET method, and the sorption of ethyl alcohol in biological media was determined on a chromatograph. It has been established that the carbon-silicon composition of the sorbent has the mildest sorption compared to the pure carbon composition. Sample No. 8 has a high specific surface area and sorption capacity, which will allow it to absorb a wide range of toxins of various origins, including biological fluids

在本研究中,碳化稻壳(CRH)被用作获得碳单质实验样品的原料。选择碳化稻壳的原因在于其环保性和可用性,以及最佳的物理化学和结构特征。在 900-950 °C 的蒸汽中对稻壳进行碳化,然后用 2-15 % 的硝酸进行脱盐处理,即可获得 CRH。这篇文章专门研究了用于医药的碳材料。在这项工作中,获得了 9 个具有不同成分比例的碳单质样品。这些样品是在 CRH 和塑料块(用作粘合剂)的基础上获得的。确定了具有最佳特性的样品:吸附能力 75.6%,根据多流 BET 法测定的比表面 360.56 m2,生物介质中乙醇的吸附率 50%。吸附能力是用亚甲蓝染料测定的,亚甲蓝染料模拟中等分子量的有毒物质。比表面积在吸附仪上用多精度 BET 法测定,乙醇在生物介质中的吸附量在色谱仪上测定。结果表明,与纯碳成分相比,碳硅成分的吸附剂具有最温和的吸附性。8 号样品具有较高的比表面积和吸附能力,可吸附各种来源的毒素,包括生物液
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide (GO) for the removal of lead ions in water 用于去除水中铅离子的氧化石墨烯 (GO) 的合成与表征
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100339
L.S. Mokoena, J.P. Mofokeng

The synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide (GO) for water related applications has become an increasing area of research. GO was prepared via Hummer's method, and analysed for structure, morphology, thermal stability, and the ability to remove heavy lead ions from solution. In FTIR analyses, hydroxyl, carboxyl and ester groups were found to be on the structure of GO. XRD showed the interlayer spacing to have increased from graphite to graphene oxide, whereby the average crystallite size of GO was 16.13. Then SEM confirmed the morphology of GO to be exfoliated and wrinkled, with stacked layers. In TGA, EG degraded in a single step, while GO degraded in three distinct steps. When using AAS to analyse the Pb (II) ion intake properties of GO, it showed a maximum adsorption of 98.1% for 600 ppm lead ion solution. The Freundlich isotherm model was consistent with this adsorption, meaning that adsorption took place on a heterogenous surface, on a multilayer basis. The value of n for this isotherm was 0.1474, implying a dominant chemical adsorption. A significant contribution was done to the structure of GO, with its metal adsorption properties clearly portrayed.

用于水相关应用的氧化石墨烯(GO)的合成和表征已成为一个日益重要的研究领域。通过 Hummer 方法制备了 GO,并对其结构、形态、热稳定性以及从溶液中去除重铅离子的能力进行了分析。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析发现,GO 的结构中含有羟基、羧基和酯基。XRD 显示,层间距从石墨增加到了氧化石墨烯,因此 GO 的平均结晶尺寸为 16.13。然后,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证实 GO 的形态为剥离和皱褶,层层堆叠。在热重分析中,EG 的降解过程只有一步,而 GO 的降解过程则有三个不同的步骤。当使用 AAS 分析 GO 的铅(II)离子吸附特性时,它对 600 ppm 铅离子溶液的最大吸附率为 98.1%。Freundlich 等温线模型与这种吸附相一致,这意味着吸附是在多层的异质表面上进行的。该等温线的 n 值为 0.1474,意味着化学吸附占主导地位。这对 GO 的结构做出了重大贡献,其金属吸附特性清晰可见。
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引用次数: 0
System of metastable volume-localized electronic states in positively charged semiconductor single-wall carbon nanotubes 带正电的半导体单壁碳纳米管中的可蜕变体积定位电子态系统
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100340
S.A. Votyakov , A.V. Osadchy , E.D. Obraztsova

The volume-localized electronic states (SAMOs) with a maximum of their electron wave functions located in the cavity of nanomaterials have been experimentally and theoretically demonstrated in a fullerene. The existence of SAMOs in single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was also predicted theoretically. In the present paper, these volume states in semiconductor SWCNTs were theoretically investigated using numerical quantum modeling based on density functional theory (DFT). It is shown that the well appears in the center of the tube, whose depth increases with increasing positive charge, since the total potential of a positively charged structure can be represented as the sum of the Coulomb potential and the potential of the atoms of the tube wall. In this context, in addition to the well-studied surface-localized states, states localized in the volume of the cylinder also occur. Using the components of the electric transition dipole moment, the lifetime of the volume states was preliminarily estimated in comparison to the lifetime of the ordinary surface states.

在富勒烯中,体积定位电子态(SAMOs)的电子波函数最大值位于纳米材料的空腔中,这一点已在实验和理论上得到证实。理论上也预测了单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)中 SAMO 的存在。本文利用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的数值量子建模对半导体 SWCNT 中的这些体积态进行了理论研究。研究表明,由于正电结构的总电势可以表示为库仑电势和管壁原子电势之和,因此井出现在管的中心,其深度随着正电荷的增加而增加。在这种情况下,除了已被充分研究的表面局域态之外,圆柱体体积内的局域态也会出现。通过电转换偶极矩的分量,我们初步估算出了体积态的寿命,并与普通表面态的寿命进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Topology of boron substitutional defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes: A first-principles study 单壁碳纳米管中硼替代缺陷的拓扑结构:第一原理研究
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100337
Wutthisak Prachamon , Oruethai Jaiboon , Sittipong Komin , Chesta Ruttanapun , Sukit Limpijumnong

This is a theoretical study of boron-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes. The same topology of primitive nanodomains, located at different positions on single-walled carbon nanotubes, leads to different electronic band structures. We propose a ϕ term. Density functional theory was corrected for van der Waals interactions and used to carry out the periodic boundary condition geometry optimization, where boron formed the topologies of primitive nanodomains. The calculated bulk structure and local structure spectroscopic parameters can be used for comparison with experimental results to confirm the theoretical models.

这是对掺硼单壁碳纳米管的理论研究。位于单壁碳纳米管不同位置的原始纳米域的相同拓扑结构会导致不同的电子带结构。我们提出了一个 ϕ 项。密度泛函理论对范德华相互作用进行了校正,并用于进行周期性边界条件几何优化,硼形成了原始纳米域的拓扑结构。计算得到的整体结构和局部结构光谱参数可用于与实验结果进行比较,以证实理论模型。
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引用次数: 0
Suppression of plasmonic interference in helicity sensitive broadband terahertz detectors 抑制螺旋敏感宽带太赫兹探测器中的等离子干扰
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100331
Ilya Mazurenko , Dmitriy Vovk , Yakov Matyushkin , Alesia Paddubskaya , Maxim Rybin , Elena Obraztsova

The recently observed helicity-sensitive response, occurring in graphene based field-effect transistors (FETs) is interpreted as a result of the intrinsic phase asymmetry of these devices and interference of plasmons in the FET channel. The graphene-based plasmonic interferometers presented in this work enable the room temperature detection of THz radiation as well as allows us to distinguish between the rotation direction of circular polarized waves. To illustrate the broadband nurture of the observed effects, similar measurements were carried out at both THz and mid-infrared frequencies. The precise control of the carriers type and their concentration throughout the channel length allows us to demonstrate the helicity-sensitive response over a wide range of the gate potentials (from negative to positive values). We experimentally show that the formation of p–n junction inside the graphene channel leads to additional scattering of excited plasma waves, resulting in the suppression of their interference and consequent reduction of the helicity-sensitive contribution.

最近在基于石墨烯的场效应晶体管(FET)中观察到的螺旋敏感响应被解释为这些器件固有的相位不对称和场效应晶体管通道中的质子干扰的结果。本研究中介绍的石墨烯基等离子体干涉仪可实现太赫兹辐射的室温检测,并允许我们区分圆极化波的旋转方向。为了说明所观察到的效应的宽带性质,我们在太赫兹和中红外频率下都进行了类似的测量。通过对载流子类型及其在整个通道长度上的浓度进行精确控制,我们可以在很宽的栅极电位范围(从负值到正值)内展示螺旋敏感响应。我们的实验表明,石墨烯通道内 p-n 结的形成会导致激发等离子体波的额外散射,从而抑制了它们之间的干扰,进而降低了螺旋敏感贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Graphene-containing biocarbon from burlap waste: Property comparison with commercial grade graphene nanoplatelets 从麻布废料中提取的含石墨烯的生物碳:与商业级石墨烯纳米片的性质比较
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100336
Haftom Weldekidan , Amar K. Mohanty , Lawrence T. Drzal , Manjusri Misra

In this paper, we report a method for achieving high-yield graphene-containing biocarbon from burlap waste through a simple two-step carbonization process. The first step involves feedstock carbonization at 600 °C, followed by ball milling and then graphitization at 1200 °C using KOH. A comparative analysis between the obtained bio-graphene and commercial graphene revealed superior graphene properties of the burlap-based graphene. Notably, this bio-based graphene exhibited exceptional characteristics such as a very high BET surface area in the range of 1021 m²/g, low defect-to-graphene ratio of 0.12 in the Raman spectra, and an overall yield of 19% wt. These findings highlight the potential of burlap waste as a sustainable precursor for high-quality graphene synthesis and its potential for various applications.

在本文中,我们报告了一种通过简单的两步碳化工艺从麻布废料中获得高产率含石墨烯生物碳的方法。第一步是在 600 °C 下对原料进行碳化,然后进行球磨,最后在 1200 °C 下使用 KOH 进行石墨化。对所获得的生物石墨烯和商用石墨烯进行比较分析后发现,麻布基石墨烯具有更优越的石墨烯特性。值得注意的是,这种生物基石墨烯表现出非常优异的特性,如 BET 表面积非常高,达到 1021 m²/g,拉曼光谱中缺陷与石墨烯的比率低至 0.12,总体产量达到 19%(重量比)。这些发现凸显了麻布废料作为高质量石墨烯合成的可持续前驱体的潜力及其在各种应用领域的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Adsorption of corannulene on graphene 石墨烯对花冠烯的吸附作用
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100334
Panyada Sripaturad , Ngamta Thamwattana , Amir Karton , Kyle Stevens , Duangkamon Baowan

Graphene has been used as a catalyst to reduce the energy barrier for corannulene inversion. For such a catalytic study, corannulene structures are normally assumed to already be in close proximity to graphene, either in the concave-up or concave-down orientation. Here we use both the Lennard-Jones potential (pair-wise dispersion model) and density functional theory calculations to show that corannulene at a distance further away from graphene can adopt various orientations to optimise its interaction with graphene.

石墨烯被用作催化剂,以降低芫荽烯反转的能量障碍。在进行这种催化研究时,通常假定芫菁结构已经与石墨烯非常接近,要么处于凹上取向,要么处于凹下取向。在这里,我们利用伦纳德-琼斯电势(成对弥散模型)和密度泛函理论计算来证明,与石墨烯距离较远的冕宁可以采用不同的取向来优化与石墨烯的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Carbon Trends
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