Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2021.15.1.8
Wissam Abdullah Alhayani
Cutaneous wound healing processes start at the beginning of the trauma leading to impairment of physical and functional tissue continuity. The present work aimed to clarify the efficacy of stem cells loaded in acacia gum hydrogel and acacia gum hydrogel on skin wound healing in rats. Thirty-six adult male rats (Wister rats). The weight of the rats was estimated between 150-160 grams and the animals were divided into three groups (n=12). In Group A (control group), the surgical skin wound was established and treated with normal saline only. Group B: surgical skin wound was made and covered with Acacia gum hydrogel. Group C: surgical skin wound was made and covered with mesenchymal stem cells loaded in Acacia gum hydrogel. Examination of wound healing on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 for gross and microscopic pathological changes. The gross pathological evaluation showed no significant difference between all groups but the histopathological result showed the Acacia gum improved wound recovery better than the control group, although the wound was not completely closed on day 21 in Acacia gum and control groups contrary to the stem cells treated group, which showed complete wound closure. The best ever histopathological result of wounds healing in mesenchymal stem cells loaded in acacia gum hydrogel treated groups.
{"title":"The Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells loaded in Acacia Gum Hydrogel and Acacia Gum Hydrogel on Skin Wounds Healing in Rats","authors":"Wissam Abdullah Alhayani","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2021.15.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2021.15.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Cutaneous wound healing processes start at the beginning of the trauma leading to impairment of physical and functional tissue continuity. The present work aimed to clarify the efficacy of stem cells loaded in acacia gum hydrogel and acacia gum hydrogel on skin wound healing in rats. Thirty-six adult male rats (Wister rats). The weight of the rats was estimated between 150-160 grams and the animals were divided into three groups (n=12). In Group A (control group), the surgical skin wound was established and treated with normal saline only. Group B: surgical skin wound was made and covered with Acacia gum hydrogel. Group C: surgical skin wound was made and covered with mesenchymal stem cells loaded in Acacia gum hydrogel. Examination of wound healing on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 for gross and microscopic pathological changes. The gross pathological evaluation showed no significant difference between all groups but the histopathological result showed the Acacia gum improved wound recovery better than the control group, although the wound was not completely closed on day 21 in Acacia gum and control groups contrary to the stem cells treated group, which showed complete wound closure. The best ever histopathological result of wounds healing in mesenchymal stem cells loaded in acacia gum hydrogel treated groups.","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49088498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.1
N. M. Abdulrahman, N. Hassan, H. Ameen, H. Sabri, V. M. Ahmad, K. O. Qader, B. Hassan, Hevar Aras Hama-Salih, Hemin Nuraddin Mohammed
This study was conducted in fish diseases lab. / College of veterinary medicine/ university of Sulaimani to evaluate the effect of boiling oak as compared with raw oak on the performance of common carp at 0.05 significant level for all studied parameters. This study was carried out on C. carpio L. for five treatments/ three replicates. The experimental trial consists of five treatments with three duplicates, each containing seven fish: Group 1: Diet without any supplement as a control group, Group 2: adding 10g raw oak/ kg diet, Group 3: adding 20g raw oak/kg diet, Group 4: adding 10g boiled oak/kg diet, Group 5: 20 grams of boiling oak/kg diet. The second group with 10g raw oak/ kg diet and T5 with 20g boiled oak/ kg diet was high significantly in the final weight, weight gain, significant and relative growth rate. T3 with 20g raw oak/ kg diet was higher significantly in FCR, T4 with 10g boiled oak/kg diet was higher significantly in FER. RBC *1012/L was higher in T4 with 10g boiled oak/ kg diet and T5 with 20g boiled oak/ kg diet were higher significantly, in HGB g/L the T2 with 10g raw oak/ kg diet and T3 with 20g raw oak/kg diet were higher significantly. T3 with 20g raw oak/kg diet was significant in each of the indices MCH pg and MCHC g/L. T4 with 10g boiled oak/kg diet was higher significantly in each of HCT %. The control was significantly higher in PLT *109/L. T5 with 20g boiled oak/ kg diet was significantly high in Sugar and HDL. Total Protein was significantly high in control and T2 with a 10g raw oak/ kg diet. Cholesterol was significantly high in T2, T4, and T5 as compared to the control group. GOT and CKI was significant in T3. A Hepatosomatic index was higher significantly in each of T2, T3 and T5. Gill somatic Index was significant in all treatments as compared to T3. Gonadosomatic Index was significant in all treatments as compared to T2 and T4, in the Intestine Weight Index and Intestine Length Index, all treatments were significantly different from the control. In the Intestine Length (Fish Length) Index, T2 was substantially greater. The current study’s findings imply that oak acorn powder is a viable feed additive, indicating a starting point for additional research into its potential use as an antioxidant and immune booster in various fish species.
{"title":"Effect of Raw and Boiled Oak Quercus brantii in Performance, Biochemical and Blood Indices, and Proximate Composition of Cyprinus Carpio L.","authors":"N. M. Abdulrahman, N. Hassan, H. Ameen, H. Sabri, V. M. Ahmad, K. O. Qader, B. Hassan, Hevar Aras Hama-Salih, Hemin Nuraddin Mohammed","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in fish diseases lab. / College of veterinary medicine/ university of Sulaimani to evaluate the effect of boiling oak as compared with raw oak on the performance of common carp at 0.05 significant level for all studied parameters. This study was carried out on C. carpio L. for five treatments/ three replicates. The experimental trial consists of five treatments with three duplicates, each containing seven fish: Group 1: Diet without any supplement as a control group, Group 2: adding 10g raw oak/ kg diet, Group 3: adding 20g raw oak/kg diet, Group 4: adding 10g boiled oak/kg diet, Group 5: 20 grams of boiling oak/kg diet. The second group with 10g raw oak/ kg diet and T5 with 20g boiled oak/ kg diet was high significantly in the final weight, weight gain, significant and relative growth rate. T3 with 20g raw oak/ kg diet was higher significantly in FCR, T4 with 10g boiled oak/kg diet was higher significantly in FER. RBC *1012/L was higher in T4 with 10g boiled oak/ kg diet and T5 with 20g boiled oak/ kg diet were higher significantly, in HGB g/L the T2 with 10g raw oak/ kg diet and T3 with 20g raw oak/kg diet were higher significantly. T3 with 20g raw oak/kg diet was significant in each of the indices MCH pg and MCHC g/L. T4 with 10g boiled oak/kg diet was higher significantly in each of HCT %. The control was significantly higher in PLT *109/L. T5 with 20g boiled oak/ kg diet was significantly high in Sugar and HDL. Total Protein was significantly high in control and T2 with a 10g raw oak/ kg diet. Cholesterol was significantly high in T2, T4, and T5 as compared to the control group. GOT and CKI was significant in T3. A Hepatosomatic index was higher significantly in each of T2, T3 and T5. Gill somatic Index was significant in all treatments as compared to T3. Gonadosomatic Index was significant in all treatments as compared to T2 and T4, in the Intestine Weight Index and Intestine Length Index, all treatments were significantly different from the control. In the Intestine Length (Fish Length) Index, T2 was substantially greater. The current study’s findings imply that oak acorn powder is a viable feed additive, indicating a starting point for additional research into its potential use as an antioxidant and immune booster in various fish species.","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48694815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.3
A. Khudair, Hassanain A. Emran
The current study was designed to investigate the efficacy of lyophilized bovine tunica vaginalis powder on peritendinous adhesion of induced defect in superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in goats. The study was carried out on 18 adult bucks, the surgical procedure was done under highly aseptic conditions. Prior to surgery, animals were sedated by intramuscular injection of 2 % xylazine in a dose 0.5 mg/kg body weight, then the site of the operation is anesthetized by linear infiltration of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride. The surgical incision is made on the skin on the palmer surface of the metacarpal bone of the left forelimb to expose the (SDFT), a (0.1 depth, 0.2 width, and l Long) cm defect is made on the exposed tendon, this gap is filled with drops of sterile normal saline in (9) animals, and mentioned as a control group, while the gap of the rest (9) animals is filled with the lyophilized powder as treated group. Subcutaneous tissue was closed using absorbable suture material by simple continuous suture technique, and a simple interrupted suture mattress using non-absorbable suture material for closing the skin. The macroscopic findings exhibited a significant difference in adhesion scores between the 2nd, and 3rd periods of assessment post-operation in the first and second groups, with no significant differences between groups. The conclusion of this study is the tunica vaginalis scaffold has no obvious effect on decreasing adhesion between a tendon and surrounding tissues.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Bovine Tunica Vaginalis Powder in the Prevention of Tendon Adherence Following Tendon Repair Process in Bucks","authors":"A. Khudair, Hassanain A. Emran","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was designed to investigate the efficacy of lyophilized bovine tunica vaginalis powder on peritendinous adhesion of induced defect in superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in goats. The study was carried out on 18 adult bucks, the surgical procedure was done under highly aseptic conditions. Prior to surgery, animals were sedated by intramuscular injection of 2 % xylazine in a dose 0.5 mg/kg body weight, then the site of the operation is anesthetized by linear infiltration of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride. The surgical incision is made on the skin on the palmer surface of the metacarpal bone of the left forelimb to expose the (SDFT), a (0.1 depth, 0.2 width, and l Long) cm defect is made on the exposed tendon, this gap is filled with drops of sterile normal saline in (9) animals, and mentioned as a control group, while the gap of the rest (9) animals is filled with the lyophilized powder as treated group. Subcutaneous tissue was closed using absorbable suture material by simple continuous suture technique, and a simple interrupted suture mattress using non-absorbable suture material for closing the skin. The macroscopic findings exhibited a significant difference in adhesion scores between the 2nd, and 3rd periods of assessment post-operation in the first and second groups, with no significant differences between groups. The conclusion of this study is the tunica vaginalis scaffold has no obvious effect on decreasing adhesion between a tendon and surrounding tissues.","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48002787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.5
O. Ali, T. Ali, G. M. Raouf, O. Dana
This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of cryptorchidism among dogs and tomcats were undergoing elective neutering. Cryptorchidism is diagnosed through clinical examination, palpation of the scrotum, and the ultrasonic finding of the retained testicles within the inguinal or the abdomen. Eleven cases (11.22%) of cryptorchid were identified from a total of 98 cases (42 dogs and 56 tomcats) that underwent elective castration. It was found that different breeds of dogs and tomcats were affected, including Maltese dog, Anatolian shepherd dog, Terrier dogs, Persian cat, Turkish angora cat, and the Domestic Shorthair cat. The locations of cryptorchid testis were varied from inguinal (3.06%) to intra-abdominal (8.16%) origin with either unilateral (10.2%) or bilateral (1.02%) of retained testis and their ratio was 3:3. The histopathological findings of the cryptorchid testes were showed a decrease and disorganization of the seminiferous tubules with severe hypo-spermatogenesis in both species, dogs, and tomcats. In addition, there was also a typical Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS), which was characterized by larger nuclei and atrophy of many tubules, which were completely replaced by hyaline substances. In conclusion, the occurrence of cryptorchidism in Anatolian Shepherd dogs and the Domestic Shorthair cats were first documented in the literature. Although, no significant differences were found in the incidence of cryptorchidism in both species.
{"title":"Clinical and Histological Aspects of Cryptorchidism in Dogs and Cats","authors":"O. Ali, T. Ali, G. M. Raouf, O. Dana","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of cryptorchidism among dogs and tomcats were undergoing elective neutering. Cryptorchidism is diagnosed through clinical examination, palpation of the scrotum, and the ultrasonic finding of the retained testicles within the inguinal or the abdomen. Eleven cases (11.22%) of cryptorchid were identified from a total of 98 cases (42 dogs and 56 tomcats) that underwent elective castration. It was found that different breeds of dogs and tomcats were affected, including Maltese dog, Anatolian shepherd dog, Terrier dogs, Persian cat, Turkish angora cat, and the Domestic Shorthair cat. The locations of cryptorchid testis were varied from inguinal (3.06%) to intra-abdominal (8.16%) origin with either unilateral (10.2%) or bilateral (1.02%) of retained testis and their ratio was 3:3. The histopathological findings of the cryptorchid testes were showed a decrease and disorganization of the seminiferous tubules with severe hypo-spermatogenesis in both species, dogs, and tomcats. In addition, there was also a typical Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS), which was characterized by larger nuclei and atrophy of many tubules, which were completely replaced by hyaline substances. In conclusion, the occurrence of cryptorchidism in Anatolian Shepherd dogs and the Domestic Shorthair cats were first documented in the literature. Although, no significant differences were found in the incidence of cryptorchidism in both species.","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49197184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2021.15.1.9
E. Al-Hamdany
Glands cancers consider the most types of cancers in males or females or both. Many challenges are present in controlling cancers in dogs, the first one is related to populations of tumour cells define as cancer stem cells, cancer cells are resistant to chemotherapy and have the ability to metastasise and returned after successful treatment. Cancer consists of different cells that contain a subtype of cell with stemness characteristics, like high tumourigenicity, the self-renew ability to differentiate and resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. These cells are termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) and are involved in the initiation of tumours, recurrence and metastasis. Canine mammary cell tumours are malignant neoplasms characterized by metastasis and a high infiltration rate. Canine mammary tumours (CMT) occur in female dogs frequently, six to seven (6-7) years old animals ages are more susceptible to the disease, however, it can be diagnosed at 9–11 years of age, which is known as the cancer age, it has the ability to form tumours spheres which are considered a characteristic of stem cells. it is difficult to clarify the histological finding base on Hematoxyline and Eosin stains policy, so biomarkers are recommended like CD44+and CD24- ,also Immunohistochemistry . These tumours are composed of mesenchymal cells andor myoepithelial cells with proliferative luminal epithelial cells, cartilage, and osseous tissues. Annually around the world, between 200-250 mammary gland tumours out of 100.000 female dogs, 50% were malignant. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice, however, it is ineffective because of the metastasis high rate. It is important to focus on the analysis of CSCs high incidences in dogs (bitches) and CSCs isolation and diagnosis.
{"title":"Identification and Characterization of Canine Mammary Tumors Stem Cells: A Review","authors":"E. Al-Hamdany","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2021.15.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2021.15.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Glands cancers consider the most types of cancers in males or females or both. Many challenges are present in controlling cancers in dogs, the first one is related to populations of tumour cells define as cancer stem cells, cancer cells are resistant to chemotherapy and have the ability to metastasise and returned after successful treatment. Cancer consists of different cells that contain a subtype of cell with stemness characteristics, like high tumourigenicity, the self-renew ability to differentiate and resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. These cells are termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) and are involved in the initiation of tumours, recurrence and metastasis. Canine mammary cell tumours are malignant neoplasms characterized by metastasis and a high infiltration rate. Canine mammary tumours (CMT) occur in female dogs frequently, six to seven (6-7) years old animals ages are more susceptible to the disease, however, it can be diagnosed at 9–11 years of age, which is known as the cancer age, it has the ability to form tumours spheres which are considered a characteristic of stem cells. it is difficult to clarify the histological finding base on Hematoxyline and Eosin stains policy, so biomarkers are recommended like CD44+and CD24- ,also Immunohistochemistry . These tumours are composed of mesenchymal cells andor myoepithelial cells with proliferative luminal epithelial cells, cartilage, and osseous tissues. Annually around the world, between 200-250 mammary gland tumours out of 100.000 female dogs, 50% were malignant. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice, however, it is ineffective because of the metastasis high rate. It is important to focus on the analysis of CSCs high incidences in dogs (bitches) and CSCs isolation and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42621622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.2
A. Saeed, M. T. Abdulwahid
This study, include the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using ethanol extract of (Zingiber officinale) ginger was investigated in order to evaluate its antibacterial effect on fresh chicken meat. Determining the microbiological quality of meat involves performing various plate counts indicators include, including total bacterial count (TBC) and the total coliform counts TCC the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and FTiR (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy) were used to characterize the GnZnO nanoparticles. A total of 180 samples of fresh chicken meat were subjected to (0.5, 1, and 1.5) mg/ml of GnZnONPs and bacteriologically examined was done. significant absorption of UV region at peak370nm verified the presence of ZnO NPs. The FT-IR spectra recorded the existence of biomolecules responsible for the reduction and capping of the green synthesized, Also observed result of a meat sample treated with GnZnONPs showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in (TBC) through 2, 5, and 7 days of storage at 4°C (1.5 mg). While the highest count recorded in control (untreated samples) reached 11.360.04 CFU.g-1 at the end of the experiment, the TCC also decreased significantly (p< 0.05) after 5,7 days of storage at 40 C when the meat samples were treated with GnZnONPs compared to the control sample. The findings show that treating poultry meat with GnZNoNPs extends the shelf-life of the meat, and maintains its quality throughout the storage period
{"title":"Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis by ( Zingiber Officinale) Ginger Extract in Some Microbiological Quality of Fresh Chicken Meat During Referginated Storage","authors":"A. Saeed, M. T. Abdulwahid","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study, include the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using ethanol extract of (Zingiber officinale) ginger was investigated in order to evaluate its antibacterial effect on fresh chicken meat. Determining the microbiological quality of meat involves performing various plate counts indicators include, including total bacterial count (TBC) and the total coliform counts TCC the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and FTiR (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy) were used to characterize the GnZnO nanoparticles. A total of 180 samples of fresh chicken meat were subjected to (0.5, 1, and 1.5) mg/ml of GnZnONPs and bacteriologically examined was done. significant absorption of UV region at peak370nm verified the presence of ZnO NPs. The FT-IR spectra recorded the existence of biomolecules responsible for the reduction and capping of the green synthesized, Also observed result of a meat sample treated with GnZnONPs showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in (TBC) through 2, 5, and 7 days of storage at 4°C (1.5 mg). While the highest count recorded in control (untreated samples) reached 11.360.04 CFU.g-1 at the end of the experiment, the TCC also decreased significantly (p< 0.05) after 5,7 days of storage at 40 C when the meat samples were treated with GnZnONPs compared to the control sample. The findings show that treating poultry meat with GnZNoNPs extends the shelf-life of the meat, and maintains its quality throughout the storage period","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45381913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.6
Mahdi. A. Al-Shuwaili, Z. Khudhir
Samples for both raw milk and locally produced soft cheese totally (150), 75 for each were collected from different regions of Baghdad from October 2020 to July 2021 to estimate nitrite concentration. Ion exchange chromatography was used to detect the nitrite levels in the samples. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) were 0.5 mg/L and 1.7 mg/L respectively. The levels of nitrite in the samples of raw milk were (0.5-1.5 mg/L) with average (0.9 ± 0.4 mg/L), while the concentrations were (0.8-2.3 g/kg) in the soft cheese samples with average (1.4 ± 0.4 g/kg). The nitrite level in the soft cheese was higher than in the raw milk according to the months significantly (P<0.05). The presence of nitrite in milk and cheese indicates a poorness of hygiene practices during milking and post-milking operations, as well as during cheese production.
{"title":"Estimation of the Nitrite Concentration in the Raw Milk and Locally Produced Soft Cheese in Different Area of Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"Mahdi. A. Al-Shuwaili, Z. Khudhir","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Samples for both raw milk and locally produced soft cheese totally (150), 75 for each were collected from different regions of Baghdad from October 2020 to July 2021 to estimate nitrite concentration. Ion exchange chromatography was used to detect the nitrite levels in the samples. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) were 0.5 mg/L and 1.7 mg/L respectively. The levels of nitrite in the samples of raw milk were (0.5-1.5 mg/L) with average (0.9 ± 0.4 mg/L), while the concentrations were (0.8-2.3 g/kg) in the soft cheese samples with average (1.4 ± 0.4 g/kg). The nitrite level in the soft cheese was higher than in the raw milk according to the months significantly (P<0.05). The presence of nitrite in milk and cheese indicates a poorness of hygiene practices during milking and post-milking operations, as well as during cheese production.","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47467604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2021.15.1.7
Mustafa A. Mohsen, B. H. Mousa
This study was conducted in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production / College of the Agriculture / University of Anbar, during the period from 20/7/2021 to 15/10/2021, with the aim of studying the effect of adding lecithin to the diet on the productive performance of laying hens. 60 layer hens of the Lohmann Brown breed, aged 43 weeks were used in this experiment. The layer hens were distributed randomly into five treatments with four replicates per treatment (3 hens/repeat). Birds fed balanced diets contain 5 levels of lecithin as below: T1 (control groups ), T2, T3, T4 and T5 adding 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0% of lecithin respectively to the basic diet. The results showed the superiority of the additional treatments in the productive traits during most of the production periods, As all the additional treatments during the most stages of production. All additive treatments showed superiority significantly during the third productive period, When calculating the general average, treatments T2 and T5 were significantly superior to the control treatment in the percentage of egg production (Hen Day Production%). Also, T5 showed superiority in the average egg weight during the second and third periods, and in the general average.T5 and T4 showed an increase in the egg mass-produced during the second period and three periods and with the general average. The results showed that there were significant differences between the different treatments in the rates of feed consumption during all stages of production. Also, the additive treatmentT5 showed the best feed conversion ratio during the second and third production periods and in the general average.
{"title":"Effect of Adding Lecithin to Diets on Productive Performance of Laying Hens","authors":"Mustafa A. Mohsen, B. H. Mousa","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2021.15.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2021.15.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production / College of the Agriculture / University of Anbar, during the period from 20/7/2021 to 15/10/2021, with the aim of studying the effect of adding lecithin to the diet on the productive performance of laying hens. 60 layer hens of the Lohmann Brown breed, aged 43 weeks were used in this experiment. The layer hens were distributed randomly into five treatments with four replicates per treatment (3 hens/repeat). Birds fed balanced diets contain 5 levels of lecithin as below: T1 (control groups ), T2, T3, T4 and T5 adding 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0% of lecithin respectively to the basic diet. The results showed the superiority of the additional treatments in the productive traits during most of the production periods, As all the additional treatments during the most stages of production. All additive treatments showed superiority significantly during the third productive period, When calculating the general average, treatments T2 and T5 were significantly superior to the control treatment in the percentage of egg production (Hen Day Production%). Also, T5 showed superiority in the average egg weight during the second and third periods, and in the general average.T5 and T4 showed an increase in the egg mass-produced during the second period and three periods and with the general average. The results showed that there were significant differences between the different treatments in the rates of feed consumption during all stages of production. Also, the additive treatmentT5 showed the best feed conversion ratio during the second and third production periods and in the general average.","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43077383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.4
D. Moosa, A. M. Hussien, Hajir M. Hameed, Saad A. Hasan
The aim of this study was to investigate the infection rates as well as the types of Gastrointestinal worms in local sheep admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital at the University of Mosul from the beginning of March 2021 until the end of August 2021, the study also included the effect of Gastrointestinal worms on blood picture in affected animals, 120 faeces and blood samples were collected from native sheep, 12 sheep were clinically normal and negative for gastrointestinal tract parasites and served as control, the results of laboratory examination of faeces samples showed 80 (120) samples were positive for Gastrointestinal worms with a total of infection rate 66.66%, Infection with eggs of Marshallagia spp represented the highest rate of infection amounting to 50 %, followed by infection with eggs of Ostertagia spp at a rate of 17.5 %, while the percentage of infection with eggs of Haemonchus spp. was 15%, Oesophagostomum spp. Nematodirus.spp, Trichostrongylus Spp had the lowest infection rates( 7.5,5.5) % respectively. Blood pictures of infected animals showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Pack Cell Volume (PCV), and Hemoglobin (Hb), with a significant increase (P<0.05) in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), without significant changes in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values, compared with a control group, while ESR values increased significantly in infected animals compared with control, the Result was showed a significant increased in Total leucocyte count with eosinophilia and lymphocytosis. These results showed the wide spread of Gastrointestinal worms infection in sheep in Mosul city, in addition to its effect on the blood picture.
{"title":"Diagnostic and Hematological Study in Sheep Infected With Gastrointestinal Nematode in Mosul City","authors":"D. Moosa, A. M. Hussien, Hajir M. Hameed, Saad A. Hasan","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2022.15.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the infection rates as well as the types of Gastrointestinal worms in local sheep admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital at the University of Mosul from the beginning of March 2021 until the end of August 2021, the study also included the effect of Gastrointestinal worms on blood picture in affected animals, 120 faeces and blood samples were collected from native sheep, 12 sheep were clinically normal and negative for gastrointestinal tract parasites and served as control, the results of laboratory examination of faeces samples showed 80 (120) samples were positive for Gastrointestinal worms with a total of infection rate 66.66%, Infection with eggs of Marshallagia spp represented the highest rate of infection amounting to 50 %, followed by infection with eggs of Ostertagia spp at a rate of 17.5 %, while the percentage of infection with eggs of Haemonchus spp. was 15%, Oesophagostomum spp. Nematodirus.spp, Trichostrongylus Spp had the lowest infection rates( 7.5,5.5) % respectively. Blood pictures of infected animals showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Pack Cell Volume (PCV), and Hemoglobin (Hb), with a significant increase (P<0.05) in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), without significant changes in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values, compared with a control group, while ESR values increased significantly in infected animals compared with control, the Result was showed a significant increased in Total leucocyte count with eosinophilia and lymphocytosis. These results showed the wide spread of Gastrointestinal worms infection in sheep in Mosul city, in addition to its effect on the blood picture.","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48922540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2021.14.2.7
O. Fahad, M. Al-Graibawi
This study aimed to induce lead poisoning experimentally in male goats to determine the toxic dose and investigate it is effects on hematological parameters, and the functions of the liver and kidney. The experiment was performed on 15 male goats, aged between 3 – 5 months with a mean weighing 13±0.65 kg. Goats were divided into five equal groups, the first represented the control group given tap water, while the other groups were given orally (by stomach tube) 70,100,200 and 400 mg/kg B.W. of lead acetate respectively, for 5 days. Blood was collected weekly for 4 weeks to estimate the concentrations of lead, hematological and biochemical analysis. The results indicated a significantly (P≤0.05) increase of lead(0.738±0.07ppm), only in goats which received 400 mg Pb/kg B.W of lead with symptoms included: depression, dullness, anemia, muscle twitching, staggering, and teeth grinding, with a significant reduction in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin 10.391±0.41*106/ml, 25.5±0.55%, and 8.30±0.19g/dl respectively, compared with the control ones. Also, increase in total white blood cell count to 9.098±0.08*103/ml, neutrophils 39.07±0.93%, monocytes 1.88±0.07%, and eosinophils 4.82±0.05%. The same group results showed significant elevations in the activities of liver enzymes; ALT 59.9±0.20u/l, AST 243±1.3u/l, in addition, the serum levels of creatinine and urea were also increased indicating renal frailer 1.96±0.05 mg/dl and 29.78±0.34 mg/dl respectively. In summary, this is the first study that proved the toxic dose of lead poisoning for male goats in Iraq and estimate their hazardous results on the hematological and chemobiological analyses on goats.
{"title":"Determination of the Toxic Dose of Experimental Lead Poisoning for Male Goats in Fallujah City, Iraq","authors":"O. Fahad, M. Al-Graibawi","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2021.14.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2021.14.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to induce lead poisoning experimentally in male goats to determine the toxic dose and investigate it is effects on hematological parameters, and the functions of the liver and kidney. The experiment was performed on 15 male goats, aged between 3 – 5 months with a mean weighing 13±0.65 kg. Goats were divided into five equal groups, the first represented the control group given tap water, while the other groups were given orally (by stomach tube) 70,100,200 and 400 mg/kg B.W. of lead acetate respectively, for 5 days. Blood was collected weekly for 4 weeks to estimate the concentrations of lead, hematological and biochemical analysis. The results indicated a significantly (P≤0.05) increase of lead(0.738±0.07ppm), only in goats which received 400 mg Pb/kg B.W of lead with symptoms included: depression, dullness, anemia, muscle twitching, staggering, and teeth grinding, with a significant reduction in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin 10.391±0.41*106/ml, 25.5±0.55%, and 8.30±0.19g/dl respectively, compared with the control ones. Also, increase in total white blood cell count to 9.098±0.08*103/ml, neutrophils 39.07±0.93%, monocytes 1.88±0.07%, and eosinophils 4.82±0.05%. The same group results showed significant elevations in the activities of liver enzymes; ALT 59.9±0.20u/l, AST 243±1.3u/l, in addition, the serum levels of creatinine and urea were also increased indicating renal frailer 1.96±0.05 mg/dl and 29.78±0.34 mg/dl respectively. In summary, this is the first study that proved the toxic dose of lead poisoning for male goats in Iraq and estimate their hazardous results on the hematological and chemobiological analyses on goats.","PeriodicalId":52734,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lnbr ll`lwm lbyTry@","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41467878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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