The past few years have witnessed significant progress in emerging disease detection techniques for accurately and rapidly tracking rice diseases and predicting potential solutions. In this review we focus on image processing techniques using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models related to multi-scale rice diseases. Furthermore, we summarize applications of different detection techniques, including genomic, physiological, and biochemical approaches. In addition, we also present the state-of-the-art in contemporary optical sensing applications of pathogen-plant interaction phenotypes. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers seeking effective solutions to address the challenges of high-throughput data and model recognition for early detection of issues affecting rice crops through ML and DL models.
过去几年中,用于准确、快速跟踪水稻病害并预测潜在解决方案的新兴病害检测技术取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了与多尺度水稻病害相关的使用机器学习(ML)和深度学习(DL)模型的图像处理技术。此外,我们还总结了不同检测技术的应用,包括基因组学、生理学和生物化学方法。此外,我们还介绍了病原体与植物相互作用表型的当代光学传感应用的最新进展。本综述为研究人员提供了宝贵的资源,帮助他们寻求有效的解决方案,以应对高通量数据和模型识别方面的挑战,从而通过 ML 和 DL 模型及早发现影响水稻作物的问题。
{"title":"Predicting rice diseases using advanced technologies at different scales: present status and future perspectives.","authors":"Ruyue Li, Sishi Chen, Haruna Matsumoto, Mostafa Gouda, Yusufjon Gafforov, Mengcen Wang, Yufei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00126-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-023-00126-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past few years have witnessed significant progress in emerging disease detection techniques for accurately and rapidly tracking rice diseases and predicting potential solutions. In this review we focus on image processing techniques using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models related to multi-scale rice diseases. Furthermore, we summarize applications of different detection techniques, including genomic, physiological, and biochemical approaches. In addition, we also present the state-of-the-art in contemporary optical sensing applications of pathogen-plant interaction phenotypes. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers seeking effective solutions to address the challenges of high-throughput data and model recognition for early detection of issues affecting rice crops through ML and DL models.</p>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138795406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small RNA (sRNA)-mediated RNA silencing (also known as RNA interference, or RNAi) is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes that includes RNA degradation, DNA methylation, heterochromatin formation and protein translation repression. In plants, sRNAs can move either cell-to-cell or systemically, thereby acting as mobile silencing signals to trigger noncell autonomous silencing. However, whether and what proteins are also involved in noncell autonomous silencing have not been elucidated. In this study, we utilized a previously reported inducible RNAi plant, PDSi, which can induce systemic silencing of the endogenous PDS gene, and we demonstrated that DCL3 is involved in systemic PDS silencing through its RNA binding activity. We confirmed that the C-terminus of DCL3, including the predicted RNA-binding domain, is capable of binding short RNAs. Mutations affecting RNA binding, but not processing activity, reduced systemic PDS silencing, indicating that DCL3 binding to RNAs is required for the induction of systemic silencing. Cucumber mosaic virus infection assays showed that the RNA-binding activity of DCL3 is required for antiviral RNAi in systemically noninoculated leaves. Our findings demonstrate that DCL3 acts as a signaling agent involved in noncell autonomous silencing and an antiviral effect in addition to its previously known function in the generation of 24-nucleotide sRNAs.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00124-6.
{"title":"The RNA-binding domain of DCL3 is required for long-distance RNAi signaling.","authors":"Jie Li, Bo-Sen Zhang, Hua-Wei Wu, Cheng-Lan Liu, Hui-Shan Guo, Jian-Hua Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00124-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-023-00124-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small RNA (sRNA)-mediated RNA silencing (also known as RNA interference, or RNAi) is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes that includes RNA degradation, DNA methylation, heterochromatin formation and protein translation repression. In plants, sRNAs can move either cell-to-cell or systemically, thereby acting as mobile silencing signals to trigger noncell autonomous silencing. However, whether and what proteins are also involved in noncell autonomous silencing have not been elucidated. In this study, we utilized a previously reported inducible RNAi plant, <i>PDSi</i>, which can induce systemic silencing of the endogenous <i>PDS</i> gene, and we demonstrated that DCL3 is involved in systemic <i>PDS</i> silencing through its RNA binding activity. We confirmed that the C-terminus of DCL3, including the predicted RNA-binding domain, is capable of binding short RNAs. Mutations affecting RNA binding, but not processing activity, reduced systemic <i>PDS</i> silencing, indicating that DCL3 binding to RNAs is required for the induction of systemic silencing. Cucumber mosaic virus infection assays showed that the RNA-binding activity of DCL3 is required for antiviral RNAi in systemically noninoculated leaves. Our findings demonstrate that DCL3 acts as a signaling agent involved in noncell autonomous silencing and an antiviral effect in addition to its previously known function in the generation of 24-nucleotide sRNAs.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00124-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soybean (Glycine max) is an essential economic crop that provides vegetative oil and protein for humans, worldwide. Increasing soybean yield as well as improving seed quality is of great importance. Seed weight/size, oil and protein content are the three major traits determining seed quality, and seed weight also influences soybean yield. In recent years, the availability of soybean omics data and the development of related techniques have paved the way for better research on soybean functional genomics, providing a comprehensive understanding of gene functions. This review summarizes the regulatory genes that influence seed size/weight, oil content and protein content in soybean. We also provided a general overview of the pleiotropic effect for the genes in controlling seed traits and environmental stresses. Ultimately, it is expected that this review will be beneficial in breeding improved traits in soybean.
{"title":"Regulation of seed traits in soybean.","authors":"Yang Hu, Yue Liu, Jun-Jie Wei, Wan-Ke Zhang, Shou-Yi Chen, Jin-Song Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00122-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-023-00122-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) is an essential economic crop that provides vegetative oil and protein for humans, worldwide. Increasing soybean yield as well as improving seed quality is of great importance. Seed weight/size, oil and protein content are the three major traits determining seed quality, and seed weight also influences soybean yield. In recent years, the availability of soybean omics data and the development of related techniques have paved the way for better research on soybean functional genomics, providing a comprehensive understanding of gene functions. This review summarizes the regulatory genes that influence seed size/weight, oil content and protein content in soybean. We also provided a general overview of the pleiotropic effect for the genes in controlling seed traits and environmental stresses. Ultimately, it is expected that this review will be beneficial in breeding improved traits in soybean.</p>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138795485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22eCollection Date: 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00121-9
Md Khairul Islam, Sai Teja Mummadi, Sanzhen Liu, Hairong Wei
We employed several algorithms with high efficacy to analyze the public transcriptomic data, aiming to identify key transcription factors (TFs) that regulate regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana. Initially, we utilized CollaborativeNet, also known as TF-Cluster, to construct a collaborative network of all TFs, which was subsequently decomposed into many subnetworks using the Triple-Link and Compound Spring Embedder (CoSE) algorithms. Functional analysis of these subnetworks led to the identification of nine subnetworks closely associated with regeneration. We further applied principal component analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to reduce the subnetworks from nine to three, namely subnetworks 1, 12, and 17. Searching for TF-binding sites in the promoters of the co-expressed and co-regulated (CCGs) genes of all TFs in these three subnetworks and Triple-Gene Mutual Interaction analysis of TFs in these three subnetworks with the CCGs involved in regeneration enabled us to rank the TFs in each subnetwork. Finally, six potential candidate TFs-WOX9A, LEC2, PGA37, WIP5, PEI1, and AIL1 from subnetwork 1-were identified, and their roles in somatic embryogenesis (GO:0010262) and regeneration (GO:0031099) were discussed, so were the TFs in Subnetwork 12 and 17 associated with regeneration. The TFs identified were also assessed using the CIS-BP database and Expression Atlas. Our analyses suggest some novel TFs that may have regulatory roles in regeneration and embryogenesis and provide valuable data and insights into the regulatory mechanisms related to regeneration. The tools and the procedures used here are instrumental for analyzing high-throughput transcriptomic data and advancing our understanding of the regulation of various biological processes of interest.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00121-9.
{"title":"Regulation of regeneration in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.","authors":"Md Khairul Islam, Sai Teja Mummadi, Sanzhen Liu, Hairong Wei","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00121-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-023-00121-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We employed several algorithms with high efficacy to analyze the public transcriptomic data, aiming to identify key transcription factors (TFs) that regulate regeneration in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. Initially, we utilized CollaborativeNet, also known as TF-Cluster, to construct a collaborative network of all TFs, which was subsequently decomposed into many subnetworks using the Triple-Link and Compound Spring Embedder (CoSE) algorithms. Functional analysis of these subnetworks led to the identification of nine subnetworks closely associated with regeneration. We further applied principal component analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to reduce the subnetworks from nine to three, namely subnetworks 1, 12, and 17. Searching for TF-binding sites in the promoters of the co-expressed and co-regulated (CCGs) genes of all TFs in these three subnetworks and Triple-Gene Mutual Interaction analysis of TFs in these three subnetworks with the CCGs involved in regeneration enabled us to rank the TFs in each subnetwork. Finally, six potential candidate TFs-WOX9A, LEC2, PGA37, WIP5, PEI1, and AIL1 from subnetwork 1-were identified, and their roles in somatic embryogenesis (GO:0010262) and regeneration (GO:0031099) were discussed, so were the TFs in Subnetwork 12 and 17 associated with regeneration. The TFs identified were also assessed using the CIS-BP database and Expression Atlas. Our analyses suggest some novel TFs that may have regulatory roles in regeneration and embryogenesis and provide valuable data and insights into the regulatory mechanisms related to regeneration. The tools and the procedures used here are instrumental for analyzing high-throughput transcriptomic data and advancing our understanding of the regulation of various biological processes of interest.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00121-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138795330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Staying hungry: a roadmap to harnessing central regulators of symbiotic nitrogen fixation under fluctuating nitrogen availability","authors":"Lijin Qiao, Jieshun Lin, Takuya Suzaki, Pengbo Liang","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00123-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-023-00123-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00118-4
Lingmin Cai, Yuzhen Mei, Ruyi Ye, Yun Deng, Xuejun Zhang, Zhongyuan Hu, Xueping Zhou, Mingfang Zhang, Jinghua Yang
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartite begomovirus, was first reported to infect tomato and has recently spread rapidly as an emerging disease to Cucurbitaceae crops. To date, the virus has been reported to infect more than 11 cucurbit crops, in 16 countries and regions, causing severe yield losses. In autumn 2022, ToLCNDV was first isolated from cucurbit plants in Southeastern coastal areas of China. Phylogenetic analysis established that these isolates belong to the Asian ToLCNDV clade, and shared high nucleotide identity and closest genetic relationship with the DNA-A sequence from the Chinese tomato-infecting ToLCNDV isolate (Accession no. OP356207) and the tomato New Delhi ToLCNDV-Severe isolate (Accession no. HM159454). In this review, we summarize the occurrence and distribution, host range, detection and diagnosis, control strategies, and genetic resistance of ToLCNDV in the Cucurbitaceae. We then summarize pathways that could be undertaken to improve our understanding of this emerging disease, with the objective to develop ToLCNDV-resistant cucurbit cultivars.
{"title":"Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus: an emerging plant begomovirus threatening cucurbit production","authors":"Lingmin Cai, Yuzhen Mei, Ruyi Ye, Yun Deng, Xuejun Zhang, Zhongyuan Hu, Xueping Zhou, Mingfang Zhang, Jinghua Yang","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00118-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-023-00118-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartite begomovirus, was first reported to infect tomato and has recently spread rapidly as an emerging disease to <i>Cucurbitaceae</i> crops. To date, the virus has been reported to infect more than 11 cucurbit crops, in 16 countries and regions, causing severe yield losses. In autumn 2022, ToLCNDV was first isolated from cucurbit plants in Southeastern coastal areas of China. Phylogenetic analysis established that these isolates belong to the Asian ToLCNDV clade, and shared high nucleotide identity and closest genetic relationship with the DNA-A sequence from the Chinese tomato-infecting ToLCNDV isolate (Accession no. OP356207) and the tomato New Delhi ToLCNDV-Severe isolate (Accession no. HM159454). In this review, we summarize the occurrence and distribution, host range, detection and diagnosis, control strategies, and genetic resistance of ToLCNDV in the <i>Cucurbitaceae</i>. We then summarize pathways that could be undertaken to improve our understanding of this emerging disease, with the objective to develop ToLCNDV-resistant cucurbit cultivars<i>.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Weed competition seriously threatens the yield of alfalfa, the most important forage legume worldwide, thus generating herbicide-resistant alfalfa varieties is becoming a necessary cost-effective strategy to assist farmers for weed control. Here, we report the co-expression of plant codon-optimized forms of GR79 EPSPS ( pGR79 EPSPS ) and N-acetyltransferase ( pGAT ) genes, in alfalfa, via Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. We established that the pGR79 EPSPS - pGAT co-expression alfalfa lines were able to tolerate up to tenfold higher commercial usage of glyphosate and produced approximately ten times lower glyphosate residues than the conventional cultivar. Our findings generate an elite herbicide-resistant germplasm for alfalfa breeding and provide a promising strategy for developing high-glyphosate-resistant and low-glyphosate-residue forages.
{"title":"Co-expression of GR79 EPSPS and GAT generates high glyphosate-resistant alfalfa with low glyphosate residues","authors":"Yingying Meng, Wenwen Zhang, Zhaoming Wang, Feng Yuan, Sandui Guo, Hao Lin, Lifang Niu","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00119-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-023-00119-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Weed competition seriously threatens the yield of alfalfa, the most important forage legume worldwide, thus generating herbicide-resistant alfalfa varieties is becoming a necessary cost-effective strategy to assist farmers for weed control. Here, we report the co-expression of plant codon-optimized forms of GR79 EPSPS ( pGR79 EPSPS ) and N-acetyltransferase ( pGAT ) genes, in alfalfa, via Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. We established that the pGR79 EPSPS - pGAT co-expression alfalfa lines were able to tolerate up to tenfold higher commercial usage of glyphosate and produced approximately ten times lower glyphosate residues than the conventional cultivar. Our findings generate an elite herbicide-resistant germplasm for alfalfa breeding and provide a promising strategy for developing high-glyphosate-resistant and low-glyphosate-residue forages.","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00116-6
Qiangbo Liu, Xian Sheng Zhang, Ying Hua Su
Abstract The genetic transformation plays an important role in plant gene functional analysis and its genetic improvement. However, only a limited number of maize germplasms can be routinely transformed. The maize gene Wuschel-like homeobox protein 2a ( Wox2a ) was shown to play a crucial role in promoting the formation of embryonic cells and enhancing the efficiency of genetic transformation in maize. This commentary discusses the mechanism by which the Wox2a gene contributes to the variation in embryogenic tissue culture response among different maize inbred lines. In addition, the frequency and intensity of Wox2a or Wus2 / Bbm vector-induced somatic embryogenesis was also discussed. The application of Wox2a in transformation of recalcitrant maize genotypes could well accelerate the development of maize genetic improvement.
{"title":"Application of Wox2a in transformation of recalcitrant maize genotypes","authors":"Qiangbo Liu, Xian Sheng Zhang, Ying Hua Su","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00116-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-023-00116-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genetic transformation plays an important role in plant gene functional analysis and its genetic improvement. However, only a limited number of maize germplasms can be routinely transformed. The maize gene Wuschel-like homeobox protein 2a ( Wox2a ) was shown to play a crucial role in promoting the formation of embryonic cells and enhancing the efficiency of genetic transformation in maize. This commentary discusses the mechanism by which the Wox2a gene contributes to the variation in embryogenic tissue culture response among different maize inbred lines. In addition, the frequency and intensity of Wox2a or Wus2 / Bbm vector-induced somatic embryogenesis was also discussed. The application of Wox2a in transformation of recalcitrant maize genotypes could well accelerate the development of maize genetic improvement.","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00115-7
Xiao-Yu Huang, Ying Xiang, Yu-Wen Zhao, Chu-Kun Wang, Jia-Hui Wang, Wen-Yan Wang, Xiao-Long Liu, Quan Sun, Da-Gang Hu
Abstract As the main organic acid in fruits, malate is produced in the cytoplasm and is then transported into the vacuole. It accumulates by vacuolar proton pumps, transporters, and channels, affecting the taste and flavor of fruits. Among the three types of proton pumps (V-ATPases, V-PPases, and P-ATPases), the P-ATPases play an important role in the transport of malate into vacuoles. In this study, the transcriptome data, collected at different stages after blooming and during storage, were analyzed and the results demonstrated that the expression of MdPH5 , a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase, was associated with both pre- and post-harvest malate contents. Moreover, MdPH5 is localized at the tonoplast and regulates malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. In addition, MdMYB73, an upstream MYB transcription factor of MdPH5 , directly binds to its promoter, thereby transcriptionally activating its expression and enhancing its activity. In this way, MdMYB73 can also affect malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. Overall, this study clarifies how MdMYB73 and MdPH5 act to regulate vacuolar malate transport systems, thereby affecting malate accumulation and vacuolar pH.
{"title":"Regulation of a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase MdPH5 by MdMYB73 and its role in malate accumulation and vacuolar acidification","authors":"Xiao-Yu Huang, Ying Xiang, Yu-Wen Zhao, Chu-Kun Wang, Jia-Hui Wang, Wen-Yan Wang, Xiao-Long Liu, Quan Sun, Da-Gang Hu","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00115-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-023-00115-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the main organic acid in fruits, malate is produced in the cytoplasm and is then transported into the vacuole. It accumulates by vacuolar proton pumps, transporters, and channels, affecting the taste and flavor of fruits. Among the three types of proton pumps (V-ATPases, V-PPases, and P-ATPases), the P-ATPases play an important role in the transport of malate into vacuoles. In this study, the transcriptome data, collected at different stages after blooming and during storage, were analyzed and the results demonstrated that the expression of MdPH5 , a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase, was associated with both pre- and post-harvest malate contents. Moreover, MdPH5 is localized at the tonoplast and regulates malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. In addition, MdMYB73, an upstream MYB transcription factor of MdPH5 , directly binds to its promoter, thereby transcriptionally activating its expression and enhancing its activity. In this way, MdMYB73 can also affect malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. Overall, this study clarifies how MdMYB73 and MdPH5 act to regulate vacuolar malate transport systems, thereby affecting malate accumulation and vacuolar pH.","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a conserved epigenetic mark, DNA cytosine methylation, at the 5’ position (5-mC), plays important roles in multiple biological processes, including plant immunity. However, the involvement of DNA methylation in the determinants of virulence of phytopathogenic fungi remains elusive. In this study, we profiled the DNA methylation patterns of the phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae, one of the major causal pathogens of Verticillium wilt disease that causes great losses in many crops, and explored its contribution in fungal pathogenicity. We reveal that DNA methylation modification is present in V. dahliae and is required for its full virulence in host plants. The major enzymes responsible for the establishment of DNA methylation in V. dahliae were identified. We provided evidence that DNA methyltransferase-mediated establishment of DNA methylation pattern positively regulates fungal virulence, mainly through repressing a conserved protein kinase VdRim15-mediated Ca2+ signaling and ROS production, which is essential for the penetration activity of V. dahliae. In addition, we further demonstrated that histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), another heterochromatin marker that is closely associated with 5-mC in eukaryotes, also participates in the regulation of V. dahliae pathogenicity, through a similar mechanism. More importantly, DNA methyltransferase genes VdRid, VdDnmt5, as well as H3K9me3 methyltransferase genes, were greatly induced during the early infection phase, implying that a dynamic regulation of 5-mC and H3K9me3 homeostasis is required for an efficient infection. Collectively, our findings uncover an epigenetic mechanism in the regulation of phytopathogenic fungal virulence.
{"title":"DNA methylation-dependent epigenetic regulation of Verticillium dahliae virulence in plants","authors":"Yun-Ya Chen, Chen Zhu, Jian-Hua Zhao, Ting Liu, Feng Gao, Ying-Chao Zhang, Cheng-Guo Duan","doi":"10.1007/s42994-023-00117-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-023-00117-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a conserved epigenetic mark, DNA cytosine methylation, at the 5’ position (5-mC), plays important roles in multiple biological processes, including plant immunity. However, the involvement of DNA methylation in the determinants of virulence of phytopathogenic fungi remains elusive. In this study, we profiled the DNA methylation patterns of the phytopathogenic fungus <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>, one of the major causal pathogens of <i>Verticillium</i> wilt disease that causes great losses in many crops, and explored its contribution in fungal pathogenicity. We reveal that DNA methylation modification is present in <i>V. dahliae</i> and is required for its full virulence in host plants. The major enzymes responsible for the establishment of DNA methylation in <i>V. dahliae</i> were identified. We provided evidence that DNA methyltransferase-mediated establishment of DNA methylation pattern positively regulates fungal virulence, mainly through repressing a conserved protein kinase VdRim15-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling and ROS production, which is essential for the penetration activity of <i>V. dahliae</i>. In addition, we further demonstrated that histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), another heterochromatin marker that is closely associated with 5-mC in eukaryotes, also participates in the regulation of <i>V. dahliae</i> pathogenicity, through a similar mechanism. More importantly, DNA methyltransferase genes <i>VdRid</i>, <i>VdDnmt5,</i> as well as H3K9me3 methyltransferase genes, were greatly induced during the early infection phase, implying that a dynamic regulation of 5-mC and H3K9me3 homeostasis is required for an efficient infection. Collectively, our findings uncover an epigenetic mechanism in the regulation of phytopathogenic fungal virulence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}