Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-3-14
Qabil M. Huseynov
Some issues of assessing the century-long and current state of the amount of atmospheric precipitation in the territory of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan are considered. Brief general information about this area is given. To assess the century-long tendency in the amount of atmospheric precipitation in the Nakhichevan hydrometeorological station, used the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for the period 1891–2015. A graph of the dynamics of the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation, as well as the straight-line and curved-line trends in the series of this element, which characterise the features of the considered dynamics for 1891–2015, is presented. An assessment of possible changes in the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for different climatic periods (1891–1910, 1911–1940, 1941–1971, 1972–2015) in the Nakhichevan hydrometeorological station is also presented. Taking into account the variability of annual precipitation in a large range, the frequency of occurrence of various gradations of this indicator for 1891–2015 was calculated. Due to the fact that the territory of the region under consideration has a complex relief, the values of the vertical gradients of atmospheric precipitation by months were calculated. Using the equations of relationship, the calculations of the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for different heights are carried out and a comparison with the corresponding values is carried out. The results of calculations and assessment of the corresponding changes are presented.
{"title":"Assessment of the century-long and current trends in the change in the amount of precipitation in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan","authors":"Qabil M. Huseynov","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-3-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-3-14","url":null,"abstract":"Some issues of assessing the century-long and current state of the amount of atmospheric precipitation in the territory of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan are considered. Brief general information about this area is given. To assess the century-long tendency in the amount of atmospheric precipitation in the Nakhichevan hydrometeorological station, used the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for the period 1891–2015. A graph of the dynamics of the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation, as well as the straight-line and curved-line trends in the series of this element, which characterise the features of the considered dynamics for 1891–2015, is presented. An assessment of possible changes in the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for different climatic periods (1891–1910, 1911–1940, 1941–1971, 1972–2015) in the Nakhichevan hydrometeorological station is also presented. Taking into account the variability of annual precipitation in a large range, the frequency of occurrence of various gradations of this indicator for 1891–2015 was calculated. Due to the fact that the territory of the region under consideration has a complex relief, the values of the vertical gradients of atmospheric precipitation by months were calculated. Using the equations of relationship, the calculations of the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for different heights are carried out and a comparison with the corresponding values is carried out. The results of calculations and assessment of the corresponding changes are presented.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42338667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-101-115
Michail E. Komarovskiy, E.V. Khilkevich
Within the bed of the Poozerie (Weichselian) ice sheet, which occupied the northern part of Belarus at the maximum stage and at the beginning of degradation, three concentric thermal zones were identified according to geological and geomorphological criteria: the outer zone of basal frozen ice, the zone of discontinuous frozen bed, the inner zone of the thawed bed. Comparison of glacial valleys with thermal zoning shows that their distribution and formation closely related to thermal conditions. During the Poozerie (Weichselian) ice sheet advance into the northern region of Belarus, thermal zoning affected geological denudation processes. This led to local erosion and valleys in the outer zone of basal frozen ice, large-scale manifestation of glacial excavation and squeesing out and the formation of lobate glacial depressions, large radial valleys and subglacial lakes in the inner zone of the thawed bed and along its outer border with the zone of discontinuous frozen bed. The formation of large tunnel valleys became possible at the stage of degradation of the ice sheet (Vitebsk phase), after the melted glacial waters of subglacial dammed lakes found an outlet into the marginal zone through an intermittent frozen bed and were released as a result of catastrophic floods through separate channels, which were deepened, widened and formed tunnel valleys.
{"title":"Influence of the thermal сonditions within the bed of the last ice sheet on the distribution of glacial valleys of the Belarusian Poozerie area","authors":"Michail E. Komarovskiy, E.V. Khilkevich","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-101-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-101-115","url":null,"abstract":"Within the bed of the Poozerie (Weichselian) ice sheet, which occupied the northern part of Belarus at the maximum stage and at the beginning of degradation, three concentric thermal zones were identified according to geological and geomorphological criteria: the outer zone of basal frozen ice, the zone of discontinuous frozen bed, the inner zone of the thawed bed. Comparison of glacial valleys with thermal zoning shows that their distribution and formation closely related to thermal conditions. During the Poozerie (Weichselian) ice sheet advance into the northern region of Belarus, thermal zoning affected geological denudation processes. This led to local erosion and valleys in the outer zone of basal frozen ice, large-scale manifestation of glacial excavation and squeesing out and the formation of lobate glacial depressions, large radial valleys and subglacial lakes in the inner zone of the thawed bed and along its outer border with the zone of discontinuous frozen bed. The formation of large tunnel valleys became possible at the stage of degradation of the ice sheet (Vitebsk phase), after the melted glacial waters of subglacial dammed lakes found an outlet into the marginal zone through an intermittent frozen bed and were released as a result of catastrophic floods through separate channels, which were deepened, widened and formed tunnel valleys.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46459574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-28-41
Iryna I. Shchasnaya, Dzmitry S. Varabyou
The article presents the results of systematisation and mapping of the natural landscapes of Belarus, which domestic researchers have been engaged since the 1960s. During this time, considerable cartographic and literary material concerning the peculiarities of distribution, a set of classification units and zoning units, approaches to their allocation and mapping has been accumulated. However, the appearance at the beginning of the 21st century of new research methods along with the possibility of using modern technologies determined the need to refine and detail many cartographic landscape developments. At the same period (2006–2015), a series of 1 : 500 000 scale wall-mounted physical and geographical maps was created in Belarus and updated information was obtained about the features of the territorial distribution of a number of components of nature. The appearance of such information, along with the available data of remote sensing of the Earth and the possibility of application of geoinformation technologies, also allowed the development of new, detailed versions of maps of natural landscapes, both for institutions of higher and general secondary education using 6 classification units. One of them – map for institutions of higher education on a scale of 1: 500 000 – served as the basis for the analysis and identification of patterns of spatial distribution of natural territorial complexes in the rank of subtypes, groups of genera, genera and species of landscapes. An increase in the number of main classification units was found – genera (from 20 to 22) and species (from 105 to 107) – within the 2 subtypes, as well as a significant change in their area, boundaries and features of spatial distribution. The obtained results served as a basis for clarifying the distribution of regional complexes, which led to the compilation of a new version of the landscape zoning scheme. It was revealed that the number of provinces remained the same, their borders were clarified (the areas changed within 1–5 %) and names. The number of landscape districts has decreased from 56 to 53, their borders, areas and names have changed significantly.
{"title":"The structure of natural landscapes and its role in the development of the landscape zoning scheme of Belarus","authors":"Iryna I. Shchasnaya, Dzmitry S. Varabyou","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-28-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-28-41","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of systematisation and mapping of the natural landscapes of Belarus, which domestic researchers have been engaged since the 1960s. During this time, considerable cartographic and literary material concerning the peculiarities of distribution, a set of classification units and zoning units, approaches to their allocation and mapping has been accumulated. However, the appearance at the beginning of the 21st century of new research methods along with the possibility of using modern technologies determined the need to refine and detail many cartographic landscape developments. At the same period (2006–2015), a series of 1 : 500 000 scale wall-mounted physical and geographical maps was created in Belarus and updated information was obtained about the features of the territorial distribution of a number of components of nature. The appearance of such information, along with the available data of remote sensing of the Earth and the possibility of application of geoinformation technologies, also allowed the development of new, detailed versions of maps of natural landscapes, both for institutions of higher and general secondary education using 6 classification units. One of them – map for institutions of higher education on a scale of 1: 500 000 – served as the basis for the analysis and identification of patterns of spatial distribution of natural territorial complexes in the rank of subtypes, groups of genera, genera and species of landscapes. An increase in the number of main classification units was found – genera (from 20 to 22) and species (from 105 to 107) – within the 2 subtypes, as well as a significant change in their area, boundaries and features of spatial distribution. The obtained results served as a basis for clarifying the distribution of regional complexes, which led to the compilation of a new version of the landscape zoning scheme. It was revealed that the number of provinces remained the same, their borders were clarified (the areas changed within 1–5 %) and names. The number of landscape districts has decreased from 56 to 53, their borders, areas and names have changed significantly.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46477798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-87-100
Aliaksei S. Cherenko
A method for creating a unified classifier of special terrain maps using geoinformation technologies is presented. The existing classifiers of maps of the operational and tactical situation, special and topographic terrain maps used in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus are analysed. Using the software products of the design bureau «Panorama», a methodology of developing new classifiers for geoinformation and traditional approaches is described. The urgency of creating the first unified digital classifier of special terrain maps for the geoinformation approach, which contains all available special terrain maps and allow you to use them in conjunction with maps of the operational-tactical situation and electronic topographic terrain maps crosslinking, is substantiated. The relevance of the creation of digital classifiers of special terrain maps by scale for the traditional approach involving the development of maps for analog printing is substantiated. In the created digital classifiers, for the first time, a system of classification and coding of terrain objects was used for them, which is based on the hierarchical method of classification of information of the first subset and the faceted method of classification of information of the second subset. The developed classifiers have a unified colour palette and cartographic fonts. Examples of the created symbols of the classifiers of special terrain maps are given. It is concluded that it is necessary to use the developed unified classifier of special terrain maps in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.
{"title":"Development of unified classifier of special terrain maps using geoinformation technologies","authors":"Aliaksei S. Cherenko","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-87-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-87-100","url":null,"abstract":"A method for creating a unified classifier of special terrain maps using geoinformation technologies is presented. The existing classifiers of maps of the operational and tactical situation, special and topographic terrain maps used in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus are analysed. Using the software products of the design bureau «Panorama», a methodology of developing new classifiers for geoinformation and traditional approaches is described. The urgency of creating the first unified digital classifier of special terrain maps for the geoinformation approach, which contains all available special terrain maps and allow you to use them in conjunction with maps of the operational-tactical situation and electronic topographic terrain maps crosslinking, is substantiated. The relevance of the creation of digital classifiers of special terrain maps by scale for the traditional approach involving the development of maps for analog printing is substantiated. In the created digital classifiers, for the first time, a system of classification and coding of terrain objects was used for them, which is based on the hierarchical method of classification of information of the first subset and the faceted method of classification of information of the second subset. The developed classifiers have a unified colour palette and cartographic fonts. Examples of the created symbols of the classifiers of special terrain maps are given. It is concluded that it is necessary to use the developed unified classifier of special terrain maps in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44362341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-71-86
V. Zaitsev, L. O. Zhigalskaya
The changes in the sectoral and spatial structure of the world’s mining industry that occurred the period during 1980–2019 in the conditions of post-industrial development of the world economy are considered. The relevance of the study is dictated by the global process of dematerialisation of the economy under the influence of scientific and technological progress and the transition of world production to the principles of sustainable development, which causes not only a change in the role of the mining industry in the structure of the economy, but also entails a qualitative transformation of its spatial structure. On the base of calculations of indices characterising the intensity of dynamics, structural shifts and the spatial concentration of the volumes of mineral raw materials extraction with the subsequent interpretation of their values, the key trends in the development of the mining industry and the features characteristic of its constituent sectors, including the extraction of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, bauxite, copper, potash and phosphate rock were identified. The result of the conducted research is the revealed features of the mining industry development in the post-industrial period, which consist of positive dynamics of its functioning, stabilisation of the sectoral structure and strengthening of the positions of developing countries and individual regions in the extraction of mineral resources. The obtained results allow us to assess the features of processes taking place in the primary sector of the world economy at the present stage of development and the role of individual countries and regions in the mining industry of the world.
{"title":"Post-industrial shifts in the world’s mining industry","authors":"V. Zaitsev, L. O. Zhigalskaya","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-71-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-71-86","url":null,"abstract":"The changes in the sectoral and spatial structure of the world’s mining industry that occurred the period during 1980–2019 in the conditions of post-industrial development of the world economy are considered. The relevance of the study is dictated by the global process of dematerialisation of the economy under the influence of scientific and technological progress and the transition of world production to the principles of sustainable development, which causes not only a change in the role of the mining industry in the structure of the economy, but also entails a qualitative transformation of its spatial structure. On the base of calculations of indices characterising the intensity of dynamics, structural shifts and the spatial concentration of the volumes of mineral raw materials extraction with the subsequent interpretation of their values, the key trends in the development of the mining industry and the features characteristic of its constituent sectors, including the extraction of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, bauxite, copper, potash and phosphate rock were identified. The result of the conducted research is the revealed features of the mining industry development in the post-industrial period, which consist of positive dynamics of its functioning, stabilisation of the sectoral structure and strengthening of the positions of developing countries and individual regions in the extraction of mineral resources. The obtained results allow us to assess the features of processes taking place in the primary sector of the world economy at the present stage of development and the role of individual countries and regions in the mining industry of the world.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46873058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-42-56
Marina V. Luksha, Aliaksei A. Novik
In the conditions of modern climate warming, there is an increase in the number of hazardous weather phenomena, including thunderstorm activity, not only in the warm, but also in the cold season. The article analyses the occurrence of winter thunderstorms (October – March) and their connections with aerosynoptic conditions are revealed on the example of the Minsk-2 airfield for the period from 1989 to 2020. The determination of these relationships is necessary to make a qualitative forecast of thunderstorms as one of the hazardous weather phenomena for aviation. It was found that for the formation of winter thunderstorms requires the arrival of warm (with an air temperature above 0 °C) and moist air mass from the south or southwest, associated with the displacement of intensively deepening North Atlantic or southern cyclones in the stage of a young cyclone; the passage of primary and secondary active cold fronts with speeds of more than 30 km/h, cold fronts with waves and occlusion fronts, which provide the rise of warm and moist air of the lower troposphere; the existence of convective instability in the atmosphere; the presence tongue of warm and humid air, which is replaced by a trough of cold, at the level of 850 mb; the presence of low-jet currents and positive vorticity at the level of 700 mb and level of 500 mb, indicating the rise of an air particle; the presence of powerful jet currents of the western quarter at the level of 300 mb, enhancing convective processes. The obtained results can be used to replenish the methodological base on the forecasting of hazardous convective phenomena in Belarus, and also as recommendations for the forecast of thunderstorms in the cold season in the operational work of weather forecasters.
{"title":"Aerosynoptic conditions for the formation of winter thunderstorms on the example of the Minsk-2 airfield","authors":"Marina V. Luksha, Aliaksei A. Novik","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-42-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-42-56","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of modern climate warming, there is an increase in the number of hazardous weather phenomena, including thunderstorm activity, not only in the warm, but also in the cold season. The article analyses the occurrence of winter thunderstorms (October – March) and their connections with aerosynoptic conditions are revealed on the example of the Minsk-2 airfield for the period from 1989 to 2020. The determination of these relationships is necessary to make a qualitative forecast of thunderstorms as one of the hazardous weather phenomena for aviation. It was found that for the formation of winter thunderstorms requires the arrival of warm (with an air temperature above 0 °C) and moist air mass from the south or southwest, associated with the displacement of intensively deepening North Atlantic or southern cyclones in the stage of a young cyclone; the passage of primary and secondary active cold fronts with speeds of more than 30 km/h, cold fronts with waves and occlusion fronts, which provide the rise of warm and moist air of the lower troposphere; the existence of convective instability in the atmosphere; the presence tongue of warm and humid air, which is replaced by a trough of cold, at the level of 850 mb; the presence of low-jet currents and positive vorticity at the level of 700 mb and level of 500 mb, indicating the rise of an air particle; the presence of powerful jet currents of the western quarter at the level of 300 mb, enhancing convective processes. The obtained results can be used to replenish the methodological base on the forecasting of hazardous convective phenomena in Belarus, and also as recommendations for the forecast of thunderstorms in the cold season in the operational work of weather forecasters.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49287143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-57-70
Andrew I. Valasiuk, Antonina A. Topaz
The article presents a study of the automated detection specifics within forest-covered areas traversed by fires based on the different time satellite imagery from the Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B using the differential normalised burn ratio index (dNBR) for the pre-fire and post-fire periods the calculation. The studies carried out on the research topic are given and a review of the currently functioning forest fire monitoring systems has been implemented. The urgency of the development and testing of an automated system for assessing the forest fire consequences using open source software and Earth remote sensing data has been substantiated. It has been established that the differential index dNBR, calculated from the Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B satellite images captured on different dates makes it possible to effectively detect burned-out areas. It is shown that the Python ecosystem makes it possible to successfully create systems for automated processing of Earth remote sensing data. A prototype of a system for the automated detection of forest-covered areas traversed by fires has been developed, based on the materials of different dates satellite imagery from Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B spacecraft. The flowchart of the algorithm of processing Earth remote sensing data using the proposed system was presented. For the Sentinel-2 satellite images for the dates before and after the fire, the differential index dNBR was calculated, the analysis of the results of which showed a close correlation of the dNBR index with the degree of burnout of the territory. A schematic map of the areas affected by the fire has been drawn up and the accuracy of identifying burnedout areas has been assessed by calculating the confusion matrix. An assessment of the effectiveness of the automated system for identifying areas affected by forest fires, ways of its modernisation and improvement, as well as the prospects for implementation in production has been carried out. It is noted that the results of the created system have high reliability indicators. At the same time, the need was revealed to increase the sensitivity of the system when identifying areas that have undergone partial burnout. A variant of improving the algorithms used in the work by introducing the multilevel Otsu’s method, intended to significantly increase the sensitivity of the system, has been proposed.
{"title":"Assessment of forest fire effects based on automated processing of Earth remote sensing imager","authors":"Andrew I. Valasiuk, Antonina A. Topaz","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-57-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-57-70","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a study of the automated detection specifics within forest-covered areas traversed by fires based on the different time satellite imagery from the Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B using the differential normalised burn ratio index (dNBR) for the pre-fire and post-fire periods the calculation. The studies carried out on the research topic are given and a review of the currently functioning forest fire monitoring systems has been implemented. The urgency of the development and testing of an automated system for assessing the forest fire consequences using open source software and Earth remote sensing data has been substantiated. It has been established that the differential index dNBR, calculated from the Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B satellite images captured on different dates makes it possible to effectively detect burned-out areas. It is shown that the Python ecosystem makes it possible to successfully create systems for automated processing of Earth remote sensing data. A prototype of a system for the automated detection of forest-covered areas traversed by fires has been developed, based on the materials of different dates satellite imagery from Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B spacecraft. The flowchart of the algorithm of processing Earth remote sensing data using the proposed system was presented. For the Sentinel-2 satellite images for the dates before and after the fire, the differential index dNBR was calculated, the analysis of the results of which showed a close correlation of the dNBR index with the degree of burnout of the territory. A schematic map of the areas affected by the fire has been drawn up and the accuracy of identifying burnedout areas has been assessed by calculating the confusion matrix. An assessment of the effectiveness of the automated system for identifying areas affected by forest fires, ways of its modernisation and improvement, as well as the prospects for implementation in production has been carried out. It is noted that the results of the created system have high reliability indicators. At the same time, the need was revealed to increase the sensitivity of the system when identifying areas that have undergone partial burnout. A variant of improving the algorithms used in the work by introducing the multilevel Otsu’s method, intended to significantly increase the sensitivity of the system, has been proposed.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46969526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-91-101
Alena A. Taeubner, V. P. Samodurov
Quantitative petrography is a scientific and industrial direction of geology, which made huge progress due to developments and inventions in information technology and optics in the last decade. This article is introducing the modern and scientific directions of quantitative petrography and describes their current state of art as well as methodical approaches and their application. The research objects of quantitative macropetrography are hand specimens, borehole cores and polished tiles, and of micropetrography are thin and polished sections of rocks samples, splitted rock surfaces and immersion preparations. The goal of the research is to develop and present new methodological approaches of digital microscopy for the analysis of ores, rocks and minerals, as well as to investigate the morphological image analysis capabilities for the transforming from the classical description methods to quantitative petrography.
{"title":"Quantitative petrography: approaches and applications","authors":"Alena A. Taeubner, V. P. Samodurov","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-91-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-91-101","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative petrography is a scientific and industrial direction of geology, which made huge progress due to developments and inventions in information technology and optics in the last decade. This article is introducing the modern and scientific directions of quantitative petrography and describes their current state of art as well as methodical approaches and their application. The research objects of quantitative macropetrography are hand specimens, borehole cores and polished tiles, and of micropetrography are thin and polished sections of rocks samples, splitted rock surfaces and immersion preparations. The goal of the research is to develop and present new methodological approaches of digital microscopy for the analysis of ores, rocks and minerals, as well as to investigate the morphological image analysis capabilities for the transforming from the classical description methods to quantitative petrography.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43741243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-18-31
Hleb S. Lazovik, Antonina A. Topaz
The article presents a method for creating a territory erosion hazard integrated map using RUSLE integral model, Earth remote sensing data and GIS technologies. The studies carried out on this topic are presented, the analysis of which has shown a more active use of integral indicators of water-erosion processes in foreign scientific works. Urgency of updating methodology for studying erosion processes has been substantiated. Theoretical foundations of the application of integral models of soil erosion are given, the application of the RUSLE model is substantiated, and the optimal way of using this model is proposed. The research methodology has been developed, consisting of primary processing of remote sensing data, calculation of the factors of erosion development and creation of a territory erosion hazard integrated map. Based on the processing of aerial photography materials, a point cloud, a digital elevation model and an orthomosaic map of the study area were created. The results of the geoinformation analysis of the remote sensing data, which included calculation of the soil erodibility factor and the topographic factor, are presented. Based on the integral indicator of watererosion hazard, a complex map of the erosion hazard of the territory has been created. Main patterns of geographical distribution of the values of the integral indicator of the water-erosion hazard of the territory are revealed, devised methodology is assessed. It was found that the schematic map reflects the general pattern of water erosion processes: they are more active in places where more dissected relief is spread. Influence of the soil factor on the pattern of the schematic map is shown: the pattern in the territories occupied by sod-podzolic loamy soils qualitatively differs from the pattern on the lands where sod-podzolic sandy loam soils are widespread. Patterns on the schematic map of different parts of the developed linear forms of relief, formed by temporary streams, are described. It is shown that the proposed method can be used to assess the water-erosion hazard of the territory. The need to take into account a larger number of factors and to refine the assessment of existing ones is concluded.
{"title":"Assessment of soil erosion hazard and its mapping using GIS technologies","authors":"Hleb S. Lazovik, Antonina A. Topaz","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-18-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-18-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a method for creating a territory erosion hazard integrated map using RUSLE integral model, Earth remote sensing data and GIS technologies. The studies carried out on this topic are presented, the analysis of which has shown a more active use of integral indicators of water-erosion processes in foreign scientific works. Urgency of updating methodology for studying erosion processes has been substantiated. Theoretical foundations of the application of integral models of soil erosion are given, the application of the RUSLE model is substantiated, and the optimal way of using this model is proposed. The research methodology has been developed, consisting of primary processing of remote sensing data, calculation of the factors of erosion development and creation of a territory erosion hazard integrated map. Based on the processing of aerial photography materials, a point cloud, a digital elevation model and an orthomosaic map of the study area were created. The results of the geoinformation analysis of the remote sensing data, which included calculation of the soil erodibility factor and the topographic factor, are presented. Based on the integral indicator of watererosion hazard, a complex map of the erosion hazard of the territory has been created. Main patterns of geographical distribution of the values of the integral indicator of the water-erosion hazard of the territory are revealed, devised methodology is assessed. It was found that the schematic map reflects the general pattern of water erosion processes: they are more active in places where more dissected relief is spread. Influence of the soil factor on the pattern of the schematic map is shown: the pattern in the territories occupied by sod-podzolic loamy soils qualitatively differs from the pattern on the lands where sod-podzolic sandy loam soils are widespread. Patterns on the schematic map of different parts of the developed linear forms of relief, formed by temporary streams, are described. It is shown that the proposed method can be used to assess the water-erosion hazard of the territory. The need to take into account a larger number of factors and to refine the assessment of existing ones is concluded.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44730171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-102-113
V. Konishchev, Andrei M. Kovkhuto
The article describes the history of studying the diamond content of tectonic structures of the territory of Belarus. Based on the results of magnetometric, mineralogical, tectonic studies carried out by industrial geologists and scientists over the past 50 years, new scientifically substantiated criteria for the search for explosion pipes have been developed using Clifford’s rule, according to which kimberlite explosion pipes are developed within the Archean cratons, where the thickness of the lithosphere is 175–270 km, and are absent in the zones of Early Proterozoic stabilisation and tectonomagmatic activation. Explosion tubes on the African-Arabian, East Siberian, Sino-Korean and East European platforms demonstrate their confinement to the Archean cratons and may be associated with zones of paleosubduction of the Proterozoic oceanic crust beneath the Archean cratons. Based on this, the authors scientifically substantiated the hypothesis that during the closure of the Early Proterozoic paleoocean separating the Fenno-Scandinavian craton from the Volga-Ural and Sarmatian cratons, subduction of the younger crust took place under these cratons, the southwestern corner of which on the territory of Belarus is the Vitebsk granulite massif. The article concludes that the Vitebsk granulite massif is the most promising in terms of diamond-bearing on the territory of Belarus, and within its limits – the Smolensk regional deep fault at the intersection of this fault of northeastern striking with the Odessa-Gomel regional deep fault of submeridional striking south of the city of Orsha. Recommendations are given for further study of promising areas in order to determine their diamond content.
{"title":"Criteries and prospects of diamonds of the Vitebsk granulite massif","authors":"V. Konishchev, Andrei M. Kovkhuto","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-102-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-102-113","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the history of studying the diamond content of tectonic structures of the territory of Belarus. Based on the results of magnetometric, mineralogical, tectonic studies carried out by industrial geologists and scientists over the past 50 years, new scientifically substantiated criteria for the search for explosion pipes have been developed using Clifford’s rule, according to which kimberlite explosion pipes are developed within the Archean cratons, where the thickness of the lithosphere is 175–270 km, and are absent in the zones of Early Proterozoic stabilisation and tectonomagmatic activation. Explosion tubes on the African-Arabian, East Siberian, Sino-Korean and East European platforms demonstrate their confinement to the Archean cratons and may be associated with zones of paleosubduction of the Proterozoic oceanic crust beneath the Archean cratons. Based on this, the authors scientifically substantiated the hypothesis that during the closure of the Early Proterozoic paleoocean separating the Fenno-Scandinavian craton from the Volga-Ural and Sarmatian cratons, subduction of the younger crust took place under these cratons, the southwestern corner of which on the territory of Belarus is the Vitebsk granulite massif. The article concludes that the Vitebsk granulite massif is the most promising in terms of diamond-bearing on the territory of Belarus, and within its limits – the Smolensk regional deep fault at the intersection of this fault of northeastern striking with the Odessa-Gomel regional deep fault of submeridional striking south of the city of Orsha. Recommendations are given for further study of promising areas in order to determine their diamond content.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42273641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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