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IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/S2588-9133(26)00011-6

引用次数: 0

Thank you reviewers! 谢谢审稿人！

IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2026.100404

引用次数: 0

Pomegranate residues as fermentation feedstock for bioethanol production: Process design and characterization 石榴渣作为生物乙醇生产的发酵原料：工艺设计和表征

IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100338

Anastasios Kyriazis, George Aggelis, Alexandra Lianou

Pomegranate residues (PRs), namely pomegranate peels and seeds remaining after juice extraction, constitute a significant agro-industrial residue in Greece. Despite their ample content in carbon sources and bioactive compounds, PRs are largely unexploited, with their management being an increasing concern for the pomegranate processing industry. The objective of this study was the development and characterization of a bioprocess aiming at the biotechnological valorization of PRs for ethanol production. Specifically, a stepwise investigation was conducted, including (i) the production and chemical characterization of extracts/hydrolysates from PRs using distinct pretreatments not involving organic solvents or enzymatic hydrolysis; (ii) the assessment of the exploitability of a selected hydrolysate as fermentation feedstock using Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and (iii) the advancement of the bioprocess through the joined utilization in the fermentation substrate of PRs and seeded raisins (SRs), another important agro-industrial residue in Greece. The finally developed substrate, comprising a mixture of PRs/SRs extracts at concentrations 60/40 % v/v, was used in three fermentation trials, and the fermentation process was quantitatively described using the Aiba model. The developed bioprocess resulted in satisfactorily high bioethanol production with the maximum attained concentration being 50.0 ± 0.6 g/L. The maximum specific growth rate (µ_max) of S. cerevisiae was estimated to be 0.135 1/h and the bioethanol yield (Y_ps), namely the amount of produced ethanol/amount of consumed reducing sugars, was estimated to be 0.423 g/g. Hence, PRs can be efficiently used in the development of a fermentation substrate for bioethanol production, providing an economic and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional feedstocks.

石榴渣（PRs），即石榴皮和籽后的果汁提取，构成了重要的农业工业残留物在希腊。尽管它们在碳源和生物活性化合物中含量丰富，但它们在很大程度上未被开发，其管理日益受到石榴加工业的关注。本研究的目的是开发和表征一个生物过程，旨在生物技术价值的乙醇生产的pr。具体而言，进行了逐步调查，包括(i)使用不同的预处理，不涉及有机溶剂或酶水解，从PRs提取/水解物的生产和化学特性；（ii）评估选定的水解液作为酿酒酵母发酵原料的可利用性；（iii）通过在发酵底物中联合利用PRs和种子葡萄干（SRs）（希腊另一种重要的农工残渣）来推进生物过程。最后开发的底物由浓度为60/ 40% v/v的PRs/SRs提取物混合组成，用于三次发酵试验，并使用Aiba模型定量描述发酵过程。所开发的生物工艺获得了令人满意的高生物乙醇产量，最高可达50.0±0.6 g/L。酿酒酵母的最大特定生长速率（µmax）为0.135 1/h，生物乙醇产率（Yps）为0.423 g/g，即产生乙醇的量/消耗还原糖的量。因此，PRs可以有效地用于开发用于生物乙醇生产的发酵底物，为传统原料提供经济和环境可持续的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the deactivation pathway of supported Ni catalyst in fluidized-bed dry reforming of methane at high space velocity 高空速甲烷流化床干重整负载型Ni催化剂失活途径研究

IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100336

Na Xu , Yizheng Li , Jie Du , Zhanguo Zhang , Guangwen Xu

A 10 %Ni/γ⁃Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared for dry reforming of methane. Spherical γ⁃Al₂O₃ particles having an average particle size of 60 µm were used as the support and an iso-volume impregnation method was employed for the preparation. All activity-evaluation tests were conducted in a fluidized-bed quartz reactor at 0.1 MPa and variable temperatures and space velocities for 600 min. The results of the tests revealed that at 750 °C the catalyst activity showed an obviously accelerated decrease trend with the increase of space velocity. Thermogravimetric analysis of the spent catalysts revealed, however, that little carbon deposit formed in those spent samples that had experienced faster decreases in activity at higher space velocities. While these two facts together deny the possibility of carbon deposition leading to the accelerated activity decline at 750 °C and high space velocities, increasing the CO₂/CH₄ ratio of the feed was demonstrated to further accelerate the activity decrease. Meanwhile, XRD and XPS analyses of the spent catalyst samples revealed that oxidative transformation of metallic Ni in catalyst to Ni_xO (x ≤ 1) species did occur in the reforming in the feed of CO₂/CH₄ = 1.5. All these results together have strongly revealed, for the first time, a conclusion as follows: it was the gradual oxidative transformation of active Ni sites in 10 %Ni/γ⁃Al₂O₃ catalyst to inactive Ni oxide species to cause a continuous decline of its dry reforming activity in fluidized-bed operation mode and at 750 °C and high space velocity condition.

制备了一种10% Ni/γ⁃Al2O3的甲烷干重整催化剂。采用平均粒径为60µm的球形γ⁃Al2O3颗粒作为载体，采用等体积浸渍法制备。所有活性评价试验均在0.1 MPa、可变温度和空速的流化床石英反应器中进行，时间为600分钟。实验结果表明，在750℃时，随着空速的增加，催化剂活性有明显加速下降的趋势。然而，对废催化剂的热重分析显示，在高空速下活性下降更快的废样品中，几乎没有碳沉积形成。虽然这两个事实共同否认了在750℃和高空速下碳沉积导致活性加速下降的可能性，但增加进料的CO2/CH4比被证明进一步加速了活性下降。同时，对废催化剂样品的XRD和XPS分析表明，在CO2/CH4 = 1.5的进料条件下，催化剂中的金属Ni确实发生了氧化转化为NixO （x≤1）的现象。以上结果首次有力地揭示了10% Ni/γ⁃Al2O3催化剂中活性Ni位点向非活性Ni氧化物的逐渐氧化转化是导致其在流化床操作模式和750℃高空速条件下干转化活性持续下降的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Insight into the catalytic role of industrial solid waste in improving gas quality during biomass pyrolysis 深入了解工业固体废弃物对改善生物质热解过程中气体质量的催化作用

IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100339

Chunhong Huang, Chuyang Tang, Jiaqi Liu, Xinyuan An, Shankun Zhou

This study investigated the catalytic pyrolysis of peanut shells (PNS) by employing three steel-industry solid wastes as catalysts: desulfurized ash (DA), mill scale (MS), and leaching solution of iron tailings (TLS). The objective was to enhance pyrolysis gas quality and yield while lowering catalyst cost, both critical for sustainable energy production. The catalytic effects on gas distribution and quality were investigated at 600 °C. Experimental results indicated that DA, MS, and TLS significantly increased the yield of pyrolysis gas, with TLS exhibiting the most pronounced effect. When the concentration of Fe₂(SO₄)₃ in TLS-PNS was 15 wt%, the yield of pyrolysis gas reached a maximum of 42.26 wt% (daf). This value exceeds the yields obtained from pyrolysis of PNS alone and under catalysis of DA or MS. Comparing to pyrolysis of PNS alone, catalytic pyrolysis at a DA/PNS ratio of 40/100 increased the contents of CH₄ and H₂ in pyrolysis gas by 51.27 % and 77.30 %, respectively. Additionally, Ca(OH)₂ in the DA absorbed CO₂ generated during the DA-catalyzed pyrolysis of PNS, thereby improving the quality of the gas. The effect of CH₄ and H₂ enrichment and CO₂ reduction resulted in a lower heating value (LHV) of 8.15 MJ/m³ for DA-catalyzed pyrolysis of PNS, which was 1.1 times higher than that pyrolysis of PNS alone (7.43 MJ/m³). Morphological and structural analyses of the biochar revealed that the integration of DA, MS, and TLS facilitated the thermal decomposition of PNS. This process resulted in increased porosity. The potential catalytic mechanisms of DA were further investigated using model compounds. These findings offer valuable insights into the use of low-cost catalysts for optimizing biomass pyrolysis, thereby contributing to the development of environmentally friendly energy sources.

以脱硫灰（DA）、磨渣（MS）和铁尾矿浸出液（TLS）三种钢铁工业固体废弃物为催化剂，对花生壳（PNS）的催化热解进行了研究。目标是提高热解气体的质量和产量，同时降低催化剂成本，这对可持续能源生产至关重要。在600℃下考察了催化作用对气体分布和质量的影响。实验结果表明，DA、MS和TLS均能显著提高热解气的产率，其中TLS的效果最为显著。当ls - pns中Fe2(SO4)3的浓度为15 wt%时，热解气的产率最高可达42.26 wt% （daf）。与PNS单独热解相比，DA/PNS比为40/100时，热解气体中CH4和H2的含量分别提高了51.27%和77.30%。此外，DA中的Ca(OH)2吸收了DA催化PNS热解过程中产生的CO2，从而提高了气体的质量。由于CH4和H2富集以及CO2还原的作用，da催化PNS热解的热值LHV较低，为8.15 MJ/m3，比单独热解PNS的热值LHV （7.43 MJ/m3）高1.1倍。生物炭的形态和结构分析表明，DA、MS和TLS的结合促进了PNS的热分解。这一过程导致孔隙度增加。利用模型化合物进一步研究了DA的潜在催化机理。这些发现为使用低成本催化剂优化生物质热解提供了有价值的见解，从而有助于环境友好型能源的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Upcycling PET plastic waste into bacterial nanocellulose based electro catalyst efficient in direct methanol fuel cells 将PET塑料垃圾升级为细菌纳米纤维素电催化剂，在直接甲醇燃料电池中效率高

IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100340

Sanja Stevanovic , Jelena Milovanovic , Ramesh Babu Padamati , Vladan R. Cosovic , Dragana Milosevic , Christos Argirusis , Georgia Sourkouni , Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic , Marijana Ponjavic

Bio-upcycling is an emerging end-of-life strategy for the polymer waste treatment that uses the power of microorganisms to biocatalyticaly convert the pre-treated polymer waste monomers into high-added materials. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), one of the leading synthetic polyesters in the global polymer market, produced from petrol based feedstock, still has no completely green alternative to meet global demand. Therefore, putting the PET based waste into a circular loop has become one of the major challenges of plastic waste management. In that context, the present study addressed the conversion of PET containing hydrolysates collected after the thermal pretreatment into bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), nowadays one of the most promising biopolymers produced in a sustainable manner. After the optimization of the BNC production cultivated under different conditions in PET hydrolysates, in a static way, the optimal conditions (yield of 3.0 mg/ml) was applied for scaling up. To further open the applicative potential of the BNC produced from PET containing plastic waste, platinum nanoparticles were deposited onto BNC developing new catalyst active in the methanol oxidation reaction. In order to enhance BNC ability to support Pt nanoparticles, it was blended with poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, producing new PVA/BNC composites, recognized as an improved solid support, rich in hydroxyl groups that serve as an anchor points to Pt deposition. Due to the enrichment of BNC by PVA, it was possible to prepare highly active Pt-based catalyst with only 3 wt% of loaded Pt, which significantly reduce the cost of catalyst production. The cost-effective catalyst was prepared using sodium boron hydride as a reducing agent associated with film casting and fully characterized using FTIR, TGA, XRD, XPS, TEM, SEM-EDX analysis and its potential was confirmed in methanol oxidation reaction. This study explored the circular pathway from PET plastic waste to BNC and further to its potential application in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).

生物升级回收是一种新兴的聚合物废物处理的报废策略，它利用微生物的力量将预处理的聚合物废物单体生物催化转化为高添加量的材料。聚对苯二甲酸乙酯（PET）是全球聚合物市场上领先的合成聚酯之一，由汽油为原料生产，目前仍没有完全绿色的替代品来满足全球需求。因此，将PET基废物放入循环中已成为塑料废物管理的主要挑战之一。在此背景下，本研究解决了热预处理后收集的含有PET水解物转化为细菌纳米纤维素（BNC）的问题，这是目前以可持续方式生产的最有前途的生物聚合物之一。对不同条件下PET水解产物培养的BNC进行优化后，在静态条件下，以产率3.0 mg/ml为最佳条件进行放大。为了进一步开发PET废塑料制备BNC的应用潜力，将铂纳米颗粒沉积在BNC上，开发出具有甲醇氧化反应活性的新型催化剂。为了增强BNC对Pt纳米颗粒的负载能力，将其与聚乙烯醇、PVA混合，制备出新的PVA/BNC复合材料，该复合材料被认为是一种改进的固体载体，富含羟基，可作为Pt沉积的锚点。由于PVA对BNC的富集，仅用3 wt%的负载Pt就可以制备出高活性的Pt基催化剂，大大降低了催化剂的生产成本。以氢化硼钠为还原剂，浇铸成膜，制备了具有成本效益的催化剂，并通过FTIR、TGA、XRD、XPS、TEM、SEM-EDX等分析对催化剂进行了表征，证实了其在甲醇氧化反应中的应用潜力。本研究探索了PET塑料废弃物转化为BNC的循环途径，并进一步探讨了其在直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Recovered carbon black: A comprehensive review of activation, demineralization, and incorporation in rubber matrices 再生炭黑：在橡胶基质中活化、脱矿和掺入的综合综述

IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100334

Clara M.C. Silva , Cristiana Maganinho , Adélio Mendes , João Rocha , Inês Portugal , Carlos M. Silva

The rapid growth of the automobile industry has substantially increased end-of-life tires (ELT) production with over 2 300 million units manufactured in 2022. Despite known processes to recover materials and energy from ELT, a significant number of tires still end up in landfills, posing environmental problems. Pyrolysis offers a promising alternative to produce energy and marketable products like recovered carbon black (rCB). Incorporating rCB into rubber matrices shows potential for partially replacing commercial carbon black, but more research is required to understand its reinforcing effects and recyclability through repeated pyrolysis cycles. Furthermore, tire composition variability affects rCB quality, challenging consistent production for market applications. Post-treatments like activation and demineralization enhance rCB properties but pose challenges, with higher activation degrees improving pore structure but reducing carbon content while demineralization removes impurities but raises concerns about chemical use and equipment wear. Further research is needed to develop scalable and economically viable post-treatments along with their life cycle assessment. Here, a comprehensive literature review on rCB activation and demineralization is presented and, since the ultimate goal is to reuse rCB in the production of new tires, the rCB incorporation into rubber matrices is also reviewed.

汽车工业的快速增长大大增加了废旧轮胎（ELT）的产量，2022年的产量超过23亿只。尽管已知的方法可以从ELT中回收材料和能源，但仍有相当数量的轮胎最终被填埋，造成环境问题。热解为生产能源和可销售产品（如再生炭黑（rCB））提供了一种有前途的替代方法。将rCB加入橡胶基质中显示出部分取代商用炭黑的潜力，但需要更多的研究来了解其强化效果和通过反复热解循环的可回收性。此外，轮胎成分的可变性会影响rCB的质量，对市场应用的一致性生产构成挑战。活化和脱矿等后处理提高了rCB的性能，但也带来了挑战，较高的活化程度改善了孔隙结构，但降低了碳含量，而脱矿去除杂质，但会引起化学品使用和设备磨损的担忧。需要进一步的研究来开发可扩展和经济上可行的后处理以及它们的生命周期评估。在这里，对rCB活化和脱矿进行了全面的文献综述，由于最终目标是在新轮胎的生产中重复使用rCB，因此也对rCB加入橡胶基质进行了综述。

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引用次数: 0

Review and comparison of the methodology adopted for biodiesel production 生物柴油生产方法的回顾和比较

IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100343

Milap G. Nayak

Biodiesel is a versatile energy source synthesized by trans esterifying various edible or nonedible oils using catalysts. It is preferable to diesel because of its higher flash points, reduced sulphur content, and biodegradability. Biodiesel synthesis by esterification or transesterification methods involves conventional homogeneous or heterogeneous, enzymatic, supercritical, ultrasound, and microwave techniques. Since the operating conditions and mechanisms in each method differ, a comprehensive evaluation is necessary. This manuscript examines and covers a comprehensive summary of conventional heating, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. A review of enzymatic, supercritical, microwave, electrolysis, and ultrasound-assisted biodiesel synthesis techniques is also included. The comparative study of a microwave with a conventional system shows that it is superior to the latter due to inverse temperature gradient, high thermal efficiency, and reduction in activation energy, resulting in improved product purity and operating time. It performs better than slower enzymatic processes that involve product inhibition. It outperforms supercritical transesterification, which involves high operating conditions (temperature 200 to 300 °C, pressure 20 to 30 MPa) and product deterioration. When compared to alternative approaches, microwave-aided transesterification significantly reduces response time and outperforms other methods. Techno-economic study and green chemistry principles are also favors in microwave-assisted biodiesel synthesis. Use of oleaginous microorganisms and microalgae as a feedstock, and process integration using valorization of waste glycerol, improved the sustainability of biodiesel synthesis.

生物柴油是利用催化剂将各种食用或非食用油脂进行反式酯化而合成的一种多功能能源。它比柴油更可取，因为它的闪点更高，硫含量更低，而且可生物降解。通过酯化或酯交换方法合成生物柴油涉及传统的均相或非均相、酶、超临界、超声波和微波技术。由于每种方法的运行条件和机制不同，因此有必要进行综合评价。这篇手稿检查并涵盖了传统加热，均相和多相催化系统的全面总结。综述了酶、超临界、微波、电解和超声辅助生物柴油合成技术。通过与传统系统的对比研究表明，微波系统具有温度梯度反、热效率高、活化能降低等优点，从而提高了产品纯度和操作时间。它比涉及产物抑制的较慢的酶促过程表现更好。它优于超临界酯交换，超临界酯交换涉及高操作条件（温度200至300℃，压力20至30 MPa）和产品变质。与其他方法相比，微波辅助酯交换反应显著缩短了反应时间，优于其他方法。技术经济研究和绿色化学原理也有利于微波辅助生物柴油的合成。利用产油微生物和微藻作为原料，并利用废甘油进行工艺整合，提高了生物柴油合成的可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon sequestration from high-BOD wastewater for efficient supercapacitor electrode 高效超级电容器电极对高生化需氧量废水的固碳研究

IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100341

Supapit Rawisod , Thi Tuong Vi Tran , Chanatip Samart , Guoqing Guan , Prasert Reubroycharoen , Lalita Attanatho , Yoothana Thanmongkhon , Suwadee Kongparakul

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising techno-economic method for biomass waste valorization owing to its advantages over other thermochemical processes. This study focused on carbon sequestration from sugarcane bioethanol distillery wastewater via HTC and chemical activation to produce activated carbon (AC). The resulting AC was then applied as an active material for supercapacitor electrodes. The introduction of redox molecules, such as 1,4-anthraquinone (AQ) and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ), on AC increased charge storage capability via redox transformation and enhanced the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor electrode. Electrochemical testing showed that AC loaded with 16 wt% PQ achieved the highest specific capacitance of 488.21 F g⁻¹ with remarkable capacitance retention of 95.3 % after 1000 charge–discharge cycles. N-doped AC obtained from the HTC of wastewater and melamine presented a slightly enhanced specific capacitance. Various commercial LEDs with a voltage range of 1.8–3.0 V were illuminated simultaneously by connecting them to two series of symmetric supercapacitors, demonstrating the potential application of our proposed strategy in energy storage systems. This study proposes a simple and efficient strategy to utilize wastewater and achieve net-zero emission goals in a Bio-Circular-Green Economy model.

水热炭化是一种很有前途的技术经济方法，具有其他热化学方法无法比拟的优越性。本研究主要针对甘蔗生物乙醇蒸馏废水进行碳固存和化学活化制备活性炭（AC）的研究。由此产生的交流电随后被用作超级电容器电极的活性材料。在交流电极上引入1,4-蒽醌（AQ）和9,10-菲醌（PQ）等氧化还原分子，通过氧化还原转化提高了电荷存储能力，提高了超级电容器电极的电化学性能。电化学测试表明，负载16 wt% PQ的交流电容达到了最高的488.21 F g−1，在1000次充放电循环后电容保持率达到了95.3%。从废水和三聚氰胺的HTC中获得的n掺杂交流电的比电容略有增强。通过将电压范围为1.8-3.0 V的各种商用led连接到两组对称超级电容器上同时照明，证明了我们提出的策略在储能系统中的潜在应用。本研究提出了一种简单有效的策略来利用废水，并在生物循环-绿色经济模型中实现净零排放目标。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal-dissolution based carbon enrichment of biomass: Coking application of the Extract 基于热溶解的生物质碳富集：萃取物的焦化应用

IF 7.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100335

Zhenzhong Hu , Dawei Hu , Xianzhe Liu , Xian Li , Xiaoyong Zhang , Linlin Yi , Guangqian Luo , Hongyun Hu , Hong Yao

The steel industry’s massive iron production in China necessitates urgent development of low-CO₂-emission coking technologies. While carbon–neutral biomass represents a promising substitute for metallurgical coals, its detrimental impacts on coke quality raise significant concerns. This study experimentally validates a novel biomass-based metallurgical feedstock preparation method – Thermal-dissolution based carbon enrichment (TDCE) − through pilot-scale trials. By replacing 10–20% of caking/fat coal with biomass Extract, the coke strength after reaction of cokes increased from 41.72% to 44.80%, while the coke reactivity index decreased from 35.24% to 30.56%. These results confirm the technical viability and competitive advantages of biomass Extract over conventional bonded coals in terms of both cost-effectiveness and renewability. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the TDCE process induces deep aromatization and structural alignment in biomass, endowing the Extract with thermoplastic properties comparable to viscous components in bonded coals. This modified Extract significantly enhances metaplast formation during the plastic stage by extending the plastic temperature range. Moreover, the low ash content and renewability properties of Extract further contributes to the clean and low-CO₂-emission preparation of metallurgical cokes. Therefore, this study provides a novel, green and effective biomass-based coking strategy with great potential for industrial application.

中国钢铁工业的大规模钢铁生产迫切需要开发低二氧化碳排放的焦化技术。虽然碳中性生物质代表了冶金煤的一种很有前途的替代品，但它对焦炭质量的有害影响引起了人们的极大关注。本研究通过中试验证了一种新的生物质冶金原料制备方法-热溶解碳富集（TDCE）。用生物质抽提液替代10-20%的结焦/脂肪煤，焦炭反应后的焦炭强度由41.72%提高到44.80%，反应性指数由35.24%降低到30.56%。这些结果证实了生物质提取物在成本效益和可再生性方面优于传统结合煤的技术可行性和竞争优势。机理分析表明，TDCE过程在生物质中引起了深度芳构化和结构取向，使萃取物具有与粘合煤中的粘性组分相当的热塑性性能。这种改性提取物通过延长塑性温度范围，显著提高了塑性阶段的元质体形成。此外，萃取物的低灰分含量和可再生特性进一步有助于冶金焦的清洁和低二氧化碳排放制备。因此，本研究提供了一种新颖、绿色、有效的生物质焦化策略，具有很大的工业应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0