To the Editor, We read with pleasure the article by Kavita et al. “Nurse-led interventions for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis”[1] and would like to appreciate the efforts done by the authors in addressing the nurse-based interventions on noncommunicable disease prevention. However, we would like to seek your attention to the missing studies on nurse-led intervention for noncommunicable disease prevention in India. Our earlier study on the effectiveness of a school-based educational intervention to improve hypertension control among school teachers in Kerala state of India[2] evaluated the effects of a nurse-facilitated educational intervention in improving hypertension control rate. The study concluded that the nurse-facilitated educational intervention was effective in improving the control and treatment rates of hypertension and reducing systolic blood pressure. However, there was no information on the above study in the systematic review and meta-analysis by Kavita et al.[1] The reason for the authors’ exclusion of these types of publications is not clear. Moreover, the above article is an open-access, and the role of nurses in the intervention can be clearly distinguished. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
{"title":"Nurse-led interventions for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"GK Mini","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_36_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_36_23","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor, We read with pleasure the article by Kavita et al. “Nurse-led interventions for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis”[1] and would like to appreciate the efforts done by the authors in addressing the nurse-based interventions on noncommunicable disease prevention. However, we would like to seek your attention to the missing studies on nurse-led intervention for noncommunicable disease prevention in India. Our earlier study on the effectiveness of a school-based educational intervention to improve hypertension control among school teachers in Kerala state of India[2] evaluated the effects of a nurse-facilitated educational intervention in improving hypertension control rate. The study concluded that the nurse-facilitated educational intervention was effective in improving the control and treatment rates of hypertension and reducing systolic blood pressure. However, there was no information on the above study in the systematic review and meta-analysis by Kavita et al.[1] The reason for the authors’ exclusion of these types of publications is not clear. Moreover, the above article is an open-access, and the role of nurses in the intervention can be clearly distinguished. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136003930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: To attain the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, an urgent action is required, directed by the global action plan for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) which contributed to 73% of worldwide deaths in 2017. The ability and limitations in primary care to meet the rising burden of NCDs remain unknown, nevertheless. The goal of this study was to evaluate the availability of primary health care facilities and their preparedness for NCDs in one block of UT Chandigarh. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 10 health facilities in Manimajra block of UT Chandigarh using the World Health Organization service availability and readiness assessment standard tool with local adaptations. We defined facility readiness along six domains: basic equipment, essential services, diagnostic capacity, NCD trainings, counseling services, and essential medicines. For each domain, an index as the mean score of items expressed as percentage was calculated. Results: The results highlight important gaps in service delivery that are obstacles to universal access to health services. Overall, among all health facilities offering service for NCDs, the availability of diagnosis and/or management of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cervical cancer were 89%, 77%, 44%, and 25%, respectively. Of all the health facilities that were providing screening or management of cervical cancer, none of them had all four items. Conclusion: The study found that the existing level of service preparedness and accessibility for NCDs at health-care institutions is inadequate and requires improvement. Some health facilities had poorer rankings as a result of inadequate drug supplies, a lack of skilled staff, and a lack of advice on NCD screening and treatment. Therefore, an emphasis on infrastructure, services, and health-care workers ready for NCD services is necessary to ensure efficacy.
{"title":"Status of service delivery for major noncommunicable diseases at health facilities: Service availability and readiness assessment in Manimajra block, UT Chandigarh","authors":"JS Thakur, Ria Nangia","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_71_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_71_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To attain the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, an urgent action is required, directed by the global action plan for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) which contributed to 73% of worldwide deaths in 2017. The ability and limitations in primary care to meet the rising burden of NCDs remain unknown, nevertheless. The goal of this study was to evaluate the availability of primary health care facilities and their preparedness for NCDs in one block of UT Chandigarh. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 10 health facilities in Manimajra block of UT Chandigarh using the World Health Organization service availability and readiness assessment standard tool with local adaptations. We defined facility readiness along six domains: basic equipment, essential services, diagnostic capacity, NCD trainings, counseling services, and essential medicines. For each domain, an index as the mean score of items expressed as percentage was calculated. Results: The results highlight important gaps in service delivery that are obstacles to universal access to health services. Overall, among all health facilities offering service for NCDs, the availability of diagnosis and/or management of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cervical cancer were 89%, 77%, 44%, and 25%, respectively. Of all the health facilities that were providing screening or management of cervical cancer, none of them had all four items. Conclusion: The study found that the existing level of service preparedness and accessibility for NCDs at health-care institutions is inadequate and requires improvement. Some health facilities had poorer rankings as a result of inadequate drug supplies, a lack of skilled staff, and a lack of advice on NCD screening and treatment. Therefore, an emphasis on infrastructure, services, and health-care workers ready for NCD services is necessary to ensure efficacy.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136006280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shubhima Grover, Seem A Jain, S. Narang, Rachna Gupta, S. Garg, D. Sharma
Background: Studies indicate that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients may have increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. The role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) have been implicated in cognitive dysfunction in several diseases. However, their role in COPD patients in this domain has not been explored. This study was undertaken to evaluate correlation between serum 25(OH) D and VDBP levels with cognitive function in COPD patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven stable COPD patient and 33 healthy controls were recruited. Cognitive function was assessed for both the groups using the Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE) cognitive test. Serum 25(OH) D and VDBP levels were estimated using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: COPD patients had significantly lower HMSE scores (25 vs. 29, P < 0.0001) as compared to the controls. Cognitive impairment was present in 25.53% (n = 12) of the COPD patients in comparison to none of the controls (P = 0.001). Serum 25(OH)D and VDBP levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. 65.96% of the COPD cases and 72.73% of the controls had Vitamin D deficiency. Serum biomarkers did not correlate with the HMSE scores. In multilinear regression model presence of COPD, lower education status and higher smoking index were found to be predictors of lower HMSE scores in the study participants. Conclusion: COPD patients were found to have lower HMSE scores than the controls. However, serum 25(OH) D or VDBP levels were not correlated with cognitive function in COPD patients. Further, cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke could be an independent risk factor for cognitive decline.
{"title":"Evaluation of cognitive function, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and Vitamin D binding protein levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study","authors":"Shubhima Grover, Seem A Jain, S. Narang, Rachna Gupta, S. Garg, D. Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_70_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_70_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies indicate that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients may have increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. The role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) have been implicated in cognitive dysfunction in several diseases. However, their role in COPD patients in this domain has not been explored. This study was undertaken to evaluate correlation between serum 25(OH) D and VDBP levels with cognitive function in COPD patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven stable COPD patient and 33 healthy controls were recruited. Cognitive function was assessed for both the groups using the Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE) cognitive test. Serum 25(OH) D and VDBP levels were estimated using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: COPD patients had significantly lower HMSE scores (25 vs. 29, P < 0.0001) as compared to the controls. Cognitive impairment was present in 25.53% (n = 12) of the COPD patients in comparison to none of the controls (P = 0.001). Serum 25(OH)D and VDBP levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. 65.96% of the COPD cases and 72.73% of the controls had Vitamin D deficiency. Serum biomarkers did not correlate with the HMSE scores. In multilinear regression model presence of COPD, lower education status and higher smoking index were found to be predictors of lower HMSE scores in the study participants. Conclusion: COPD patients were found to have lower HMSE scores than the controls. However, serum 25(OH) D or VDBP levels were not correlated with cognitive function in COPD patients. Further, cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke could be an independent risk factor for cognitive decline.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"14 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42551004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editor, Thanks for your interest in our recently published systematic review.[1] We appreciate your concern about missing the study on the effectiveness of a school-based educational intervention to improve hypertension control among schoolteachers in Kerala state of India.[2] Although we did try to include all the studies published during the period as mentioned in the review by following a systematic search strategy. We went through your paper and your study is a very well-conducted study, however the probable reason for missing the study could be that neither the title nor the key words included nurse-led or nurse-facilitated intervention. Hence, the article did not appear in our systematic search. In case of any subsequent review, we will definitely give an opportunity to the article. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
{"title":"Response to letter to editor","authors":"Kavita Kavita","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_56_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_56_23","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, Thanks for your interest in our recently published systematic review.[1] We appreciate your concern about missing the study on the effectiveness of a school-based educational intervention to improve hypertension control among schoolteachers in Kerala state of India.[2] Although we did try to include all the studies published during the period as mentioned in the review by following a systematic search strategy. We went through your paper and your study is a very well-conducted study, however the probable reason for missing the study could be that neither the title nor the key words included nurse-led or nurse-facilitated intervention. Hence, the article did not appear in our systematic search. In case of any subsequent review, we will definitely give an opportunity to the article. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136003676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among all noncommunicable diseases, hypertension is the leading cause of death and also a major threat globally. Low-and middle-income countries such as India have higher rates of undiagnosed hypertension since majority of the hypertensive individuals are asymptomatic. This study aimed to estimate the burden of undiagnosed hypertension and its association with various factors using the SAGE Wave-2 dataset. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used and present as an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 1516 (21.3% [95% CI: 20.4–22.3]) were found to have undiagnosed hypertension and higher predilection among urban females and increases with age. Regular screening is crucial to identify individuals with hypertension who remain undiagnosed, particularly as they get older.
{"title":"Uncovering the hidden epidemic: Prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed hypertension among older adults in India","authors":"Sanghamitra Pati, Ritik Agrawal, Abhinav Sinha, Jogesh Murmu, Srikanta Kanungo","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_69_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_69_23","url":null,"abstract":"Among all noncommunicable diseases, hypertension is the leading cause of death and also a major threat globally. Low-and middle-income countries such as India have higher rates of undiagnosed hypertension since majority of the hypertensive individuals are asymptomatic. This study aimed to estimate the burden of undiagnosed hypertension and its association with various factors using the SAGE Wave-2 dataset. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used and present as an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 1516 (21.3% [95% CI: 20.4–22.3]) were found to have undiagnosed hypertension and higher predilection among urban females and increases with age. Regular screening is crucial to identify individuals with hypertension who remain undiagnosed, particularly as they get older.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SusanAtieno Onyango, LaurentA. Cleenewerck de Kiev, Moyosola Bamidele, DenisAkankunda Bwesigye
Background and Aims: There is a high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), low knowledge of the risk factors, a weak surveillance system, and no known tool for patient self-risk assessment in resource-limited settings. The study assessed the contribution of a novel tool for the improvement of the knowledge level of NCD risk factors. Methodology: This intervention study in a primary health-care facility in Kenya involved 1595 people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged 18–69 years. The study developed a tool based on NCD risk factors and used it as educational material. Baseline data were collected using the World Health Organization step-wise approach to surveillance. Results: The median age in years (interquartile range) was 41 (25–50), and females were 65.9%. The ability to conduct self-risk assessment rose from 2.1% to 57.1% after education. Knowledge of risk factors had a mean score of 0.9 and 0.3 for hypertension and diabetes, respectively, before education. Scores increased to 4.4 and 4.3, respectively, after the intervention. There was a significant difference in the means with a P = 0.00 after education. Conclusion: PLHIV in Kenya lacks knowledge of self-risk assessment and risk factors. The tool can improve knowledge of NCD risk factors. The integration of this tool into the routine HIV standard package of care is crucial as part of surveillance in preventing and controlling NCDs.
{"title":"Can a self-risk assessment tool improve knowledge of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases? Use of a novel tool among people living with HIV in Kenya","authors":"SusanAtieno Onyango, LaurentA. Cleenewerck de Kiev, Moyosola Bamidele, DenisAkankunda Bwesigye","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_62_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_62_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: There is a high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), low knowledge of the risk factors, a weak surveillance system, and no known tool for patient self-risk assessment in resource-limited settings. The study assessed the contribution of a novel tool for the improvement of the knowledge level of NCD risk factors. Methodology: This intervention study in a primary health-care facility in Kenya involved 1595 people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged 18–69 years. The study developed a tool based on NCD risk factors and used it as educational material. Baseline data were collected using the World Health Organization step-wise approach to surveillance. Results: The median age in years (interquartile range) was 41 (25–50), and females were 65.9%. The ability to conduct self-risk assessment rose from 2.1% to 57.1% after education. Knowledge of risk factors had a mean score of 0.9 and 0.3 for hypertension and diabetes, respectively, before education. Scores increased to 4.4 and 4.3, respectively, after the intervention. There was a significant difference in the means with a P = 0.00 after education. Conclusion: PLHIV in Kenya lacks knowledge of self-risk assessment and risk factors. The tool can improve knowledge of NCD risk factors. The integration of this tool into the routine HIV standard package of care is crucial as part of surveillance in preventing and controlling NCDs.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geetu Singh, R. Agrawal, Neelika Tripathi, A. Verma
Introduction: The aim of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to reduce global obesity to 2010 levels by 2025 is threatened by the increasing number of overweight and obese Indians and country's population size. Objectives: This study was planned with the objectives to determine the trends of prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity in India over one and a half decade (2005–2021) using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) (3, 4, and 5) and probably first analysis to describe waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as an indicator of obesity in large population. Methods: The outcome measures, for assessing overweight and obesity were the body mass index (BMI) by using WHO classifications (overweight/obese defined by BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Results: Our analysis showed that in the 15-year period, the repeated Indian NFHS recorded the combined prevalence of overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) among women (15 and 49 years) and men (15 and 49 years) increased from 12.6% to 24% and 9.3% to 22.9% respectively. All the northern, western, southern, eastern, and north-eastern states have shown a rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in males and females in NFHS-5 since NFHS-3. The rise in rural areas is appreciable much, in women from 8.6% (NFHS-3) to 19.7% (NFHS-5) and in men from 7.3% (NFHS-3) to 19.3% (NFHS-5). The highest WHR was observed among the women (both urban and rural) of Jammu and Kashmir followed by Ladakh. Conclusion: The results underline the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity in both men and women across both urban and rural regions of India. Policymakers should timely have solutions for this growing problem to reduce burden on health-care system.
{"title":"Overweight and obesity, the clock ticking in India? A secondary analysis of trends of prevalence, patterns, and predictors from 2005 to 2020 using the National Family Health Survey","authors":"Geetu Singh, R. Agrawal, Neelika Tripathi, A. Verma","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_58_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_58_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to reduce global obesity to 2010 levels by 2025 is threatened by the increasing number of overweight and obese Indians and country's population size. Objectives: This study was planned with the objectives to determine the trends of prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity in India over one and a half decade (2005–2021) using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) (3, 4, and 5) and probably first analysis to describe waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as an indicator of obesity in large population. Methods: The outcome measures, for assessing overweight and obesity were the body mass index (BMI) by using WHO classifications (overweight/obese defined by BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Results: Our analysis showed that in the 15-year period, the repeated Indian NFHS recorded the combined prevalence of overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) among women (15 and 49 years) and men (15 and 49 years) increased from 12.6% to 24% and 9.3% to 22.9% respectively. All the northern, western, southern, eastern, and north-eastern states have shown a rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in males and females in NFHS-5 since NFHS-3. The rise in rural areas is appreciable much, in women from 8.6% (NFHS-3) to 19.7% (NFHS-5) and in men from 7.3% (NFHS-3) to 19.3% (NFHS-5). The highest WHR was observed among the women (both urban and rural) of Jammu and Kashmir followed by Ladakh. Conclusion: The results underline the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity in both men and women across both urban and rural regions of India. Policymakers should timely have solutions for this growing problem to reduce burden on health-care system.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"31 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45273897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A prospective study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of learning from an online public health course (6th International Course on Public Health Approaches to Noncommunicable Diseases) among participants from India. The knowledge significantly improved after attending the online public health practice course (P < 0.05) and remained without any significant change over the period of time till 6 months after the online course (P = 0.988). Majority of the respondents were applying the learnings from the course in their program management (64.7%–89.3%). Online delivery of public health courses in India has shown to improve knowledge and maintain the acquired knowledge.
{"title":"Effectiveness of an online public health course: A prospective evaluation study from India","authors":"A. Gandhi, Ria Nangia, J. Thakur","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_92_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_92_22","url":null,"abstract":"A prospective study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of learning from an online public health course (6th International Course on Public Health Approaches to Noncommunicable Diseases) among participants from India. The knowledge significantly improved after attending the online public health practice course (P < 0.05) and remained without any significant change over the period of time till 6 months after the online course (P = 0.988). Majority of the respondents were applying the learnings from the course in their program management (64.7%–89.3%). Online delivery of public health courses in India has shown to improve knowledge and maintain the acquired knowledge.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"58 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41527220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asbestos, silica, chromium (Cr), and nickel are among the most common and serious occupational hazards to worker’s health. Although its association with lung cancer has been studied for many decades, the conclusion remains somewhat controversial. The objective was to review and summarize the epidemiological evidence on the relationship between occupational exposure and risk of lung cancer and to provide an update on this major occupational health concern. Eligible studies up to September 1, 2021 were identified. Pooled effect estimates were calculated according to the reported outcome and the study design. Cohort, cross-sectional, and case control were examined separately. Studies reporting standardized mortality ratio (SMR), standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and odds ratio (OR) were analyzed separately. Due to the significant amount of heterogeneity expected, random effects models were implemented. Subgroup analysis was performed in an attempt to explain heterogeneity. The risk of lung cancer was found to be elevated in among the included studies. The pooled SMR was 1.55 (1.44–1.68). The pooled SIR was 1.55 (1.37–1.75). The pooled OR was 1.29 (1.22–1.37). After doing subgroup analysis for different carcinogens, the pooled SMR of asbestos, silica, and Cr is 1.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–1.96), 1.16 (95% CI 0.99–1.36), 1.76 (95% CI 1.43–2.17), respectively. For nickel, there was only one study. The risk estimates in each category were highly statistically significant (P < 0.00001). A positive exposure-response relation was found between exposure and risk of lung cancer. The results of our meta-analysis supported the carcinogenic role of silica, asbestos, Cr and nickel on the lungs, which was more pronounced at higher levels of exposure. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis reinforce the urgent need for robust monitoring of the exposure to occupational health risks and evaluation of the evidence supporting causal effects for each occupational risk-outcome pair.
石棉、二氧化硅、铬(Cr)和镍是对工人健康最常见和最严重的职业危害。虽然它与肺癌的关系已经被研究了几十年，但结论仍然有些争议。目的是审查和总结关于职业接触与肺癌风险之间关系的流行病学证据，并提供有关这一主要职业健康问题的最新情况。确定了截至2021年9月1日的符合条件的研究。根据报告的结果和研究设计计算综合效应估计。分别对队列、横断面和病例对照进行检查。分别分析报告标准化死亡率(SMR)、标准化发病率(SIR)和优势比(OR)的研究。由于预期存在大量异质性，我们采用了随机效应模型。进行亚组分析，试图解释异质性。在纳入的研究中，发现肺癌的风险升高。合并SMR为1.55(1.44-1.68)。合计SIR为1.55(1.37 ~ 1.75)。合并OR为1.29(1.22-1.37)。在对不同致癌物进行亚组分析后，石棉、二氧化硅和铬的总SMR分别为1.73(95%可信区间(CI) 1.53-1.96)、1.16 (95% CI 0.99-1.36)、1.76 (95% CI 1.43-2.17)。对于镍，只有一项研究。各类别的风险估计值具有高度统计学意义(P < 0.00001)。暴露与肺癌风险呈正暴露-反应关系。我们的荟萃分析结果支持二氧化硅、石棉、铬和镍对肺部的致癌作用，这种作用在较高的暴露水平下更为明显。本系统综述和荟萃分析的发现强化了对职业健康风险暴露进行强有力监测和评估每个职业风险-结果对支持因果效应的证据的迫切需要。
{"title":"Exposure to occupational carcinogens and risk of lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"JS Thakur, Anjali Rana, Rajbir Kaur, Samir Malhotra","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_50_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_50_23","url":null,"abstract":"Asbestos, silica, chromium (Cr), and nickel are among the most common and serious occupational hazards to worker’s health. Although its association with lung cancer has been studied for many decades, the conclusion remains somewhat controversial. The objective was to review and summarize the epidemiological evidence on the relationship between occupational exposure and risk of lung cancer and to provide an update on this major occupational health concern. Eligible studies up to September 1, 2021 were identified. Pooled effect estimates were calculated according to the reported outcome and the study design. Cohort, cross-sectional, and case control were examined separately. Studies reporting standardized mortality ratio (SMR), standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and odds ratio (OR) were analyzed separately. Due to the significant amount of heterogeneity expected, random effects models were implemented. Subgroup analysis was performed in an attempt to explain heterogeneity. The risk of lung cancer was found to be elevated in among the included studies. The pooled SMR was 1.55 (1.44–1.68). The pooled SIR was 1.55 (1.37–1.75). The pooled OR was 1.29 (1.22–1.37). After doing subgroup analysis for different carcinogens, the pooled SMR of asbestos, silica, and Cr is 1.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–1.96), 1.16 (95% CI 0.99–1.36), 1.76 (95% CI 1.43–2.17), respectively. For nickel, there was only one study. The risk estimates in each category were highly statistically significant (P < 0.00001). A positive exposure-response relation was found between exposure and risk of lung cancer. The results of our meta-analysis supported the carcinogenic role of silica, asbestos, Cr and nickel on the lungs, which was more pronounced at higher levels of exposure. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis reinforce the urgent need for robust monitoring of the exposure to occupational health risks and evaluation of the evidence supporting causal effects for each occupational risk-outcome pair.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136003666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: The experience of pain is a pivotal issue in the management of cancer. It has a detrimental impact on the overall well-being of the patients. Psychological management of pain remains an oblivious component of pain management in health-care facilities. The main aim of the study was to explore the relationship between positive well-being variables positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning & accomplishment (PERMA) with pain perception in persons suffering from cancer pain and to investigate the usefulness of brief mindfulness-based intervention in reducing cancer pain. Methods: Single group quasi experimental pre-to postintervention design was employed and 30 adult participants of any gender diagnosed with any cancer except lung cancer with breathing difficulties reporting pain were recruited. The tools administered were Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (to screen the presence of any psychiatric illness) PERMA Profiler (only at baseline), Brief Pain Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised before the intervention and at 4 weeks following brief mindfulness-based intervention for cancer pain (BMBI-CP). Results: The findings indicate that among positive well-being variable (PERMA), the domain of relationship was found to be in a slightly higher range in comparison to other domains. There was a statistically significant difference found in the values of pain severity (t = 6.09, P < 0.01), pain interference (t = 7.79, P < 0.01), pain catastrophization (t = 4.68, P < 0.01), rumination (t = 5.20, P < 0.01), magnification (t = 3.03, P < 0.01), helplessness (t = 4.19, P < 0.01), and mindfulness traits (t = −2.82, P < 0.01) post intervention (BMBI-CP). Conclusion: Brief mindfulness-based intervention is useful in terms of the ease of delivery and managing psychological aspects of pain perception. Positive well-being variables are significantly associated with pain perception, which would help in the further therapeutic management of cancer pain.
背景与目的:疼痛的体验是癌症治疗的关键问题。这对病人的整体健康有不利的影响。在卫生保健设施中，疼痛的心理管理仍然是疼痛管理的一个被忽视的组成部分。本研究的主要目的是探讨积极的幸福感变量积极情绪，参与，关系，意义和成就(PERMA)与癌症疼痛患者的疼痛感知之间的关系，并探讨简短的正念干预对减轻癌症疼痛的有用性。方法:采用单组干预前至干预后准实验设计，招募30名除肺癌外诊断为任何癌症并报告疼痛的任何性别的成年参与者。使用的工具是迷你国际神经精神病学访谈(筛选任何精神疾病的存在)PERMA分析器(仅在基线)，简短疼痛量表，疼痛灾难量表，认知和情感正念量表-在干预前和在短暂的基于正念的癌症疼痛干预(BMBI-CP)后4周修订。结果:研究结果表明，在正向幸福感变量(PERMA)中，关系域的范围略高于其他域。干预后疼痛严重程度(t = 6.09, P < 0.01)、疼痛干扰(t = 7.79, P < 0.01)、疼痛灾难化(t = 4.68, P < 0.01)、反刍(t = 5.20, P < 0.01)、放大(t = 3.03, P < 0.01)、无助感(t = 4.19, P < 0.01)、正念特征(t = - 2.82, P < 0.01)的评分差异均有统计学意义。结论:简短的基于正念的干预在分娩和管理疼痛感知的心理方面是有用的。积极的幸福感变量与疼痛感知显着相关，这将有助于进一步治疗癌症疼痛的管理。
{"title":"Positive well-being and usefulness of brief mindfulness-based intervention for pain in cancer","authors":"ManojKumar Bajaj, Mudita Chaturvedi, GurvinderPal Singh, Sukanya Mitra","doi":"10.4103/jncd.jncd_23_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_23_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The experience of pain is a pivotal issue in the management of cancer. It has a detrimental impact on the overall well-being of the patients. Psychological management of pain remains an oblivious component of pain management in health-care facilities. The main aim of the study was to explore the relationship between positive well-being variables positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning & accomplishment (PERMA) with pain perception in persons suffering from cancer pain and to investigate the usefulness of brief mindfulness-based intervention in reducing cancer pain. Methods: Single group quasi experimental pre-to postintervention design was employed and 30 adult participants of any gender diagnosed with any cancer except lung cancer with breathing difficulties reporting pain were recruited. The tools administered were Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (to screen the presence of any psychiatric illness) PERMA Profiler (only at baseline), Brief Pain Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised before the intervention and at 4 weeks following brief mindfulness-based intervention for cancer pain (BMBI-CP). Results: The findings indicate that among positive well-being variable (PERMA), the domain of relationship was found to be in a slightly higher range in comparison to other domains. There was a statistically significant difference found in the values of pain severity (t = 6.09, P < 0.01), pain interference (t = 7.79, P < 0.01), pain catastrophization (t = 4.68, P < 0.01), rumination (t = 5.20, P < 0.01), magnification (t = 3.03, P < 0.01), helplessness (t = 4.19, P < 0.01), and mindfulness traits (t = −2.82, P < 0.01) post intervention (BMBI-CP). Conclusion: Brief mindfulness-based intervention is useful in terms of the ease of delivery and managing psychological aspects of pain perception. Positive well-being variables are significantly associated with pain perception, which would help in the further therapeutic management of cancer pain.","PeriodicalId":52935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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