Carbon Resources Conversion最新文献_第4页

Microwaved-induced co-pyrolysis of used engine lubricant and palm empty fruit bunch for alternative fuel recovery 微波诱导的废发动机润滑油和棕榈空果束共热解用于替代燃料回收

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100300

Nivasini Paramasivam , Rubia Idris , Chooi Wen Tan , William Woei Fong Chong , Guo Ren Mong , Jahimin A. Asik , Atikah Ali , Nur Wahida Fatini Aidy , Fadzlita Mohd Tamiri , Siti Rahayu Mohd Hashim , Cheng Tung Chong

Alternative fuel recovery from used engine lubricant (UEL) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) was achieved through microwave co-pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis was chosen for its potential to improve the quality of pyrolytic oil by generating synergistic effects between two distinct feedstocks, reducing activation energy, and enhancing pyrolytic oil quality. The central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the temperature and EFB ratio. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was employed to characterise the heavy metal concentration in the pyrolytic oil. The optimised pyrolytic oil (UE450) produced the highest oil yield (25.17 wt%) with the lowest metal concentration at 450 °C with a 50 % EFB ratio. The fuel’s characteristics were similar to those of conventional diesel, with a higher value of HHV (45.17 MJ/kg). However, the oil was slightly acidic, with a pH of 4.3. GC–MS analysis of UE450 revealed the presence of alkanes and monoaromatic-rich hydrocarbons. Additionally, the UE450 biochar was characterised using FTIR, FESEM, and XRF. FTIR analysis showed that the carbonyl group (C = O) peaks at 1730 and 1440 cm⁻¹ disappeared, indicating that heavy metals were bound to the biochar surface. Likewise, XRF analysis of UE450 biochar revealed that zinc (Zn) exhibited a high metal adsorption capacity, following the sequence Zn > Fe > Pb (1.96, 1.06, and 0.81 mmol/g). The XRF results also indicated a significant removal of SO₃ at approximately 10.37 mmol/g.

利用微波共热解技术，实现了废发动机润滑油（UEL）和空果束（EFB）的替代燃料回收。选择共热解，是因为它可以在两种不同的原料之间产生协同效应，降低活化能，提高热解油的质量。采用响应面法（RSM）的中心复合设计（CCD）优化温度和EFB比。采用原子吸收光谱法（AAS）测定了热解油中重金属的含量。优化后的热解油（UE450）在450°C和50%的EFB比下，以最低的金属浓度产生最高的油收率（25.17 wt%）。该燃料的特性与传统柴油相似，HHV值更高（45.17 MJ/kg）。然而，这种油呈微酸性，pH值为4.3。GC-MS分析显示UE450中存在烷烃和富单芳烃。此外，使用FTIR， FESEM和XRF对UE450生物炭进行了表征。FTIR分析表明，在1730和1440 cm−1处羰基（C = O）峰消失，表明重金属被吸附在生物炭表面。同样，对UE450生物炭的XRF分析显示，锌（Zn）具有较高的金属吸附能力，其顺序为Zn >；菲比;铅（1.96、1.06和0.81 mmol/g）。XRF结果还表明，SO3的去除率约为10.37 mmol/g。

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引用次数: 0

Outside Back Cover 外封底

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2588-9133(24)00083-8

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous biomethane and hydrochar recovery from washed elephant dung: The effects of inoculum source, substrate to inoculum ratio, and hydrothermal temperature 从洗象粪中同时回收生物甲烷和烃类：接种物来源、底物与接种物比和热液温度的影响

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100297

Chayanon Sawatdeenarunat , Boonya Charnnok , Rojapun Nirunsin , Sumate Chaiprapat , Chen-Yeon Chu

This research aims to develop the appropriate biorefinery process integrating anaerobic digestion (AD) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to recover the highest energy from the pretreated elephant dung. Initially, the raw elephant dung was physically processed by washing with water to generate the liquid waste, i.e., washing water (WW), and solid waste, i.e., washed fiber (WF). The appropriate substrate-to-inoculum ratio (SIR) and the inoculum source of the AD of WW were determined and the HTC temperature of WF was also examined. The results indicated that the AD of WW with the SIR of 1:2 and anaerobically digested swine manure as the inoculum presented the highest methane and energy yields of 412.3 ± 9.9 N mL/g VS _added and 2,220.1 ± 53.03 MJ/ton dry wt., respectively. For HTC of WF, the optimum condition was the hydrothermal temperature of 170 °C at the residence time of 60 min. The highest hydrochar and energy yields were 76.8 % ± 1.9 % dry wt. and 12,067.0 ± 452.1 MJ/ton dry wt., respectively. Thus, this biorefinery process could simultaneously treat elephant camp-derived waste and produce clean energy.

本研究旨在开发厌氧消化（AD）和水热碳化（HTC）相结合的生物精炼工艺，以从预处理的大象粪便中回收最高的能量。最初，原始的大象粪便是通过用水洗涤的物理处理产生液体废物，即洗涤水（WW）和固体废物，即洗涤纤维（WF）。确定了WW菌株适宜的底物接种比（SIR）和接种源，并对WF菌株的HTC温度进行了测定。结果表明，以厌氧消化猪粪为接种物，添加SIR为1:2时，WW的甲烷和能量产量最高，分别为412.3±9.9 N mL/g VS和2220.1±53.03 MJ/t干wt。水热温度为170℃，停留时间为60 min，可获得最高的干wt为76.8%±1.9%，干wt为12067.0±452.1 MJ/t。因此，这种生物精炼过程可以同时处理大象营地产生的废物并产生清洁能源。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic gasification of a single coal char particle: An experimental and simulation study 单一煤炭颗粒的催化气化：实验和模拟研究

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100296

Zhuoran Liu , Xingjun Wang , Qian Chen , Hongxia Li , Qinghua Guo , Guangsuo Yu , Haifeng Liu , Fuchen Wang

The catalytic coal gasification technology has been widely researched and developed under the background of “Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals”. Currently, most of catalytic gasification experiments on coal char particles are analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). However, the gasification agent will be subject to diffusion resistance during the reaction because of the sample stacking, making the inherent reaction kinetics unclear. In this study, we investigated the catalytic gasification behavior of single-particle coal char using high temperature stage microscope (HTSM). With the diffusion resistance ruled out, the reaction conditions when using a HTSM are more similar to those inside a real industrial gasifier. Numerical models of the gasification reaction of single-particle coal char were further developed using the kinetic parameters obtained under HTSM. Three models were investigated, including regular spherical structured, irregular spherical structured and porous spherical structured models, representing different morphologies of coal char particles in the gasifier. The gasification characteristics of coal char particles under different K₂CO₃ catalyst loadings and gasification temperatures were also studied. Compared with the activation energies data of coal char particles without catalyst, the activation energies of coal char particles loaded with 2.2 %, 4.4 %, 6.6 %, and 10.0 % catalysts were reduced by 110 kJ/mol, 116 kJ/mol, 121 kJ/mol, and 126 kJ/mol, respectively. The reaction surface area affects the temperature distribution. The temperature near the irregular spherical particle is about 20 K higher than the temperature near the regular spherical particle.

在 "碳调峰和碳中和目标 "的背景下，催化煤气化技术得到了广泛的研究和发展。目前，煤炭颗粒催化气化实验大多采用热重分析仪（TGA）进行分析。然而，由于样品堆积的原因，气化剂在反应过程中会受到扩散阻力的影响，导致固有反应动力学不明确。本研究利用高温台式显微镜（HTSM）研究了单颗粒煤炭的催化气化行为。由于排除了扩散阻力，使用 HTSM 时的反应条件与实际工业气化炉内的反应条件更为相似。利用在 HTSM 下获得的动力学参数，进一步建立了单颗粒煤炭气化反应的数值模型。研究了三种模型，包括规则球形结构模型、不规则球形结构模型和多孔球形结构模型，分别代表气化炉中不同形态的煤炭颗粒。同时还研究了不同 K2CO3 催化剂负载量和气化温度下煤炭颗粒的气化特性。与未添加催化剂的煤炭颗粒的活化能数据相比，添加 2.2 %、4.4 %、6.6 % 和 10.0 % 催化剂的煤炭颗粒的活化能分别降低了 110 kJ/mol、116 kJ/mol、121 kJ/mol 和 126 kJ/mol。反应表面积会影响温度分布。不规则球形颗粒附近的温度比规则球形颗粒附近的温度高约 20 K。

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引用次数: 0

Improved biohydrogen production from lactic acid bacteria contaminating substrates by enriched hydrogen-producing consortium with lactate-fermentation pathway 利用乳酸发酵途径的富集产氢联合体提高乳酸菌污染底物的生物制氢能力

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100295

Phonsini Ngamnurak , Alissara Reungsang , Pensri Plangklang

The hydrogen-producing consortium conveying the lactate-fermentation pathway was enriched and used as a co-inoculum with the non-enriched hydrogen-producing consortium for biohydrogen production in the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The co-inoculum treatment achieved superior hydrogen production performance compared to that of the non-enriched consortium treatment. The effects of enriched consortium concentration, initial pH, and glucose concentration were evaluated, and hydrogen production potential (HP) of 1,605 ± 161 mL-H₂/L and a maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) of 87.17 ± 15.85 mL-H₂/L.h were achieved under optimal conditions. Biohydrogen production from food waste using the co-inoculum was 1,137 mL-H₂/L from non-autoclaved food waste, corresponding to 56.85 mL-H₂/g-VS_added. Metabolite product and microbial community analyses during food waste fermentation indicated positive cross-feeding activity of hydrogen producers, LAB, and acetogenic bacteria. This study provides valuable information on the use of an efficient, enriched hydrogen-producing consortium to improve biohydrogen production from LAB-contaminated feedstock.

在有乳酸菌（LAB）存在的情况下，富集了乳酸发酵途径的产氢联合菌群，并将其与非富集的产氢联合菌群作为共同接种物用于生物制氢。与非富集联合菌群处理相比，共接种物处理取得了更优越的制氢性能。评估了富集菌群浓度、初始 pH 值和葡萄糖浓度的影响，在最佳条件下，产氢潜力（HP）为 1,605 ± 161 mL-H2/L，最大产氢率（HPR）为 87.17 ± 15.85 mL-H2/L.h。使用联合接种物从未经高温高压灭菌的食物垃圾中产生的生物氢为 1,137 mL-H2/L，相当于 56.85 mL-H2/g-VSadded。餐厨垃圾发酵过程中的代谢产物和微生物群落分析表明，产氢菌、酵母菌和产乙酸菌具有积极的交叉进食活性。这项研究为利用高效、富集的产氢联合体来提高受 LAB 污染的原料的生物制氢能力提供了宝贵的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Parametric study on mechanical-press torrefaction of palm oil empty fruit bunch for production of biochar 棕榈油空果串机械压榨焙烧生产生物炭的参数研究

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100285

Napat Kaewtrakulchai , Awat Wisetsai , Monrudee Phongaksorn , Chakkrit Thipydet , Bunjerd Jongsomjit , Navadol Laosiripojana , Nakorn Worasuwannarak , Jindarat Pimsamarn , Supachai Jadsadajerm

This study investigated the impact of varying temperatures and pressures during torrefaction under mechanical compression on the mass yield and chemical properties of torrefied empty fruit bunch (MTEFB). It also examined how these factors influenced the biochar derived from MTEFB. Experiments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 240 °C to 300 °C and mechanical pressures of 25, 50, and 75 MPa. The results indicated that at all temperatures above 280 °C, mass yields were significantly reduced, and higher mechanical pressures further accelerated thermal degradation. FTIR analysis revealed structural modifications, including dehydration, decarboxylation, and demethylation, particularly at elevated pressures. Elemental analysis showed an increase in carbon content to 55.68 % when MTEFB was prepared at 300 °C and 75 MPa. The HHV reached 23.11 MJ/kg, indicating improved energy yield. The proximate analysis demonstrated an increase in fixed carbon to 26.32 %, highlighting the influence of temperature and pressure on biochar characteristics. Further carbonization at 600 °C of MTEFB, which was prepared under mechanical-press torrefaction conditions at 300 °C with 75 MPa, produced biochar with enhanced yield and a more graphitic structure. The combination of mechanical-press torrefaction and subsequent carbonization presented a promising pathway for producing high-quality biochar and other solid carbon materials.

研究了机械压缩下不同温度和压力对碳化空果串（MTEFB）质量产率和化学性质的影响。它还研究了这些因素如何影响从MTEFB衍生的生物炭。实验温度范围为240 °C至300 °C，机械压力为25、50和75 MPa。结果表明，在高于280 °C的温度下，质量产率显著降低，更高的机械压力进一步加速了热降解。FTIR分析揭示了结构变化，包括脱水、脱羧和去甲基化，特别是在高压下。元素分析表明，在300 °C和75 MPa条件下制备MTEFB时，碳含量提高到55.68 %。HHV达到23.11 MJ/kg，表明能量产量有所提高。近似分析表明，固定碳增加到26.32 %，突出了温度和压力对生物炭特性的影响。在300 °C、75 MPa的机械压下焙烧条件下制备的MTEFB，在600 °C下进一步碳化，得到的生物炭产率提高，结构更加石墨化。机械加压焙烧和后续炭化相结合是生产高质量生物炭和其他固体碳材料的一条很有前途的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient butanol production from sweet sorghum stem juice by a co-culture system at an optimum temperature: Insights from oxidation-reduction potential monitoring and pilot scale validation 在最佳温度下用共培养系统从甜高粱茎汁中高效生产丁醇：来自氧化还原电位监测和中试规模验证的见解

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100284

Chalida Daengbussadee , Pattana Laopaiboon , Chyi-How Lay , Lakkana Laopaiboon

A two-stage co-culture approach was employed in an acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. An obligate aerobic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp., was first grown for 6 h at 30 °C to create anaerobic conditions. Subsequently, Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR 1461 was inoculated and a fermentation was performed at 37 °C. To identify an intermediate temperature suitable for both microorganisms, their growth was examined at 30, 34, and 37 °C. C. beijerinckii exhibited the highest specific growth rate at 37 °C, while Arthrobacter sp. displayed similar growth rates at all tested temperatures. Butanol production from a synthetic medium (P2 medium) by C. beijerinckii at different temperatures using oxygen-free nitrogen (OFN) gas flushing as a control treatment revealed that fermentation at 37 °C gave the highest butanol concentration (P_B, 9.98 g/L). Consequently, 37 °C was chosen for butanol production from sweet sorghum stem juice (SSJ) by co-culture of these two microorganisms in 1-L screw–capped bottles. Compared to the control treatment, higher P_B (11.38 g/L), yield (Y_B/S, 0.37 g/g) and productivity (Q_B, 0.24 g/L·h) were achieved using the co-culture system. These results were further confirmed by monitoring the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) during ABE fermentation in a 2-L stirred-tank bioreactor (STR). Moreover, when the co-culture fermentation at 37 °C was scaled up in a 30-L STR, the P_B, Y_B/S and Q_B values were comparable to those obtained in the 2-L STR. Therefore, co-culture fermentation of Arthrobacter sp. and C. beijerinckii TISTR 1461 at 37 °C represents a promising method for large-scale butanol production.

采用两阶段共培养法进行丙酮-丁醇-乙醇（ABE）发酵。一种专性好氧细菌Arthrobacter sp.首先在30°C下培养6小时以创造厌氧条件。随后，接种贝氏梭菌TISTR 1461, 37℃发酵。为了确定适合这两种微生物的中间温度，在30,34和37°C下检查了它们的生长。C. beijerinckii在37℃的特定生长率最高，而Arthrobacter sp.在所有测试温度下均表现出相似的生长速度。以无氧氮（OFN）气冲为对照处理，贝氏C. beijerinckii在不同温度下合成培养基（P2培养基）生产丁醇的结果表明，37℃发酵时丁醇浓度最高（PB, 9.98 g/L）。因此，选择37°C从甜高粱茎汁（SSJ）中通过这两种微生物在1升螺旋盖瓶中共同培养生产丁醇。与对照处理相比，共培养体系可获得更高的PB （11.38 g/L）、产量（YB/S, 0.37 g/g）和生产力（QB, 0.24 g/L·h）。通过在2l搅拌槽生物反应器（STR）中监测ABE发酵过程中的氧化还原电位（ORP），进一步证实了这些结果。此外，当在30-L STR中扩大37°C共培养发酵时，PB， YB/S和QB值与在2-L STR中获得的值相当。因此，节杆菌sp.和C. beijerinckii TISTR 1461在37°C下共培养发酵是一种有前景的大规模丁醇生产方法。

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引用次数: 0

Study on supercritical water regeneration of bio-based activated carbon saturated with acid red G 饱和酸红G的生物基活性炭超临界水再生研究

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100283

Yaling Mu , Zitong Zhuang , Kun Jiang , Yimeng Wei , Anjun Meng , Hui Jin

The dye and textile industry commonly employs activated carbon adsorption technology due to its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency. However, disposing of waste-activated carbon has a significant environmental and human health impact, and it’s a huge economic waste. This study investigates the kinetic and isothermal adsorption characteristics of Acid Red G dye adsorption by Powdered Activated Carbon derived from coconut shells. To effectively reuse activated carbon and maximise resource conservation, regeneration experiments were carried out using Supercritical Water at 24 MPa and 400 ℃ for 30 min. The experimental results demonstrated that, in comparison with thermal regeneration, supercritical water possesses the benefits of environmental protection, economic efficiency and extensive applicability. This is of considerable importance to the field of research concerning the regeneration of activated carbon.

活性炭吸附技术具有成本效益高、效率高等优点，在染料和纺织工业中得到广泛应用。然而，垃圾活性炭的处理对环境和人体健康有重大影响，是一种巨大的经济浪费。研究了椰壳粉状活性炭吸附酸性红G染料的动力学和等温吸附特性。为了有效地回收活性炭，最大限度地节约资源，采用超临界水在24 MPa、400℃条件下进行了30 min的再生实验。实验结果表明，与热再生相比，超临界水具有环保、经济和广泛适用性的优点。这对活性炭再生的研究具有重要意义。

引用次数: 0

Outside Back Cover 封底外侧

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2588-9133(24)00071-1

引用次数: 0

Optimizing bioethanol production from sweet sorghum stem juice under very high gravity fermentation and temperature stress conditions 高重力发酵和温度胁迫条件下甜高粱茎汁生产生物乙醇的优化研究

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100274

Phon Thatiyamanee , Pattana Laopaiboon , Lakkana Laopaiboon

This study optimized ethanol production from sweet sorghum stem juice (SSJ) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NP01 under very high gravity (VHG) fermentation in 500-mL air–locked flasks at 30 °C. Response surface methodology based on a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize initial sugar (267 g/L), urea (3.24 g/L), and cell concentration (1.32 × 10⁸ cells/mL) for maximization of ethanol concentration (P_E), productivity (Q_P), and sugar consumption (%SC). The experimental values (P_E, 119.29 g/L; Q_P, 2.49 g/L.h and %SC, 91.83 %) under optimal conditions were close to the predicted values, verifying the optimization process. Aeration (2.5 vvm for 4 h) increased viable cell counts and decreased glycerol production (a by-product), but not fermentation efficiency. An osmoprotectant (40 mM potassium chloride combined with 10 mM potassium hydroxide, KCl/KOH) at 30 °C had no positive effect on ethanol fermentation efficiency. However, at 25 °C, the osmoprotectant increased P_E from 106 to 116 g/L and ethanol yield from 0.46 to 0.49 g/g. At 35–37 °C, it prolonged cell viability, increasing P_E by 5–12 g/L and %SC by 3–8 % without affecting ethanol yield. However, at 39 °C, no positive impact occurred on ethanol fermentation efficiency. The findings from this study, particularly the optimized fermentation conditions and stress tolerance strategies, could guide the scale-up to an industrial level of bioethanol production from sweet sorghum stem juice or other feedstocks using VHG fermentation, contributing to the development of more efficient and sustainable biofuel production processes.

本研究优化了酿酒酵母NP01以甜高粱茎汁为原料，在30℃、500 ml的密闭烧瓶中高重力发酵生产乙醇的工艺条件。基于Box-Behnken设计的响应面法优化初始糖（267 g/L）、尿素（3.24 g/L）和细胞浓度（1.32 × 108个细胞/mL），以最大限度地提高乙醇浓度（PE）、产率（QP）和糖消耗（%SC）。实验值(PE, 119.29 g/L；最优条件下QP为2.49 g/ l h， SC %为91.83%)接近预测值，验证了优化过程。曝气（2.5 vvm, 4 h）可增加活细胞数，降低副产物甘油的产量，但不能提高发酵效率。40 mM氯化钾与10 mM氢氧化钾（KCl/KOH）在30℃条件下的渗透保护剂对乙醇发酵效率无显著影响。然而，在25°C时，渗透保护剂将PE从106提高到116 g/L，乙醇产量从0.46提高到0.49 g/g。在35-37℃下，延长了细胞活力，PE提高了5-12 g/L， SC提高了3 - 8%，而乙醇产量不受影响。然而，在39°C时，对乙醇发酵效率没有正面影响。本研究的发现，特别是优化的发酵条件和耐受性策略，可以指导利用VHG发酵从甜高粱茎汁或其他原料生产生物乙醇的规模扩大到工业水平，有助于开发更高效和可持续的生物燃料生产工艺。

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引用次数: 0