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Anna Egorovna Dokuchaeva – the first Russian woman soil scientist Anna Egorovna Dokuchaeva——俄罗斯第一位女性土壤科学家
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-d-51-69
E. Rusakova
In 2021 we celebrate the 175th anniversary of the birth of the founder of Soil Science – Vasiliy Vasilievich Dokuchaev, and his wife and colleague – Anna Egorovna Dokuchaeva (Sinclair). V.V. Dokuchaev personally highly appreciated the outstanding role of Anna Egorovna in the formation of the Russian school of soil scientists, calling her the first Russian woman soil scientist. The article is devoted to the life of A.E. Dokuchaeva and based on the analysis of a few archival materials and literature. He emphasized its importance not only in his own life and scientific work, but also noted its influence on the formation of young soil scientists. By the moment of the meeting with V.V. Dokuchaev, Anna Egorovna was an educated and financially independent woman, had teaching experience and was the head of a private girls’ school, that belonged to her, and led an active social life. A successful, active, but at the same time the fragile young woman, being the head of educational institution, became for her husband not just a loving and beloved wife, but also a loyal companion and assistant, in whom he always found understanding and encouragement, his reliable support. Anna Egorovna helped her husband with translations with scientific articles, participated with him in the preparation and work of the VIII Congress of Russian Naturalists and Doctors, traveled with Vasiliy Vasilievich on expeditions, and processed the materials collected. This is only a small part of what Anna Egorovna did in Soil Science and of what we know today from documents and memoirs, most likely her scientific activity was much wider. In the Dokuchaevs’ house, there was a close connection between the family and Anna Egorovna’s scientific activities, which only people close to the family, friends, and students of Vasiliy Vasilievich knew about, but for most people Anna Egorovna was not a scientist.
2021年,我们将庆祝土壤科学创始人瓦西里·瓦西里耶维奇·多库查耶夫(Vasiliy Vasilievich Dokuchaev)和他的妻子兼同事安娜·叶戈罗夫娜·多库查耶娃(辛克莱)诞辰175周年。多库查耶夫本人高度赞赏安娜·叶戈罗夫娜在俄罗斯土壤科学家学派的形成中发挥的杰出作用,称她为俄罗斯第一位女性土壤科学家。本文在对一些档案资料和文献进行分析的基础上,对A.E.多库查耶娃的生平进行了梳理。他不仅强调了它对他自己的生活和科学工作的重要性,而且还指出了它对年轻土壤科学家形成的影响。在与v·v·多库查耶夫会面的那一刻,安娜·叶戈罗夫娜已经是一位受过教育、经济独立的女性,有教学经验,是一所私立女子学校的校长,这所学校属于她,她过着活跃的社交生活。一个成功的,积极的,但同时又脆弱的年轻女子,作为教育机构的负责人,对她的丈夫来说,不仅是一个充满爱心的妻子,也是一个忠诚的伴侣和助手,他总是在她身上找到理解和鼓励,他可靠的支持。安娜·叶戈罗夫娜帮助丈夫翻译科学论文,和他一起参加第八届俄罗斯博物学家和医生大会的筹备和工作,和瓦西里·瓦西里耶维奇一起旅行,处理收集到的材料。这只是安娜·叶戈罗夫娜在《土壤科学》一书中所做的一小部分,我们今天从文献和回忆录中了解到,她的科学活动很可能要广泛得多。在多库查耶夫家,安娜·叶戈罗夫娜的科学活动与家族有着密切的联系,只有与瓦西里·瓦西里耶维奇的家人、朋友和学生关系密切的人才知道,但对大多数人来说,安娜·叶戈罗夫娜并不是科学家。
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引用次数: 0
Developing the paradigm of environmental management in agriculture (to the 175-th anniversary of V.V. Dokuchaev) 发展农业环境管理范式(致多库恰耶夫诞辰175周年)
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-d-5-26
V. Kiryushin
The main stages of the formation of ecological paradigms of environmental management are considered, the fundamental role of V.V. Dokuchaev ideas and the importance of following V.I. Vernadskiy works in their development are shown. The role of scientists of the Club of Rome in the development of the ideology of sustainable development and its controversial perception by the world scientific community is reflected. The analysis of the existing paradigms, in particular of the co-evolutionary paradigm, and its implementation in the theory and practice of adaptive-landscape farming systems is given. The priority tasks for its improvement are defined. Further prospects for its development are considered in the framework of the proposed constructive-biospheric paradigm of environmental management, which implies the creation of a network of agricultural landscapes (agricultural, water, land reclamation, agro-industrial, rural forestry, livestock, residential) in compliance with the ecological status of the territory. The grouping of ecological functions of the landscape and mechanisms of their transformation into socio-economic functions are considered as tools for landscape-ecological planning and design.
本文考察了环境管理生态范式形成的主要阶段,指出了多库恰耶夫思想的基本作用以及维尔纳德斯基的后续著作对环境管理生态范式发展的重要性。罗马俱乐部的科学家在可持续发展意识形态的发展中所起的作用及其在世界科学界引起的争议。分析了现有的范式,特别是共同进化范式及其在适应性景观农业系统的理论和实践中的应用。确定了改进的优先级任务。在拟议的环境管理的建设性生物圈范例的框架内考虑其发展的进一步前景,这意味着根据领土的生态状况创建农业景观网络(农业,水,土地复垦,农用工业,农村林业,畜牧业,住宅)。景观生态功能的分类及其转化为社会经济功能的机制是景观生态规划和设计的工具。
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引用次数: 1
Digital mapping of erosion degree of soils using the factor - property and factor - process - property models (the south of the Central Russian upland) 利用因子-性质和因子-过程-性质模型的土壤侵蚀程度数字制图(俄罗斯中部高地南部)
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-158-198
M. Smirnova, A. Zhidkin, N. Lozbenev, E. Zazdravnykh, D. Kozlov
Soil degradation resulting from water erosion poses a serious threat to food and environmental security, therefore the research of soil erosion features and soil erosion mapping do not lose their relevance. The paper presents the results of large-scale digital mapping of the erosion degree of the arable soils in the Prokhorovsky district of the Belgorod region (85 thousand hectares), based on two approaches: (1) linking the factors of erosion-accumulative processes and the erosion degree of soil directly (factor -property model), and (2) due to imitation erosion model WaTEM/SEDEM (factor - process - property model). The inclusion of the process component into the digital soil mapping algorithm allows taking into account not only the spatial but also the temporal soil erosion features. It was revealed that the agricultural development of the Prokhorovsky district was primarily carried out on lands that are weakly prone to erosion, with the rate of erosion almost two times lower than on younger arable lands. As a result, the soil erosion maps, based on the factor - process - property model, with and without taking into account the duration of agricultural use, largely correspond to each other. Dominant soil categories (the map pixel corresponds to one soil taxa - noneroded and slightly eroded, medium, highly eroded), mapping by factor -property and factor - process - property models, have a high degree of correspondence to each other (prediction identity for 90% of pixels), while the soil combinations (the map pixel has information on the proportion of soils with different erosion degrees of soil) more significant (identity for less than 60% of pixels). The areas of zonal, erosion-zonal, and weakly eroded soil combinations differ 1.5-2 times, in the direction of a greater degree of soil erosion on the factor - process - property map.
水土流失导致的土壤退化对粮食和环境安全构成严重威胁,因此土壤侵蚀特征研究和土壤侵蚀制图具有重要的现实意义。本文介绍了别尔哥罗德州普罗霍罗夫斯基区(8.5万公顷)耕地土壤侵蚀程度的大尺度数字制图结果,采用两种方法:(1)将侵蚀累积过程因子与土壤侵蚀程度直接联系起来(因子-属性模型),(2)利用模拟侵蚀模型WaTEM/SEDEM(因子-过程-属性模型)。将过程成分纳入数字土壤制图算法,不仅可以考虑空间特征,还可以考虑时间特征。结果表明,普罗霍罗夫斯基地区的农业发展主要是在易受侵蚀的土地上进行的,其侵蚀率几乎比年轻耕地低两倍。因此,基于因子-过程-性质模型的土壤侵蚀图,无论是否考虑农业利用的持续时间,在很大程度上是相互对应的。优势土壤类别(图像元对应一个土壤分类群——非侵蚀、轻微侵蚀、中等侵蚀、高度侵蚀)、因子-性质模型和因子-过程-性质模型之间的对应程度较高(预测同一性为90%),而土壤组合(图像元具有不同侵蚀程度土壤的比例信息)更为显著(同一性小于60%)。在因子-过程-性质图上,地带性、侵蚀-地带性和弱侵蚀土壤组合的面积在土壤侵蚀程度较大的方向上相差1.5 ~ 2倍。
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引用次数: 1
Modern state of irrigated soils at the south of the Volga upland 伏尔加河高地南部灌溉土壤的现代状况
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-68-109
E. Zinchenko, I. Gorokhova, N. Kruglyakova, N. Khitrov
The goal is to assess the impact of 50-year irrigation by sprinkling on soil processes occurring in the light-chestnut soils (Luvic Kastanozem (Loamic, Aric, Protosodic, Bathysalic)) of the southern slopes of the Volga upland at the Volga-Don interfluve (FSUE “Oroshaemoe”, the Volgograd region) with deep ground water. Water for irrigation is supplied from the Varvarovsky reservoir of the Volga-Don Canal system. It is characterized by a total dissolved salts of about 1 g/l, a bicarbonate-chloride-sulfate compositionwith an increased sodium content. Detailed morphological description of soil profiles, granulometric composition, content of soluble salts in soils and sediments of the vadoze zone up to the depth of 3.5 m, dynamics of salts in the layer of 0-50 cm for 2011-2019 are presented. Until the autumn of 2015, the studied soils were deep saline, being no saline in the layer of 0-100 cm. In recent years, a weak salinity degree of soda-chloride sodium chemistry has been observed in the 0-50 cm layer as a result of gradual accumulation of irrigation water salts during irrigation organized according to water consumption of agricultural crops. Irrigated soils have acquired a complex of signs of secondary salinity: (1) the presence of light accumulations of sandy and silt mineral grains in the arable horizon, resulting from the destructive effect of irrigation water drops during sprinkling; (2) toxic alkalinity associated with sodium (residual sodium carbonate), according to water extraction 1 : 5 (soil : water), in the horizons from the depth of 10-20 to 60100 cm; (3) abundant humus-clay cutans on the lateral side faces of prismatic structural units in the undisturbed part of the soil profile from 30 to 100 cm.
目标是评估50年灌溉对发生在伏尔加河-顿河流域(FSUE“Oroshaemoe”,伏尔加格勒地区)的浅栗色土壤(Luvic Kastanozem (Loamic, Aric, Protosodic, Bathysalic))的土壤过程的影响。灌溉用水由伏尔加河-顿河运河系统的瓦尔瓦洛夫斯基水库提供。其特点是总溶解盐约为1g /l,碳酸氢盐-氯化物-硫酸盐组成物,钠含量增加。详细描述了2011-2019年雾霾带3.5 m深度土壤剖面形态、颗粒组成、土壤和沉积物中可溶性盐含量、0-50 cm层盐动态。直到2015年秋季,所研究的土壤为深盐渍化土壤,0-100 cm土层无盐渍化土壤。近年来,在0-50 cm层观测到氯化钠化学的弱盐度,这是根据农作物耗水量组织灌溉过程中灌溉水盐逐渐积累的结果。灌溉土壤具有复杂的次生盐渍化迹象:(1)在可耕层上存在砂质和粉质矿物颗粒的轻度堆积,这是由于喷灌过程中滴灌的破坏作用造成的;(2)有毒碱度伴生钠(残余碳酸钠),按水提取1:5(土:水),在视界深度为10-20 ~ 60100 cm;(3)在30 ~ 100 cm土壤剖面未受扰动部分,棱柱状结构单元侧面有丰富的腐殖质-粘土刻痕。
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引用次数: 5
New reading 新的阅读
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-211-218
B. Aparin
The article provides the summary analysis of the content of the monograph “Soils of the Republic of Belarus” published in 2019 in Minsk. The book is a synthesis of the main achievements of scientific thought in the field of theoretical and applied soil science. It represents the new reading of the accumulated works over the past 40 years in the field of genetic research, soil mapping and land assessment. The monograph “Soils of the Republic of Belarus” will attract a lot of attention of specialists and scientists of various natural science profiles, as well as of practitioners who constantly work in the field.
本文对2019年在明斯克出版的专著《白俄罗斯共和国土壤》的内容进行了总结分析。这本书综合了理论和应用土壤科学领域的主要科学思想成果。它代表了过去40年来在遗传研究、土壤制图和土地评估领域积累的工作的新阅读。《白俄罗斯共和国土壤》专著将吸引各种自然科学领域的专家和科学家以及经常在该领域工作的实践者的大量关注。
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引用次数: 0
Producing the digital soil fertility map of Karelia 制作卡累利阿的数字土壤肥力图
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-34-50
S. G. Novikov
Recent advancements in soil digital mapping have opened new opportunities for handling the scientific and applied problems of ecological soil monitoring, inventory of land and soil resources, and are generally helpful in optimizing the management of natural resources. For Karelia the development of forest soil assessment techniques is essential, considering that 95% of the republic’s land is forest soils. This paper tells about the process of creating an updated digital map of forest soils fertility in Karelia, scale 1 : 500 000. To this end, the archival soil productivity map of the republic, produced in paper version by R.M. Morozova in 2000, was scanned and converted into a vector layer with the use of the MapInfo Professional 8.5 software package. The resultant layer was aligned with the existing digitalized soil map of Karelia, which served as the basis for constructing the thematic layer according to the data on the fertility of each soil type. As a result of this study, the soil fertility assessment scale was specified and the percentage ratio of soils of different productivity in Karelia was calculated. The digital soil fertility map is an important information source of archival and modern data, and also is a part of the GIS for soils of Karelia.
土壤数字制图的最新进展为处理生态土壤监测、土地和土壤资源清查等科学和应用问题开辟了新的机遇,并普遍有助于优化自然资源管理。对于卡累利阿来说,森林土壤评估技术的发展至关重要,因为共和国95%的土地是森林土壤。本文讲述了创建卡累利阿森林土壤肥力更新数字地图的过程,比例尺为1:50 000。为此,在2000年由R.M. Morozova制作的纸质版本的共和国档案土壤生产力地图被扫描并使用MapInfo Professional 8.5软件包转换为矢量层。结果层与卡累利阿现有的数字化土壤图对齐,作为根据各土壤类型肥力数据构建专题层的基础。在此基础上,确定了土壤肥力评价尺度,计算了卡累利阿不同生产力土壤的百分比比例。数字土壤肥力图是档案和现代数据的重要信息源,也是卡累利阿土壤地理信息系统的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Elemental composition of soils of the Pur-Taz interfluve Pur-Taz断裂带土壤元素组成
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-51-84
D. Moskovchenko, Elizaveta A. Romanenko
In order to evaluate the chemical composition of natural background environments of Pur-Taz interfluve (Western Siberia), the mineral components of soils, peats, lichens, and sphagnum mosses have been analyzed. The samples were tested using X-ray fluorescence technology. The average contents of hazardous metals in the soils of the Pur-Taz interfluve are either lower (for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Sr) or equal to (for Hg, Co) the average values of these elements in the Earth's crust. This finding corresponds to the commonly held view that the contents of elements in the soils located in the north of Western Siberia are lower than the world averages. Additionally, in our samples low concentrations of copper and zinc have been observed. Since these microelements are important for soil physiology, this finding indicates unfavorable biochemical conditions in the research area. On the other hand, high concentrations are observed for inactive elements such as Mo, Sn and Zr. The significant differences have been identified in the composition of mineral and organic soil horizons. For instance, the average concentrations of P, Zn and S in organic horizons are 7.1, 8.1 and 18 times greater than in the illuvial mineral horizons, respectively. The intense accumulation of Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg has been recorded, all of them are chalcophiles in the ombrotrophic peat. This means that the chemical composition of soil is largely determined by biological accumulation of chalcophile elements. The content of lithophilic Al, Si, Ti and Zr, coming with dust precipitation from the atmosphere increases in the peat of dwarf shrub-moss-lichen tundras and larch woodlands. The revealed values of the elemental composition of soils can be recommended as background in the course of the environmental monitoring.
为了评价西伯利亚西部普塔兹断裂带自然背景环境的化学成分,对土壤、泥炭、地衣和泥炭苔藓的矿物成分进行了分析。使用x射线荧光技术对样品进行检测。Pur-Taz区间土壤中有害金属的平均含量要么低于(Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Sr),要么等于(Hg、Co)这些元素在地壳中的平均值。这一发现与普遍持有的观点相一致,即西伯利亚西部北部土壤中的元素含量低于世界平均水平。此外,在我们的样品中观察到低浓度的铜和锌。由于这些微量元素对土壤生理具有重要意义,这一发现表明研究区域的生化条件不利。另一方面,Mo、Sn和Zr等非活性元素的浓度较高。在矿质层和有机层的组成上存在显著差异。有机层中P、Zn和S的平均浓度分别是洪积矿物层的7.1倍、8.1倍和18倍。Zn、Cu、Cd、Hg在近营养化泥炭中富集富集,均为亲铜元素。这意味着土壤的化学成分在很大程度上是由亲铜元素的生物积累决定的。矮灌木-苔藓-地衣苔原和落叶松林地泥炭中亲石性Al、Si、Ti和Zr的含量随大气降尘而增加。土壤元素组成的揭示值可作为环境监测过程中的背景推荐值。
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引用次数: 4
Development of the basic soil classification of Vladimir Fridland in the classification of soils of Russia 2004/2008 2004/2008年俄罗斯土壤分类中Vladimir Fridland基本土壤分类的发展
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-11 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-102-5-20
M. Gerasimova, N. Khitrov, I. Lebedeva
The basic three-component classification system of soils of the world was published by V.M. Fridland in 1982, and its profile-genetic component was taken as a basis for the classification of soils of Russia (1997– 2004–2008). Unlike the former systems, in that of Fridland the priority is given to soil properties, and this conceptual background is transferred into the new Russian system. The substantive-genetic principles of both systems are implemented in diagnostic horizons and genetic properties; both systems have similar hierarchy of taxa, nomenclature, keys. Changes introduced in the classification of soils of Russia derive either of proposals forwarded in the course of its application, or of information accumulated. They concern the improvement of definitions and introduction of new diagnostic elements; however, the main principles are preserved in the existing and forthcoming versions.  
V.M.Fridland于1982年公布了世界土壤的基本三组分分类系统,其剖面遗传成分被作为俄罗斯土壤分类的基础(1997-2004-2008)。与以前的系统不同,在弗里德兰的系统中,优先考虑土壤特性,这一概念背景被转移到新的俄罗斯系统中。这两个系统的实质性遗传学原理在诊断视野和遗传学特性方面得到了实施;这两个系统在分类群、命名法和关键字方面具有相似的层次结构。俄罗斯土壤分类中引入的变化要么源于在应用过程中提出的建议,要么源于积累的信息。它们涉及改进定义和引入新的诊断要素;然而,主要原则保留在现有版本和即将发布的版本中。
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引用次数: 4
Mineralogical comparative analysis of the clay fraction of solonetz and chestnut soil without apparent microrelief in the north-western part of the Caspian lowland 里海低地西北部无明显微起伏的solonetz和栗子土粘土组分的矿物学对比分析
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-03-27 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-101-159-181
N. Churilin, M. Lebedeva, E. Varlamov
: A comparative analysis of the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction (< 1 μm) of chestnut soil and solonetz has been performed in the article. Soils were studied in the oldest part of the Caspian lowland in north-west where the microrelief is not quite apparent (microdepressions no more than 5–10 cm depth), but with a contrast soil cover. The content of silt fraction in chestnut soil varies from 25.6 to 33.9%, in the solonetz – from 11.7 to 51.6%. perfection of the kaolinite structure both in the solonetz and in the meadow-chestnut soil increases towards the bottom of the profiles. The obtained data allow suggesting that in the meadow-chestnut soil the clay phase retained traces of the solonetzic stage of soil formation.
对比分析了板栗土和索罗内兹土的黏土组分(< 1 μm)的矿物学组成。在西北里海低地最古老的地区研究了土壤,那里的微起伏不太明显(微洼地深度不超过5-10厘米),但土壤覆盖面积相对较大。板栗土中粉粒含量为25.6% ~ 33.9%,土中粉粒含量为11.7% ~ 51.6%。土中高岭石结构的完善程度在剖面的底部逐渐增加。所获得的数据表明,在草甸-栗子土中,粘土阶段保留了土壤形成的溶蚀阶段的痕迹。
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引用次数: 0
Arctic and tundra soils on the new digital soil map of Russia, 1 : 2.5 M scale 俄罗斯新数字土壤地图上的北极和苔原土壤,比例尺1:2.5米
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-03-27 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-101-46-75
T. Ananko, M. Gerasimova, D. Konyushkov
V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute has initiated a project on compilation of a new Digital Soil Map of Russia on the basis of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation (SMRF) 1 : 2.5 M scale (1988) revised and interpreted in ideology and nomenclature of the new substantive-genetic Classification System of Russian Soils (CSRS). The first stage implies the conversion of soil mapping units on the original map into the CSRS with a corresponding renaming of soils in the attribute database to the digitized version of the map for each soil polygon. During the second stage, a new digital model of the soil cover is developed with the use of digital soil mapping technologies, basic soil map, and new materials, including satellite images and digital elevation models. The legend section “Tundra Soils” contains 16 soil units forming their own areas or found in various combinations (soil complexes). As a result of the reclassification and careful analysis of each soil polygon, the soils of Arctic and Subarctic tundra have obtained a more detailed and differential representation on the new map, and Бюллетень Почвенного института им. В.В. Докучаева. 2020. Вып. 101. Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2020, 101 48 their diagnostics based on the morphology of the profiles and major soil properties have been specified. The most significant changes in the initial content of the map concern the soils referred to as gley soils on the SMRF. A separate group of cryozemic soils has been specified. Weakly developed soils (petrozems, psammozems, and pelozems) and lithozems have been introduced on the map for the first time. Differential decisions are suggested for the soils of “spotty tundra” with sorted and nonsorted circles and for the soils of cryogenic fissures and cracks. The results of the study have made it possible to refine the diagnostics and nomenclature of soils in the CSRS.
V.V.Dokuchaev土壤科学研究所发起了一个项目,在俄罗斯联邦土壤图1:2.5 M比例尺(1988年)的基础上,编制一份新的俄罗斯数字土壤图,该地图在意识形态和命名上对俄罗斯土壤实质性遗传分类系统(CSRS)进行了修订和解释。第一阶段意味着将原始地图上的土壤制图单位转换为CSRS,并将属性数据库中的土壤相应重命名为每个土壤多边形的地图数字化版本。在第二阶段,利用数字土壤测绘技术、基础土壤图和新材料,包括卫星图像和数字高程模型,开发了一个新的土壤覆盖数字模型。图例部分“苔原土壤”包含16个土壤单元,形成自己的区域或在各种组合(土壤复合体)中发现。由于对每个土壤多边形进行了重新分类和仔细分析,北极和亚北极苔原的土壤在新地图上获得了更详细、更具差异性的表示,Блле。В。2020年Вып。101.Dokuchaev土壤公报,2020,101 48已经规定了基于剖面形态和主要土壤特性的诊断。地图初始内容的最显著变化涉及SMRF上被称为潜育土的土壤。已经指定了一组单独的冻土。弱发育土壤(岩土、砂土和pelozems)和岩土首次出现在地图上。建议对具有分类和非分类圆圈的“斑点苔原”土壤和具有低温裂缝和裂缝的土壤进行差异决策。这项研究的结果使改进CSRS中土壤的诊断和命名成为可能。
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引用次数: 6
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