Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2021.33.055
O. Orlov
The review presents the analysis of publications dedicated to problems of using of Bryobionta representatives for bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides in the environment. Taxonomic structure of Bryobionta is briefly observed, three divisions of Bryobionta are elucidated – Anthocerotophyta, Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta. It is concluded that the most suitable moss species for biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides are representatives from division Bryophyta, such as Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Hypnum cupressiforme, Scleropodium purum. The mosses have been successfully used in biomonitoring of atmospheric fallout of heavy metals in the environment in Europe for 25 years. A special system of monitoring on their basis is applied in 28 countries of the continent. For the most important moss species used as test-objects of biomonitoring, significant width of their geographic distribution is shown as well as distribution on different substrates of growth (epigeious, epiphytic, epilytic). The main biological peculiarities of mosses which allow to use them for purposes of biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides have been analyzed, i.e. absence of roots, that permits them to derive the main part of nutrients (and pollutants) directly from aerial fallouts – dry (dust) and wet (rain, snow), and high cation exchange capacity of their cell membranes. The most important anatomical and morphological features of three moss groups (endohydritic, ectohydritic, mixohydritic) are briefly reported, and a conclusion about the best suitability of ectohydritic moss species for bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of pollutants is made. Results of numerous biomonitoring studies conducted with using of widely distributed moss species in Europe in nature and anthropogenic biogeocenoses are demonstrated. Criteria to mosses as test-objects of bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring are briefly reported. Physiological adaptations of mosses to stress emerging due to intake of significant concentrations of heavy metals to their phytomass are generalized. Requirements to sampling of moss cover for purposes of bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of pollutants are reported. Perspective moss species as test-objects of environmental pollution by heavy metals and radionuclides are proposed for different natural zones of Ukraine: for Polissya zone – Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi, for Forest-Steppe zone – Hypnum cupressiforme, for Steppe zone – Tortula muralis and Bryum argenteum.
{"title":"BRYOPHYTA AS ТЕST-ОBJECTS OF BRYOGEOCHEMICAL INDICATION OF ATMOSPHERIC FALLOUTS OF HEAVY METALS AND RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF EUROPE. АNALYTICAL REVIEW","authors":"O. Orlov","doi":"10.15407/geotech2021.33.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2021.33.055","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents the analysis of publications dedicated to problems of using of Bryobionta representatives for bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides in the environment. Taxonomic structure of Bryobionta is briefly observed, three divisions of Bryobionta are elucidated – Anthocerotophyta, Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta. It is concluded that the most suitable moss species for biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides are representatives from division Bryophyta, such as Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Hypnum cupressiforme, Scleropodium purum. The mosses have been successfully used in biomonitoring of atmospheric fallout of heavy metals in the environment in Europe for 25 years. A special system of monitoring on their basis is applied in 28 countries of the continent. For the most important moss species used as test-objects of biomonitoring, significant width of their geographic distribution is shown as well as distribution on different substrates of growth (epigeious, epiphytic, epilytic). The main biological peculiarities of mosses which allow to use them for purposes of biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides have been analyzed, i.e. absence of roots, that permits them to derive the main part of nutrients (and pollutants) directly from aerial fallouts – dry (dust) and wet (rain, snow), and high cation exchange capacity of their cell membranes. The most important anatomical and morphological features of three moss groups (endohydritic, ectohydritic, mixohydritic) are briefly reported, and a conclusion about the best suitability of ectohydritic moss species for bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of pollutants is made. Results of numerous biomonitoring studies conducted with using of widely distributed moss species in Europe in nature and anthropogenic biogeocenoses are demonstrated. Criteria to mosses as test-objects of bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring are briefly reported. Physiological adaptations of mosses to stress emerging due to intake of significant concentrations of heavy metals to their phytomass are generalized. Requirements to sampling of moss cover for purposes of bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of pollutants are reported. Perspective moss species as test-objects of environmental pollution by heavy metals and radionuclides are proposed for different natural zones of Ukraine: for Polissya zone – Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi, for Forest-Steppe zone – Hypnum cupressiforme, for Steppe zone – Tortula muralis and Bryum argenteum.","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2021.33.034
K. Vasiutinska, S. Barbashev
The article presents the analysis of the exogenous geological process activation hazards, namely karst, in the conditions of urbanization processes. The scale of geoecological problems is shown to be directly or indirectly determined by the scale of urbanization. The relevance of the research is associated with the study of the nature of changes in the expansion of karst rocks in regions with different levels of urbanization in the period 2001 – 2020. The main aim is to analyze the hazards of karst development in relation with the factors of urbanization processes in the regions of Ukraine based on the indicator method. The particular characteristics of the impact of urbanized territories on the initiation of natural disasters and geological hazards have been determined. The urbogenic load of the regions was assessed using determined and calculated earlier indicators of ecological and ecological-demographic urbanization. The assessment of the dependence between the hazard indicator of the spread of karst rocks and the indicator of ecological urbanization in the regional context has been carried out. It is shown that in the third part of the regions, the growing hazard levels of karst processes practically coincide with the growth of the ecological urbanization index. A nearly doubling of the area of karst terrains was noted during 2001 – 2020 in all administrative regions. The coefficient of expansion of karst territories for the specified period has been calculated. Four groups of regions were identified according to the increase in karst areas in comparison with the hazards of karst processes and the index of ecological-demographic urbanization. Expansion of open karst areas in the Transcarpathian, Odessa, Rivne, Kherson, Chernivtsi regions was noted. For this group of regions, a tendency to increase the areas of surface karst in accordance with an increase in the values of urbanization indicators has been established. This is due to the exploitation of natural territorial resources, changes in the nature of land use, depletion of vegetation cover, anthropogenic loads on the ground, and imbalances in the interaction of surface and underground waters in urbanized areas. Thus, the Ukraine’s regions with different urbogenic load are differentiated depending on the territorial indicator of the danger of karst terrains, as well as the dynamics of changes in the areas of karst rocks.
{"title":"ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ ФАКТОРІВ УРБАНІЗАЦІЇ НА НЕБЕЗПЕКУ АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ КАР-СТОВИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У РЕГІОНАХ УКРАЇНИ","authors":"K. Vasiutinska, S. Barbashev","doi":"10.15407/geotech2021.33.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2021.33.034","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the analysis of the exogenous geological process activation hazards, namely karst, in the conditions of urbanization processes. The scale of geoecological problems is shown to be directly or indirectly determined by the scale of urbanization. The relevance of the research is associated with the study of the nature of changes in the expansion of karst rocks in regions with different levels of urbanization in the period 2001 – 2020. The main aim is to analyze the hazards of karst development in relation with the factors of urbanization processes in the regions of Ukraine based on the indicator method. The particular characteristics of the impact of urbanized territories on the initiation of natural disasters and geological hazards have been determined. The urbogenic load of the regions was assessed using determined and calculated earlier indicators of ecological and ecological-demographic urbanization. The assessment of the dependence between the hazard indicator of the spread of karst rocks and the indicator of ecological urbanization in the regional context has been carried out. It is shown that in the third part of the regions, the growing hazard levels of karst processes practically coincide with the growth of the ecological urbanization index. A nearly doubling of the area of karst terrains was noted during 2001 – 2020 in all administrative regions. The coefficient of expansion of karst territories for the specified period has been calculated. Four groups of regions were identified according to the increase in karst areas in comparison with the hazards of karst processes and the index of ecological-demographic urbanization. Expansion of open karst areas in the Transcarpathian, Odessa, Rivne, Kherson, Chernivtsi regions was noted. For this group of regions, a tendency to increase the areas of surface karst in accordance with an increase in the values of urbanization indicators has been established. This is due to the exploitation of natural territorial resources, changes in the nature of land use, depletion of vegetation cover, anthropogenic loads on the ground, and imbalances in the interaction of surface and underground waters in urbanized areas. Thus, the Ukraine’s regions with different urbogenic load are differentiated depending on the territorial indicator of the danger of karst terrains, as well as the dynamics of changes in the areas of karst rocks.","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2021.33.005
Yu.L. Zabulonov, V. Dolin, I. Shramenko
ccording to the results of the state attestation on the eve of the 25th anniversary of foundation, the State Institution “The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” is one of the leading scientific institutions in Ukraine. The Insti-tute has qualified staff and high level of research which are efficiently used for further development and integration into the European and world scientific community, taking into account the national interests. The main research areas of the Institute are the fundamental problems of the integrated development of the mineral-resource base for the nuclear-power engineering; environmental geochemistry, radiogeochemistry, radioecology; physico-chemical, technical and geological problems of radioactive and toxic waste management; civil protection, complex monitoring, and scientific and technological foundations of radiation, technogenic and environmental safety. The following scientific schools have been established and developped at the Institute: uranium ore, metallogenic, biogeochemistry, environmental geochemistry, space mineralogy, technogenic and environmental safety of potentially dangerous objects, nuclear-physical technologies and systems. The Institute trains young postgraduates and researchers who demonstrate good achievements in their work, successfully defend dissertations, receive awards and scholarships for young scientists from the President and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The results of the scientific research are practice-oriented and used by various enterprises and organizations. The article presents the main achievements of the Institute in 1996–2021.
{"title":"SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE SI “THE INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF NAS OF UKRAINE” IN 1996–2021","authors":"Yu.L. Zabulonov, V. Dolin, I. Shramenko","doi":"10.15407/geotech2021.33.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2021.33.005","url":null,"abstract":"ccording to the results of the state attestation on the eve of the 25th anniversary of foundation, the State Institution “The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” is one of the leading scientific institutions in Ukraine. The Insti-tute has qualified staff and high level of research which are efficiently used for further development and integration into the European and world scientific community, taking into account the national interests. The main research areas of the Institute are the fundamental problems of the integrated development of the mineral-resource base for the nuclear-power engineering; environmental geochemistry, radiogeochemistry, radioecology; physico-chemical, technical and geological problems of radioactive and toxic waste management; civil protection, complex monitoring, and scientific and technological foundations of radiation, technogenic and environmental safety. The following scientific schools have been established and developped at the Institute: uranium ore, metallogenic, biogeochemistry, environmental geochemistry, space mineralogy, technogenic and environmental safety of potentially dangerous objects, nuclear-physical technologies and systems. The Institute trains young postgraduates and researchers who demonstrate good achievements in their work, successfully defend dissertations, receive awards and scholarships for young scientists from the President and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The results of the scientific research are practice-oriented and used by various enterprises and organizations. The article presents the main achievements of the Institute in 1996–2021.","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2021.33.086
Yuliya Bondar, S. Kuzenko
The development of effective adsorbents for the selective removal of radionuclides from contaminated waters is a topical issue, the solution of which is necessary to reduce the amount of hazardous liquid radioactive waste and to improve safety of the waste management. Natural zeolites have been used for a long time for deactivation of contaminated water, however their wider application for selective removal of radionuclides is limited due to reducing of selectivity caused by increasing solution mineralization, as well as the reversible nature of the radionuclides’ adsorption. Synthesis of composite sorbents based on natural zeolites with incorporated sorption-active inorganic phase is considered as a promising approach to fabricate inexpensive adsorbents with high selectivity to certain radionuclides. The paper presents the results on synthesis of a composite sorbent for the selective removal of cesium ions based on clinoptilolite tuff of the Sokyrnytsia deposit (Ukraine) with the incorporated potassium-copper ferrocyanide phase. Samples of natural and composite clinoptilolite tuff were tested for selective removal of cesium ions from single- and multicomponent model solutions with high content of competing sodium and potassium ions. Mineralization of the solution has been shown to have a significant influence on the adsorption parameters of natural clinoptilolite, while composite adsorbent samples demonstrated high adsorption parameters in sorption of cesium ions from model multi-component solutions with high salt content. The presence of the ferrocyanide phase has been proved to result in an increase in the selectivity of the composite adsorbent in comparison with the natural clinoptilolite samples, as well as in strengthening fixation of adsorbed cesium ions.
{"title":"REMOVAL OF CESIUM IONS BY NATURAL CLINOPTILOLITE AND COMPOSITE ADSORBENT FROM HIGH-SALT SOLU-TIONS","authors":"Yuliya Bondar, S. Kuzenko","doi":"10.15407/geotech2021.33.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2021.33.086","url":null,"abstract":"The development of effective adsorbents for the selective removal of radionuclides from contaminated waters is a topical issue, the solution of which is necessary to reduce the amount of hazardous liquid radioactive waste and to improve safety of the waste management. Natural zeolites have been used for a long time for deactivation of contaminated water, however their wider application for selective removal of radionuclides is limited due to reducing of selectivity caused by increasing solution mineralization, as well as the reversible nature of the radionuclides’ adsorption. Synthesis of composite sorbents based on natural zeolites with incorporated sorption-active inorganic phase is considered as a promising approach to fabricate inexpensive adsorbents with high selectivity to certain radionuclides. The paper presents the results on synthesis of a composite sorbent for the selective removal of cesium ions based on clinoptilolite tuff of the Sokyrnytsia deposit (Ukraine) with the incorporated potassium-copper ferrocyanide phase. Samples of natural and composite clinoptilolite tuff were tested for selective removal of cesium ions from single- and multicomponent model solutions with high content of competing sodium and potassium ions. Mineralization of the solution has been shown to have a significant influence on the adsorption parameters of natural clinoptilolite, while composite adsorbent samples demonstrated high adsorption parameters in sorption of cesium ions from model multi-component solutions with high salt content. The presence of the ferrocyanide phase has been proved to result in an increase in the selectivity of the composite adsorbent in comparison with the natural clinoptilolite samples, as well as in strengthening fixation of adsorbed cesium ions.","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2021.33.071
Yu.L. Zabulonov, D. Charny, L. Odukalec, D. Yaroshchuk, A. Puhach, O. Arkhypenko, N. Chernova
Sustainable development of any country is possible only if the stable supply of its population with drinking water in accordance with their needs, quantity and regulatory quality. This issue is extremely relevant for Ukraine as a low-water state, especially with the further negative impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the quality of source water. This is especially true of surface water sources in general and the Dnieper cascade of reservoirs in particular. The regulation of the Dnieper River, global warming and the increase in anthropogenic pressure in the form of a significant (at times) increase in polyphosphates and nitrogen compounds in the effluents entering the Dnieper River provokes catastrophic cyanide growth for four to five months a year. Outdated water treatment technologies are unable to combat this factor and use the only possible technological method for them to combat high organic matter of any genesis – increase the dose of chlorine and coagulants. This usually does not improve the quality of water purification, but leads to the sustainable formation of organochlorine compounds in the process of water purification and transportation. Chloroform is a constant marker of trihalogen methanes and its concentration is determined by water supply laboratories. Accordingly, we investigated the possibilities of oxidation of chloroform by means of complex oxides formed by corona discharge in a water-air medium in the mixing chamber of the ejector. The influence of medium pH on the process of chloroform destruction was studied. It has been experimentally established that even a weakly acidic environment does not allow the efficient oxidation of chloroform and leads to its recombination and even increases its concentration. At the same time, in an alkaline environment, the oxidation process is intense and with lower energy consumption.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR EFFICIENT PURIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER WITH HIGH CHLOROFORM CONTENT BY PLASMA TREATMENT IN AEROSOL","authors":"Yu.L. Zabulonov, D. Charny, L. Odukalec, D. Yaroshchuk, A. Puhach, O. Arkhypenko, N. Chernova","doi":"10.15407/geotech2021.33.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2021.33.071","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable development of any country is possible only if the stable supply of its population with drinking water in accordance with their needs, quantity and regulatory quality. This issue is extremely relevant for Ukraine as a low-water state, especially with the further negative impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the quality of source water. This is especially true of surface water sources in general and the Dnieper cascade of reservoirs in particular. The regulation of the Dnieper River, global warming and the increase in anthropogenic pressure in the form of a significant (at times) increase in polyphosphates and nitrogen compounds in the effluents entering the Dnieper River provokes catastrophic cyanide growth for four to five months a year. Outdated water treatment technologies are unable to combat this factor and use the only possible technological method for them to combat high organic matter of any genesis – increase the dose of chlorine and coagulants. This usually does not improve the quality of water purification, but leads to the sustainable formation of organochlorine compounds in the process of water purification and transportation. Chloroform is a constant marker of trihalogen methanes and its concentration is determined by water supply laboratories. Accordingly, we investigated the possibilities of oxidation of chloroform by means of complex oxides formed by corona discharge in a water-air medium in the mixing chamber of the ejector. The influence of medium pH on the process of chloroform destruction was studied. It has been experimentally established that even a weakly acidic environment does not allow the efficient oxidation of chloroform and leads to its recombination and even increases its concentration. At the same time, in an alkaline environment, the oxidation process is intense and with lower energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2021.33.077
E. Matelyuk, D. Charny, O. Kovalenko, Y. Onanko, S. Marysyk
It is noted that the overwhelming majority of water supply systems operating in Ukraine are made of steel or cast iron, which are subject to corrosion. It has been established that/ one of the ways to reduce the corrosiveness of drinking water is the use of an orthopolyphosphate preparation “SeaQuest Liquid” (TU U 20.5-V 0502222-001:2017). The results of studies of the effect of the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation on organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of drinking water are presented. It was determined that the treatment of tap drinking water with the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation does not affect organoleptic indicators, the average levels of which practically did not undergo significant changes during 5 months of observation and were within the hygienic standards. In water samples, the levels of substances that make up the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation (polyphosphates, orthophosphates) were within the normative values. The quality of water treated with the “SeaQuest Liquid” orthophosphate preparation, according to the main sanitary and chemical indicators, except for iron, meets the requirements of the hygienic standards DSanPiN 2.2.4.171-10. In some water samples, the iron content in water exceeded the hygienic standard (0.2 mg/dm3) and went beyond the maximum permissible level (1.0 mg/dm3). Under the action of “SeaQuest Liquid” in water treated with sodium hypochlorite, a decrease in the Langelier index was observed: from -2,23 to -2,08 and from -1,79 to -1,70, which indicates a decrease in its corrosivity. In water untreated with sodium hypochlorite under the influence of the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation, a slight increase in the Langelier index was observed: from -1,80 to -1,95 and from -1,85 to -2,78, from -2,01 to -2,13, which indicates an increase in its corrosiveness. In the presence of sulphate-reducing and thiobacteria in water, the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation increases the corrosion rate of steel by 2,9-7,2 times; subject to additional disinfection of water with sodium hypochlorite, it reduces this indicator by 1,4-2,7 times.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF HEMOLITOTROPHIC MICROBIOTA ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ANTICORROSIVE TREATMENT OF STEEL PIPELINES WITH ORTHO-POLYPHOSPHATE REAGENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF “SEA QUEST LIQUID”","authors":"E. Matelyuk, D. Charny, O. Kovalenko, Y. Onanko, S. Marysyk","doi":"10.15407/geotech2021.33.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2021.33.077","url":null,"abstract":"It is noted that the overwhelming majority of water supply systems operating in Ukraine are made of steel or cast iron, which are subject to corrosion. It has been established that/ one of the ways to reduce the corrosiveness of drinking water is the use of an orthopolyphosphate preparation “SeaQuest Liquid” (TU U 20.5-V 0502222-001:2017). The results of studies of the effect of the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation on organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of drinking water are presented. It was determined that the treatment of tap drinking water with the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation does not affect organoleptic indicators, the average levels of which practically did not undergo significant changes during 5 months of observation and were within the hygienic standards. In water samples, the levels of substances that make up the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation (polyphosphates, orthophosphates) were within the normative values. The quality of water treated with the “SeaQuest Liquid” orthophosphate preparation, according to the main sanitary and chemical indicators, except for iron, meets the requirements of the hygienic standards DSanPiN 2.2.4.171-10. In some water samples, the iron content in water exceeded the hygienic standard (0.2 mg/dm3) and went beyond the maximum permissible level (1.0 mg/dm3). Under the action of “SeaQuest Liquid” in water treated with sodium hypochlorite, a decrease in the Langelier index was observed: from -2,23 to -2,08 and from -1,79 to -1,70, which indicates a decrease in its corrosivity. In water untreated with sodium hypochlorite under the influence of the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation, a slight increase in the Langelier index was observed: from -1,80 to -1,95 and from -1,85 to -2,78, from -2,01 to -2,13, which indicates an increase in its corrosiveness. In the presence of sulphate-reducing and thiobacteria in water, the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation increases the corrosion rate of steel by 2,9-7,2 times; subject to additional disinfection of water with sodium hypochlorite, it reduces this indicator by 1,4-2,7 times.","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2020.32.005
D. Charnyi, O. Shevchenko, Yu.L. Zabulonov, V. Dolin
Sustainable development of any country is possible only if it provides a stable supply of its population and the industrial complex with drinking water in accordance with their needs. This problem is a real challenge for Ukraine as a low-water state. Besides, the water supply complex in Ukraine is in permanent crisis caused by both social-economic and natural factors, mainly global climate change. For example, for the surface waters of the Dnieper basin, the water composition changes from south to north from calcium bicarbonate to sodium chloride. Ten to 15 years ago, these changes were felt only in the lower reaches of the Dnieper River, now they have reached Kyiv region; at the same time there is a sig-nificant increase in the total mineralization of water. All signs indicate a gradual depletion of reserves and reduction of natural groundwater resources. The combination of these factors forms the current unsatisfactory state of water supply and sewerage systems. Together with permanent underfunding of the water supply and sewerage systems it has gradually led to the fact that virtually all pipelines do not operate in the regu-lar mode, in fact, they are constantly in a preaccidental and accidental state. The most striking example of this state of affairs is the loss of water taken from the water source. It can reach up to 50 percent or even more. The lack of sufficient funding makes the application of the standard for the developed countries approaches unrealistic. Consequently, non-traditional water treatment technologies that are based on other principles are required. They must ensure adequate water quality through the maximum sustainable use of the available resources and the reserves of the existing treatment plants outside the typical water treatment technology. In our opinion, the reproduction of intensified biogeochemical processes of water self-purification, which are constantly taking place in the process of its circulation on the Earth, is promising from this viewpoint. In particular, it is proposed to create on the basis of the latest hydrogen treatment plants a new type of structure that supports the own forces of known and other filters and works with the power of the geochemical barrier.
{"title":"DEPLETION OF DRINKING GROUNDWATER RESOURCES UNDER GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS – AS AN INNOVATIVE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FACTOR","authors":"D. Charnyi, O. Shevchenko, Yu.L. Zabulonov, V. Dolin","doi":"10.15407/geotech2020.32.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2020.32.005","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable development of any country is possible only if it provides a stable supply of its population and the industrial complex with drinking water in accordance with their needs. This problem is a real challenge for Ukraine as a low-water state. Besides, the water supply complex in Ukraine is in permanent crisis caused by both social-economic and natural factors, mainly global climate change. For example, for the surface waters of the Dnieper basin, the water composition changes from south to north from calcium bicarbonate to sodium chloride. Ten to 15 years ago, these changes were felt only in the lower reaches of the Dnieper River, now they have reached Kyiv region; at the same time there is a sig-nificant increase in the total mineralization of water. All signs indicate a gradual depletion of reserves and reduction of natural groundwater resources. The combination of these factors forms the current unsatisfactory state of water supply and sewerage systems. Together with permanent underfunding of the water supply and sewerage systems it has gradually led to the fact that virtually all pipelines do not operate in the regu-lar mode, in fact, they are constantly in a preaccidental and accidental state. The most striking example of this state of affairs is the loss of water taken from the water source. It can reach up to 50 percent or even more. The lack of sufficient funding makes the application of the standard for the developed countries approaches unrealistic. Consequently, non-traditional water treatment technologies that are based on other principles are required. They must ensure adequate water quality through the maximum sustainable use of the available resources and the reserves of the existing treatment plants outside the typical water treatment technology. In our opinion, the reproduction of intensified biogeochemical processes of water self-purification, which are constantly taking place in the process of its circulation on the Earth, is promising from this viewpoint. In particular, it is proposed to create on the basis of the latest hydrogen treatment plants a new type of structure that supports the own forces of known and other filters and works with the power of the geochemical barrier.","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49120002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2020.31.053
Bondar Yu, K. S., S. V.
and concentration of radionuclides is an actual problem. In this respect the development of modern fabrication approaches of efficient adsorbents become especially relevant nowadays. Composite adsorbents with a sorption-active inorganic phase are of particular interest for selective removal of radionuclides. Ion exchange resins are a promising solid support matrix for fabrication of composite adsorbents by formation of inorganic nanoparticles on the surface/inside polymer granules by one stage experiment in situ. This article presents the experimental results on the fabrication of novel composite adsorbent based on macroporous polystyrene resin with sulfonic acid groups by in situ formation of potassium-nickel ferrocyanide phase and its application for selective removal of cesium ions from the model solutions with high concentrations of competitive sodium ions. The obtained results of X–ray diffraction and scanning electron-microscopy studies con- firm the formation of a ferrocyanide phase on the surface of polymer granules in the form of dense uniform layer of nanoscaled aggregates of potas-sium-copper ferrocyanide. Sorption experiments showed that composite polymer granules with the ferrocyanide phase are characterized by high selectivity to cesium ions in the presence of a significant excess of competitive sodium ions. The performed studies allow concluding that the synthe-sized composite adsorbent based on macroporous polymer granules with the ferrocyanide phase is of interest for practical use in sorption purifica- tion of natural waters and technological solutions from cesium radionuclides.
{"title":"NOVEL COMPOSITE ADSORBENT BASED ON ION EXCHANGE RESIN WITH FERROCYANIDE PHASE FOR SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF CESIUM RADIONUCLIDES","authors":"Bondar Yu, K. S., S. V.","doi":"10.15407/geotech2020.31.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2020.31.053","url":null,"abstract":"and concentration of radionuclides is an actual problem. In this respect the development of modern fabrication approaches of efficient adsorbents become especially relevant nowadays. Composite adsorbents with a sorption-active inorganic phase are of particular interest for selective removal of radionuclides. Ion exchange resins are a promising solid support matrix for fabrication of composite adsorbents by formation of inorganic nanoparticles on the surface/inside polymer granules by one stage experiment in situ. This article presents the experimental results on the fabrication of novel composite adsorbent based on macroporous polystyrene resin with sulfonic acid groups by in situ formation of potassium-nickel ferrocyanide phase and its application for selective removal of cesium ions from the model solutions with high concentrations of competitive sodium ions. The obtained results of X–ray diffraction and scanning electron-microscopy studies con- firm the formation of a ferrocyanide phase on the surface of polymer granules in the form of dense uniform layer of nanoscaled aggregates of potas-sium-copper ferrocyanide. Sorption experiments showed that composite polymer granules with the ferrocyanide phase are characterized by high selectivity to cesium ions in the presence of a significant excess of competitive sodium ions. The performed studies allow concluding that the synthe-sized composite adsorbent based on macroporous polymer granules with the ferrocyanide phase is of interest for practical use in sorption purifica- tion of natural waters and technological solutions from cesium radionuclides.","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67114323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2019.30.084
Kiselov Yu., A. O., Stokolos M., Z. K.
{"title":"ENHANCING THE ECOLOGICAL COMPATIBILITY OF THE ESTIMATION OF THE DETONATION RESISTANCE OF AUTOMOBILE’S GASOLINE BY THE OCTANOMETER OK-2M","authors":"Kiselov Yu., A. O., Stokolos M., Z. K.","doi":"10.15407/geotech2019.30.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2019.30.084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42362137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.15407/geotech2019.30.033
Yatsenko V., Z. L., P. V., L. S., Z. V., L. N.
{"title":"NEW DATA ON HIGH-CARBONACEOUS SHUNGIT-LIKE ROCKS OF MLYNKOVSKII AREA (KRIVOI ROG-KREMENCHUG ZONE, UKRAINIAN SHIELD)","authors":"Yatsenko V., Z. L., P. V., L. S., Z. V., L. N.","doi":"10.15407/geotech2019.30.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/geotech2019.30.033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52701,"journal":{"name":"Geokhimiia tekhnogenezu","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49568108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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