Carbon Resources Conversion最新文献_第5页

Enhancement of biohythane production from palm oil mill effluent by Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum PSU-2 and methanogenic mixed cultures using a thermophilic two-ring bioreactor 热厌氧菌PSU-2和产甲烷混合培养在嗜热双环生物反应器中提高棕榈油厂废水中生物乙烷的产量

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100273

Supattra In-chan , Chonticha Mamimin , Nantharat Phruksaphithak , Sompong O-Thong

A novel thermophilic two-ring bioreactor was employed to produce biohythane from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum PSU-2 and thermophilic methanogenic mixed cultures. The reactor system demonstrated impressive performance, achieving hydrogen and methane yields of 113.3 ± 15.0 mL/g-VS and 473.0 ± 60.0 mL/g-VS, respectively, with a total biohythane composition of 4.3 % H₂, 37.1 % CO_2, and 58.6 % CH₄. The process exhibited high treatment efficiency, with COD and VS removal efficiencies reaching 93.7 % and 84.3 %, respectively. Microbial community analysis revealed the crucial roles of various microorganisms in the biohythane production process. Thermoclostridium sp., Thermoanaerobacterium sp., and Anaerobranca sp. were identified as key players in hydrogen production, while Bacteroides sp. and Methanobacterium sp. were found to be essential for methane production. The optimization of operating conditions, including pH (5.0–8.0), temperature (55 °C), and hydraulic retention time (2 d for H₂ and 10 d for CH₄), significantly enhanced biohythane production efficiency. The techno-economic analysis demonstrated the economic viability of the thermophilic two-ring bioreactor system, with a net present value of 4,186,000 USD, an internal rate of return of 82 %, and a payback period of 1.4 years. These findings highlight the potential of this innovative technology as a sustainable and economically attractive solution for treating POME and simultaneously producing renewable energy in the form of biohythane, contributing to the sustainable development of the palm oil industry and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

采用一种新型的嗜热双环生物反应器，利用嗜热厌氧菌PSU-2和嗜热产甲烷菌混合培养物从棕榈油厂废水中生产生物乙烷。该反应器系统表现出令人印象深刻的性能，氢气和甲烷的产率分别为113.3±15.0 mL/g-VS和473.0±60.0 mL/g-VS，总生物乙烷组成为4.3% H2, 37.1% CO2和58.6% CH4。该工艺处理效果良好，COD去除率达93.7%，VS去除率达84.3%。微生物群落分析揭示了各种微生物在生物乙烷生产过程中的重要作用。热梭菌（Thermoclostridium sp.）、热厌氧细菌（thermoanaerobobacterium sp.）和厌氧支菌（Anaerobranca sp.）是产氢的关键菌，拟杆菌（Bacteroides sp.）和甲烷细菌（Methanobacterium sp.）是产甲烷的必需菌。优化pH（5.0 ~ 8.0）、温度（55℃）、水力滞留时间（H2滞留2 d、CH4滞留10 d），显著提高了生物乙烷的生产效率。技术经济分析表明，该亲热双环生物反应器系统具有经济可行性，净现值为418.6万美元，内部收益率为82%，投资回收期为1.4年。这些发现突出表明，这一创新技术具有潜力，可以作为一种可持续的、经济上具有吸引力的解决方案，用于处理POME，同时以生物乙烷的形式生产可再生能源，有助于棕榈油工业的可持续发展和减少温室气体排放。

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引用次数: 0

A multi reaction kinetic model to describe the enzymatic transesterification reaction of jatropha oil using a fermented solid containing lipases 用含脂肪酶的发酵固体描述麻疯树油酶促酯交换反应的多反应动力学模型

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100272

Diana D. Alcalá-Galiano-Morell , Luis B. Ramos-Sánchez , Patrick Fickers , Evelyn Romero-Borbón , Néstor D. Ortega-de la Rosa , Jesús Córdova

The advancement of more precise tools for sustainable process design in enzymatic biodiesel synthesis from renewable sources is crucial. Kinetics of solvent-free transesterification reactions were conducted across a temperature spectrum from 30 °C to 60 °C, utilizing Jatropha curcas oil (T_G) and ethanol as substrates, alongside a fermented solid by Rhizopus homothallicus as the biocatalyst. The dynamics of chemical species concentrations were monitored through High-performance Thin-Layer Chromatography. Maximum productivities were achieved at 35 °C and 60 °C for biodiesel (293.24 and 299.02 g kg biocat⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively), at 40 °C for diglycerides (1018.36 g kg biocat⁻¹ h⁻¹), and at 35 °C for monoglycerides (560.75 g kg biocat⁻¹ h⁻¹). Maximum yields were determined at 30 °C for fatty acid ethyl esters (0.56 g gT_G⁻¹), and at 40 °C for diglycerides (0.53 g gT_G⁻¹) and monoglycerides (0.30 g gT_G⁻¹). Based on the experimental findings, a kinetic model was formulated encompassing three reversible transesterification reactions. Individual reactions were structured following classical biochemical kinetics, inclusive of ethanol inhibition. Model fitting was executed through non-linear multivariable regression techniques, with the minimum of the average coefficient of variation of the residuals (ACV_R) serving as the objective function. The resulting fit of the kinetic model to the experimental data proved satisfactory, with an ACV_R of less than 5 % across all instances. Notably, the maximum biodiesel productivity, obtained in this work, represented the highest value, compared to other related studies, using a fermented solid as a biocatalyst.

更精确的工具的进步，可持续的过程设计酶合成生物柴油从可再生资源是至关重要的。在30 ~ 60℃的温度范围内，以麻疯树油（TG）和乙醇为底物，以同质根霉（Rhizopus homthallicus）发酵固体为生物催化剂，进行了无溶剂酯交换反应动力学研究。通过高效薄层色谱法监测化学物质浓度的动态变化。生物柴油在35°C和60°C的条件下（分别为293.24和299.02 g kg biocat - 1 h - 1），双甘油酯在40°C的条件下（1018.36 g kg biocat - 1 h - 1），单甘油酯在35°C的条件下（560.75 g kg biocat - 1 h - 1）达到最大生产率。在30°C时测定脂肪酸乙酯（0.56 g gTG−1）的最大产率，在40°C时测定二甘油酯（0.53 g gTG−1）和单甘油酯（0.30 g gTG−1）的最大产率。根据实验结果，建立了包含三个可逆酯交换反应的动力学模型。个体反应遵循经典生化动力学，包括乙醇抑制。采用非线性多变量回归技术进行模型拟合，以残差平均变异系数（ACVR）的最小值作为目标函数。动力学模型与实验数据的拟合结果令人满意，所有实例的ACVR均小于5%。值得注意的是，与使用发酵固体作为生物催化剂的其他相关研究相比，本研究中获得的最大生物柴油产量代表了最高的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Bimetallic NiSn supported on mesoporous carbon as an efficient catalyst for selective methanol synthesis from CO2 介孔碳负载双金属NiSn作为CO2选择性合成甲醇的高效催化剂

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100271

Graciella Stephanie Dwiningtyas , Iman Abdullah , Ryohei Doi , Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi

Global warming and climate change represent the most significant environmental challenges of the 21st century, primarily attributed to the rise in CO₂ emission in the atmosphere. Efforts to mitigate this increase involve exploring various methods to reduce CO₂ levels, with chemical reactions, such as hydrogenation, being a prominent approach. However, the stable and inert nature of CO₂ necessitates the use of catalysts to facilitate its conversion. In this research, NiSn nanoparticles with varying atomic ratios were deposited onto a mesoporous carbon support and subsequently utilized as catalysts for CO₂ conversion through hydrogenation reactions at ambient pressure. The diffraction patterns of NiSn/MC reveal peaks indicating the presence of a graphitic carbon structure and the existence of a nickel-tin alloy. SEM-EDX mapping and TEM characterization demonstrate the uniform dispersion of NiSn particles on the mesoporous carbon surface, without the formation of agglomerated particles. Catalytic hydrogenation reactions indicate that the atomic ratio of Ni:Sn significantly influences the catalyst activity and selectivity for methanol formation. Among the Ni_xSn_y/MC catalysts and monometallic Ni/MC, Sn/MC, and NiSn NPs without support, Ni₅Sn₁/MC demonstrated the highest CO₂ conversion of 39.9 %. Additionally, at a reaction temperature of 175 °C and a CO₂:H₂ gas ratio of 1:7, Ni₅Sn₁/MC exhibited a methanol yield of 86.31 mmol/g_cat, outperforming other catalysts in the study.

全球变暖和气候变化是21世纪最重大的环境挑战，其主要原因是大气中二氧化碳排放量的增加。减缓这种增长的努力包括探索各种方法来降低二氧化碳水平，化学反应，如氢化，是一个突出的方法。然而，二氧化碳的稳定性和惰性需要使用催化剂来促进其转化。在这项研究中，不同原子比的NiSn纳米颗粒被沉积在介孔碳载体上，随后被用作催化剂，在常压下通过加氢反应进行二氧化碳转化。NiSn/MC的衍射图显示了石墨碳结构和镍锡合金的存在。SEM-EDX成像和TEM表征表明NiSn颗粒在介孔碳表面均匀分散，没有形成团聚颗粒。催化加氢反应表明，Ni:Sn的原子比显著影响催化剂的活性和甲醇生成的选择性。在Ni5Sn1/MC催化剂和单金属Ni/MC、Sn/MC和NiSn NPs中，Ni5Sn1/MC的CO2转化率最高，为39.9%。此外，在175℃、CO2:H2气体比为1:7的条件下，Ni5Sn1/MC的甲醇产率为86.31 mmol/gcat，优于其他催化剂。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous improvement of fructophilicity and ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains through a single Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Strategy 通过单一适应性实验室进化策略同时提高酿酒酵母菌株的亲果性和乙醇耐受性

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100270

Maria Mavrommati , Christina N. Economou , Stamatina Kallithraka , Seraphim Papanikolaou , George Aggelis

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main yeast used in the winemaking industry. Its innate glucophilicity provokes a discrepancy in glucose and fructose consumption during alcoholic fermentation of grape must, which, combined with the inhibitory effect of ethanol accumulated in the fermentation broth, might lead to stuck or sluggish fermentations. In the present study, we realized an Adaptive Laboratory Evolution strategy, where an alcoholic fermentation of a 20 g/L fructose broth was followed by cell selection in a high ethanol concentration environment, employed in two different S. cerevisiae strains, named CFB and BLR. The evolved populations originated from each strain after 100 generations of evolution exhibited diverse fermentative abilities. One evolved population, originated from CFB strain, fermented a synthetic broth of 100 g/L glucose and 100 g/L fructose to dryness in 170 h, whereas the parental strain did not complete the fermentation even after 1000 h of incubation. The parameters of growth of the parental and evolved populations of the present study, as well as of the ethanol tolerant populations acquired in a previous study, when grown in a synthetic broth of 100 g/L glucose and 100 g/L fructose, were calculated through a kinetic model, and were compared to each other in order to identify the effect of evolution on the biochemical behavior of the strains. Finally, in a 200 g/L fructose synthetic broth fermentation, only the evolved population derived from CFB strain showed improved fermentative behavior than its parental strain.

酿酒酵母是酿酒工业中使用的主要酵母。其天生的嗜糖性导致葡萄汁在酒精发酵过程中葡萄糖和果糖消耗的差异，再加上发酵液中积累的乙醇的抑制作用，可能导致发酵停滞或缓慢。在本研究中，我们实现了一种适应性实验室进化策略，即在20 g/L的果糖肉汤中进行酒精发酵，然后在高浓度乙醇环境中进行细胞选择，采用两种不同的酿酒葡萄球菌菌株CFB和BLR。经过100代的进化，每个菌株产生的进化群体表现出不同的发酵能力。源自CFB菌株的一个进化群体在170小时内将100 g/L葡萄糖和100 g/L果糖的合成肉汤发酵至干燥，而亲本菌株在孵育1000小时后仍未完成发酵。通过动力学模型计算本研究亲本群体和进化群体以及先前研究获得的乙醇耐受群体在100 g/L葡萄糖和100 g/L果糖的合成肉汤中生长的参数，并相互比较，以确定进化对菌株生化行为的影响。最后，在200 g/L的果糖合成肉汤发酵中，只有CFB菌株衍生的进化群体的发酵行为比其亲本菌株有所改善。

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引用次数: 0

Use of spent yeasts from bioethanol production plant as low-cost nitrogen sources for ethanol fermentation from sweet sorghum stem juice in low-cost bioreactors 利用生物乙醇生产工厂的废酵母作为低成本氮源，在低成本生物反应器中对甜高粱茎汁进行乙醇发酵

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100269

Thanawat Thanapornsin , Rattanaporn Phongsri , Lakkana Laopaiboon , Pattana Laopaiboon

Two spent yeasts from an ethanol production plant, spent yeast after distillation (SY-AD) and spent yeast after fermentation (SY-AF), were used as low-cost nitrogen sources for ethanol fermentation from sweet sorghum stem juice (SSJ) by a commercial dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in air-locked flasks. SY-AF was the more effective nitrogen source for ethanol fermentation, giving ethanol concentration (P_E) and ethanol productivity (Q_E) values of 95.22 g/L and 1.98 g/L·h, respectively. When SY-AF was disrupted by autolysis, and the spent yeast hydrolysate (SYH) obtained was used as a nitrogen supplement. It was found that ethanol production in terms of P_E and Q_E values increased to 102.20 g/L and 2.83 g/L·h, respectively. When three bioreactors, a stirred-tank bioreactor (STR, a typical bioreactor), a column bioreactor with stirrer (CS-R, a tower bioreactor) and an external loop bioreactor (ELR, a low-cost bioreactor with no agitation), were used for ethanol production from the SSJ supplemented with SYH, the fermentation efficiencies of all bioreactors were not different. Appropriate aeration during fermentation (0.31 vvm for 12 h) in the three bioreactors could enhance the Q_E value, reaching 3.36 g/L·h. Both the CR-S and ELR could be successfully used for ethanol production from SSJ supplemented with SYH.

以某乙醇生产工厂的两种废酵母，即蒸馏后废酵母（SY-AD）和发酵后废酵母（SY-AF）作为低成本氮源，利用商业干酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）在密闭烧瓶中发酵甜高粱茎汁（SSJ）。SY-AF是更有效的乙醇发酵氮源，其乙醇浓度（PE）和乙醇产率（QE）分别为95.22 g/L和1.98 g/L·h。当SY-AF被自溶破坏时，得到的酵母废水解液（SYH）用作氮补充物。结果表明，PE和QE值分别提高到102.20 g/L和2.83 g/L·h。采用搅拌槽生物反应器（STR，典型的生物反应器）、带搅拌柱生物反应器（CS-R，塔式生物反应器）和外环生物反应器（ELR，无搅拌的低成本生物反应器）3个生物反应器，从SSJ中添加SYH生产乙醇，所有生物反应器的发酵效率没有差异。发酵过程中适当曝气（0.31 vvm, 12 h）可提高QE值，达到3.36 g/L·h。CR-S和ELR都可以成功地用于SSJ添加SYH生产乙醇。

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引用次数: 0

Utilization of agro-industrial byproducts as low-cost nutrient sources for production of kefiran and lactic acid by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens 利用农用工业副产品作为低成本营养源，通过克菲兰乳酸杆菌生产克菲兰和乳酸

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100268

Apisara Iadcharoen , Benjamas Cheirsilp , Jariya Ruangwicha , Sirasit Srinuanpan , Sompong O-Thong

Kefiran is an exopolysaccharide derived from kefir grains that has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The high production cost of kefiran is primarily attributed to the expensive fermentation media. Therefore, the use of byproducts from agro-industries could present an economically favorable alternative. In this study, locally available mature coconut water (MCW) and whey lactose (WL) were used as cost-effective nutrient sources for kefiran production by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens JCM 6985. MCW gave a higher yield of kefiran and acid than WL and was comparable to the commercial medium. The optimal sugar concentration for kefiran and acid production from MCW was 30 g/L, and the pH control during cultivation could alleviate the inhibitory effect of acidic pH and enhance kefiran and acid production. When the MCW was added with yeast extract at 3 g-nitrogen/L, the kefiran and acid production increased up to 3.26 ± 0.03 g/L and 15.5 ± 0.7 g/L, respectively. Moreover, the kefiran and acid production was scaled up in the bioreactor and enhanced by the repeated-batch cultivation for six cycles. The structure analysis indicated that kefiran produced by L. kefiranofaciens when using MCW had a similar structure to that extracted from kefir grains. The findings demonstrate promising methods for cost-effective production of kefiran and lactic acid using inexpensive nutrient sources such as MCW.

开非尔酸是一种从开非尔颗粒中提取的外多糖，具有抗氧化和抗菌特性。kefiran的高生产成本主要是由于昂贵的发酵培养基。因此，利用农产工业的副产品可能是一种经济上有利的选择。本研究以当地成熟的椰子水（MCW）和乳清乳糖（WL）作为成本效益较好的营养来源，通过kefiranofaciens JCM 6985生产kefiran。MCW的丙酮酸产率高于WL，与工业培养基相当。MCW产酸、产酸的最佳糖浓度为30 g/L，培养过程中控制pH可以缓解酸性pH的抑制作用，提高kefiran的产酸能力。在培养基中添加3 g-n /L的酵母浸膏时，发酵产物的产酸量增加，分别达到3.26±0.03 g/L和15.5±0.7 g/L。此外，在生物反应器中扩大了丙酮和酸的产量，并通过六个循环的重复分批培养提高了产量。结构分析表明，L. kefiranofaciens在使用MCW时产生的开菲尔菌与从开菲尔颗粒中提取的开菲尔菌具有相似的结构。这一发现证明了利用廉价的营养来源（如MCW）生产具有成本效益的乳酸菌和乳酸的有希望的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Chemically activated carbons derived from cashew nut shells as potential electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors 从腰果壳中提取的化学活性炭作为电化学超级电容器的潜在电极材料

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100267

Nattapat Chaiammart , Veeramuthu Vignesh , Myo Myo Thu , Apiluck Eiad-ua , Thandavarayan Maiyalagan , Gasidit Panomsuwan

Supercapacitors are widely recognized as energy storage solutions due to their high power densities and long cycle lives. Furthermore, there is growing scientific and technological interest in converting biomass waste into carbon materials for manufacturing supercapacitor electrodes. In addition to their abundance and cost-effectiveness, the appeal of carbons derived from biomass lies in their tunable porosity, which enables the rational design of carbon materials to achieve the desired performance of supercapacitors. Here, we present the synthesis of activated carbons from cashew nut shells via potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation at different temperatures (650, 750, and 850 °C). The resulting materials exhibited amorphous and predominant microporous structures. Increasing the activation temperature led to a rise in specific surface area from 1534 to 2034 m² g⁻¹ and an increased proportion of mesopores. The electrochemical properties of these activated carbons for supercapacitor applications were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and impedance spectroscopic techniques in a 1 M sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) electrolyte. Using a three-electrode system, the activated carbons treated at 750 °C exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 106 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹ with a good rate capability; they retained 75 % at 10 A g⁻¹ over a 1.0 V voltage window. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor coin-cell, fabricated with activated carbons treated at 750 °C as the positive and negative electrodes, demonstrated an energy density of 2.43 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 1002 W kg⁻¹. The cell exhibited 87 % capacitance retention at 1.0 A g⁻¹ after 10,000 cycles. This work showcases the efficient and sustainable utilization of cashew nut shells as a carbon source for supercapacitor applications and highlights their value in a circular economy.

超级电容器因其高功率密度和长循环寿命而被广泛认为是储能解决方案。此外，将生物质废物转化为制造超级电容器电极的碳材料的科学和技术兴趣日益浓厚。除了丰度和成本效益外，生物质碳的吸引力还在于其可调节的孔隙度，这使得碳材料的合理设计能够实现超级电容器的预期性能。本文以腰果壳为原料，在650、750和850℃的不同温度下，通过氢氧化钾（KOH）活化合成了活性炭。所得材料表现出非晶和微孔结构。随着活化温度的升高，材料的比表面积从1534 m2 g−1增加到2034 m2 g−1，介孔比例增加。采用循环伏安法、恒流充放电法和阻抗光谱技术，在1 M硫酸钠（Na2SO4）电解液中研究了这些超级电容器用活性炭的电化学性能。采用三电极体系，750℃处理后的活性炭在0.5 a g−1电流密度下的最大比电容为106 F g−1，具有良好的倍率性能；在1.0 V电压窗口下，在10a g−1下，它们保留了75%。此外，以750℃活性炭为正极和负极制备的对称超级电容器硬币电池，在1002 W kg - 1的功率密度下，其能量密度为2.43 Wh kg - 1。在1.0 A g−1下循环10000次后，电池的电容保持率为87%。这项工作展示了腰果壳作为超级电容器应用的碳源的高效和可持续利用，并突出了它们在循环经济中的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Pyrolysis of biomass to produce H-rich gas facilitated by simultaneously occurring magnesite decomposition 同时发生的菱镁矿分解促进生物质热解以产生富含 H 的气体

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100265

Mengjuan Zhang , Cong Zhang , Binwenbo Zhu , Chao Wang , Xin Jia , Guoqing Guan , Xi Zeng , Erfeng Hu , Zhennan Han , Guangwen Xu

This study investigated how biomass pyrolysis varies with the different fractions of magnesite mixing into biomass. The pyrolysis occurred with simultaneous decomposition of magnesite without use of any gasification reagent, and was analyzed in terms of producer gas yield and quality. As magnesite fraction increased from 0 to 30 %, the yield of producer gas and its calorific value increased from 48.6 % to 66.3 % and 8.29 to 8.93 MJ/Nm³, respectively. The carbon and hydrogen conversion increased from 44.1 % to 60.7 % and 43.1 % to 66.2 %, respectively. The characterization results revealed that magnesite particles facilitated the conversion of fixed carbon and the thermal/catalytic cracking of tar to produce H-rich gas. The in-situ generated CO₂ from magnesite decomposition could be reduced to CO/CH₄ in the reductive atmosphere of the pyrolysis products. This study proposes the concept of converting low-energy–density biomass into gas without oxygen and provides a novel approach for producing H-rich gas from biomass.

本研究考察了不同菱镁矿加入量对生物质热解的影响。在不使用任何气化剂的情况下，在菱镁矿同时分解过程中进行热解，并对产气率和质量进行了分析。当菱镁矿馏分由0增加到30%时，产气产率和热值分别由48.6%和8.29提高到66.3%和8.93 MJ/Nm3。碳和氢的转化率分别从44.1%提高到60.7%和43.1%提高到66.2%。表征结果表明，菱镁矿颗粒促进了固定碳的转化和焦油的热裂解/催化裂解生成富氢气。菱镁矿分解生成的CO2在热解产物的还原性气氛中被还原为CO/CH4。本研究提出了将低能量密度生物质转化为无氧气体的概念，为生物质生产富氢气体提供了一种新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Developments and challenges on enhancement of photocatalytic CO2 reduction through photocatalysis 通过光催化增强光催化二氧化碳还原的发展与挑战

IF 6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100263

Haiquan Wang , Qingjie Guo , Hongyan Zhang , Cheng Zuo

The conversion of CO₂ into high-value fuels and chemicals has garnered research interest worldwide. The conversion and utilization of CO₂ has become one of the most urgent tasks for society. In this context, using solar energy to convert CO₂ into high-value fuels such as CH₄ and CH₃OH has extremely high potential application value. Herein, the research progress and results of applying various photocatalysts in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction with various novel catalysts were reviewed. Furthermore, strategies for improving photocatalytic performance were reviewed. Finally, improving the catalytic mechanism of catalysts and designing novel high-activity, high-stability catalysts through comprehensive exploration of the reaction mechanism were suggested to meet the future requirements of industrial production.

将二氧化碳转化为高价值的燃料和化学品已引起全世界的研究兴趣。二氧化碳的转化和利用已成为社会最紧迫的任务之一。在此背景下，利用太阳能将 CO2 转化为 CH4 和 CH3OH 等高价值燃料具有极高的潜在应用价值。本文综述了利用各种新型催化剂光催化还原二氧化碳的研究进展和成果。此外，还综述了提高光催化性能的策略。最后，通过对反应机理的全面探索，提出了改进催化剂催化机理和设计新型高活性、高稳定性催化剂的建议，以满足未来工业生产的要求。

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the efficiency of high solid anaerobic digestion of empty fruit bunches under thermophilic conditions by particle size reduction and co-digestion with palm oil mill effluent 在嗜热条件下，通过减小粒径和与棕榈油厂污水共同消化，提高空果串的高固态厌氧消化效率

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100262

Sittikorn Saelor , Prawit Kongjan , Poonsuk Prasertsan , Chonticha Mamimin , Sompong O-Thong

This study investigates the impact of thermophilic high solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) on biogas production from empty fruit bunches (EFB), focusing on the effects of total solids (TS) loading (5–40 %), particle size reduction (0.5, 3.25, and 6 cm), and co-digestion with palm oil mill effluent (POME) (10–30 % VS basis). The HS-AD at a 15–20 % TS loading has a methane yield of 103.4–105.3 mL CH₄/g-VS with 24.6–25.1 % biodegradability. Particle size reduction to 0.5 cm enhanced methane yield by 54–61 % and improved hydrolysis rates by 45 % compared to the untreated EFB (6 cm) at a 15–20 % TS loading. Co-digestion of EFB with POME at a ratio of 31:1 based on VS basis led to a synergistic effect of 17.77 mL CH₄/g-VS, increasing methane yield by 24–46.5 % and improving process stability, as evidenced by a 22.8–38.1 % reduction in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation. Microbial community analysis showed a 2-fold increase in the relative abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanothermobacter sp. and Methanoculleus sp.) during co-digestion, while the abundance of key cellulolytic bacteria (Clostridium sp. and Fibrobacter sp.) increased by 1.5-fold. The optimized HS-AD process achieved a maximum methane yield of 287.77 mL CH₄/g-VS and a biodegradability of 61.2 % under thermophilic conditions, with a 20 % POME co-digestion addition (31:1 VS ratio) and 0.5 cm particle size. These findings demonstrate the potential of thermophilic HS-AD for the sustainable management of EFB and highlight the importance of process optimization and co-digestion strategies for enhanced biogas production from EFB.

本研究调查了嗜热高固相厌氧消化（HS-AD）对空果束（EFB）沼气生产的影响，重点研究了总固体（TS）负荷（5 - 40%）、颗粒尺寸减小（0.5、3.25和6 cm）以及与棕榈油厂废水（POME）共消化（10 - 30% VS基础）的影响。在15 - 20% TS负荷下，HS-AD的甲烷产率为103.4-105.3 mL CH4/g-VS，生物降解率为24.6 - 25.1%。在15 - 20%的TS负载下，与未处理的EFB （6 cm）相比，将粒径减小至0.5 cm可使甲烷产率提高54 - 61%，水解率提高45%。在VS基础上，EFB与POME以31:1的比例共消化，产生了17.77 mL CH4/g-VS的协同效应，甲烷产量提高了24 - 46.5%，挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）积累减少了22.8 - 38.1%，提高了工艺稳定性。微生物群落分析表明，在共消化过程中，氢营养产甲烷菌（Methanothermobacter sp.和Methanoculleus sp.）的相对丰度增加了2倍，而关键的纤维素分解细菌（Clostridium sp.和Fibrobacter sp.）的相对丰度增加了1.5倍。优化后的HS-AD工艺在POME共消化添加量为20% （VS比为31:1）、粒径为0.5 cm的条件下，甲烷产率最高为287.77 mL CH4/g-VS，生物降解率为61.2%。这些发现证明了嗜热HS-AD对EFB可持续管理的潜力，并强调了工艺优化和共消化策略对提高EFB沼气产量的重要性。

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