Carbon Trends最新文献_第8页

Impact of process parameter on the behaviors of microstructure of pyrocarbon deposited in chemical vapour infiltration process 工艺参数对化学蒸汽渗透过程中沉积的热解炭微观结构行为的影响

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100544

Dipoo Kumar , Anil Painuly , V Vinu Viswanath , P Sunil , Deepak Kumar Agarwal , Gomathi Nageswaran

Chemical Vapour Infiltration (CVI) is one of the most effective and widely used process techniques for the fabrication of carbon fiber-reinforced carbon matrix (CFRC) composites. However, the CVI process is time-intensive, highly sensitive to process parameters, and demands precise control to achieve the desired microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon (PyC) matrix. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted by varying the CVI process parameter using a Taguchi orthogonal array design to systematically investigate the effects of key parameters on PyC deposition. The quality and microstructure of the deposited PyC were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The influence of temperature, pressure, methane gas flow rate, and nitrogen gas flow rate on the texture and graphitic structure of PyC was evaluated. Additionally, the impact of the graphitization process on the microstructure of PyC was evaluated. The results indicate that low temperature, low pressure, high methane flow rate, and low nitrogen flow rate favors the formation of high-texture, ordered crystalline PyC deposition. Each process parameter was found to significantly affect the resulting microstructure and crystalline quality of the CVI-deposited PyC. Based on this study, process guidelines are proposed for the densification of carbon fiber preform to realize C/C composite products for commercial and strategic applications.

化学蒸汽渗透（CVI）是制备碳纤维增强碳基（CFRC）复合材料最有效、应用最广泛的工艺技术之一。然而，CVI工艺耗时长，对工艺参数高度敏感，并且需要精确控制以实现热解碳（PyC）基体的所需微观结构。本研究采用田口正交设计，通过改变CVI工艺参数，系统研究了关键参数对PyC沉积的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、x射线衍射仪（XRD）和拉曼光谱（Raman spectroscopy）对沉积的PyC的质量和微观结构进行了表征。考察了温度、压力、甲烷气体流量和氮气流量对PyC织构和石墨结构的影响。此外，还评价了石墨化工艺对PyC微观结构的影响。结果表明，低温、低压、高甲烷流量和低氮流量有利于形成高织构、有序的PyC结晶。发现每个工艺参数对cvi沉积的PyC的微观结构和结晶质量都有显著影响。在此基础上，提出了碳纤维预制体致密化的工艺指导方针，以实现C/C复合材料产品的商业和战略应用。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of in-situ electrochemical grafting of KH-792 onto carbon fibers on surface properties 原位电化学接枝KH-792对碳纤维表面性能的影响

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100542

Yan-lin Li , Chong-pan Ma , Xiao-lei Sun , Qi-hang Lou , Yuan-jian Tong , Yu Wang

Carbon fibers(CFs) have a carbon content as high as 90 % and exhibit chemical inertness on their surface. They must undergo surface activation treatment before being used as a reinforcing phases in composite materials. In this study, in-situ electrochemical grafting technology was employed to link the molecules of γ-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-792), which had undergone hydrolysis condensation, onto the surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based CFs. The effect of electrochemical grafting of KH-792 on the surface physical and chemical structure and properties of the CFs were investigated through testing methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, single-filament tensile, and dynamic contact angle (DCAT). The results indicated that after electrochemical grafting with a KH-792/NH₄HCO₃ composite electrolyte, the number of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing groups on the fiber surface was significantly increased, resulting in improved surface wettability of carbon fibers. Electrochemical grafting and acid ion etching lead to a slight decrease in the degree of graphitization (R) of carbon fibers, but the mechanical properties remain stable After treatment with KH-792 under 3 mA·cm⁻² current density conditions, KH-792 treatment resulted in a peak of active functional group content on the surface of carbon fibers. Consequently, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) value of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy based composites increased by 56 %.

碳纤维（CFs）的含碳量高达90%，其表面具有化学惰性。它们在用作复合材料中的增强相之前必须经过表面活化处理。本研究采用原位电化学接枝技术将经水解缩聚的γ-氨基乙基氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH-792）分子连接到聚丙烯腈（PAN）基碳纤维表面。通过x射线光电子能谱（XPS）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、单丝拉伸和动态接触角（DCAT）等测试方法，研究了KH-792电化学接枝对碳纤维表面物理化学结构和性能的影响。结果表明：KH-792/NH4HCO3复合电解质电化学接枝后，纤维表面的含氧基团和含氮基团数量显著增加，碳纤维表面润湿性得到改善。电化学接枝和酸离子刻蚀导致碳纤维的石墨化程度(R)略有下降，但力学性能保持稳定。在3 mA·cm−2电流密度条件下，KH-792处理后，碳纤维表面活性官能团含量达到峰值。因此，碳纤维增强环氧基复合材料的界面剪切强度（IFSS）值提高了56%。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon chemical speciation and polymerization in liquid metals 液态金属中碳的化学形态和聚合

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100540

Devyesh Rana , Emma Egli , Lourdes Salamanca-Riba , Steven R. Lustig

Understanding the chemical speciation and thermodynamics of metal-carbon polymerization in liquid metals such as aluminum, copper, and silver is critical to advancing carbon-based materials with unique properties. Metalocarbons, low molecular weight metal-carbon species, are identified using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) by monitoring the long-time evolution of thermodynamically favored species within explicit metal atom solvent. Thermochemical analysis predicts that metalographene structures are thermodynamically more stable than smaller metalocarbon species, suggesting that metalocarbons can be polymerized into larger metalographenes in liquid aluminum, copper, and silver solutions. We identify the influence of charge and electric field on the metal solution reaction mechanism thermodynamics. Redox reactions greatly affect the step addition equilibrium constants. The COnductor-like State MOdel (COSMO) of solvation and AIMD predict aluminum-carbon vibrational spectra from inelastic neutron scattering (INS) within liquid metal and solid metal compositions. An experimental INS spectrum of an aluminum covetic with 3 wt% carbon matches specific aluminographenes. The findings highlight a novel methodology for synthesizing and characterizing carbon-metal hybrid materials, offering significant implications for graphene production, sustainable materials design, and advanced applications in energy storage, electronics, and environmental technologies.

了解液态金属（如铝、铜和银）中金属-碳聚合的化学形态和热力学对于推进具有独特性能的碳基材料至关重要。金属碳是一种低分子量的金属-碳化合物，利用从头算分子动力学（AIMD）方法，通过监测在明确的金属原子溶剂中热力学上有利的物质的长期演化，确定了金属碳化合物。热化学分析预测，金属碳的结构在热力学上比较小的金属碳更稳定，这表明金属碳可以在液态铝、铜和银溶液中聚合成较大的金属碳。确定了电荷和电场对金属溶液反应机理热力学的影响。氧化还原反应对阶跃加成平衡常数影响很大。溶剂化的类导体态模型（COSMO）和AIMD通过非弹性中子散射（INS）预测了液态金属和固体金属成分中的铝碳振动谱。含碳量为3wt %的铝薄膜的实验INS光谱与特定的铝石墨烯相匹配。这一发现强调了一种合成和表征碳-金属杂化材料的新方法，对石墨烯生产、可持续材料设计以及在储能、电子和环境技术方面的先进应用具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping aggregate transformations in dispersions with automated particle image analysis 映射聚合变换在分散与自动粒子图像分析

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100541

Kazufumi Kobashi, Don N. Futaba, Shun Muroga, Takeo Yamada, Toshiya Okazaki, Kenji Hata

Carbon nanotube (CNT) aggregates in dispersions are widely utilized to produce the composites, fibers, and thick films, however, the relationship between the CNT aggregate morphology and the intrinsic CNT properties remains unclear. To elucidate this point, the morphology of thousands of CNT aggregates was characterized by particle image analysis from which we generated a map of aggregate size and shape distributions to describe and interpret the changing structures. Based on size and shape distributions, we classified the aggregate structures from aligned CNT forest into four groups: (1) macroclusters, (2) filaments, (3) mesh, and (4) fine particles. In this way, we demonstrated porous yet robust CNT films with high electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, elucidating correlations between the CNT aggregate structures in dispersions and the film properties. The CNT aggregate structures in different dispersion states were visualized using sizes and shapes for each of CNT aggregates. The structural transformations from as-grown aligned CNTs to mesh-like, isotropic aggregate structures could be accurately tracked. These findings can assist CNT users in identifying the most suitable CNT aggregate structures for their targeted applications.

碳纳米管（CNT）聚集体分散体被广泛用于制备复合材料、纤维和厚膜，然而，碳纳米管聚集体形态与碳纳米管固有性能之间的关系尚不清楚。为了阐明这一点，我们通过颗粒图像分析对数千个碳纳米管聚集体的形态进行了表征，从中我们生成了聚集体大小和形状分布的地图，以描述和解释结构的变化。基于大小和形状分布，我们将排列碳纳米管森林的聚集体结构分为四组：(1)大簇，(2)长丝，(3)网状和(4)细颗粒。通过这种方式，我们展示了具有高导电性和高比表面积的多孔而坚固的碳纳米管薄膜，阐明了分散体中碳纳米管聚集体结构与薄膜性能之间的相关性。利用每个碳纳米管聚集体的大小和形状来可视化不同分散状态下的碳纳米管聚集体结构。从生长的排列CNTs到网状、各向同性聚集体结构的结构转变可以精确地跟踪。这些发现可以帮助碳纳米管用户为他们的目标应用确定最合适的碳纳米管聚合结构。

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引用次数: 0

Chlorination and oxygenation of carbon electrodes for covalent attachment of thiol-terminated molecules 巯基末端分子共价连接的碳电极的氯化和氧化

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100539

Xin Zheng , Igor L. Bolotin , Beria Tanriover , Kumuditha Rathnayake , Erik J. Askins , Jordi Cabana , Neal P. Mankad , Ksenija D. Glusac

This study reports covalent edge plane chlorination of carbon electrodes and their subsequent functionalization with thiol-containing redox-active molecules. Specifically, the reactivity of edge C-H groups on glassy carbon (GC) and carbon powder (CP) electrodes with chlorinating reagents, iodine monochloride and iron(III) chloride, was investigated under varying reaction conditions. The degree of chlorination was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. Chlorination was observed under all tested conditions, with the C-H to C-Cl conversion strongly influenced by electrode pretreatment, reaction time, and type of carbon electrode used. We further investigated the reactivity of surface C-Cl groups in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with (6-mercaptohexyl)ferrocene, (Fc(CH₂)₆SH). The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes were compared with those of control samples prepared using anodized carbon and gold electrodes. XPS, infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry confirmed the successful thiol-ferrocene functionalization of the chlorinated electrodes, though higher surface coverages were achieved on anodized carbon electrodes. These results indicate that thiols react not only with C-Cl groups but also with oxygen-containing groups present on anodized carbon surfaces. We further explored this reactivity in the use of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrathiol as a bridging linker to anchor a molybdenum-based complex onto chlorinated and anodized carbon surface.

本研究报道了碳电极的共价边平面氯化及其随后与含硫醇的氧化还原活性分子的功能化。具体而言，在不同的反应条件下，研究了玻璃碳（GC）和碳粉（CP）电极上边缘C-H基团与氯化试剂一氯化碘和氯化铁（III）的反应性。采用x射线光电子能谱（XPS）、固体核磁共振（NMR）和振动能谱对氯化程度进行评价。在所有测试条件下都观察到氯化作用，其中C-H到C-Cl的转化受电极预处理、反应时间和使用的碳电极类型的强烈影响。我们进一步研究了表面C-Cl基团在亲核芳香取代反应中与（6-巯基己基）二茂铁（Fc(CH2)6SH）的反应活性。并将改性电极的电化学性能与碳阳极氧化和金阳极氧化制备的对照样品进行了比较。XPS，红外光谱和循环伏安法证实了氯化电极的成功硫基二茂铁功能化，尽管阳极氧化碳电极的表面覆盖率更高。这些结果表明，硫醇不仅与C-Cl基团反应，而且与阳极氧化碳表面的含氧基团反应。我们进一步探索了使用苯-1,2,4,5-四硫醇作为桥接剂将钼基配合物锚定在氯化和阳极氧化的碳表面上的反应性。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing trends in catalytic activity of adatoms for hydrogen adsorption on carbon: A case study of graphene and carbon nanotube 碳上氢吸附的吸附原子催化活性的揭示：以石墨烯和碳纳米管为例

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100535

Thomas Leiner, David Holec

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions necessitates advancements in hydrogen storage technologies. This study investigates the hydrogen adsorption characteristics of graphene and an (8,0) carbon nanotube (CNT) decorated with adatoms of various elements. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the universal interatomic potential ’PreFerred Potential’ (PFP) implemented in the Matlantis framework, we explore the hydrogen storage capabilities of these doped carbon structures at 77 K. We analyze the adsorption efficiency based on the position of adatoms (top, bridge, and hollow sites) and find that the group II elements, such as calcium and strontium, exhibit significant hydrogen uptake. Additionally, light elements like lithium and sodium demonstrate enhanced gravimetric hydrogen storage due to their low atomic mass. Our findings provide insights into the potential of doped graphene and CNTs for efficient hydrogen storage applications.

对可持续能源解决方案日益增长的需求要求氢储存技术的进步。本研究研究了石墨烯和不同元素修饰的（8,0）碳纳米管（CNT）的氢吸附特性。利用分子动力学（MD）模拟和Matlantis框架中实现的通用原子间势“优选势”（PFP），我们探索了这些掺杂碳结构在77 K下的储氢能力。我们根据吸附原子的位置（顶部、桥和空心位置）分析了吸附效率，发现II族元素，如钙和锶，表现出显著的氢吸收。此外，像锂和钠这样的轻元素由于其低原子质量而表现出增强的重量储氢能力。我们的研究结果揭示了掺杂石墨烯和碳纳米管在高效储氢应用中的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of Zn-doped carbon dots derived from calendula officinalis and glucose: Antibacterial and photoluminescence properties 金盏花和葡萄糖锌掺杂碳点的合成与表征：抗菌和光致发光性能

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100537

Armin Amirsoleimani , Zohreh Bahrami , Hassan Abdoos , Khatereh Kafshdouzan

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of carbon dots and Zn-doped carbon dots derived from glucose and Calendula officinalis. The synthesis method was hydrothermal, and the samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDS, and mapping analyses. The Zn-doped carbon dots from Calendula officinalis exhibited superior photoluminescence properties, with higher emission intensity and Ion sensitivity studies demonstrated that Zn²⁺ and Ag⁺ ions notably enhanced the photoluminescence intensity by approximately 15–17 %, whereas Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, and Ni²⁺ induced significant quenching effects. Additionally, pH-dependent analysis revealed that the photoluminescence intensity peaked at pH 11, indicating optimal conditions for exciton recombination under mildly alkaline environments. The antibacterial activity was evaluated through colony counting, well diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration tests. Results showed that zinc doping significantly enhanced the antibacterial performance, with the Zn-doped carbon dots from glucose demonstrating the highest antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.3125 mg/mL and 0.625 mg/mL against S. aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The MTT assay revealed no cytotoxic effect on the L929 cell line. These findings highlight the potential of Zn-doped carbon dots in antibacterial and biocompatible applications, as well as in optical sensing and light-emitting devices.

以葡萄糖和金盏花为原料制备碳点和掺杂锌碳点，并对碳点的合成和表征进行了研究。采用水热法合成，并通过XRD、FTIR、TEM、EDS和图谱分析对样品进行了表征。金盏花中掺杂锌的碳点具有优异的光致发光性能，具有较高的发射强度和离子灵敏度。研究表明，Zn +和Ag +明显提高了约15 - 17%的光致发光强度，而Fe +、Co 2 +和Ni 2 +则产生了显著的猝灭效应。此外，pH依赖性分析显示，光致发光强度在pH 11时达到峰值，表明在轻度碱性环境下激子重组的最佳条件。通过菌落计数、孔扩散和最低抑菌浓度试验评估其抑菌活性。结果表明，锌掺杂后的碳点对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌浓度分别为0.3125 mg/mL和0.625 mg/mL，其抑菌活性最高。MTT试验显示对L929细胞系无细胞毒作用。这些发现突出了锌掺杂碳点在抗菌和生物相容性应用以及光学传感和发光器件方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Substrate polishing and CO2 addition promote long growths of vertically aligned carbon nanotube carpets on aluminum foils by one-step CVD 衬底抛光和CO2的加入促进了铝箔上垂直排列的碳纳米管地毯的一步CVD生长

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100538

Antoine Combrisson, Emeline Charon, Mathieu Pinault, Cécile Reynaud, Martine Mayne-L’Hermite

The one-step catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) meets the requirements for large-scale production of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) to enable their numerous applications. Its main advantage at standard temperatures around 800 °C is the absence of growth saturation thanks to the renewal of catalytic particles through the continuous supply of a metal precursor. However, at lower temperature to grow VACNTs on substrates affording only medium range temperatures (eg. aluminum), some saturation occurs, especially as long syntheses duration are required due to the reduced growth rate. We show here how to overcome this limitation and produce tall and dense VACNT carpets at 615 °C on various grades of aluminum flexible foils. Adding CO₂ in the gas phase delays the saturation and avoid the degradation of the carpet for synthesis duration above 2 h. Results are consistently better on higher grade substrates, due to the impact of roughness on VACNT nucleation. The trade-off line between mass density and height often reported in the case of 2-steps CCVD does not affect the one-step process. On polished Al foils, VACNTs almost 1 mm-tall are obtained with densities greater than 100 mg/cm³. Growth rate and quality of VACNTs are at the state-of-the-art for syntheses at such moderate temperature.

一步催化化学气相沉积（CCVD）满足了垂直排列碳纳米管（VACNTs）大规模生产的要求，使其能够得到广泛的应用。在800℃左右的标准温度下，它的主要优点是没有生长饱和，这要归功于通过持续供应金属前驱体来更新催化颗粒。然而，在较低的温度下，在仅提供中等范围温度的衬底上生长vacnt(例如。铝)，会发生一些饱和，特别是由于生长速率降低而需要较长的合成时间。我们在这里展示了如何克服这一限制，并在615°C下用不同等级的铝箔生产高而致密的真空地毯。在气相中加入二氧化碳延迟了饱和，避免了合成时间超过2小时的地毯降解。由于粗糙度对VACNT成核的影响，在更高等级的基质上，结果始终更好。在两步CCVD中经常报道的质量密度和高度之间的权衡线并不影响一步工艺。在抛光铝箔上，获得了几乎1毫米高的vacnt，密度大于100 mg/cm3。在这种温和的温度下，vacnt的生长速度和质量处于最先进的水平。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication and ambient temperature flash O-functionalization of chlorocardium rodiei-based carbon for toxic metal adsorption 罗氏氯心基碳吸附有毒金属的制备及常温闪蒸o功能化

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100536

Hamant E. France, O.L.K. Strong, Andrew J. Vreugdenhil

Activated carbons with their typically diverse array of heteroatom surface functionality are well-known adsorbent materials. Adsorbent functionalization by increasing oxygen heteroatom content is an important modification technique. Wet oxidation with concentrated nitric acid is among the most ubiquitous and productive strategies but current oxidation regimes utilize extended residence times and cause undesirable losses in specific surface area. Here, we fabricated activated carbons from Chlorocardium rodiei waste wood and evaluated the changes in physicochemical properties of this adsorbent when subjected to a little explored, ambient temperature, low-residence time oxidation procedure. We evaluated the types of oxygen speciation generated under various regimes and studied their impact on the removal efficiencies of Pb²⁺, Al³⁺ and Mn²⁺ in model solutions at pH 3. Flash oxidation with 10 M nitric acid for 60 min resulted in only a 12 % loss in specific surface area and increased the total carbon-bound oxygen content by 8 atomic %. This enhanced adsorption of Al³⁺ and Pb²⁺by 22 % and 5 % respectively. Al³⁺ and Pb²⁺removal efficiencies were strongly correlated with the presence of carbonyl and alcohol functional groups while Mn²⁺ was poorly adsorbed and had a negative correlation with acidic groups. The adsorption of each metal was therefore predominantly mediated by different oxygen moieties on the material surface. These results demonstrate that flash oxidation can yield strong increases in oxygen while preserving surface area and is a viable addition to existing oxygen heteroatom functionalization strategies.

活性炭具有不同的杂原子表面功能，是众所周知的吸附剂。通过增加氧杂原子含量实现吸附剂功能化是一种重要的改性技术。用浓硝酸湿氧化是最普遍和最有效的氧化策略之一，但目前的氧化制度利用延长的停留时间，造成比表面积的不良损失。本研究以罗荻绿废木材为原料制备了活性炭，并考察了该吸附剂在环境温度、低停留时间氧化过程中理化性能的变化。我们评估了不同制度下产生的氧形态类型，并研究了它们对pH为3的模型溶液中Pb2+， Al3+和Mn2+去除效率的影响。用10 M硝酸快速氧化60 min，比表面积损失仅为12%，总碳结合氧含量增加了8个原子%。对Al3+和Pb2+的吸附分别提高了22%和5%。Al3+和Pb2+的去除效率与羰基和醇官能团的存在密切相关，而Mn2+的吸附效果较差，与酸性官能团呈负相关。因此，每种金属的吸附主要是由材料表面不同的氧基团介导的。这些结果表明，闪蒸氧化可以在保持表面积的同时产生大量的氧气，是现有氧杂原子功能化策略的可行补充。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of carbon phases in ureilite meteorites using electron microscopy techniques 用电子显微镜技术研究uilite陨石中的碳相

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100534

Alan G. Salek , Andrew G. Tomkins , Nicholas C. Wilson , Colin M. MacRae , Brock M. Nicholas , Dougal G. McCulloch

Ureilites contain up to 7 % carbon, which is much higher than other meteorites, and most contain higher concentrations of diamond than rocks on Earth. Graphite, amorphous carbon and lonsdaleite have also been reported in ureilites, but the petrogenesis of carbon phases, their crystallinity and structural inter-relationships are strongly debated. Here, we employ advanced electron microscopy techniques to investigate the morphology and microstructure of carbon phases in ureilite meteorites. Diamonds are present as single crystals (up to 20 μm in size) containing nano-FeS crystals, and smaller defective diamonds surrounded by FeS/FeNiS crystals, suggesting that a catalytic effect may be assisting their formation. Two main types of graphite were observed: well-ordered euhedral graphite and nanocrystalline graphite. The nanocrystalline graphite coexists with diamond and lonsdaleite in all ureilites containing these phases, whereas coarse euhedral graphite is only present in ureilites lacking diamond and lonsdaleite, suggesting the former is associated with diamond/lonsdaleite formation. The lonsdaleite was frequently found to contain cubic stacking faults and exhibited an orientation dependence in which the [

210]

direction of lonsdaleite aligned with the [001] direction of adjacent nanocrystalline graphite. Therefore, given that the lonsdaleite-bearing regions contain folds and kink bands resembling the euhedral graphite, we suggest that lonsdaleite + nanocrystalline graphite formed by replacement of the well-ordered graphite following a catastrophic impact that disrupted the ureilite parent body.

陨石含有高达7%的碳，这比其他陨石要高得多，而且大多数陨石含有比地球上岩石更高浓度的钻石。石墨、无定形碳和长石也曾被报道过，但碳相的岩石成因、它们的结晶度和结构间的相互关系仍存在激烈的争论。本文采用先进的电子显微镜技术研究了uilite陨石中碳相的形貌和微观结构。金刚石以含有纳米FeS晶体的单晶（尺寸达20 μm）的形式存在，而较小的缺陷金刚石则被FeS/FeNiS晶体包围，这表明催化作用可能有助于它们的形成。观察到两种主要类型的石墨：有序自面体石墨和纳米晶石墨。纳米晶石墨与金刚石和朗斯达莱石共存于含金刚石和朗斯达莱石的所有白云石中，而粗自面体石墨只存在于不含金刚石和朗斯达莱石的白云石中，表明前者与金刚石/朗斯达莱石的形成有关。lonsdaleite经常被发现含有立方层错，并表现出取向依赖，其中lonsdaleite的[210]方向与相邻纳米晶石墨的[001]方向对齐。因此，考虑到含长斯代尔石区域含有类似自面体石墨的褶皱和扭结带，我们认为长斯代尔石+纳米晶石墨是在灾难性撞击破坏了铀矿母体后，由有序的石墨取代而形成的。

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引用次数: 0