Carbon Resources Conversion最新文献_第6页

Research on the process of naphtha hydrocracking to chemical materials 石脑油加氢裂化制化工原料工艺研究

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100315

Kui Zhang, Zhihai Hu, Liang Ren, Hong Nie, Guangle Zhao, Yuanbing Xi, Chunlu Wang

To systematically study the conversion process of paraffin, cycloalkane, and aromatic on ZSM-5 molecular sieve in naphtha hydrocracking, a series of related experiments were carried out based on the prepared hydrocracking catalyst, Catalyst-HC. Ni and ZSM-5 molecular sieve were selected as the hydrogenation active component and the cracking component of Catalyst-HC, respectively. The results obtained through this work indicate that on ZSM-5 molecular sieve, the paraffin and cycloalkane in naphtha are mainly convertible hydrocarbons. The higher the content of convertible hydrocarbons in naphtha, the easier it is for the conversion reaction to occur. As C₅₊ conversion rate rises, the yields of paraffin and cycloalkane decline, and the yields of aromatic and aromatic-carbon in product-naphtha remain almost unchanged. The aromatic-average carbon-number (CN) in product-naphtha changes very little, decreasing from 8.3 to 8.2. This means that almost no aromatic undergoes the saturation reaction or conversion reaction on Catalyst-HC. Due to the small pore size of ZSM-5, C₅₊ i-paraffin has a lower conversion rate and a higher average CN compared to C₅₊ n-paraffin. Meanwhile, as C₅₊ conversion rate gradually rises from 0 to 23 %, the average CN drop-values of C₅₊ n-paraffin and C₅₊ i-paraffin are 1.3 and 0.14, respectively. C₅-ring cycloalkane-ring-carbon (C₅-ring CRC) is more likely undergoing ring-opening (RO) reaction than that of C₆-ring cycloalkane-ring-carbon (C₆-ring CRC). The conversion rate of C₅-C₇ cycloalkane is higher than that of C₈₊ cycloalkane, and the former bears a higher jump-value compared to the latter with the increase of C₅₊ conversion rate. Unlike paraffin and aromatic, the average CN of cycloalkane gradually rises with the increase of C₅₊ conversion rate.

为系统研究石脑油加氢裂化过程中石蜡、环烷烃和芳烃在ZSM-5分子筛上的转化过程，以制备的加氢裂化催化剂catalyst - hc为基础，进行了一系列相关实验。选用Ni分子筛和ZSM-5分子筛分别作为催化剂的加氢活性组分和裂化组分。研究结果表明，在ZSM-5分子筛上，石脑油中的石蜡和环烷烃主要为可转化烃。石脑油中可转化烃的含量越高，越容易发生转化反应。随着C5+转化率的提高，石蜡和环烷烃的产率下降，产物石脑油中芳烃和芳烃的产率基本保持不变。产物石脑油的芳烃平均碳数（CN）变化不大，由8.3降至8.2。这意味着在hc催化剂上几乎没有芳香族发生饱和反应或转化反应。由于ZSM-5的孔径较小，与C5+ n-烷烃相比，C5+ i-烷烃的转化率较低，平均CN值较高。同时，随着C5+转化率从0逐渐上升到23%，C5+正构烷烃和C5+正构烷烃的CN平均下降值分别为1.3和0.14。c5环环烷烃-环碳（c5环CRC）比c6环环烷烃-环碳（c6环CRC）更容易发生开环（RO）反应。C5- c7环烷烃的转化率高于C8+环烷烃，且随着C5+转化率的增加，C5- c7环烷烃的跳跃值高于C8+环烷烃。与烷烃和芳烃不同，环烷烃的平均CN随着C5+转化率的提高而逐渐升高。

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Bimetallic NiSn supported on mesoporous carbon as an efficient catalyst for selective methanol synthesis from CO2 介孔碳负载双金属NiSn作为CO2选择性合成甲醇的高效催化剂

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100271

Graciella Stephanie Dwiningtyas , Iman Abdullah , Ryohei Doi , Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi

Global warming and climate change represent the most significant environmental challenges of the 21st century, primarily attributed to the rise in CO₂ emission in the atmosphere. Efforts to mitigate this increase involve exploring various methods to reduce CO₂ levels, with chemical reactions, such as hydrogenation, being a prominent approach. However, the stable and inert nature of CO₂ necessitates the use of catalysts to facilitate its conversion. In this research, NiSn nanoparticles with varying atomic ratios were deposited onto a mesoporous carbon support and subsequently utilized as catalysts for CO₂ conversion through hydrogenation reactions at ambient pressure. The diffraction patterns of NiSn/MC reveal peaks indicating the presence of a graphitic carbon structure and the existence of a nickel-tin alloy. SEM-EDX mapping and TEM characterization demonstrate the uniform dispersion of NiSn particles on the mesoporous carbon surface, without the formation of agglomerated particles. Catalytic hydrogenation reactions indicate that the atomic ratio of Ni:Sn significantly influences the catalyst activity and selectivity for methanol formation. Among the Ni_xSn_y/MC catalysts and monometallic Ni/MC, Sn/MC, and NiSn NPs without support, Ni₅Sn₁/MC demonstrated the highest CO₂ conversion of 39.9 %. Additionally, at a reaction temperature of 175 °C and a CO₂:H₂ gas ratio of 1:7, Ni₅Sn₁/MC exhibited a methanol yield of 86.31 mmol/g_cat, outperforming other catalysts in the study.

全球变暖和气候变化是21世纪最重大的环境挑战，其主要原因是大气中二氧化碳排放量的增加。减缓这种增长的努力包括探索各种方法来降低二氧化碳水平，化学反应，如氢化，是一个突出的方法。然而，二氧化碳的稳定性和惰性需要使用催化剂来促进其转化。在这项研究中，不同原子比的NiSn纳米颗粒被沉积在介孔碳载体上，随后被用作催化剂，在常压下通过加氢反应进行二氧化碳转化。NiSn/MC的衍射图显示了石墨碳结构和镍锡合金的存在。SEM-EDX成像和TEM表征表明NiSn颗粒在介孔碳表面均匀分散，没有形成团聚颗粒。催化加氢反应表明，Ni:Sn的原子比显著影响催化剂的活性和甲醇生成的选择性。在Ni5Sn1/MC催化剂和单金属Ni/MC、Sn/MC和NiSn NPs中，Ni5Sn1/MC的CO2转化率最高，为39.9%。此外，在175℃、CO2:H2气体比为1:7的条件下，Ni5Sn1/MC的甲醇产率为86.31 mmol/gcat，优于其他催化剂。

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Outside Back Cover 外封底

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/S2588-9133(25)00051-1

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the efficiency of high solid anaerobic digestion of empty fruit bunches under thermophilic conditions by particle size reduction and co-digestion with palm oil mill effluent 在嗜热条件下，通过减小粒径和与棕榈油厂污水共同消化，提高空果串的高固态厌氧消化效率

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100262

Sittikorn Saelor , Prawit Kongjan , Poonsuk Prasertsan , Chonticha Mamimin , Sompong O-Thong

This study investigates the impact of thermophilic high solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) on biogas production from empty fruit bunches (EFB), focusing on the effects of total solids (TS) loading (5–40 %), particle size reduction (0.5, 3.25, and 6 cm), and co-digestion with palm oil mill effluent (POME) (10–30 % VS basis). The HS-AD at a 15–20 % TS loading has a methane yield of 103.4–105.3 mL CH₄/g-VS with 24.6–25.1 % biodegradability. Particle size reduction to 0.5 cm enhanced methane yield by 54–61 % and improved hydrolysis rates by 45 % compared to the untreated EFB (6 cm) at a 15–20 % TS loading. Co-digestion of EFB with POME at a ratio of 31:1 based on VS basis led to a synergistic effect of 17.77 mL CH₄/g-VS, increasing methane yield by 24–46.5 % and improving process stability, as evidenced by a 22.8–38.1 % reduction in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation. Microbial community analysis showed a 2-fold increase in the relative abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanothermobacter sp. and Methanoculleus sp.) during co-digestion, while the abundance of key cellulolytic bacteria (Clostridium sp. and Fibrobacter sp.) increased by 1.5-fold. The optimized HS-AD process achieved a maximum methane yield of 287.77 mL CH₄/g-VS and a biodegradability of 61.2 % under thermophilic conditions, with a 20 % POME co-digestion addition (31:1 VS ratio) and 0.5 cm particle size. These findings demonstrate the potential of thermophilic HS-AD for the sustainable management of EFB and highlight the importance of process optimization and co-digestion strategies for enhanced biogas production from EFB.

本研究调查了嗜热高固相厌氧消化（HS-AD）对空果束（EFB）沼气生产的影响，重点研究了总固体（TS）负荷（5 - 40%）、颗粒尺寸减小（0.5、3.25和6 cm）以及与棕榈油厂废水（POME）共消化（10 - 30% VS基础）的影响。在15 - 20% TS负荷下，HS-AD的甲烷产率为103.4-105.3 mL CH4/g-VS，生物降解率为24.6 - 25.1%。在15 - 20%的TS负载下，与未处理的EFB （6 cm）相比，将粒径减小至0.5 cm可使甲烷产率提高54 - 61%，水解率提高45%。在VS基础上，EFB与POME以31:1的比例共消化，产生了17.77 mL CH4/g-VS的协同效应，甲烷产量提高了24 - 46.5%，挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）积累减少了22.8 - 38.1%，提高了工艺稳定性。微生物群落分析表明，在共消化过程中，氢营养产甲烷菌（Methanothermobacter sp.和Methanoculleus sp.）的相对丰度增加了2倍，而关键的纤维素分解细菌（Clostridium sp.和Fibrobacter sp.）的相对丰度增加了1.5倍。优化后的HS-AD工艺在POME共消化添加量为20% （VS比为31:1）、粒径为0.5 cm的条件下，甲烷产率最高为287.77 mL CH4/g-VS，生物降解率为61.2%。这些发现证明了嗜热HS-AD对EFB可持续管理的潜力，并强调了工艺优化和共消化策略对提高EFB沼气产量的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Sugarcane bagasse valorization through integrated process for single cell oil, sulfonated carbon-based catalyst and biodiesel co-production 通过单细胞油、磺化碳催化剂和生物柴油联产综合工艺实现甘蔗渣的价值化

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100245

Weeraphat Hassa , Khanittha Fiala , Jirawan Apiraksakorn , Ratanaporn Leesing

This study demonstrates the conversion of sugarcane bagasse (SB) into single cell oil (SCO), sulfonated carbon-based catalyst and biodiesel; this process aligns with waste-to-energy and circular bioeconomy concepts. SB was treated with dilute sulfuric acid to achieve SB hydrolysate (SBH) and SB solid residue (SBS). Candida tropicalis KKU-NP1, a newly isolated yeast, accumulated SCO content of 26.5 % from undetoxified SBH medium. A novel sulfonated carbon-based catalyst (SBS@SC) was generated from SBS by a one-step hydrothermal sulfonation process. It showed significant catalytic activity for the conversion of SCO-rich KKU-NP1 wet cell into biodiesel (FAME) under direct transesterification optimal conditions, with a FAME conversion yield of 90.1 %. Based on FAME profile, most of the estimated physicochemical and fuel properties of FAME were within the limits of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 for biodiesel standards. For integrated process the final production of about 12.0 g SCO, 606.3 g SBS@SC catalyst and 10.8 g biodiesel from 1000 g raw SB were achieved. This study highlights the utilization of SB as a low-cost feedstock for producing multiple value-added products, emphasizing the advantages of waste utilization by integrated biorefinery concept, yielding practically no waste by-products over the whole production process.

研究了甘蔗渣（SB）转化为单细胞油（SCO）、磺化碳基催化剂和生物柴油的过程；这一过程符合废物转化为能源和循环生物经济的概念。用稀硫酸处理SB，得到SB水解产物（SBH）和SB固体残渣（SBS）。新分离的热带假丝酵母KKU-NP1在未解毒的SBH培养基中积累了26.5%的SCO含量。通过一步水热磺化法制备了一种新型碳基磺化催化剂（SBS@SC）。在直接酯交换最佳条件下，富sco的KKU-NP1湿电池转化为生物柴油（FAME）具有显著的催化活性，FAME的转化率为90.1%。根据FAME概况，FAME的大部分估计的物理化学和燃料性能都在ASTM D6751和EN 14214生物柴油标准的限制范围内。在综合工艺下，从1000 g原料SB中最终得到约12.0 g SCO、606.3 g SBS@SC催化剂和10.8 g生物柴油。本研究强调了SB作为低成本原料的利用，以生产多种增值产品，强调了通过综合生物炼制概念利用废物的优势，在整个生产过程中几乎不产生废物副产品。

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引用次数: 0

Recent progress in glycerol oxidation to lactic acid and pyruvic acid with heterogeneous metal catalysts 利用异质金属催化剂将甘油氧化成乳酸和丙酮酸的最新进展

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100250

Zixuan Wang , Yuming Zhang , Yanan Wang , Jiazhou Li , Xicheng Jia , Zhijie Wu

The production of biodiesel generates a significant amount of glycerol by-products. One way to utilize glycerol is converting it into lactic acid, which can then be further transformed into pyruvic acid. In this review, we examine existing reaction pathways and propose a new approach for the indirect synthesis of pyruvic acid using glycerol and lactic acid as intermediates. Noble metals and transition metals are suitable for the oxidation of glycerol and lactic acid, and the combination of different metal sites may exhibit synergy effect and promote the process. It should be noted that the dehydration and isomerization of 1,3-dehydroxyacetone to lactic acid can be catalyzed by Lewis acids, which can be utilized in the base-free system that simplifies the postprocess procedure. Excepting noble metals, synergistic effect between iron and molybdenum also shows promising performance in catalyzed oxidation of lactic acid. Furthermore, many research results also suggest that mass transfer plays a critical role in this cascade reaction, which shed light on the catalysts modification for the similar reactions.

生物柴油的生产会产生大量的甘油副产品。利用甘油的一种方法是将其转化为乳酸，乳酸再进一步转化为丙酮酸。在这篇综述中，我们研究了现有的反应途径，并提出了一种以甘油和乳酸为中间体间接合成丙酮酸的新方法。贵金属和过渡金属适合于甘油和乳酸的氧化，不同金属位的组合可能表现出协同效应，促进该过程。值得注意的是，1,3-去羟基丙酮的脱水和异构化可以由路易斯酸催化，可以在无碱体系中使用，简化后处理程序。除贵金属外，铁和钼的协同作用在乳酸的催化氧化中也表现出良好的效果。此外，许多研究结果还表明，传质在该级联反应中起着关键作用，这为类似反应的催化剂改性提供了思路。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient butanol production from sweet sorghum stem juice by a co-culture system at an optimum temperature: Insights from oxidation-reduction potential monitoring and pilot scale validation 在最佳温度下用共培养系统从甜高粱茎汁中高效生产丁醇：来自氧化还原电位监测和中试规模验证的见解

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100284

Chalida Daengbussadee , Pattana Laopaiboon , Chyi-How Lay , Lakkana Laopaiboon

A two-stage co-culture approach was employed in an acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. An obligate aerobic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp., was first grown for 6 h at 30 °C to create anaerobic conditions. Subsequently, Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR 1461 was inoculated and a fermentation was performed at 37 °C. To identify an intermediate temperature suitable for both microorganisms, their growth was examined at 30, 34, and 37 °C. C. beijerinckii exhibited the highest specific growth rate at 37 °C, while Arthrobacter sp. displayed similar growth rates at all tested temperatures. Butanol production from a synthetic medium (P2 medium) by C. beijerinckii at different temperatures using oxygen-free nitrogen (OFN) gas flushing as a control treatment revealed that fermentation at 37 °C gave the highest butanol concentration (P_B, 9.98 g/L). Consequently, 37 °C was chosen for butanol production from sweet sorghum stem juice (SSJ) by co-culture of these two microorganisms in 1-L screw–capped bottles. Compared to the control treatment, higher P_B (11.38 g/L), yield (Y_B/S, 0.37 g/g) and productivity (Q_B, 0.24 g/L·h) were achieved using the co-culture system. These results were further confirmed by monitoring the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) during ABE fermentation in a 2-L stirred-tank bioreactor (STR). Moreover, when the co-culture fermentation at 37 °C was scaled up in a 30-L STR, the P_B, Y_B/S and Q_B values were comparable to those obtained in the 2-L STR. Therefore, co-culture fermentation of Arthrobacter sp. and C. beijerinckii TISTR 1461 at 37 °C represents a promising method for large-scale butanol production.

采用两阶段共培养法进行丙酮-丁醇-乙醇（ABE）发酵。一种专性好氧细菌Arthrobacter sp.首先在30°C下培养6小时以创造厌氧条件。随后，接种贝氏梭菌TISTR 1461, 37℃发酵。为了确定适合这两种微生物的中间温度，在30,34和37°C下检查了它们的生长。C. beijerinckii在37℃的特定生长率最高，而Arthrobacter sp.在所有测试温度下均表现出相似的生长速度。以无氧氮（OFN）气冲为对照处理，贝氏C. beijerinckii在不同温度下合成培养基（P2培养基）生产丁醇的结果表明，37℃发酵时丁醇浓度最高（PB, 9.98 g/L）。因此，选择37°C从甜高粱茎汁（SSJ）中通过这两种微生物在1升螺旋盖瓶中共同培养生产丁醇。与对照处理相比，共培养体系可获得更高的PB （11.38 g/L）、产量（YB/S, 0.37 g/g）和生产力（QB, 0.24 g/L·h）。通过在2l搅拌槽生物反应器（STR）中监测ABE发酵过程中的氧化还原电位（ORP），进一步证实了这些结果。此外，当在30-L STR中扩大37°C共培养发酵时，PB， YB/S和QB值与在2-L STR中获得的值相当。因此，节杆菌sp.和C. beijerinckii TISTR 1461在37°C下共培养发酵是一种有前景的大规模丁醇生产方法。

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引用次数: 0

Mesoporous Co@MCM-41 catalyst for stable ethane dehydrogenation 介孔Co@MCM-41乙烷稳定脱氢催化剂

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100244

Xiufang Wang, Yufeng Li, Wenda Yu, Yuebing Xu, Bing Liu, Xiaohao Liu

Catalytic dehydrogenation of low-cost C₂-C₄ alkanes can be an alternative route to produce value-added olefins. To overcome the drawback of a microporous Co-based Co@MFI zeolite catalyst that is sensitive to coke deposition for its deactivation, herein, a mesoporous Co-incorporated MCM-41 catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis successfully and tested for ethane dehydrogenation. Various characterizations suggested that Co species were also dispersed in an atomical level in the MCM-41 zeolite with a reduction-resistant –Co^δ+–O^δ-– structure, which, therefore, ensures its high selectivity to ethylene (∼100 %). Thanks to the mesoporous characteristic of the MCM-41, the as-synthesized Co@MCM-41 catalyst showed excellent stability than the widely reported microporous Co@MFI catalysts, which can be attributed to the reason that the mesoporous channels are not sensitive to coke deposition and still allow reactant and products to diffuse in and out easily, This work demonstrates the importance of the diffusion of a zeolite-based catalyst and promotes the application of Co-based catalyst for alkane dehydrogenation.

低成本的C2-C4烷烃催化脱氢可作为生产高附加值烯烃的替代途径。为克服微孔co基Co@MFI沸石催化剂对焦炭沉积敏感的失活缺点，采用水热合成方法成功合成了介孔co基MCM-41催化剂，并进行了乙烷脱氢试验。各种表征表明，Co物种也分散在MCM-41分子筛的原子水平上，具有抗还原-Coδ + -Oδ -结构，因此确保了其对乙烯的高选择性（~ 100%）。由于MCM-41的介孔特性，合成的Co@MCM-41催化剂比广泛报道的微孔Co@MFI催化剂表现出优异的稳定性，这可能是由于介孔通道对焦炭沉积不敏感，仍然允许反应物和生成物容易扩散进出。这项工作证明了沸石基催化剂扩散的重要性，促进了co基催化剂在烷烃脱氢中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Polybasic organic acids controlled synthesis of Mo-V-O composite metal oxide for the catalytic conversion of glycerol 多碱性有机酸控制合成用于甘油催化转化的 Mo-V-O 复合金属氧化物

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100247

Siqi Zhang, Shuangming Li, Tianyue Su, Xiaojun Yu, Jingyi Ai, Yuanzhi Li, Sansan Yu

By introducing oxalic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid into the synthesis process of Mo-V-O composite metal oxides, the structure directing effect of polybasic organic acids on the crystal structure of Mo-V-O compositee metal oxide was studied. Moreover, the prepared Mo-V-O samples with different crystal phase compositions were used to the conversion of glycerol, and the effect of crystal phase structure on its catalytic performance was investigated. Results show that the crystal phase structure of Mo-V-O can be regulated by changing the type and additive amount of polybasic organic acids. The crystal phase of Mo-V-O changed from MoV₂O₈ to Mo_0.97V_0.95O₅ with the increase of succinic acid and tartaric acid. The change in the Mo-V-O crystal phase is related to the amount of organic acid and the carbon chain length. When the crystal phase is MoV₂O₈, the selectivity of acrolein and acetone is 25.7 % and 16.2 %. According to the XPS results, Mo⁶⁺ in MoV₂O₈ promoted the formation of acrolein, while Mo⁵⁺ in Mo_0.97V_0.95O₅ promoted the formation of acetone. So when the crystal phase is Mo_0.97V_0.95O₅, the selectivity of acrolein and acetone is 11.9 % and 24.6 %. Therefore, the results of catalyzing glycerol can be controlled by selecting different crystal phases.

通过将草酸、琥珀酸和酒石酸引入到Mo-V-O复合金属氧化物的合成过程中，研究了多碱性有机酸对Mo-V-O复合金属氧化物晶体结构的结构导向作用。并将制备的不同晶相组成的Mo-V-O样品用于甘油的转化，考察了晶相结构对其催化性能的影响。结果表明，通过改变多碱性有机酸的种类和添加量，可以调节Mo-V-O的晶相结构。随着琥珀酸和酒石酸含量的增加，Mo-V-O的晶相由MoV2O8变为Mo0.97V0.95O5。Mo-V-O晶相的变化与有机酸的加入量和碳链长度有关。当晶相为MoV2O8时，丙烯醛和丙酮的选择性分别为25.7%和16.2%。XPS结果表明，mo2o8中的Mo6+促进了丙烯醛的生成，Mo0.97V0.95O5中的Mo5+促进了丙酮的生成。因此，当晶相为Mo0.97V0.95O5时，丙烯醛和丙酮的选择性分别为11.9%和24.6%。因此，可以通过选择不同的晶相来控制催化甘油的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Chemically activated carbons derived from cashew nut shells as potential electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors 从腰果壳中提取的化学活性炭作为电化学超级电容器的潜在电极材料

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100267

Nattapat Chaiammart , Veeramuthu Vignesh , Myo Myo Thu , Apiluck Eiad-ua , Thandavarayan Maiyalagan , Gasidit Panomsuwan

Supercapacitors are widely recognized as energy storage solutions due to their high power densities and long cycle lives. Furthermore, there is growing scientific and technological interest in converting biomass waste into carbon materials for manufacturing supercapacitor electrodes. In addition to their abundance and cost-effectiveness, the appeal of carbons derived from biomass lies in their tunable porosity, which enables the rational design of carbon materials to achieve the desired performance of supercapacitors. Here, we present the synthesis of activated carbons from cashew nut shells via potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation at different temperatures (650, 750, and 850 °C). The resulting materials exhibited amorphous and predominant microporous structures. Increasing the activation temperature led to a rise in specific surface area from 1534 to 2034 m² g⁻¹ and an increased proportion of mesopores. The electrochemical properties of these activated carbons for supercapacitor applications were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and impedance spectroscopic techniques in a 1 M sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) electrolyte. Using a three-electrode system, the activated carbons treated at 750 °C exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 106 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹ with a good rate capability; they retained 75 % at 10 A g⁻¹ over a 1.0 V voltage window. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor coin-cell, fabricated with activated carbons treated at 750 °C as the positive and negative electrodes, demonstrated an energy density of 2.43 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 1002 W kg⁻¹. The cell exhibited 87 % capacitance retention at 1.0 A g⁻¹ after 10,000 cycles. This work showcases the efficient and sustainable utilization of cashew nut shells as a carbon source for supercapacitor applications and highlights their value in a circular economy.

超级电容器因其高功率密度和长循环寿命而被广泛认为是储能解决方案。此外，将生物质废物转化为制造超级电容器电极的碳材料的科学和技术兴趣日益浓厚。除了丰度和成本效益外，生物质碳的吸引力还在于其可调节的孔隙度，这使得碳材料的合理设计能够实现超级电容器的预期性能。本文以腰果壳为原料，在650、750和850℃的不同温度下，通过氢氧化钾（KOH）活化合成了活性炭。所得材料表现出非晶和微孔结构。随着活化温度的升高，材料的比表面积从1534 m2 g−1增加到2034 m2 g−1，介孔比例增加。采用循环伏安法、恒流充放电法和阻抗光谱技术，在1 M硫酸钠（Na2SO4）电解液中研究了这些超级电容器用活性炭的电化学性能。采用三电极体系，750℃处理后的活性炭在0.5 a g−1电流密度下的最大比电容为106 F g−1，具有良好的倍率性能；在1.0 V电压窗口下，在10a g−1下，它们保留了75%。此外，以750℃活性炭为正极和负极制备的对称超级电容器硬币电池，在1002 W kg - 1的功率密度下，其能量密度为2.43 Wh kg - 1。在1.0 A g−1下循环10000次后，电池的电容保持率为87%。这项工作展示了腰果壳作为超级电容器应用的碳源的高效和可持续利用，并突出了它们在循环经济中的价值。

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引用次数: 0