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Mapping carbon nanotube aspect ratio, concentration and spinning in FCCVD synthesis controlled by sulphur 绘制受硫控制的 FCCVD 合成过程中的碳纳米管长宽比、浓度和纺丝图
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100355
Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau , Raul Fernandez Torres , Luis Arevalo , Nabil Abomailek , Juan J. Vilatela

Floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) enables ultrafast synthesis of CNTs and other 1D nanoparticles and their direct assembly as macroscopic solids. The chalcogen growth promotor in FCCVD produces high aspect ratio CNTs that can aggregate in the gas phase and form an aerogel which can be continuously spun as macroscopic fibres or sheets. We study the role of sulphur in controlling CNT morphology and aggregation by synthesising CNTs under a wide range of S/C ratios (0.001 to 5 wt.%) and determining their diameter and length distributions, number concentration and form of aggregation. Increasing S/C ratio in this range increases mean number of CNT walls from 1 to 8, decreases mean length from 34 to 6 µm, but CNT number concentration remains approximately constant at 8 × 108#/cm3. Assuming growth within the first 3 cm of the reactor, longitudinal growth rate spans 1.5- 6.5 µm/s for the different CNT morphologies, but with similar mass throughput of 700 attogram/catalyst. This indicates the amount of carbon reaching the catalyst and solidifying as CNT remains constant regardless of the sulphur available in the catalyst, suggesting the rate limiting process is not at the catalyst/promoter interface but instead in the transport of carbonaceous active precursors to the catalyst, either due to their diffusion in the gas phase or decomposition kinetics. The CNTs produced range from polymer-like, which readily bundle and form aerogels, to rod-like that do not. We include aerogelation “phase diagrams” for different CNT concentrations, aspect ratios and CNT bending stiffness.

浮动催化剂化学气相沉积(FCCVD)可超快合成 CNT 和其他一维纳米粒子,并将其直接组装成宏观固体。FCCVD 中的铬化生长促进剂可产生高纵横比的 CNT,这些 CNT 可在气相中聚集并形成气凝胶,气凝胶可被连续纺成宏观纤维或薄片。我们研究了硫在控制 CNT 形状和聚集方面的作用,方法是在各种 S/C 比(0.001 至 5 wt.%)下合成 CNT,并确定其直径和长度分布、数量浓度和聚集形式。在此范围内提高 S/C 比率可将 CNT 壁的平均数量从 1 个增加到 8 个,将平均长度从 34 微米减少到 6 微米,但 CNT 数量浓度大致保持在 8 × 108#/cm3 不变。假设碳纳米管在反应器的前 3 厘米内生长,则不同形态的碳纳米管的纵向生长速度为 1.5-6.5 微米/秒,但质量吞吐量相似,均为 700 微克/催化剂。这表明,无论催化剂中硫的含量如何,到达催化剂并固化为碳纳米管的碳量始终保持不变,这说明限制速率的过程并不在催化剂/促进剂界面,而是在碳质活性前体向催化剂的传输过程中,这可能是由于它们在气相中的扩散或分解动力学所致。生成的碳纳米管既有容易捆绑并形成气凝胶的聚合物状,也有不容易捆绑并形成气凝胶的棒状。我们提供了不同 CNT 浓度、长宽比和 CNT 弯曲刚度下的气凝胶 "相图"。
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引用次数: 0
Electrochemical synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution application 氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的电化学合成及其光催化氢进化应用
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100354
Ari Gurel , Frédéric Avignon , Guillaume Wang , Stéphanie Lau , Jean-Yves Piquemal , Christian Perruchot , Delphine Schaming

A very simple electrochemical top-down procedure was employed to obtain pure graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in water and using only graphite as carbonaceous precursor. The graphitic structure of the GQDs has been clearly observed by high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM). Then, the synthesis of N-doped GQDs was allowed by the addition of ammonia in the solution. The nitrogen doping was plainly evidenced by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Raman spectroscopies. The role of the electrolytic solution employed during the synthesis has been also discussed. Finally, these N-doped and non-doped GQDs were further used to prepare hybrids by grafting them onto ZnO semi-conductors, and their photocatalytic properties towards water-splitting were investigated. Interestingly, a very important enhancement of the amount of dihydrogen produced was observed with N-doped GQDs, compared to ZnO alone or to hybrids prepared with non-doped GQDs.

该研究采用了一种非常简单的电化学自上而下的程序,在水中仅使用石墨作为碳质前驱体就获得了纯石墨烯量子点(GQDs)。通过高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)可以清楚地观察到 GQDs 的石墨结构。然后,在溶液中加入氨,合成了掺氮的 GQDs。X 射线光电子学(XPS)和拉曼光谱清楚地证明了氮的掺杂。此外,还讨论了合成过程中使用的电解溶液的作用。最后,通过将这些掺杂了 N 和未掺杂的 GQDs 接枝到 ZnO 半导体上,进一步制备了混合体,并研究了它们的光催化分水性能。有趣的是,与单独的氧化锌或用未掺杂的 GQDs 制备的混合体相比,掺杂 N 的 GQDs 产生的二氢量大大增加。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon nanoparticle-induced cell death 碳纳米粒子诱导的细胞死亡
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100352
Sandugash Myrzagali , Zhuldyz Omarova , Didar Zeitkaziyeva , Aruzhan Madet , Yingqiu Xie

Carbon nanoparticles are well-characterized as nanotubes, nano diamonds, graphene and carbon dots. Their unique properties present promising applications in nanomedicine, including drug delivery systems. However, the cell-damaging effect of carbon-based nanoparticles remains elusive. Studies on carbon-caused cell deaths are contradictory, which makes it challenging to claim their precise nature, mechanisms, and harmful dosage. Moreover, previous findings showed that immune cells are the most susceptible cells to carbon nanoparticle treatment, where cell viability differs depending on cell culture and treatment specificities. Considering the shortage of topic-specific summarized data and rising interest in carbon nanomaterials, the present review article focuses on the cytotoxicity of carbon, in terms of cell viability, and types of cell deaths induced by carbon nanoparticles.

碳纳米粒子的特征非常明显,如纳米管、纳米钻石、石墨烯和碳点。它们的独特性质为纳米医学(包括药物输送系统)带来了广阔的应用前景。然而,碳基纳米粒子的细胞损伤效应仍然难以捉摸。有关碳导致细胞死亡的研究相互矛盾,因此很难确定其确切性质、机制和有害剂量。此外,先前的研究结果表明,免疫细胞是最易受碳纳米粒子处理影响的细胞,细胞存活率因细胞培养和处理特异性而异。考虑到缺乏针对特定主题的总结性数据,以及人们对碳纳米材料的兴趣日益浓厚,本综述文章主要从细胞存活率和碳纳米粒子诱导的细胞死亡类型等方面探讨碳的细胞毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Dimetallic praseodymium-cobalt carbon nanotubes as highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction 二金属镨钴碳纳米管作为氧气还原反应的高效电催化剂
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100350
Huazhong Liang, Yu Dong, Qin Ding, Xiaoyu Li, Miao Yu, Peihe Li, Limei Duan, Yin Wang

In this study, six bimetallic rare earth (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu) cobalt nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (RECo-NCNTs) were synthesized with g-C3N4 derivative method. These RECo-NCNTs were characterized by SEM, BET, XPS, XRD and Raman. In addition, their catalytic performances for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) had also been tested. The introduction of rare earths did not destroy the structure of nanotubes but apparently change their ORR performances. The PrCo-NCNTs showed the significant improvement in catalytic ability for ORR (onset potential of 0.95 V and half-wave potential of 0.79 V), which is very close to that of commercial 20 % Pt/C. Moreover, PrCo-NCNTs exhibits an excellent catalytic stability (no activity decay after 10000st cycles) and an outstanding methanol toxic tolerance. Assembled in metal–air batteries (Zn-air, Al-air and Mg-air), the PrCo-NCNTs electrode also presents high power densities and discharge voltages.

本研究采用 g-C3N4 衍生方法合成了六种双金属稀土(RE = La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu)掺氮钴碳纳米管(RECo-NCNTs)。对这些 RECo-NCNTs 进行了 SEM、BET、XPS、XRD 和拉曼表征。此外,还测试了它们在氧还原反应(ORR)中的催化性能。稀土的引入没有破坏纳米管的结构,但明显改变了它们的 ORR 性能。PrCoNCNTs 的氧还原反应催化能力有了显著提高(起始电位为 0.95 V,半波电位为 0.79 V),非常接近 20% 的商用 Pt/C。此外,PrCo-NCNTs 还表现出卓越的催化稳定性(循环 10000 次后活性无衰减)和出色的甲醇耐毒性。在金属空气电池(锌-空气电池、铝-空气电池和镁-空气电池)中组装 PrCoNCNTs 电极,还可获得高功率密度和高放电电压。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid synthesis of CVD graphene with controllable charge carrier mobility 快速合成具有可控电荷载流子迁移率的 CVD 石墨烯
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100349
Maxim G. Rybin , Evgeniy A. Guberna , Ekaterina A. Obraztsova , Ivan Kondrashov , Irina I. Kurkina , Svetlana A. Smagulova , Elena D. Obraztsova

A high mobility of charge carriers and a low sheet resistance in graphene are the key indicators of its quality and applicability in electronic devices. In turn, the mobility of charge carriers in graphene is determined by graphene film smoothness. The electron scattering on structure defects of graphene film (wrinkles and grain boundaries) strongly affects the charge carrier mobility. In this work a simple and ultrafast approach for synthesis of graphene monolayer with the controllable smoothness and wrinkle density onto a resistively heated copper foil is presented. The method is a cold-wall chemical vapor deposition from methane. The fast synthesis of graphene with a full process cycle of 3 min is demonstrated. The structural defect density of polycrystalline graphene is optimized by appropriate combinations of methane concentration in the chamber and duration of synthesis process. Under the lower concentration of methane with the longer synthesis time the lower defect density in graphene appeared. The increase of process time from 30 s up to 10 min (under the decrease of methane concentration from 4.5 % to 0.36 %, respectively) leads to increase of average distance between wrinkles in graphene film from 6 µm to 35 µm. А charge carrier mobility as high as 2170 cm2V−1s−1 and a sheet resistance as low as 318 Ohm/□ under the lowest wrinkle density are measured for graphene polycrystalline monolayer deposited onto SiO2 substrate.

石墨烯中电荷载流子的高迁移率和低薄层电阻是其质量和在电子设备中适用性的关键指标。反过来,石墨烯中电荷载流子的迁移率又取决于石墨烯薄膜的平滑度。电子在石墨烯薄膜结构缺陷(皱褶和晶界)上的散射会强烈影响电荷载流子的迁移率。在这项工作中,介绍了一种在电阻加热铜箔上合成具有可控平滑度和皱纹密度的石墨烯单层的简单、超快方法。该方法是利用甲烷进行冷壁化学气相沉积。实验证明了石墨烯的快速合成,整个过程周期仅为 3 分钟。通过适当组合腔室中的甲烷浓度和合成过程的持续时间,可以优化多晶石墨烯的结构缺陷密度。甲烷浓度越低,合成时间越长,石墨烯的缺陷密度就越低。工艺时间从 30 秒增加到 10 分钟(甲烷浓度分别从 4.5 % 下降到 0.36 %),石墨烯薄膜的平均皱纹间距从 6 微米增加到 35 微米。沉积在二氧化硅基底上的石墨烯多晶单层的А电荷载流子迁移率高达 2170 cm2V-1s-1,在最低皱纹密度下的片层电阻低至 318 欧姆/□。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and transformation of graphene-like structures from bamboo waste for photoelectrochemical devices 利用竹废料合成和转化类石墨烯结构,用于光电化学器件
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100351
Febi Indah Fajarwati , Rahmat Hidayat , Ganjar Fadillah

This study presents a sustainable and versatile approach to synthesize graphene-like structures from bamboo waste for application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices. Due to its high cellulose content, bamboo, a locally available and renewable resource, is a perfect precursor for producing graphene-like materials. The synthesis process involves bamboo waste pyrolysis, followed by treatments with different solvents: ultrapure water (UPW), NaOH, and green tea extract. Characterization techniques confirmed the successful transformation of bamboo waste into carbon-rich, graphene-like materials with varying surface properties. The electrochemical characterization showed that the graphene-like materials could transfer electrons very well with a high current response compared to charcoal as a precursor. PEC evaluations revealed their potential as photoanodes, exhibiting efficient light absorption and charge carrier separation. This research emphasizes the significance of bamboo waste as a valuable precursor for eco-friendly graphene-like materials, offering a sustainable pathway for developing efficient PEC devices and green energy technologies.

本研究提出了一种可持续的多功能方法,利用竹子废料合成类石墨烯结构,并将其应用于光电化学(PEC)设备中。竹子是一种当地可获得的可再生资源,由于其纤维素含量高,是生产类石墨烯材料的理想前体。合成过程包括竹子废料热解,然后用不同的溶剂处理:超纯水(UPW)、NaOH 和绿茶提取物。表征技术证实,竹子废料成功转化为富碳、具有不同表面性质的类石墨烯材料。电化学特性分析表明,与作为前驱体的木炭相比,类石墨烯材料能很好地转移电子,并具有较高的电流响应。PEC 评估揭示了它们作为光阳极的潜力,表现出高效的光吸收和电荷载流子分离能力。这项研究强调了竹废料作为环保型类石墨烯材料的重要前驱体的意义,为开发高效的 PEC 器件和绿色能源技术提供了一条可持续发展的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and dynamics of PtSi nanoparticles on a carbon nanofilm by in-situ TEM Joule heating 通过原位 TEM 焦耳加热在碳纳米薄膜上合成 PtSi 纳米粒子及其动力学特性
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100348
Simon Hettler , Raul Arenal

In-situ transmission electron microscopy has evolved to be a unique technique to study process dynamics down to the atomic scale. Here, we show that in-situ Joule heating of carbon nanofilms facilitates the investigation of the nucleation, annealing, diffusion and evaporation of PtSi nanoparticles in a controlled way. The nanoparticles form from Pt-based hydrocarbon molecules and silicon oxide present on the amorphous carbon nanofilm. The in-situ transmission electron microscopy approach permits shedding light on the interaction between the nanoparticles and the carbon support, crucial information when aiming for stable catalytic applications. The method is versatile, allows reaching very high temperatures and could be applied to study many different combinations of bimetallic and even multimetallic high-entropy alloy nanoparticles.

原位透射电子显微镜已发展成为研究原子尺度工艺动态的独特技术。在这里,我们展示了对碳纳米薄膜进行原位焦耳加热的方法,这有助于以可控的方式研究铂硅纳米粒子的成核、退火、扩散和蒸发过程。纳米颗粒由铂基碳氢化合物分子和存在于无定形碳纳米薄膜上的氧化硅形成。原位透射电子显微镜方法可以揭示纳米颗粒与碳支撑物之间的相互作用,这对于实现稳定的催化应用至关重要。该方法用途广泛,可以达到很高的温度,并可用于研究双金属甚至多金属高熵合金纳米粒子的多种不同组合。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancement of hydrophobic, resistive barrier and anticorrosion performance of epoxy coating with addition of Clay-Modified Green Silico-Graphitic Carbon 添加粘土改性的绿色硅石墨碳可提高环氧涂料的疏水、电阻屏障和防腐性能
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100347
Anu Verma , Chandra Sekhar Tiwary , Jayanta Bhattacharya

Under this study, a straightforward method for producing clay-modified silico-graphitic carbon (CGSGC) was developed and applied to create CGSGC/epoxy coatings for carbon steel (CS). The CGSGC was synthesized using a mixture of 25 % pond clay, and 75 % remnant agricultural biomass by mass via pyrolysis route. The aim was to evaluate the barrier and anti-corrosion properties of these coatings. The results demonstrated that adding 0.1 wt.% of CGSGC in the epoxy (EP) matrix enhanced its anti-corrosion inhibition capabilities by 99.8 % when compared with standard EP coating. The 0.1 wt.% CGSGC/EP mixed coating also exhibited robust hydrophobicity with WCA of 142.2° and thermal stability up to 250 °C with 2–3 % coating weight reduction. The microhardness of the optimized sample shows a 59.18 % improvement compared to standard EP coating. SEM images revealed improved EP compactness and reduction in microstructural defects (holes and cracks), with the incorporation of 0.1 wt.% CGSGC. 3D profilometry showed a smoother surface for the 0.1 wt.% CGSGC/EP coating. Similar such materials, while being abundantrly and renewably available, can be a safer alternative to conventional hazardous chemicals for protecting carbon steel from corrosion; not to mention the carbon credit benefits they entail.

本研究开发了一种生产粘土改性硅质石墨碳(CGSGC)的简单方法,并将其应用于碳钢(CS)的 CGSGC/ 环氧涂层。CGSGC 是使用 25% 的池塘粘土和 75% 的残余农业生物质通过热解途径合成的。目的是评估这些涂层的阻隔性和防腐蚀性能。结果表明,与标准 EP 涂层相比,在环氧树脂(EP)基体中添加 0.1 wt.% 的 CGSGC 可将其防腐蚀抑制能力提高 99.8%。0.1 wt.% CGSGC/EP 混合涂层还表现出强大的疏水性(WCA 为 142.2°)和高达 250 °C 的热稳定性(涂层重量减少 2-3%)。与标准 EP 涂层相比,优化样品的显微硬度提高了 59.18%。SEM 图像显示,加入 0.1 wt.% 的 CGSGC 后,EP 的致密性提高,微观结构缺陷(孔洞和裂缝)减少。三维轮廓测量显示,0.1 wt.% CGSGC/EP 涂层的表面更加光滑。类似的材料可大量再生利用,是保护碳钢免受腐蚀的传统危险化学品的更安全的替代品,更不用说其带来的碳信用额度收益了。
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引用次数: 0
Rhombohedral stacking-faults in exfoliated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite 剥离高取向热解石墨中的斜方体堆积断层
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100345
Filippo Boi , Cheng-Yang Lee , Shanling Wang , Hansong Wu , Lei Li , Lin Zhang , Jiaxin Song , Yixin Dai , Ayoub Taallah , Omololu Odunmbaku , Anna Corrias , Aleksandra Baron-Wiechec , Shuping Zheng , Salvatore Grasso

The recent observation of possible granular superconductivity in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) has attracted significant research interest. Here we report a novel investigation on the structural-properties of exfoliated-HOPG. We investigated two types of exfoliation methods, involving either a full (method-1) or partial (method-2) contact between adhesive tape and the main HOPG. Structural characterization was obtained by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy (SEM). In particular, Raman point and mapping spectroscopy revealed significant structural-transitions from ABA (Bernal) to ABC (rhombohedral) stacking (stacking-faults), in those samples obtained with the method-2. Interestingly, strained regions exhibiting structural-deformations with a ridge-like morphology were reproducibly identified. The acquired Raman-spectra revealed a local enhancement of the D and D’ bands-intensity together with contributions arising from Electronic Raman Scattering (ERS) across the band-gap of rhombohedral-graphite, at middle (∼1870 cm−1) and high (∼ 2680 cm−1) frequency. HRTEM of the samples produced with the method-2 allowed also for the identification of local-coexistence of ripplocation-like defects with moiré superlattices, an indicator of non-uniform c-axis configuration.

最近在高取向热解石墨(HOPG)中观察到可能存在粒状超导现象,这引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。在此,我们报告了一项关于剥离型 HOPG 结构特性的新研究。我们研究了两种剥离方法,包括胶带与主 HOPG 之间的完全接触(方法-1)或部分接触(方法-2)。通过使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、拉曼光谱和电子显微镜 (SEM) 获得了结构特征。其中,拉曼光谱点和绘图光谱显示,在使用方法-2 获得的样品中,存在从 ABA(贝纳尔)堆叠到 ABC(斜方体)堆叠(堆叠断层)的显著结构转变。有趣的是,呈现出脊状形态结构变形的应变区域被重复识别出来。获得的拉曼光谱显示,D 和 D'波段强度局部增强,同时在中频(∼ 1870 cm-1)和高频(∼ 2680 cm-1),斜方体石墨带隙的电子拉曼散射(ERS)也有贡献。对使用方法-2 制成的样品进行 HRTEM 分析,还能确定局部存在的波纹状缺陷与摩尔超晶格,这是非均匀 c 轴配置的一个指标。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor based on chemically activated (KOH/H3PO4) ground nutshell biochar 评估基于化学活化(KOH/H3PO4)研磨果壳生物炭的锌离子混合超级电容器
Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100341
Manisha Gautam , Tarun Patodia , Pushpendra Kushwaha , Madhu Agrawal , Kanupriya Sachdev Prof. , Himmat Singh Kushwaha

In the realm of advancing energy storage technologies, the efficacy of natural biomass sources in mitigating environmental constraints has gained prominence. This study delves into the evolving landscape of energy storage devices, specifically batteries, super-capacitors, and the nascent domain of zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitors (ZIHSC). The focus centers on biomass-derived highly activated carbon, a burgeoning field of research esteemed for its diversity, environmental compatibility, distinctive structural attributes, and unique surface characteristics. This investigation presents a comparative analysis of activated carbons derived from ground nutshell (GS) in the context of ZIHSC applications. Emphasis is placed on the significance of a straightforward biochar synthesis process and subsequent chemical activation. The activated biochar, denoted as GS-H3PO4 and synthesized using H3PO4, exhibits a discernibly higher Brunauer Emmett Teller (B.E.T.) surface area when juxtaposed with pre-carbonized ground nutshell (GS-Biochar).The ZIHSC cell incorporating GS-H3PO4 manifests noteworthy energy density metrics, registering at 50.28 Wh Kg−1 (100 W Kg−1) and 11 Wh Kg−1 (2 kW Kg−1). Additionally, it demonstrates a specific capacitance of 199 F g−1 (2 mV s−1). These findings underscore the promising potential of H3PO4-derived activated carbon in optimizing cathode performance for Zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitors. This study contributes to the growing understanding of biomass-derived materials, offering insights into the nuanced interplay between synthesis methods and electrochemical properties, crucial for advancing sustainable energy storage solutions.

在不断进步的储能技术领域,天然生物质能源在缓解环境限制方面的功效日益突出。本研究深入探讨了不断发展的储能设备,特别是电池、超级电容器和新兴的锌离子混合超级电容器(ZIHSC)领域。研究重点集中在生物质衍生的高活性碳上,这是一个新兴的研究领域,因其多样性、环境兼容性、独特的结构属性和独特的表面特征而备受推崇。本研究以 ZIHSC 应用为背景,对从碎果壳(GS)中提取的活性炭进行了比较分析。重点在于直接的生物炭合成过程和随后的化学活化的重要性。使用 H3PO4 合成的活化生物炭被命名为 GS-H3PO4,与预先碳化的碎果壳(GS-Biochar)相比,它的布鲁纳-艾美特-特勒(B.E.T.)表面积明显更高。此外,它的比电容为 199 F g-1(2 mV s-1)。这些发现强调了 H3PO4 衍生活性炭在优化锌离子混合超级电容器阴极性能方面的巨大潜力。这项研究加深了人们对生物质衍生材料的了解,深入揭示了合成方法与电化学性能之间微妙的相互作用,这对推进可持续能源存储解决方案至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Carbon Trends
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