Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity最新文献_第2页

The Significance of the San Remo Manual to Protect the Sea Defense of Indonesia 《圣雷莫手册》对保护印尼海防的意义

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i2.11329

Rizki Pratama Kamarulah, Lukman Yudho Prakoso

In 1994, the San Remo Manual was established as a regulation governing sea warfare, providing guidelines for countries engaged in conflicts at sea. As Indonesia holds a crucial strategic position in both regional and global sea and air zones, understanding and adhering to international law during armed conflicts at sea is of paramount importance. This research aims to offer practical guidance on the significant role of the San Remo Manual, in applying international law during sea warfare and examines its application in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative method, which seeks to identify and understand various phenomena in-depth. By analyzing different cases and phenomena, empirical insights on the development and application of the law can be derived. The research results show a comprehensive guide for countries involved in sea conflicts, detailing permissible actions, involvement of parties, protection of injured vessels and personnel, and actions taken by non-conflicting nations. For the Indonesian Navy, implementing the San Remo Manual is vital since they operate in waters that may be prone to armed conflicts. Adhering to this manual can help regulate the conduct of naval personnel during military operations at sea, with a strong emphasis on upholding human rights and justice in the use of military force.

1994年，制定了《圣雷莫手册》，作为管理海战的规则，为参与海上冲突的国家提供指导方针。由于印度尼西亚在区域和全球海空两区都占有至关重要的战略地位，因此在海上武装冲突期间理解和遵守国际法是极为重要的。这项研究旨在就《圣雷莫手册》在海战期间适用国际法方面的重要作用提供实际指导，并审查其在印度尼西亚的适用情况。本研究采用定性方法，力求对各种现象进行深入的识别和理解。通过对不同案例和现象的分析，可以得出法律发展和适用的经验见解。研究结果为卷入海上冲突的国家提供了一个全面的指南，详细说明了允许的行动、各方的参与、对受伤船只和人员的保护以及非冲突国家采取的行动。对印度尼西亚海军来说，执行《圣雷莫手册》至关重要，因为他们在可能容易发生武装冲突的水域作业。遵守本手册有助于规范海军人员在海上军事行动中的行为，特别强调在使用军事力量时维护人权和正义。

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引用次数: 0

Implementation of Artificial Intelligence on Indonesia’s Defense Intelligence Activities 人工智能在印尼国防情报活动中的应用

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i2.14657

Rizky Ramadhianto, Tahan Samuel Lumban Toruan, Susaningtyas Nefo Handayani Kertopati, Hikmat Zakky Almubaroq

The global dynamics nowadays are synonymous with technological developments which have led to the complexity of emerging threats for implementing Indonesia's defense that come from state actors and non-state actors by taking advantage of technological advances in every digital-based crime. To respond, the concept of digital transformation needs to be realized in a more simultaneous and integrated manner for the defense process through technology platforms. One of them is using Artificial Intelligence technology on defense intelligence activities digitally to prevent sudden strategic attacks on defense forces. Despite of benefits that help intelligence performance in the defense sector, applying Artificial Intelligence technology has potential negative impacts. This article aims to study the significant implications of Artificial Intelligence technology on national defense using a qualitative descriptive method in literacy studies originating from journals, books, and credible internet sources. The findings provide that potential threats from Artificial Intelligence-based defense intelligence activities include miscalculation of algorithmic processes in the intelligence collecting phase, breaches in the process of sharing strategic defense data, and errors in processing statistical data as an effort to observe the reactions of other countries to maintain the balance of defense forces, resulting of misinterpretation in order to estimate national power of them and their intentions in deploying military force. If the potential threats are not focused on being addressed, it will have an impact on reducing the effectiveness of defense intelligence to reduce uncertainty in forecasting global threats.

当今的全球动态与技术发展是同义词，技术发展导致印度尼西亚实施国防的新威胁变得复杂，这些威胁来自国家行为体和非国家行为体，利用每一种基于数字的犯罪的技术进步。为此，需要通过技术平台以更加同步和集成的方式实现国防过程的数字化转型概念。其中之一是将人工智能技术用于国防情报活动，以防止对国防力量的突然战略攻击。尽管人工智能技术有助于国防部门的情报表现，但它也有潜在的负面影响。本文旨在研究人工智能技术对国防的重大影响，采用定性描述方法进行素养研究，这些研究来源于期刊、书籍和可靠的互联网资源。研究结果表明，基于人工智能的国防情报活动的潜在威胁包括情报收集阶段算法过程的错误计算，战略防务数据共享过程中的破坏，以及为观察其他国家的反应而处理统计数据的错误，以维持国防力量的平衡。为了估计他们的国家实力和他们部署军事力量的意图而产生的误解。如果不集中精力解决潜在威胁，就会降低国防情报的有效性，从而减少预测全球威胁的不确定性。

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引用次数: 0

Empowering the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries (Pinhantanas) to Build the Independence of the Defense Industry 授权印尼国家私营国防工业协会(Pinhantanas)建立国防工业的独立性

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i2.15820

Wulan Nurfitriani, Vicky Nugroho, G. Royke Deksino

The fact that the empowerment of the private defense industry needs to be improved. This is indicated by the problems that still exist in the defense industry, namely the lack of government commitment to increasing collaboration between State-Owned Strategic Industry Enterprises and Private-Owned Enterprises, and many domestic defense industry products that are still imported. This also raises the question, has the private defense industry not fulfilled the local market opportunity? Has the private defense industry yet to fulfill the Domestic Component Level (TKDN) obligation in producing the defense systems? Has the private defense industry yet to cooperate with the foreign defense industry? A literature study method underpins this research, offering the researchers a profound understanding of the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries (Pinhantanas) empowerment. Employing this methodology, insights into defense industry challenges and the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries are revealed. Hence, an investigation into Empowering the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries to Augment Defense Industry Independence proves pivotal. By dissecting defense industry challenges using three research questions, this research offers insights and recommendations to empower the Association of Indonesian National Private Defense Industries (Pinhantanas).

事实上，私营国防工业的授权需要得到改善。国防工业中仍然存在的问题表明了这一点，即政府缺乏加强国有战略工业企业与私营企业之间合作的承诺，许多国内国防工业产品仍然依赖进口。这也提出了一个问题，私营国防工业是否没有满足当地的市场机会?私营国防工业在生产国防系统时是否还没有履行国产组件水平(TKDN)的义务?私营国防工业还没有与外国国防工业合作吗?文献研究法是本研究的基础，为研究人员提供了对印尼国家私营国防工业协会(Pinhantanas)授权的深刻理解。采用这种方法，揭示了对国防工业挑战和印度尼西亚国家私营国防工业协会的见解。因此，对授权印尼国家私营国防工业协会增强国防工业独立性的调查至关重要。通过使用三个研究问题剖析国防工业面临的挑战，本研究为印度尼西亚国家私营国防工业协会(Pinhantanas)提供了见解和建议。

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引用次数: 0

Godfatherism and Electoral Security in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: A Human Security Approach 教父主义与尼日利亚第四共和国的选举安全:人类安全途径

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i2.16969

Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde, Michael Atoyeje

This study delves into the intricate relationship between godfatherism and electoral politics in Nigeria's Fourth Republic, with a specific focus on the 2018 gubernatorial election in Osun State. Godfatherism has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon in Nigerian politics, where influential figures play significant roles in shaping political outcomes. Using a human security analytical approach, this study critically examines the link between godfatherism and electoral politics in Nigeria's fourth republic and its implication for human security, focusing on the micro-political analysis of the Osun state gubernatorial election in 2018. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study draws on descriptive research methodology and the Elite theoretical framework to uncover the complexities of godfatherism and its implications for electoral politics. The findings indicate that godfatherism, despite its potential benefits for the democratic balance of power, has taken an unsettling turn in Nigeria's electoral environment, thus posing grave dangers to human security. It has evolved into a disruptive force, undermining the foundations of popular democratic governance and denying citizens the full dividends of democracy. The study highlights how godfatherism influences candidate selection, party loyalty, and electoral outcomes. Moreover, the study reveals that godfatherism perpetuates a system of political patronage, compromising the independence and accountability of elected officials. It also examines the consequences of godfatherism on the unity of political parties, electoral malpractices, and the quality of democratic representation in Osun State. In conclusion, this study underscores the need to reevaluate the role of godfatherism in Nigeria's electoral politics while advocating for reforms in the political system to promote transparency, accountability, and citizen participation.

本研究深入研究了尼日利亚第四共和国教父主义与选举政治之间的复杂关系，并特别关注了2018年奥松州的州长选举。教父主义已成为尼日利亚政治中的一种普遍现象，有影响力的人物在塑造政治结果方面发挥着重要作用。本研究采用人类安全分析方法，批判性地考察了尼日利亚第四共和国教父主义与选举政治之间的联系及其对人类安全的影响，重点关注2018年奥松州州长选举的微观政治分析。本研究采用混合方法，利用描述性研究方法和精英理论框架来揭示教父主义的复杂性及其对选举政治的影响。调查结果表明，教父主义尽管可能有利于民主的权力平衡，但在尼日利亚的选举环境中出现了令人不安的转变，从而对人类安全构成严重危险。它已演变成一股破坏性力量，破坏了大众民主治理的基础，剥夺了公民充分享受民主的红利。这项研究强调了教父主义如何影响候选人选择、政党忠诚和选举结果。此外，研究表明，教父主义使政治庇护制度永久化，损害了当选官员的独立性和问责制。它还审查了教父主义对政党团结、选举舞弊和奥松州民主代表制质量的影响。总之，本研究强调有必要重新评估教父主义在尼日利亚选举政治中的作用，同时倡导政治制度改革，以促进透明度、问责制和公民参与。

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引用次数: 0

Opportunities and Challenges of the State Defense Paradigm in the Era of Globalization 全球化时代国防范式的机遇与挑战

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i2.6675

Laode Muhamad Fathun, Tiara Puspa Maharani, Nazaruddien Agus Salim Putra Angkotasan

In the era of globalization, efforts to defend the country no longer involve physical warfare. This study aims to describe the opportunities and challenges to defend Indonesia in the globalization era. This research was conducted because it has an urgency that there is a meaning of disruption in the paradigm of state defense in the era of globalization. This study is a descriptive-qualitative study that used library research to collect data from surveys, observations, Focus Group Discussions, and Interviews. This study finds that through the digital era, social media platforms will create interactive, communicative, and multi-channel communication dialogue patterns that will create a digital community that loves the motherland and is aware of the nation and state. Besides, the transformation of the value of State Defense in the digital era is more effective than previously. On the other side, Indonesia is still facing cultural, structural, and postural challenges. Thus, the challenges faced also need to be considered and prevented together with all existing stakeholders and state defense agents.

在全球化时代，保卫国家的努力不再涉及物理战争。本研究旨在描述在全球化时代保卫印尼的机遇和挑战。之所以进行这项研究，是因为全球化时代的国防范式具有颠覆的意义。本研究是一项描述性质的研究，利用图书馆研究从调查、观察、焦点小组讨论和访谈中收集数据。本研究发现，在数字时代，社交媒体平台将创造互动、沟通、多渠道的沟通对话模式，将创造一个热爱祖国、具有民族和国家意识的数字社区。此外，数字时代国防价值的转变比以往更加有效。另一方面，印尼仍面临着文化、结构和姿态方面的挑战。因此，还需要与所有现有利益相关者和国家国防代理人一起考虑和预防所面临的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Local and Migrant Fishermen Marine Cultures in the Atapupu Coastal Area in Supporting the Blue Economy in Maritime Security 阿塔普普沿海地区的当地和移民渔民海洋文化在海上安全中支持蓝色经济

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i1.1864

Supriyadi Supriyadi, M. Afrisal, Raymundus Putra Situmorang, Kristera Tesa Bere Mau, A. Widodo, A. Isdianto, Intan Dwi Puspitasari

Atapupu is a coastal area that has a strategic location because it is directly adjacent to the country of Timor Leste. This study aims to analyze the differences in marine culture at Atapupu Beach in supporting the blue economy in maritime security. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data source comes from primary data by interviewing local and migrant fishermen and secondary data comes from journals. Data analysis in this study used descriptive qualitative. This study found that the differences between the local and migrant fishermen could be differentiated based on their time to go to sea, the fishing gear, and the type of boat used by the fishermen. The migrant fishermen, which come from Buton, are Muslim, so they do not go to sea on Fridays due to Fridays Prayers. They use fishing rods as gear and bigger boats than the local fishermen. Meanwhile, the local fishermen have no special days to go to sea, they go to sea depending on the weather conditions. The local fishermen only use nets as fishing gear and their boats are smaller compared to the migrant fishermen’s boats. These conditions are affecting their range of fishing areas, the type of fish caught, and the average income per month. Cultural differences at sea between local and migrant fishermen will certainly affect maritime security in the blue economy sector. The existence of differences in types and income from catches can lead to less optimal utilization of fishery resources.

阿塔普普是一个沿海地区，具有战略位置，因为它与东帝汶国家直接相邻。本研究旨在分析阿塔普海滩海洋文化的差异，以支持海上安全中的蓝色经济。本研究采用定性与描述性相结合的方法。数据来源来自对当地渔民和移民渔民的访谈，次要数据来自期刊。本研究数据分析采用描述性定性分析。本研究发现，本地渔民与外来渔民的差异可以根据出海的时间、渔具和渔民使用的船只类型来区分。来自布顿的移民渔民都是穆斯林，因此由于周五祈祷，他们不会在周五出海。他们用鱼竿作为工具，用比当地渔民更大的船。同时，当地渔民没有特殊的出海日，他们根据天气情况出海。当地渔民只使用渔网作为渔具，他们的船比外来渔民的船要小。这些条件正在影响他们的捕鱼范围、捕获的鱼的种类和每月的平均收入。当地渔民和移民渔民在海上的文化差异肯定会影响蓝色经济领域的海上安全。渔获种类和渔获收入的差异可能导致渔业资源利用不太理想。

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引用次数: 0

The Early Warning System Effectiveness of the Maritime Security Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (Bakamla RI) in the Prevention of Drug Invention through the Sea Lane 印度尼西亚共和国海事安全局(Bakamla RI)早期预警系统在通过海上通道防止药物发明中的有效性

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i1.7430

Yosy Gustasya, Raymundus Putra Situmorang, R. K. Harryes

The Republic of Indonesia Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla RI) was formed based on the mandate of Article 59 Paragraph 3 of Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Maritime Affairs. Bakamla RI has implemented an early warning system to ensure security and safety in Indonesian waters and jurisdiction. The Bakamla RI Early Warning System (EWS), known as a choke point for maritime security and safety, has already been built and spread throughout Indonesian waters. However, in reality, drug smuggling by sea is still common. Drug smuggling by sea is still dominant today. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) revealed that 80% of drug trafficking is carried out by sea. Narcotics transactions in the middle of the sea are very safe transactions, this is due to very weak supervision in the middle of the sea by officers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanism and effectiveness of an early-stage warning system in preventing drug smuggling by sea. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with interview data collection techniques. Research shows that the Early Warning System Series produces ship detection and assistance data that can be processed into ship anomaly information. The application of the Bakamla RI early warning system to prevent drug smuggling by sea has not been effective. The difficulty of realizing information between agencies and the weak synergy in exchanging information are the main obstacles to the efficiency of the early warning system. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the capability of the Bakamla RI Early Warning System by integrating the Command and Control Center (Puskodal) or Control Center (Pusdal) of related agencies, as well as equipping it with monitoring equipment that integrates the Early Warning System.

印度尼西亚共和国海事安全局(Bakamla RI)是根据2014年第32号海事法第59条第3款的授权成立的。巴卡姆拉国际扶轮已经实施了一个早期预警系统，以确保印尼水域和管辖权的安全。Bakamla RI早期预警系统(EWS)被称为海上安全与安全的瓶颈，已经建成并遍布印度尼西亚水域。然而，在现实中，海上毒品走私仍然很普遍。如今，海上毒品走私仍占主导地位。联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室(UNODC)透露，80%的毒品贩运是通过海上进行的。海上毒品交易是非常安全的交易，这是由于海上官员的监管非常薄弱。本研究的目的是分析海上毒品走私预警系统的机制和有效性。本研究采用访谈资料收集技术的定性描述方法。研究表明，预警系统系列产生的船舶检测和辅助数据可以处理为船舶异常信息。Bakamla RI预警系统在防止海上毒品走私方面的应用并不有效。机构间信息实现困难、信息交换协同能力弱是影响预警系统效率的主要障碍。因此，建议整合相关机构的指挥与控制中心(Puskodal)或控制中心(Pusdal)，并配备整合早期预警系统的监控设备，以提高Bakamla RI早期预警系统的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Strategic Leadership to Deal with the Separatism Movement in Papua 应对巴布亚分离主义运动的战略领导

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i1.1834

Anatansyah Ayomi Anandari, A. Supriyadi

The separatist movement in Papua has been a threat to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia for many years. Although various efforts have been made to deal with this problem, the separatist movement still exists and threatens the stability of the Papua region. Therefore, effective strategic leadership policies and strategies are needed to overcome separatist movements in Papua. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of strategic leadership in overcoming separatist movements in Papua as a form of threat to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia. The research method used is library research by collecting data from primary and secondary sources, including journal articles, books, and official documents. The data was then analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive approach. The recommendations for effective strategic leadership in addressing separatist movements in Papua include; acknowledging historical factors, engaging stakeholders, adopting preventive strategies, protecting human rights, leveraging technology, enhancing transparency and accountability, and promoting economic development.

多年来，巴布亚的分离主义运动一直对印度尼西亚共和国的主权和领土完整构成威胁。虽然为解决这一问题作出了各种努力，但分离主义运动仍然存在，威胁着巴布亚区域的稳定。因此，需要有效的战略领导政策和战略来克服巴布亚的分离主义运动。本研究的目的是分析战略领导在克服巴布亚分裂主义运动方面的作用，这是对印度尼西亚共和国主权和领土完整的一种威胁。使用的研究方法是图书馆研究，通过收集第一手和第二手来源的数据，包括期刊文章，书籍和官方文件。然后使用描述性方法对数据进行定性分析。关于在处理巴布亚分离主义运动方面发挥有效战略领导作用的建议包括:承认历史因素，让利益攸关方参与，采取预防战略，保护人权，利用技术，提高透明度和问责制，促进经济发展。

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引用次数: 0

The Warship Division’s Strategy Development of PT. PAL to Strengthen the National Defense Industry 军舰师发展PT. PAL以加强国防工业的战略

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i1.1663

Hudayah Ramadhan, Achmad Faisol, H. Subagyo

The strength of a country can be interpreted to align with its independence and capability of a defense industry so that its defense industry can be strong enough to maintain the existence of a country. The capability of the defense industry is also influenced by the direction of government policy, as is the vision and mission of the Ministry of Defense which is committed to improving the defense industry, one of which is PT. PAL, which is engaged in the maritime sector in shipbuilding and maintenance. To realize the government's vision and mission, PT. PAL felt the need to provide more exploration in developing its warship division. In developing the warship division, a special strategy is needed to achieve the PT. PAL desired target. This study aims to determine the strategy for the development of the warship division at PT. PAL. This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. The study was conducted in the Warship Division of PT. PAL which is located at Ujung Street in Surabaya. Sources of data in this study are informants and documents. The data collection technique is triangulation. The results showed that the strategy used was a differentiation strategy and a focus strategy with breakthrough steps including implementation of front-end back-end mechanisms in business development, project financing to optimize production facilities, increasing productivity through the implementation of the Full Block Outfitting System (FSOB), optimization of production equipment, the productivity of measurement center, the productivity of welding center, quality policies and other policies that lead to the implementation of Good Corporate Governance practices at PT. PAL.

一个国家的实力，可以解释为与国防工业的独立性和能力相一致，从而使国防工业强大到足以维持一个国家的存在。国防工业的能力也受到政府政策方向的影响，国防部的愿景和使命也受到政府政策方向的影响，国防部致力于改善国防工业，其中之一是从事造船和维修的海运部门的PT. PAL。为了实现政府的愿景和使命，PT. PAL认为有必要在发展其军舰部门方面进行更多的探索。在舰艇编队的发展过程中，需要一种特殊的战略来实现PT、PAL的预期目标。本研究旨在确定PT. PAL军舰部门的发展战略，本研究采用定性分析的描述性分析方法。这项研究是在位于泗水Ujung街的PT. PAL军舰分部进行的。本研究的数据来源为举报人和文献。数据采集技术为三角测量。结果表明，采用的战略是差异化战略和重点战略，其突破性步骤包括在业务发展中实施前端后端机制，通过项目融资优化生产设施，通过实施全块装配系统(FSOB)提高生产率，优化生产设备，提高测量中心的生产率，提高焊接中心的生产率，质量政策和其他导致在PT. PAL实施良好公司治理实践的政策。

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引用次数: 0

Lessons Learned from the Battle in the Java Sea between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the American, British, Dutch & Australian Command Navies to Develop the Indonesian Maritime Defense 日本帝国海军与美、英、荷、澳司令部海军爪哇海海战的经验教训:发展印尼海上防御

Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism Integrity

Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33172/jp.v9i1.1887

Aziz Ali Haerulloh, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, Rudi Sutanto

This study aims to dissect the battle in the Java Sea between Japan and the Allies as a lesson learned in developing Indonesia's maritime defense. The research method is a descriptive qualitative approach to historical methods and thematic phenomenology. The results of this study show the weakening of maritime culture and changes in the cultural perspective of the people and the Dutch East Indies colonial government, which resulted in a massive and fast defeat process in sea battles that determined one of them, namely in the Java Sea. This event became a lesson for Indonesia to rebuild a maritime culture towards a world maritime axis country. Maritime Culture is the foundation for strengthening Indonesia's layered maritime defense system but with the availability of a fleet that has yet to reach the current Minimum Essential Forces (MEF) target.

本研究旨在剖析日本和盟军在爪哇海的战斗，作为发展印度尼西亚海上防御的经验教训。研究方法是对历史方法和主题现象学的描述定性方法。这项研究的结果表明，海洋文化的削弱和人民和荷兰东印度殖民政府的文化观点的变化，这导致了海战的大规模和快速的失败过程，决定了其中一个，即在爪哇海。海洋文化是加强印度尼西亚分层海上防御系统的基础，但其舰队的可用性尚未达到目前的最低基本力量(MEF)目标。

引用次数: 0