Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/demografija2219057s
Gabriela Stojković-Miletić
The majority of rural youth do not see their strengths and opportunities for progress from socially rooted family relationships, as well as from the place of living. As such, together with the city's youth, is on the edge of Serbian society's system. Faced with numerous problems and accompanying phenomena, such as the prolonged youth due to education or the economic dependence on parents, the feeling of deprivation dominates among the rural youth, i.e. the state of completely or insufficiently fulfilled psychological, social or emotional needs. Migration of rural youth is generally one of the biggest issues of rural areas all over the world, including Serbia. A number of reasons attract rural youth population to the city (so-called pull factors): better livelihood prospects, a greater offer of jobs, higher level of earnings, entertainment contents, better opportunities for professional success, anonymity as well as a variety of goods and services, etc. The repulsive factors found in the countryside (the so-called push factors) are: shortage of arable land, unemployment, low and uncertain income and level of earnings, social control and dependence, monotony and boredom, insufficiently diverse offer of goods and services, etc. On the other hand, those who do not speak in favor of resettlement see the village as a place of greater freedom and peace.
{"title":"The way of life and needs of young people in the villages of the Pčinja area: The example of the villages of Tibužde, Rataje and Vrtogoš","authors":"Gabriela Stojković-Miletić","doi":"10.5937/demografija2219057s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2219057s","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of rural youth do not see their strengths and opportunities for progress from socially rooted family relationships, as well as from the place of living. As such, together with the city's youth, is on the edge of Serbian society's system. Faced with numerous problems and accompanying phenomena, such as the prolonged youth due to education or the economic dependence on parents, the feeling of deprivation dominates among the rural youth, i.e. the state of completely or insufficiently fulfilled psychological, social or emotional needs. Migration of rural youth is generally one of the biggest issues of rural areas all over the world, including Serbia. A number of reasons attract rural youth population to the city (so-called pull factors): better livelihood prospects, a greater offer of jobs, higher level of earnings, entertainment contents, better opportunities for professional success, anonymity as well as a variety of goods and services, etc. The repulsive factors found in the countryside (the so-called push factors) are: shortage of arable land, unemployment, low and uncertain income and level of earnings, social control and dependence, monotony and boredom, insufficiently diverse offer of goods and services, etc. On the other hand, those who do not speak in favor of resettlement see the village as a place of greater freedom and peace.","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91006139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/demografija2219039m
I. Marinković
The research of thirty-year changes in the mortality of the population of Serbia (1990-2021) is given through two basic indicators of mortality. Using the decompose method to calculated the effect of population aging on the difference between crude mortality rates, as well as the contributions of specific mortality rates and leading causes of death in the changes in life expectancy. The crude death rate shows that the intensity of dying in Serbia is very high. The pandemic contributed to record values in the last two years. Overall, in the period 1990-2019, the negative contribution of the age structure is twice as intense as the positive effect of age-specific mortality rates. Aging is more intense in the female population, which explains the greater increase in the crude death rate in women. The data show that the importance of demographic aging has always been more pronounced. The main characteristic in the observed time interval is that mortality decreases at all ages and that all age groups had a positive effect on life expectancy, as well as that men and women in Serbia have a different pattern of decreasing mortality by age. The most significant effect on life expectancy was the reduction of infant mortality (a fifth of the total contribution), a common feature of the male and female populations. In other age groups, men have more pronounced contributions up to the age of 50, and women in older cohorts. Due to higher mortality rates, the space for improving mortality is greater in young and middle-aged men than in women, so the positive effects are more pronounced at these ages. The largest number of leading causes of death burdens the population of Serbia less now than three decades earlier. Cardiovascular diseases, as the leading cause of death, contributed the most to positive changes in mortality. The biggest effect of life expectancy is the reduction of mortality rates due to diseases of the circulatory system in the 65-79 year old population. Observed by gender, the effect is greater in the female population, where cardiovascular diseases contribute to the extension of life expectancy by as much as 67% or by 2.4 years, while in the male population the importance of cardiovascular diseases in the extension of life expectancy is lower and amounts to 42% or by 1.9 years. Tumors, as the second most common cause of death in Serbia, contribute negatively to those aged 50 and over and positively to younger age groups. The overall effect on life expectancy is positive, and mortality rates in men decline until the age of 60. In women, rates increase from age 50 or older, and of all causes of death, only tumors have an overall negative effect on life expectancy growth. Among the other causes, the importance of violent deaths and their positive effect should be singled out, due to the reduction of mortality rates at all ages, especially among the younger population. Positive changes in the age of 15-49 years in the male population contribute to
{"title":"Decomposition of basic mortality indicators in Serbia 1990-2021","authors":"I. Marinković","doi":"10.5937/demografija2219039m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2219039m","url":null,"abstract":"The research of thirty-year changes in the mortality of the population of Serbia (1990-2021) is given through two basic indicators of mortality. Using the decompose method to calculated the effect of population aging on the difference between crude mortality rates, as well as the contributions of specific mortality rates and leading causes of death in the changes in life expectancy. The crude death rate shows that the intensity of dying in Serbia is very high. The pandemic contributed to record values in the last two years. Overall, in the period 1990-2019, the negative contribution of the age structure is twice as intense as the positive effect of age-specific mortality rates. Aging is more intense in the female population, which explains the greater increase in the crude death rate in women. The data show that the importance of demographic aging has always been more pronounced. The main characteristic in the observed time interval is that mortality decreases at all ages and that all age groups had a positive effect on life expectancy, as well as that men and women in Serbia have a different pattern of decreasing mortality by age. The most significant effect on life expectancy was the reduction of infant mortality (a fifth of the total contribution), a common feature of the male and female populations. In other age groups, men have more pronounced contributions up to the age of 50, and women in older cohorts. Due to higher mortality rates, the space for improving mortality is greater in young and middle-aged men than in women, so the positive effects are more pronounced at these ages. The largest number of leading causes of death burdens the population of Serbia less now than three decades earlier. Cardiovascular diseases, as the leading cause of death, contributed the most to positive changes in mortality. The biggest effect of life expectancy is the reduction of mortality rates due to diseases of the circulatory system in the 65-79 year old population. Observed by gender, the effect is greater in the female population, where cardiovascular diseases contribute to the extension of life expectancy by as much as 67% or by 2.4 years, while in the male population the importance of cardiovascular diseases in the extension of life expectancy is lower and amounts to 42% or by 1.9 years. Tumors, as the second most common cause of death in Serbia, contribute negatively to those aged 50 and over and positively to younger age groups. The overall effect on life expectancy is positive, and mortality rates in men decline until the age of 60. In women, rates increase from age 50 or older, and of all causes of death, only tumors have an overall negative effect on life expectancy growth. Among the other causes, the importance of violent deaths and their positive effect should be singled out, due to the reduction of mortality rates at all ages, especially among the younger population. Positive changes in the age of 15-49 years in the male population contribute to","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83776896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/demografija2219077p
I. Poljak
Energy issues and energy poverty became very important when dealing with global development challenges and sustainable development agenda, and as the years pass more precise indicators are formed to follow this phenomenon from various perspectives. One way to follow and analyze energy poverty is through the indicators proposed by the European Commission and the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Based on the main EU-SILC indicators for Serbia for 2020, this analysis explored a relationship between energy poverty and household income disaggregated by available data about regions, degree of urbanization, household types, and sex-age structure. It also tended to position Serbia within the European context regarding energy poverty. Based on the available data, it was found that people living in thinly populated areas expressed a higher share of vulnerabilities than those living in densely populated areas. Also, persons at risk of poverty are more vulnerable than the total population. When it comes to household types, people living in a single-person household are the most vulnerable, followed by the single-parent household with dependent children.
{"title":"Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of households and energy poverty in Serbia","authors":"I. Poljak","doi":"10.5937/demografija2219077p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2219077p","url":null,"abstract":"Energy issues and energy poverty became very important when dealing with global development challenges and sustainable development agenda, and as the years pass more precise indicators are formed to follow this phenomenon from various perspectives. One way to follow and analyze energy poverty is through the indicators proposed by the European Commission and the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Based on the main EU-SILC indicators for Serbia for 2020, this analysis explored a relationship between energy poverty and household income disaggregated by available data about regions, degree of urbanization, household types, and sex-age structure. It also tended to position Serbia within the European context regarding energy poverty. Based on the available data, it was found that people living in thinly populated areas expressed a higher share of vulnerabilities than those living in densely populated areas. Also, persons at risk of poverty are more vulnerable than the total population. When it comes to household types, people living in a single-person household are the most vulnerable, followed by the single-parent household with dependent children.","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86481937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family planning is the ability of individuals and couples to have the desired number of children at a time when they want to. This is achieved using contraceptive methods and the treatment of unintentional infertility. Family planning is crucial for women's empowerment, and gender equality and is an essential factor in reducing world poverty. The research was conducted on an electronic survey questionnaire on the final sample size of 660 female students from the University of Novi Sad (Serbia). Survey results were analyzed using SPSS 23 software for Windows (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The aim of the study is the analysis of the reproductive intensions regarding the structure of contraceptive use, from which comes the secondary objective, which is identification of the need for the sexual and reproductive education of young people. More than half of female students use modern contraceptives, but a significant proportion of female students rely on traditional methods such as withdrawal (coitus interruptus) (26.0%) and calendar methods (10.7%).
计划生育是指个人和夫妇在他们想要的时间生育所需数量的孩子的能力。这是通过使用避孕方法和治疗意外不孕症来实现的。计划生育对赋予妇女权力和两性平等至关重要，是减少世界贫困的一个重要因素。该研究是通过电子调查问卷对来自诺维萨德大学(塞尔维亚)的660名女学生的最终样本量进行的。使用SPSS 23 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)软件对调查结果进行分析。这项研究的目的是分析避孕药具使用结构对生殖的影响，由此产生第二个目标，即确定对青年人进行性教育和生殖教育的必要性。半数以上的女学生使用现代避孕方法，但仍有相当比例的女学生依赖传统方法，如停药(性交中断)(26.0%)和日历方法(10.7%)。
{"title":"Contraceptive use and reproductive intentions among female students at the University of Novi Sad","authors":"Milena Sekulić, Milica Solarević, Anđelija Ivkov-Džigurski, Ljubica Ivanovic-Bibic","doi":"10.5937/demografija2219001s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2219001s","url":null,"abstract":"Family planning is the ability of individuals and couples to have the desired number of children at a time when they want to. This is achieved using contraceptive methods and the treatment of unintentional infertility. Family planning is crucial for women's empowerment, and gender equality and is an essential factor in reducing world poverty. The research was conducted on an electronic survey questionnaire on the final sample size of 660 female students from the University of Novi Sad (Serbia). Survey results were analyzed using SPSS 23 software for Windows (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The aim of the study is the analysis of the reproductive intensions regarding the structure of contraceptive use, from which comes the secondary objective, which is identification of the need for the sexual and reproductive education of young people. More than half of female students use modern contraceptives, but a significant proportion of female students rely on traditional methods such as withdrawal (coitus interruptus) (26.0%) and calendar methods (10.7%).","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81201071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/demografija2219021p
Miodrag Pantović
The process of the formation of ethnic identities in Turkey was fairly intricate with the influence of migrations, conflicts and newly adopted ideologies. The differential demographic development between the three main ethnclass groups in the country was one of the main reasons that led to political and social tensions causing political and social crises in Turkish society. While the fertility of the secular part of society was in the process of constant stagnation after World War II, the more traditional part of society experienced a demographic growth that was accompanied by mass migrations to large cities and political mobilization of the economically neglected newly formed urban and young population, which led to electoral homogenization and social divisions in Turkish society. Fertility among ethnic Turks converged at the commencement of the XXI century, but the demographic transition has stalled among the Kurdish population due to economic underdevelopment, female illiteracy and the survival of traditional institutions of patriarchy. While at the given period, the total fertility rate (TFR) of ethnic Turks fell to 1.88, in the Kurdish provinces, it was still over 4, although in 2020 it fell to around 3. Turkey went through one of the fastest processes of the society modernization with a fast urbanization and education of the population in the last two decades, where the share of the population living in cities surpassed 80% and as one of the highest in Europe was followed by a further decline in fertility, an increase in secularity among youth and with new forms of political mobilization. Also, Turkey is facing one of the biggest refugee crises in the world with around 4 million refugees, mostly from Syria.
{"title":"Differential demographic development and electoral homogenization of ethnic and class identities in modern Turkey","authors":"Miodrag Pantović","doi":"10.5937/demografija2219021p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2219021p","url":null,"abstract":"The process of the formation of ethnic identities in Turkey was fairly intricate with the influence of migrations, conflicts and newly adopted ideologies. The differential demographic development between the three main ethnclass groups in the country was one of the main reasons that led to political and social tensions causing political and social crises in Turkish society. While the fertility of the secular part of society was in the process of constant stagnation after World War II, the more traditional part of society experienced a demographic growth that was accompanied by mass migrations to large cities and political mobilization of the economically neglected newly formed urban and young population, which led to electoral homogenization and social divisions in Turkish society. Fertility among ethnic Turks converged at the commencement of the XXI century, but the demographic transition has stalled among the Kurdish population due to economic underdevelopment, female illiteracy and the survival of traditional institutions of patriarchy. While at the given period, the total fertility rate (TFR) of ethnic Turks fell to 1.88, in the Kurdish provinces, it was still over 4, although in 2020 it fell to around 3. Turkey went through one of the fastest processes of the society modernization with a fast urbanization and education of the population in the last two decades, where the share of the population living in cities surpassed 80% and as one of the highest in Europe was followed by a further decline in fertility, an increase in secularity among youth and with new forms of political mobilization. Also, Turkey is facing one of the biggest refugee crises in the world with around 4 million refugees, mostly from Syria.","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78711352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5937/demografija2118001m
I. Marinković
The pandemic generated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus should be viewed as a severe public health threat because, in the first ten months of its existence, over 3 million people perished worldwide. According to available data, mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic is markedly different across countries but also within them. In the analysis of the consequences of the mortality pandemic in Serbia in 2020, the final data of vital statistics published by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia were used. The results of the research are presented at all territorial statistical-administrative levels (except the settlement level). The research showed that the highest intensity of deaths due to the new disease is in the south of the country and larger city centers (Belgrade, Nis, Kragujevac). Vojvodina and the districts and municipalities that belong to it have the most favorable values in Serbia. The quality of mortality data by cause of death varies considerably at different statistical-administrative levels, primarily with the underreporting of COVID-19 as the primary cause of death. As a more reliable indicator of the impact of the pandemic on the total mortality of the population, excess mortality indicates a record-high increase in mortality in 2020 in Presevo, Sjenica, and Novi Pazar. The difference between the northern part of Serbia and the southern part in mortality due to COVID-19 is potentially based on more intergenerational contacts and more pronounced population migrations, so it can be stated that the rate of transmission is a more important determinant of mortality in the population of different parts of Serbia, than the level of available health care or age structure. different statistical-administrative levels, primarily with the underreporting of COVID-19 as the leading cause of death (a striking example is the Kolubara district). As a more reliable indicator of the impact of the pandemic on the total mortality of the population, excess mortality indicates a record-high increase in mortality in 2020 in Presevo, Sjenica, and Novi Pazar. Once virus transmission takes root in the community, parts of the country with high intergenerational contacts can see the faster infection rate. The difference between the northern part of Serbia and the southern part in mortality due to COVID-19 is potentially based on higher intergenerational contacts and more pronounced population migrations. It can be stated that the degree of transmission of the infection is a more important determinant of mortality in the population of different parts of Serbia than the level of available health care or age structure.
{"title":"Regional analysis of COVID-19 mortality in Serbia","authors":"I. Marinković","doi":"10.5937/demografija2118001m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2118001m","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic generated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus should be viewed as a severe public health threat because, in the first ten months of its existence, over 3 million people perished worldwide. According to available data, mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic is markedly different across countries but also within them. In the analysis of the consequences of the mortality pandemic in Serbia in 2020, the final data of vital statistics published by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia were used. The results of the research are presented at all territorial statistical-administrative levels (except the settlement level). The research showed that the highest intensity of deaths due to the new disease is in the south of the country and larger city centers (Belgrade, Nis, Kragujevac). Vojvodina and the districts and municipalities that belong to it have the most favorable values in Serbia. The quality of mortality data by cause of death varies considerably at different statistical-administrative levels, primarily with the underreporting of COVID-19 as the primary cause of death. As a more reliable indicator of the impact of the pandemic on the total mortality of the population, excess mortality indicates a record-high increase in mortality in 2020 in Presevo, Sjenica, and Novi Pazar. The difference between the northern part of Serbia and the southern part in mortality due to COVID-19 is potentially based on more intergenerational contacts and more pronounced population migrations, so it can be stated that the rate of transmission is a more important determinant of mortality in the population of different parts of Serbia, than the level of available health care or age structure. different statistical-administrative levels, primarily with the underreporting of COVID-19 as the leading cause of death (a striking example is the Kolubara district). As a more reliable indicator of the impact of the pandemic on the total mortality of the population, excess mortality indicates a record-high increase in mortality in 2020 in Presevo, Sjenica, and Novi Pazar. Once virus transmission takes root in the community, parts of the country with high intergenerational contacts can see the faster infection rate. The difference between the northern part of Serbia and the southern part in mortality due to COVID-19 is potentially based on higher intergenerational contacts and more pronounced population migrations. It can be stated that the degree of transmission of the infection is a more important determinant of mortality in the population of different parts of Serbia than the level of available health care or age structure.","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81250659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5937/demografija2118019v
P. Vasic
Past evidence on fertility responses to external shocks, including economic recessions and outbreaks of infectious diseases, shows that people often put their childbearing plans on hold in uncertain times. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced a wide spectrum of everyday life, from employment, financial wellbeing, uncertainty and health concerns, to work and family reconciliation, dating, marrying, and family planning, thus we may expect certain effect on fertility rates too. The possible impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the birth aggregate during 2021 in Serbia will be calculated based on three different methodologies: Bertillon Birth Effect methodology (BBE), Kearney and Levine (2020) methodology, and Pandemic Wave Impact methodology (PWI - as a newly proposed methodology approach). The primary aim of the paper is to show a potential range of influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the total number of live births in Serbia during 2021, and the secondary aim is to test our presumptions that this impact mustn't always be negative and that the impact of the pandemic is weakening during the lifespan of the outbreak.
{"title":"Covid -19 and fertility in Serbia: Rough pandemic impact assessment","authors":"P. Vasic","doi":"10.5937/demografija2118019v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2118019v","url":null,"abstract":"Past evidence on fertility responses to external shocks, including economic recessions and outbreaks of infectious diseases, shows that people often put their childbearing plans on hold in uncertain times. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced a wide spectrum of everyday life, from employment, financial wellbeing, uncertainty and health concerns, to work and family reconciliation, dating, marrying, and family planning, thus we may expect certain effect on fertility rates too. The possible impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the birth aggregate during 2021 in Serbia will be calculated based on three different methodologies: Bertillon Birth Effect methodology (BBE), Kearney and Levine (2020) methodology, and Pandemic Wave Impact methodology (PWI - as a newly proposed methodology approach). The primary aim of the paper is to show a potential range of influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the total number of live births in Serbia during 2021, and the secondary aim is to test our presumptions that this impact mustn't always be negative and that the impact of the pandemic is weakening during the lifespan of the outbreak.","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82460974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5937/demografija2118093l
Vesna Lukić
The rise in the volume of international migration at the global level has resulted in increased participation of migrants in the labour market of the receiving countries, imposing needs for targeted integration policies and measures. A significant proportion of international migrants around the world are women. Relying on statistical data and relevant literature, the paper analyzes and critically discusses the position of migrant women in the labour market of destination countries, pointing out limitations and problems they face with. In this regard, the paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the international migration of women, with special emphasis on determining the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the position of women born abroad in the Serbian labour market, but also female migrants from Serbia. While discussing gender differences in the position of international migrants on the labour market, the dual vulnerability of female migrants was pointed out as well as the likely impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the deepening of gender inequalities. The need to formulate policies and measures sensitive to the vulnerability of a social group of women with migrant backgrounds had been emphasized.
{"title":"International female migrants in the labour market, with regard to COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Vesna Lukić","doi":"10.5937/demografija2118093l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2118093l","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in the volume of international migration at the global level has resulted in increased participation of migrants in the labour market of the receiving countries, imposing needs for targeted integration policies and measures. A significant proportion of international migrants around the world are women. Relying on statistical data and relevant literature, the paper analyzes and critically discusses the position of migrant women in the labour market of destination countries, pointing out limitations and problems they face with. In this regard, the paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the international migration of women, with special emphasis on determining the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the position of women born abroad in the Serbian labour market, but also female migrants from Serbia. While discussing gender differences in the position of international migrants on the labour market, the dual vulnerability of female migrants was pointed out as well as the likely impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the deepening of gender inequalities. The need to formulate policies and measures sensitive to the vulnerability of a social group of women with migrant backgrounds had been emphasized.","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80276427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5937/demografija2118002p
G. Penev
In Serbia, from a demographic point of view, 2020 certainly stands out as one of the most significant years of the twenty-first century and, with respect to mortality, of the period after the end of the Second World War. This is mainly linked to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread across the planet at an unprecedented rate. The aim of this paper is to present the analysis of Serbia's basic demographic data during the first year of the pandemic and to highlight the most important demographic consequences of the epidemic of the current coronavirus disease. As of 31 December 2020, according to the official SORS estimates, Serbia had 6,871,500 inhabitants, 55,000 fewer than in 2019. The decline is 74% higher than the 20-year average. As the estimates do not include net migration, the real population size is significantly smaller and, according to the author's opinion, it reaches a maximum of 6.7 million (as in 1961). The death toll was 116,850 and it is 15.2% higher than in 2019. This is the highest annual number of deaths, as well as the highest annual increase, since 1950. There have been 10,365 COVID-19 deaths (8.9% of total mortality and 67.2% of excess mortality). At the same time, a record was set in terms of the number of births, but in the opposite direction. In 2020, 61,692 babies were born, which is 4.2% less than in 2019 and was also the smallest number of births since 1900. The changes in the age structure are negligible compared to 2019, but very significant compared to the age-pyramids in 2002 and 2011. The share of people aged 65 years or over (21.3%) as well as the median age of 44.0 years indicate that, in 2020, Serbia belongs to the group of ten oldest populations in the world.
{"title":"Demographic summary of Serbia in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"G. Penev","doi":"10.5937/demografija2118002p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2118002p","url":null,"abstract":"In Serbia, from a demographic point of view, 2020 certainly stands out as one of the most significant years of the twenty-first century and, with respect to mortality, of the period after the end of the Second World War. This is mainly linked to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread across the planet at an unprecedented rate. The aim of this paper is to present the analysis of Serbia's basic demographic data during the first year of the pandemic and to highlight the most important demographic consequences of the epidemic of the current coronavirus disease. As of 31 December 2020, according to the official SORS estimates, Serbia had 6,871,500 inhabitants, 55,000 fewer than in 2019. The decline is 74% higher than the 20-year average. As the estimates do not include net migration, the real population size is significantly smaller and, according to the author's opinion, it reaches a maximum of 6.7 million (as in 1961). The death toll was 116,850 and it is 15.2% higher than in 2019. This is the highest annual number of deaths, as well as the highest annual increase, since 1950. There have been 10,365 COVID-19 deaths (8.9% of total mortality and 67.2% of excess mortality). At the same time, a record was set in terms of the number of births, but in the opposite direction. In 2020, 61,692 babies were born, which is 4.2% less than in 2019 and was also the smallest number of births since 1900. The changes in the age structure are negligible compared to 2019, but very significant compared to the age-pyramids in 2002 and 2011. The share of people aged 65 years or over (21.3%) as well as the median age of 44.0 years indicate that, in 2020, Serbia belongs to the group of ten oldest populations in the world.","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74486084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5937/demografija2118057g
M. Galjak
Serbia is experiencing a massive number of deaths due to COVID-19. One way to express this mortality is by measuring the years of potential life lost to this disease. This paper looks at the cost of the pandemic in 2020 to premature deaths in Serbia. The final data on mortality in 2020 in Serbia provided by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia is used to measure this loss. Premature mortality is examined through geographical, age, and sex dimensions. In total, 64.620 years of potential life were lost directly by COVID-19, i.e., 1019.14 years of potential life per 100 000 people younger than 75. Men lost 2.5 as many potential years of life then women did. Moreover, the region of eastern and Southern Serbia fared much worse than any other region. There is no clear pattern regarding the rural/urban divide, as some of the hardest-hit municipalities were rural and urban. The analysis was expanded to include the estimate of the economic cost of premature mortality due to the COVID-19. In 2020 more than $0.34 billion was lost to premature deaths, and by the end of 2021, this number will likely be well over $1 billion when the pandemic ends. The direct cost of premature deaths on future birth rates will not be pronounced as very few women younger than 50 died to affect future birth rates significantly.
{"title":"The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the premature mortality in Serbia in 2020","authors":"M. Galjak","doi":"10.5937/demografija2118057g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/demografija2118057g","url":null,"abstract":"Serbia is experiencing a massive number of deaths due to COVID-19. One way to express this mortality is by measuring the years of potential life lost to this disease. This paper looks at the cost of the pandemic in 2020 to premature deaths in Serbia. The final data on mortality in 2020 in Serbia provided by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia is used to measure this loss. Premature mortality is examined through geographical, age, and sex dimensions. In total, 64.620 years of potential life were lost directly by COVID-19, i.e., 1019.14 years of potential life per 100 000 people younger than 75. Men lost 2.5 as many potential years of life then women did. Moreover, the region of eastern and Southern Serbia fared much worse than any other region. There is no clear pattern regarding the rural/urban divide, as some of the hardest-hit municipalities were rural and urban. The analysis was expanded to include the estimate of the economic cost of premature mortality due to the COVID-19. In 2020 more than $0.34 billion was lost to premature deaths, and by the end of 2021, this number will likely be well over $1 billion when the pandemic ends. The direct cost of premature deaths on future birth rates will not be pronounced as very few women younger than 50 died to affect future birth rates significantly.","PeriodicalId":53095,"journal":{"name":"Demografija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84599444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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