Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/esmy.02.2022.114.118
M. Khan, T. Khan, Umer Sadiq Khan, N. Rahman
Litho-structural mapping in an inaccessible rugged and mountainous region like the Central Salt range has frequently been a great challenge and importance for geologists. For this purpose, in the present study, litho-structural mapping was carried out based on enhancement and interpretation of Landsat 8 USGS data by the application of remote sensing and GIS technology and further verified by the data which was collected in field work to the study area. Different band combinations of the image are applied for visual image interpretation to digitize the rock boundaries while as Sobel and Laplacian filtering techniques are utilized for lineament mapping. The purpose of our field work was a comprehensive mapping of Geology and related structural aspects of Kufri, Jhalar, Chamnaki, Surraki, Khura and Naushehra area, Central Salt Range, district Khushab Punjab Pakistan in the Central Salt Range Pakistan. It includes Litho-structural Mapping at scale of 1:10,000. The results and conclusion of this study demonstrate that the processing and interpretation of Satellite data set can be employed as a powerful tool to improve lithological discrimination and enhance the overall mapping performance in the rugged and hilly terrain like Salt range.
{"title":"LITHO-STRUCTURAL MAPPING USING REMOTE SENSING AND FIELD WORK TECHNIQUES: A CASE STUDY FROM CENTRAL SALT RANGE, DISTRICT KHUSHAB PUNJAB PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Khan, T. Khan, Umer Sadiq Khan, N. Rahman","doi":"10.26480/esmy.02.2022.114.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2022.114.118","url":null,"abstract":"Litho-structural mapping in an inaccessible rugged and mountainous region like the Central Salt range has frequently been a great challenge and importance for geologists. For this purpose, in the present study, litho-structural mapping was carried out based on enhancement and interpretation of Landsat 8 USGS data by the application of remote sensing and GIS technology and further verified by the data which was collected in field work to the study area. Different band combinations of the image are applied for visual image interpretation to digitize the rock boundaries while as Sobel and Laplacian filtering techniques are utilized for lineament mapping. The purpose of our field work was a comprehensive mapping of Geology and related structural aspects of Kufri, Jhalar, Chamnaki, Surraki, Khura and Naushehra area, Central Salt Range, district Khushab Punjab Pakistan in the Central Salt Range Pakistan. It includes Litho-structural Mapping at scale of 1:10,000. The results and conclusion of this study demonstrate that the processing and interpretation of Satellite data set can be employed as a powerful tool to improve lithological discrimination and enhance the overall mapping performance in the rugged and hilly terrain like Salt range.","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is an extremely crucial issue in Bangladesh and is affecting people displacement in Bangladesh both sudden and gradual environmental change. To conduct the study, both the qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted, the primary data are collected through participant observation, key informant interview (KII), Focus group discussion and Questionnaire methods. In total, 120 questionnaires were operated in 3 unions. In addition, estimate of Displacement hazard impact analysis, weight analysis, and effective adaptation analysis with various Ranking. The study prescribed 14 adaptation policies for resolving climate displacement problem, in which Incorporate climate Change in long term planning, Grass plantation, Multi crops cultivation in a land Promote awareness, Embankment construction, Salt production Using deep tube-well for pure drinking water, Livelihood skill development are highly effective adaptation policies. This study will help for resolving the displacement problem and overall adaptation goals.
{"title":"TRENDS OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS AND RESILIENCE PRACTICES OF CLIMATE DISPLACED PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN COAST OF BANGLADESH","authors":"Fatema Sultana Ratna, Md. Enamul Hoque, P. Barua, Md. Rejuanul Haque","doi":"10.26480/esmy.02.2022.119.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2022.119.129","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is an extremely crucial issue in Bangladesh and is affecting people displacement in Bangladesh both sudden and gradual environmental change. To conduct the study, both the qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted, the primary data are collected through participant observation, key informant interview (KII), Focus group discussion and Questionnaire methods. In total, 120 questionnaires were operated in 3 unions. In addition, estimate of Displacement hazard impact analysis, weight analysis, and effective adaptation analysis with various Ranking. The study prescribed 14 adaptation policies for resolving climate displacement problem, in which Incorporate climate Change in long term planning, Grass plantation, Multi crops cultivation in a land Promote awareness, Embankment construction, Salt production Using deep tube-well for pure drinking water, Livelihood skill development are highly effective adaptation policies. This study will help for resolving the displacement problem and overall adaptation goals.","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/esmy.01.2022.01.10
Udota S. Benjamin, T. I., Horsfall I. Opiriyabo, Mogaba P.
Due to the occurrence of earth tremors which leads to the vibrations of foundations and perhaps failure of buildings and roads, it is therefore important to understand and have knowledge of the geomechanical soil properties for foundation design, assessment of risks and suggestion of mitigation plans in engineering structures and road construction. A total of 3 boreholes were drilled with the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) performed and Downhole Seismic Test (DST) carried out in the boreholes located within Assa to investigate the Geomechanical soil properties in the area. For the geophysical survey, the downhole seismic test was carried out to determine the P-wave and S-wave. The results were processed using the generalized reciprocal method (GRM) with the Seisimager program. The results of soil dynamic modulus (shear, young and bulk modulus) and Poisson ratio recorded from DST conducted in BH1, BH2 and BH3 ranges from 7300 KPa to 72390 KPa, 0.31 to 0.41 for the Poisson ratio. Meanwhile, soil static modulus and Poisson’s ratio recorded from SPT conducted in BH1, BH2 and BH3 ranges from 2520 to 44687.0 KPa, 0.20 to 0.55 for the Poisson ratio respectively. The results of this study have shown that there is a wide variation between geomechanical properties derived from geotechnical investigations (static properties) and geophysical investigations (dynamic properties). Based on depth trend analysis, the dynamic and static soil elastic properties all increases with depth. Generally, the dynamic soil properties were significantly higher than the static elastic properties. At shallow depths (<12.0 m), the difference between static and dynamic soil modulus was relatively small, but increased with increasing depth. Meanwhile, the difference between static and dynamic Poisson ratio was high at shallow depth and it decreased with increased depths where they almost overlap. Correlation between the derived static and dynamic properties all revealed positive correlation trends. The strength of the correlation was highest for young modulus (r=0.87) which was closely followed by the shear modulus (r=0.63). Meanwhile, Poisson ratio (r=0.40) and bulk modulus (r=0.23) revealed weak positive correlation trends. The regression models generated from this study were used to derive static elastic properties and compared with the static properties obtained from geotechnical investigation thereby deriving the equations Dynamic Shear Modulus = (1.4207 x Static Shear Modulus) + 5022, Dynamic Young Modulus = (2.0241 x static young modulus) + 5054.8, Dynamic Bulk Modulus = (1.7852 x static bulk modulus) + 15458, Dynamic Poisson’s ratio = (0.1812 x Static Poisson’s ratio) + 0.3154. The results showed fairly good match between static (geotechnical) shear modulus and static (from regression model) shear modulus, static (geotechnical) young modulus and static (from regression model) young modulus. There was no good match obtained for bulk modulus and Poisson ratio generally, ex
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATIC SHEAR MODULUS AND DYNAMIC SHEAR MODULUS DETERMINED BY GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION","authors":"Udota S. Benjamin, T. I., Horsfall I. Opiriyabo, Mogaba P.","doi":"10.26480/esmy.01.2022.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.01.2022.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the occurrence of earth tremors which leads to the vibrations of foundations and perhaps failure of buildings and roads, it is therefore important to understand and have knowledge of the geomechanical soil properties for foundation design, assessment of risks and suggestion of mitigation plans in engineering structures and road construction. A total of 3 boreholes were drilled with the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) performed and Downhole Seismic Test (DST) carried out in the boreholes located within Assa to investigate the Geomechanical soil properties in the area. For the geophysical survey, the downhole seismic test was carried out to determine the P-wave and S-wave. The results were processed using the generalized reciprocal method (GRM) with the Seisimager program. The results of soil dynamic modulus (shear, young and bulk modulus) and Poisson ratio recorded from DST conducted in BH1, BH2 and BH3 ranges from 7300 KPa to 72390 KPa, 0.31 to 0.41 for the Poisson ratio. Meanwhile, soil static modulus and Poisson’s ratio recorded from SPT conducted in BH1, BH2 and BH3 ranges from 2520 to 44687.0 KPa, 0.20 to 0.55 for the Poisson ratio respectively. The results of this study have shown that there is a wide variation between geomechanical properties derived from geotechnical investigations (static properties) and geophysical investigations (dynamic properties). Based on depth trend analysis, the dynamic and static soil elastic properties all increases with depth. Generally, the dynamic soil properties were significantly higher than the static elastic properties. At shallow depths (<12.0 m), the difference between static and dynamic soil modulus was relatively small, but increased with increasing depth. Meanwhile, the difference between static and dynamic Poisson ratio was high at shallow depth and it decreased with increased depths where they almost overlap. Correlation between the derived static and dynamic properties all revealed positive correlation trends. The strength of the correlation was highest for young modulus (r=0.87) which was closely followed by the shear modulus (r=0.63). Meanwhile, Poisson ratio (r=0.40) and bulk modulus (r=0.23) revealed weak positive correlation trends. The regression models generated from this study were used to derive static elastic properties and compared with the static properties obtained from geotechnical investigation thereby deriving the equations Dynamic Shear Modulus = (1.4207 x Static Shear Modulus) + 5022, Dynamic Young Modulus = (2.0241 x static young modulus) + 5054.8, Dynamic Bulk Modulus = (1.7852 x static bulk modulus) + 15458, Dynamic Poisson’s ratio = (0.1812 x Static Poisson’s ratio) + 0.3154. The results showed fairly good match between static (geotechnical) shear modulus and static (from regression model) shear modulus, static (geotechnical) young modulus and static (from regression model) young modulus. There was no good match obtained for bulk modulus and Poisson ratio generally, ex","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/esmy.01.2022.40.49
Ozoemena C. Mark, Uko E. Daniel, Horsfall I. Opiriyabo
This purpose of this study is to evaluate the petrophysical properties of hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs in ‘Glory Field’ onshore Niger Delta using well log data from five wells. Petrophysical properties evaluated are shale volume, thickness, porosity, net to gross, formation factor, irreducible water saturation, permeability, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation and pay thickness. The well logs suite contained the following logs: gamma ray, resistivity, density and neutron logs. A total of three reservoir sands (Sand A, Sand B, and C) were identified and correlated across all five wells using Schlumberger Petrel Software. From the result, on average density, Vp/Vs ratio, AI, shale volume, net to gross ratio, net thickness, effective porosity, permeability, water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation values are 2.15g/cm3, 2.28, 5406.67gcm3ms-1, 26%, 74%, 66.99ft, 25%, 2331.14mD, 48% and 52% respectively for sand A reservoir, while 2.17 g/cm3, 2.05, 6117.38 gcm3ms-1,14%, 86%, 185.04 ft, 26%, 2359.88mD, 56% and 46% respectively for sand B reservoir, and 2.18g/cm3, 2.01, 6275.95gcm3ms-1, 14%, 86%, 197.52ft, 25%, 2121.27mD, 53% and 47% respectively for sand C reservoir. The results of this research revealed very good effective porosity (>20%), excellent reservoir permeability (>1500mD) and pay zone thicknesses exceeding 70ft which are sufficient for hydrocarbon production and field development.
{"title":"PETROPHYSICAL STUDY OF ‘GLORY FIELD’ RESERVOIR IN SOUTHERN PART OF NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA USING WELL LOG DATA","authors":"Ozoemena C. Mark, Uko E. Daniel, Horsfall I. Opiriyabo","doi":"10.26480/esmy.01.2022.40.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.01.2022.40.49","url":null,"abstract":"This purpose of this study is to evaluate the petrophysical properties of hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs in ‘Glory Field’ onshore Niger Delta using well log data from five wells. Petrophysical properties evaluated are shale volume, thickness, porosity, net to gross, formation factor, irreducible water saturation, permeability, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation and pay thickness. The well logs suite contained the following logs: gamma ray, resistivity, density and neutron logs. A total of three reservoir sands (Sand A, Sand B, and C) were identified and correlated across all five wells using Schlumberger Petrel Software. From the result, on average density, Vp/Vs ratio, AI, shale volume, net to gross ratio, net thickness, effective porosity, permeability, water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation values are 2.15g/cm3, 2.28, 5406.67gcm3ms-1, 26%, 74%, 66.99ft, 25%, 2331.14mD, 48% and 52% respectively for sand A reservoir, while 2.17 g/cm3, 2.05, 6117.38 gcm3ms-1,14%, 86%, 185.04 ft, 26%, 2359.88mD, 56% and 46% respectively for sand B reservoir, and 2.18g/cm3, 2.01, 6275.95gcm3ms-1, 14%, 86%, 197.52ft, 25%, 2121.27mD, 53% and 47% respectively for sand C reservoir. The results of this research revealed very good effective porosity (>20%), excellent reservoir permeability (>1500mD) and pay zone thicknesses exceeding 70ft which are sufficient for hydrocarbon production and field development.","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/esmy.01.2022.11.14
E. E. Meybodi, Syed Khaliq Hussain
In the present work, we deal with the geomorphological features formed by karstification in the dolomite of the Drinjal Formation. The study area is located on the southeast wall of the Saddat Sirize iron mine, which is mostly covered by the sedimentary sequence of the Drinjal Formation. The geomorphological features have a direct effect on the slope stability, extraction of the orebody, etc., in a mining project. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of karst geomorphology on the mining project. For this purpose, fields methods were used to examine the dolomite of Drinjal formation. Dolomite in the study area has a variety of developed karstic geomorphological features such needle shape karrens, solution runnel karrens and cryclastic karrens, conical shape doline and Collapse dolines, Karstic cavity and Karst windows. karst geomorphology makes it highly susceptible to a variety of different geological hazards. These karstic geomorphologies can cause the instability of the Saddat Sirize iron mine wall.
{"title":"THE KARSTIC GEOMORPHOLOGY IN THE DOLOMITE OF DRINJAL FORMATION IN CENTRAL IRAN (CASE STUDY SADDAT SIRIZE IRON MINE)","authors":"E. E. Meybodi, Syed Khaliq Hussain","doi":"10.26480/esmy.01.2022.11.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.01.2022.11.14","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, we deal with the geomorphological features formed by karstification in the dolomite of the Drinjal Formation. The study area is located on the southeast wall of the Saddat Sirize iron mine, which is mostly covered by the sedimentary sequence of the Drinjal Formation. The geomorphological features have a direct effect on the slope stability, extraction of the orebody, etc., in a mining project. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of karst geomorphology on the mining project. For this purpose, fields methods were used to examine the dolomite of Drinjal formation. Dolomite in the study area has a variety of developed karstic geomorphological features such needle shape karrens, solution runnel karrens and cryclastic karrens, conical shape doline and Collapse dolines, Karstic cavity and Karst windows. karst geomorphology makes it highly susceptible to a variety of different geological hazards. These karstic geomorphologies can cause the instability of the Saddat Sirize iron mine wall.","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/esmy.02.2022.96.102
Muhammad Ilyas, Muhammad Yasir, M. Hossain, Sulaiman khan
The research of land use and land cover (LULC) changes aids in the management of environmental sustainability. The study investigates fluctuations in urban development, LULC, and the advancement of an environmentally sound area of Charsadda in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The method of classification algorithm of maximum likelihood for Landsat 7 and 8 obtained from 2007 to 2019 has been evaluated and carried out for a period of 12 years using a geographic information system and remote sensing data. For the extraction of the urban area and calculating changes in the composite of classed images, the raster Boolean approach has been utilized. To reduce negligible noise objects, post-classification filtering methods have been used. According to the classification findings from 2007 to 2013, the built-up area increased by 13.76 percent. Barren land has seen a 10.12% decline and vegetation has had a 3.73 percent gain, while aquatic bodies have seen a 0.08 percent increase. During the six-year period between 2013 and 2019, the built-up area increased by 11.52 percent, although vegetation (2.49 percent) and bare land decreased rapidly (8.90 percent). Water bodies also decreased by 0.12% at this time. The study’s findings suggest that the most significant changes have been found in built-up land, which increased by 25.29 percent overall between 2007 and 2019, despite a significant reduction in the vegetation zone and bare land. For the years 2007, 2013, and 2019, the total accuracy of land use and land cover classification has been 0.78 percent, 0.79 percent, and 0.76 percent, respectively. The study’s findings reveal a number of important changes in land-use and land-cover patterns in the studied area, which can be used to make recommendations and serve as a foundation for urban planning.
{"title":"URBAN AREA EXTRACTION AND LAND USE LAND COVER MONITORING OF CHARSADDA DISTRICT, PAKISTAN","authors":"Muhammad Ilyas, Muhammad Yasir, M. Hossain, Sulaiman khan","doi":"10.26480/esmy.02.2022.96.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2022.96.102","url":null,"abstract":"The research of land use and land cover (LULC) changes aids in the management of environmental sustainability. The study investigates fluctuations in urban development, LULC, and the advancement of an environmentally sound area of Charsadda in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The method of classification algorithm of maximum likelihood for Landsat 7 and 8 obtained from 2007 to 2019 has been evaluated and carried out for a period of 12 years using a geographic information system and remote sensing data. For the extraction of the urban area and calculating changes in the composite of classed images, the raster Boolean approach has been utilized. To reduce negligible noise objects, post-classification filtering methods have been used. According to the classification findings from 2007 to 2013, the built-up area increased by 13.76 percent. Barren land has seen a 10.12% decline and vegetation has had a 3.73 percent gain, while aquatic bodies have seen a 0.08 percent increase. During the six-year period between 2013 and 2019, the built-up area increased by 11.52 percent, although vegetation (2.49 percent) and bare land decreased rapidly (8.90 percent). Water bodies also decreased by 0.12% at this time. The study’s findings suggest that the most significant changes have been found in built-up land, which increased by 25.29 percent overall between 2007 and 2019, despite a significant reduction in the vegetation zone and bare land. For the years 2007, 2013, and 2019, the total accuracy of land use and land cover classification has been 0.78 percent, 0.79 percent, and 0.76 percent, respectively. The study’s findings reveal a number of important changes in land-use and land-cover patterns in the studied area, which can be used to make recommendations and serve as a foundation for urban planning.","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/esmy.02.2022.130.135
M. C. Wilson, Emmanuel Kwesi Arkaifie, Bernard Cudjoe, Jeremiah Mensah, Bernard Audinada Ampofo
The main aim of this project is to determine the structures, petrography, strength and competence of Dahomeyan granitic rocks at Green Valley and Akrofu in Ghana and compare them from both localities in terms of their mineralogical composition and strength properties. Thin sections were prepared with rock samples from the field at the KNUST Geological Engineering Laboratory and petrographic microscope used to determine the different types of minerals in the samples and also the rock type. The mechanical strengths of the rocks were determined at the KNUST Civil Engineering Laboratory using Schmidt Hammer device. The studied Dahomeyan rocks at both Akrofu and Green Valley are respectively classified as granodiorite and biotite granitic gneiss. The mineralogical composition of different modal percentages includes quartz, feldspars, biotite, muscovite and hornblende. The presence of fractures and foliations due to a mafic biotite mineral indicate deformations rocks. The granodiorite is classified as weak rock with compressive strength of 23.50 MPa. This is due to higher fractures in the rock. In conclusion, the higher the presence of high grade of fractures and foliations due to biotite mineral, the weaker the strength of the rock. The biotite granite gneiss at Green Valley can thus be useful as crushed stone in road construction as well as for building material. For the rock texture, coarser mineral fabric corresponds to higher uniaxial compressive strength. The strength of these granitoids were influenced by the climatological changes as well as the intensity of weathering they had undergone within the area.
{"title":"PETROLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DAHOMEYAN GRANITIC ROCKS – A CASE STUDY AT GREEN VALLEY AND AKROFU","authors":"M. C. Wilson, Emmanuel Kwesi Arkaifie, Bernard Cudjoe, Jeremiah Mensah, Bernard Audinada Ampofo","doi":"10.26480/esmy.02.2022.130.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2022.130.135","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this project is to determine the structures, petrography, strength and competence of Dahomeyan granitic rocks at Green Valley and Akrofu in Ghana and compare them from both localities in terms of their mineralogical composition and strength properties. Thin sections were prepared with rock samples from the field at the KNUST Geological Engineering Laboratory and petrographic microscope used to determine the different types of minerals in the samples and also the rock type. The mechanical strengths of the rocks were determined at the KNUST Civil Engineering Laboratory using Schmidt Hammer device. The studied Dahomeyan rocks at both Akrofu and Green Valley are respectively classified as granodiorite and biotite granitic gneiss. The mineralogical composition of different modal percentages includes quartz, feldspars, biotite, muscovite and hornblende. The presence of fractures and foliations due to a mafic biotite mineral indicate deformations rocks. The granodiorite is classified as weak rock with compressive strength of 23.50 MPa. This is due to higher fractures in the rock. In conclusion, the higher the presence of high grade of fractures and foliations due to biotite mineral, the weaker the strength of the rock. The biotite granite gneiss at Green Valley can thus be useful as crushed stone in road construction as well as for building material. For the rock texture, coarser mineral fabric corresponds to higher uniaxial compressive strength. The strength of these granitoids were influenced by the climatological changes as well as the intensity of weathering they had undergone within the area.","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/esmy.01.2022.50.55
Mfoniso U. Aka, Moses M. M. Ekpa, Christopher I. Effiong, Azuanamibebi D. Osu, Johnson C. Ibuot
This study integrates seismic refraction technique (SRT) and laboratory test technique (LTT) methods in order to evaluates the slope stability characteristics of the sedimentary rocks at Mary-Slessor Secondary School, South-South, Nigeria. The integrated approach was adopted to investigate the material strength, soil resistivity and delineate optimal slopes with regards to the factor of safety (FOS). Three layers were delineated in the field analysis, the velocity and resistivity of the first, second and third layers range from (460.5 – 1050) m/s and (850 – 1220) Ωm at 5.61 m depth, (1705 – 2100) m/s, (560 – 650) Ωm at 7.20 m, and (2000 – 2500) m/s, (330 – 450) Ωm at 13.3 m respectively. The elastic parameters obtained from SRT and LTT ranged from (1.1 – 2021.1) kN/m2 and (1.2 – 2270) kN/m2. The result revealed the material’s strengths of the third layer formation with a high velocity and low resistivity being optimally stable with regards to FOS.
{"title":"INTEGRATION OF SEISMIC REFRACTION AND LABORATORY TEST TECHNIQUES FOR SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS, SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA","authors":"Mfoniso U. Aka, Moses M. M. Ekpa, Christopher I. Effiong, Azuanamibebi D. Osu, Johnson C. Ibuot","doi":"10.26480/esmy.01.2022.50.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.01.2022.50.55","url":null,"abstract":"This study integrates seismic refraction technique (SRT) and laboratory test technique (LTT) methods in order to evaluates the slope stability characteristics of the sedimentary rocks at Mary-Slessor Secondary School, South-South, Nigeria. The integrated approach was adopted to investigate the material strength, soil resistivity and delineate optimal slopes with regards to the factor of safety (FOS). Three layers were delineated in the field analysis, the velocity and resistivity of the first, second and third layers range from (460.5 – 1050) m/s and (850 – 1220) Ωm at 5.61 m depth, (1705 – 2100) m/s, (560 – 650) Ωm at 7.20 m, and (2000 – 2500) m/s, (330 – 450) Ωm at 13.3 m respectively. The elastic parameters obtained from SRT and LTT ranged from (1.1 – 2021.1) kN/m2 and (1.2 – 2270) kN/m2. The result revealed the material’s strengths of the third layer formation with a high velocity and low resistivity being optimally stable with regards to FOS.","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/esmy.02.2022.112.113
Xinru Zhang
Extreme precipitation event is one of the most extensive and harmful meteorological disasters in China and even the world. Discussing the research situation of extreme precipitation under the background of climate change can grasp the research status and hot spots in this field from a macro perspective and provide a reference for in-depth understanding of the causes and trends of extreme precipitation. Since 1992, the research on extreme precipitation has been gradually carried out, so this study systematically counts and analyzes the scientific literature from the CNKI database from 1992 to 2022 by bibliometric. It shows that the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events increase in the China monsoon region, and the regional differences are obvious. It also has a great impact on agricultural production and vegetation coverage. In addition, in recent years, scholars have gradually carried out research on the relationship between extreme precipitation and atmospheric circulation, especially the relationship between the spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation and ENSO events, which has become a new research hotspot. It is suggested that future studies should comprehensively analyze various influencing factors, quantitatively analyze the impact of extreme precipitation on agricultural production and vegetation coverage, and put forward corresponding solutions.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPACTS OF EXTREME PRECIPITATION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: BASED ON CNKI LITERATURE INVESTIGATION","authors":"Xinru Zhang","doi":"10.26480/esmy.02.2022.112.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2022.112.113","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme precipitation event is one of the most extensive and harmful meteorological disasters in China and even the world. Discussing the research situation of extreme precipitation under the background of climate change can grasp the research status and hot spots in this field from a macro perspective and provide a reference for in-depth understanding of the causes and trends of extreme precipitation. Since 1992, the research on extreme precipitation has been gradually carried out, so this study systematically counts and analyzes the scientific literature from the CNKI database from 1992 to 2022 by bibliometric. It shows that the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events increase in the China monsoon region, and the regional differences are obvious. It also has a great impact on agricultural production and vegetation coverage. In addition, in recent years, scholars have gradually carried out research on the relationship between extreme precipitation and atmospheric circulation, especially the relationship between the spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation and ENSO events, which has become a new research hotspot. It is suggested that future studies should comprehensively analyze various influencing factors, quantitatively analyze the impact of extreme precipitation on agricultural production and vegetation coverage, and put forward corresponding solutions.","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.26480/esmy.02.2021.104.113
Ö. Çakır, N. Coşkun
We invert Love surface waves and electrical resistivities to cooperatively examine the physical properties of the depth range shallower than 50-m. To analyze this depth range is essential for earthquake mitigation efforts. The shear-wave velocity (VS30) is particularly important to describe the dynamic characteristics of shallow Earth. The Love surface waves are treated in terms of both phase and group velocities. The phase velocities are obtained from the slant stacking while for the group velocities the multiple filter technique is utilized. A typical shot-gather is assumed to simulate the field collection of the surface wave data. The phase velocity curve represents the average structure beneath the geophone spread. The group velocity curve represents the average structure from the source to the geophone. In a single-station fashion, for each geophone location one group velocity curve is obtained. A linear system is set up to convert these single-station group velocity curves into local group velocity curves at grid points. The latter group velocities are inverted to attain the shear-wave velocity cross section. A similar approach is adopted to study the electrical resistivity structure of the underground. We simulate the field application using a theoretical model. Multiple electrode Pole-Pole array is assumed for the field collection of the resistivity data. The apparent (measured) resistivity values are inverted to attain the true resistivity structure in terms of a cross section. The inverted structures are one-dimensional reflecting depth dependent shear-wave velocities and electrical resistivities underneath the studied region.
{"title":"LOVE SURFACE WAVES AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY USED TO DELINEATE THE NEAR SURFACE GEOPHYSICAL STRUCTURE: THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS","authors":"Ö. Çakır, N. Coşkun","doi":"10.26480/esmy.02.2021.104.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2021.104.113","url":null,"abstract":"We invert Love surface waves and electrical resistivities to cooperatively examine the physical properties of the depth range shallower than 50-m. To analyze this depth range is essential for earthquake mitigation efforts. The shear-wave velocity (VS30) is particularly important to describe the dynamic characteristics of shallow Earth. The Love surface waves are treated in terms of both phase and group velocities. The phase velocities are obtained from the slant stacking while for the group velocities the multiple filter technique is utilized. A typical shot-gather is assumed to simulate the field collection of the surface wave data. The phase velocity curve represents the average structure beneath the geophone spread. The group velocity curve represents the average structure from the source to the geophone. In a single-station fashion, for each geophone location one group velocity curve is obtained. A linear system is set up to convert these single-station group velocity curves into local group velocity curves at grid points. The latter group velocities are inverted to attain the shear-wave velocity cross section. A similar approach is adopted to study the electrical resistivity structure of the underground. We simulate the field application using a theoretical model. Multiple electrode Pole-Pole array is assumed for the field collection of the resistivity data. The apparent (measured) resistivity values are inverted to attain the true resistivity structure in terms of a cross section. The inverted structures are one-dimensional reflecting depth dependent shear-wave velocities and electrical resistivities underneath the studied region.","PeriodicalId":53062,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Malaysia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42125229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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