Jillian Hill, Z. Mchiza, Jean Fourie, T. Puoane, N. Steyn
Street foods (SF) contribute significantly to the diet of people living in low- and middle-income countries, however there is a paucity of data on consumption patterns of SF. Since many South Africans consume SF regularly, it is important to determine their purchasing habits, food choices, and nutrition knowledge. A cross-sectional survey conducted in Cape Town metropolitan area, with trained fieldworkers using a structured questionnaire on 1121 SF consumers. The first ten clients who visited a randomly-sampled SF vendor were approached and invited to participate. Data were analysed using IBM Statistics SPSS version 23. Most consumers were black, male, single, and had some high-school education and/or matriculated. Main findings indicated that 38% of these consumers consumed SF almost daily, 43.3% consumed SF frequently (2-3 times per week) and 29% spent between R600 and R899 per month on SF. Items purchased most often in descending order of frequency were fruit, foods and baked products, cold drinks, sweets, peanuts, crisps, fruit juice, biscuits, and chocolates. If healthier SF were available, 96% consumers indicated they would purchase these, with fruit, meat/chicken and vegetable stew, yoghurt and nuts being preferred options. There is a large market for SF consumers in Cape Town. However, most food items consumed, with the exception of fruit and peanuts, are unhealthy by virtue of their high sugar and fat content. SF consumers are however, willing to purchase healthier foods, should these be available.
街头小吃对生活在低收入和中等收入国家的人们的饮食有很大的贡献，然而，关于街头小吃的消费模式的数据却很缺乏。由于许多南非人经常消费顺丰，因此确定他们的购买习惯、食物选择和营养知识是很重要的。一项横断面调查在开普敦市区进行，由训练有素的现场工作人员对1121名SF消费者使用结构化问卷调查。前十个拜访随机抽样的SF供应商的客户被联系并邀请参加。数据分析采用IBM Statistics SPSS version 23。大多数消费者是黑人，男性，单身，受过高中教育和/或大学录取。主要研究结果表明，38%的消费者几乎每天都吃顺丰，43.3%的消费者经常吃顺丰(每周2-3次)，29%的消费者每月在顺丰上的花费在600至899兰特之间。购买频率从高到低依次为水果、食品和烘焙食品、冷饮、糖果、花生、薯片、果汁、饼干和巧克力。如果有更健康的顺丰食品，96%的消费者表示他们会购买，水果、肉/鸡肉和蔬菜炖菜、酸奶和坚果是首选。顺丰的消费者在开普敦有很大的市场。然而，除了水果和花生，大多数食物都是不健康的，因为它们的高糖和高脂肪含量。然而，SF的消费者愿意购买更健康的食品，如果这些是可用的。
{"title":"Consumption patterns of street food consumers in Cape Town","authors":"Jillian Hill, Z. Mchiza, Jean Fourie, T. Puoane, N. Steyn","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V0I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V0I0","url":null,"abstract":"Street foods (SF) contribute significantly to the diet of people living in low- and middle-income countries, however there is a paucity of data on consumption patterns of SF. Since many South Africans consume SF regularly, it is important to determine their purchasing habits, food choices, and nutrition knowledge. A cross-sectional survey conducted in Cape Town metropolitan area, with trained fieldworkers using a structured questionnaire on 1121 SF consumers. The first ten clients who visited a randomly-sampled SF vendor were approached and invited to participate. Data were analysed using IBM Statistics SPSS version 23. Most consumers were black, male, single, and had some high-school education and/or matriculated. Main findings indicated that 38% of these consumers consumed SF almost daily, 43.3% consumed SF frequently (2-3 times per week) and 29% spent between R600 and R899 per month on SF. Items purchased most often in descending order of frequency were fruit, foods and baked products, cold drinks, sweets, peanuts, crisps, fruit juice, biscuits, and chocolates. If healthier SF were available, 96% consumers indicated they would purchase these, with fruit, meat/chicken and vegetable stew, yoghurt and nuts being preferred options. There is a large market for SF consumers in Cape Town. However, most food items consumed, with the exception of fruit and peanuts, are unhealthy by virtue of their high sugar and fat content. SF consumers are however, willing to purchase healthier foods, should these be available.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"331 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75479857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Role models have been researched extensively and studies suggest an influence on consumer behaviour. However, limited research is available on direct role models’ influence on the behaviour of young adults. The goal of this research was to utilise Social Cognitive Theory as a guide to understanding how direct role models, such as those of parents influence the consumer and the purchase behaviour of Generation Y (18-35 years old). Non-probability convenience sampling was used and three hundred and sixty-nine respondents completed self-administered questionnaires. The results from structural equation modelling (SEM) support Social Cognitive Theory as parental role model influence (the general perception of parents as role models) affects consumer behaviour, which, in turn, affects purchase behaviour. The consumer and purchase behaviour of the younger (18-25 years old) Generation Y cohort respondents thus reflect parents’ opinions; since the parents were regarded as the role models. These findings emphasise the important role of parents to provide guidance for young adolescence to become skilled consumers and to set good examples in terms of shopping habits. Generation Y consumers should be aware of retailers’ and advertisers’ attempts to capitalise on this influence of parental role models. Reinforcing marketing campaigns, whereby Generation Y consumers are reminded that their parents have been using the specific products or brands as to encourage them to follow suite, is one such an example.
{"title":"Parental influence on consumer and purchase behaviour of Generation Y","authors":"Melanie Wiese, Liezl-Marié Kruger","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V44I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V44I0","url":null,"abstract":"Role models have been researched extensively and studies suggest an influence on consumer behaviour. However, limited research is available on direct role models’ influence on the behaviour of young adults. The goal of this research was to utilise Social Cognitive Theory as a guide to understanding how direct role models, such as those of parents influence the consumer and the purchase behaviour of Generation Y (18-35 years old). Non-probability convenience sampling was used and three hundred and sixty-nine respondents completed self-administered questionnaires. The results from structural equation modelling (SEM) support Social Cognitive Theory as parental role model influence (the general perception of parents as role models) affects consumer behaviour, which, in turn, affects purchase behaviour. The consumer and purchase behaviour of the younger (18-25 years old) Generation Y cohort respondents thus reflect parents’ opinions; since the parents were regarded as the role models. These findings emphasise the important role of parents to provide guidance for young adolescence to become skilled consumers and to set good examples in terms of shopping habits. Generation Y consumers should be aware of retailers’ and advertisers’ attempts to capitalise on this influence of parental role models. Reinforcing marketing campaigns, whereby Generation Y consumers are reminded that their parents have been using the specific products or brands as to encourage them to follow suite, is one such an example.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73367957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jana Vermaas, Celia J. Hugo, H. Steyn, Robert Schall
Textile materials are usually sterilised with chemicals like sodium hypochlorite, and temperatures up to boiling point. Chemical treatment poses two potential problems: firstly, a negative effect on strength properties of the textile fabric, and secondly, the fact that harmful chemicals are discarded into the environment. Electro-chemically activated water (ECA) is produced by an anode-cathode system, with water and diluted NaCl being the only raw products used. After production the Anolyte exists in a metastable state, containing free radicals and a variety of molecules and very high oxidation-reduction potential. However, the Anolyte returns to a stable state after 48 hours and therefore it is not a threat to the environment when discarded after use. Cotton, polyester and polyester/cotton swatches were inoculated respectively with Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus . The swatches were laundered using AATCC Test Method 61-2009 at temperatures of 24 °C, 30 °C and 60 °C. Dilutions were prepared and surface plated on nutrient agar and incubated. Bacterial counts were reported as number of bacteria or colony forming units (cfu) per ml. Although a reduction in bacterial count was found after laundering with all treatments, the Anolyte proved to be the most effective of all treatments since there was no bacterial survival after treatment, irrespective of the temperature. Therefore, Anolyte could be a viable alternative to current sterilizing agents without posing an environmental threat.
{"title":"The efficacy of anolyte as an environmentally friendly disinfectant on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus contaminated cotton, polyestercotton and polyester","authors":"Jana Vermaas, Celia J. Hugo, H. Steyn, Robert Schall","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V43I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V43I0","url":null,"abstract":"Textile materials are usually sterilised with chemicals like sodium hypochlorite, and temperatures up to boiling point. Chemical treatment poses two potential problems: firstly, a negative effect on strength properties of the textile fabric, and secondly, the fact that harmful chemicals are discarded into the environment. Electro-chemically activated water (ECA) is produced by an anode-cathode system, with water and diluted NaCl being the only raw products used. After production the Anolyte exists in a metastable state, containing free radicals and a variety of molecules and very high oxidation-reduction potential. However, the Anolyte returns to a stable state after 48 hours and therefore it is not a threat to the environment when discarded after use. Cotton, polyester and polyester/cotton swatches were inoculated respectively with Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus . The swatches were laundered using AATCC Test Method 61-2009 at temperatures of 24 °C, 30 °C and 60 °C. Dilutions were prepared and surface plated on nutrient agar and incubated. Bacterial counts were reported as number of bacteria or colony forming units (cfu) per ml. Although a reduction in bacterial count was found after laundering with all treatments, the Anolyte proved to be the most effective of all treatments since there was no bacterial survival after treatment, irrespective of the temperature. Therefore, Anolyte could be a viable alternative to current sterilizing agents without posing an environmental threat.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"26-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72836771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consumer Studies, offered as a subject in South African secondary schools, has the potential to contribute significantly to the development of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills in learners. Despite the subject being complex and unique, inadequate pedagogical guidance exists for teachers in Consumer Studies. The benchmarking of the Consumer Studies curriculum with respective international curricula indicated that ample pedagogical guidance exists for comparable or related subjects in other countries. An in-depth review of international literature was undertaken to determine what pedagogical direction might be gleaned from related subjects internationally for South African Consumer Studies education. Several aspects were identified which were used to construct broad pedagogical guidelines for Consumer Studies education regarding fundamental principles, the approach to teaching, and preferred teaching-learning strategies which should be used in the subject. It is recommended that pedagogical guidance be made available to teachers in the subject, and that further research be conducted to refine pedagogy for Consumer Studies education.
{"title":"Pedagogical guidance for South African consumer studies education","authors":"A. D. Toit","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V42I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V42I0","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer Studies, offered as a subject in South African secondary schools, has the potential to contribute significantly to the development of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills in learners. Despite the subject being complex and unique, inadequate pedagogical guidance exists for teachers in Consumer Studies. The benchmarking of the Consumer Studies curriculum with respective international curricula indicated that ample pedagogical guidance exists for comparable or related subjects in other countries. An in-depth review of international literature was undertaken to determine what pedagogical direction might be gleaned from related subjects internationally for South African Consumer Studies education. Several aspects were identified which were used to construct broad pedagogical guidelines for Consumer Studies education regarding fundamental principles, the approach to teaching, and preferred teaching-learning strategies which should be used in the subject. It is recommended that pedagogical guidance be made available to teachers in the subject, and that further research be conducted to refine pedagogy for Consumer Studies education.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"342 1","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75939260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article based on a paper read at the joint 11th International SAAFECS Conference and the 6th IHEA Regional African Conference, Pretoria, South Africa. 27 February 2013 – 1 March 2013.
{"title":"The standing of the curriculum for Consumer Studies as school subject in the South African context","authors":"C. Booyse, G. E. D. Rand, Adri Koekemoer","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V41I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V41I0","url":null,"abstract":"Article based on a paper read at the joint 11th International SAAFECS Conference and the 6th IHEA Regional African Conference, Pretoria, South Africa. 27 February 2013 – 1 March 2013.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"155 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76627458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Functional foods (and dietary supplements) containing bioactive food ingredients are more likely to be adopted by consumers who are aware of, have knowledge and an understanding of these ingredients. The first aim of this survey was to determine the consumer awareness, knowledge and understanding of ten bioactive food ingredients. As a second aim, associations between the consumer awareness, knowledge and understanding of each bioactive food ingredient and the consumer interest in, and knowledge of, food and nutrition, and health and wellness were determined. Consumer interest and knowledge are fundamental factors supporting consumer adoption of new products. Representing the health-conscious consumer 139 gymnasium/fitness centre subscribers and/or dietary supplement users from two middle-to-upper socio-economic sub-councils of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality voluntarily participated. The top five bioactive food ingredients recognised by the respondents were omega-3 fatty acids (97,1%), antioxidants (87,1%), probiotics (84,9%), soy protein (83,5%) and beta-carotene (68,3%). Omega-3 also produced the highest percentage of respondents with understanding of it as ingredient. Significant differences (p 0,05) associated with any of these factors.
{"title":"Awareness, knowledge, understanding and readiness to adopt bioactive food ingredients as part of functional food consumption by health-conscious consumers of the City of Cape Town","authors":"Karen O'connor, I. Venter","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V40I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V40I0","url":null,"abstract":"Functional foods (and dietary supplements) containing bioactive food ingredients are more likely to be adopted by consumers who are aware of, have knowledge and an understanding of these ingredients. The first aim of this survey was to determine the consumer awareness, knowledge and understanding of ten bioactive food ingredients. As a second aim, associations between the consumer awareness, knowledge and understanding of each bioactive food ingredient and the consumer interest in, and knowledge of, food and nutrition, and health and wellness were determined. Consumer interest and knowledge are fundamental factors supporting consumer adoption of new products. Representing the health-conscious consumer 139 gymnasium/fitness centre subscribers and/or dietary supplement users from two middle-to-upper socio-economic sub-councils of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality voluntarily participated. The top five bioactive food ingredients recognised by the respondents were omega-3 fatty acids (97,1%), antioxidants (87,1%), probiotics (84,9%), soy protein (83,5%) and beta-carotene (68,3%). Omega-3 also produced the highest percentage of respondents with understanding of it as ingredient. Significant differences (p 0,05) associated with any of these factors.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74419156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Professionally employed women have considerable spending power and clothing constitutes the third largest household expenditure. Personal image is important to career growth, thus satisfying the career wear needs of this market segment is important to retailers. Quality evaluation occurs at two stages during the consumer decision-making process. Firstly, quality is evaluated during the decision-making stage, and secondly during product use. Quality indicators used may differ during these two stages. Both intrinsic and extrinsic product features play a role in the consumer’s quality evaluation. The intrinsic product features primarily influence the tangible quality indicators (functional and sensory indicators). Extrinsic product features, such as brand name, price, store image and the “hanger appeal” of the garment, directly influence the non-tangible quality indicators (emotional, cognitive and influence of self and others). Inexperienced consumers may use extrinsic product features as an indication of the quality of a product. Through the use of T-tests and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient it was found that respondents used similar quality indicators to evaluate career wear quality both during the decision-making stage and during product use. Tangible quality indicators were seen as significantly more important than non-tangible quality indicators during both stages of quality evaluation.
{"title":"Professional women’s evaluation of the quality of career wear","authors":"Mariette Smith, H. M. Klerk, L. Fletcher","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V39I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V39I1","url":null,"abstract":"Professionally employed women have considerable spending power and clothing constitutes the third largest household expenditure. Personal image is important to career growth, thus satisfying the career wear needs of this market segment is important to retailers. Quality evaluation occurs at two stages during the consumer decision-making process. Firstly, quality is evaluated during the decision-making stage, and secondly during product use. Quality indicators used may differ during these two stages. Both intrinsic and extrinsic product features play a role in the consumer’s quality evaluation. The intrinsic product features primarily influence the tangible quality indicators (functional and sensory indicators). Extrinsic product features, such as brand name, price, store image and the “hanger appeal” of the garment, directly influence the non-tangible quality indicators (emotional, cognitive and influence of self and others). Inexperienced consumers may use extrinsic product features as an indication of the quality of a product. Through the use of T-tests and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient it was found that respondents used similar quality indicators to evaluate career wear quality both during the decision-making stage and during product use. Tangible quality indicators were seen as significantly more important than non-tangible quality indicators during both stages of quality evaluation.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73269931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JFECS.V39I1.71599
Neoline le Roux, Alet C. Erasmus
In recent years fear of crime has become an important motivation for South African families to move into security estates rather than residing in free standing homes in open neighbourhoods. Those who can afford housing in security developments not only provide their families with a sense of security and safety, but also acquire a desirable lifestyle and status. This exploratory study involved 205 residents of both genders, who live in upmarket security estates in Tshwane. They completed a structured questionnaire, which investigated the factors that influenced their decision to move to a security estate as well as their post-purchase evaluation of residence in the estate. Convenient, snowball sampling provided the only workable solution to recruit respondents because it was time consuming and particularly difficult to gain access to these estates. Not surprising safety and security was identified as the most important factor that influenced residents’ housing decision although they admitted that the impressiveness of security estates also was also influential. Respondents unequivocally indicated that they would not want to move to a home other than one in a security estate. This study therefore confirms the positive post-purchase evaluation of homeownership in security estates. Respondents strongly agreed that their current homes provided them with a utopia where concerns about maintenance and management were handled by a competent body corporate. They enjoyed the uniqueness and spaciousness of their tenure; the safety and security aspects which secured their well-being; as well as a sense of neighbourliness. Issues however came to the fore in the projective technique that could be explored further, for example complaints about lack of privacy (in some estates, the yards are small because houses are densely built) and financial implications (levies surfaced as a concern in terms of long term affordability). Positive aspects however outweighed all their concerns.
{"title":"Residents' reflection on tenure in security estates in South Africa","authors":"Neoline le Roux, Alet C. Erasmus","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V39I1.71599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V39I1.71599","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years fear of crime has become an important motivation for South African families to move into security estates rather than residing in free standing homes in open neighbourhoods. Those who can afford housing in security developments not only provide their families with a sense of security and safety, but also acquire a desirable lifestyle and status. This exploratory study involved 205 residents of both genders, who live in upmarket security estates in Tshwane. They completed a structured questionnaire, which investigated the factors that influenced their decision to move to a security estate as well as their post-purchase evaluation of residence in the estate. Convenient, snowball sampling provided the only workable solution to recruit respondents because it was time consuming and particularly difficult to gain access to these estates. Not surprising safety and security was identified as the most important factor that influenced residents’ housing decision although they admitted that the impressiveness of security estates also was also influential. Respondents unequivocally indicated that they would not want to move to a home other than one in a security estate. This study therefore confirms the positive post-purchase evaluation of homeownership in security estates. Respondents strongly agreed that their current homes provided them with a utopia where concerns about maintenance and management were handled by a competent body corporate. They enjoyed the uniqueness and spaciousness of their tenure; the safety and security aspects which secured their well-being; as well as a sense of neighbourliness. Issues however came to the fore in the projective technique that could be explored further, for example complaints about lack of privacy (in some estates, the yards are small because houses are densely built) and financial implications (levies surfaced as a concern in terms of long term affordability). Positive aspects however outweighed all their concerns.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"19-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75068575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JFECS.V39I1.69726
Antoinette Tsheboeng. Motiki
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the underlying reasons for sustainability or failure of the Botswana National Literacy Programme (BNLP) income generating projects with regard to personal development, literacy levels, availability of financial resources and the management and marketing of the project. Qualitative research methodology using focus group discussion was used to collect data. Ten operating and ten no-longer operating projects formed the sample of this study. The samples were from the southern, south east and northern regions of Botswana. The results of this study generally supported the premise which stated that the BNLP-supported income generating projects failed because of low economic returns, low literacy levels, poor management, lack of marketing processes including inadequate feasibility studies, lack of ongoing finance and general mismanagement. The study however rejected the expectation that income-generating projects failed due to lack of start up finance. Generally, sustainable projects were ones that had an individual in charge rather than committee driven ones.
{"title":"The performance of income-generating projects supported by the Botswana national literacy programme","authors":"Antoinette Tsheboeng. Motiki","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V39I1.69726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V39I1.69726","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate the underlying reasons for sustainability or failure of the Botswana National Literacy Programme (BNLP) income generating projects with regard to personal development, literacy levels, availability of financial resources and the management and marketing of the project. Qualitative research methodology using focus group discussion was used to collect data. Ten operating and ten no-longer operating projects formed the sample of this study. The samples were from the southern, south east and northern regions of Botswana. The results of this study generally supported the premise which stated that the BNLP-supported income generating projects failed because of low economic returns, low literacy levels, poor management, lack of marketing processes including inadequate feasibility studies, lack of ongoing finance and general mismanagement. The study however rejected the expectation that income-generating projects failed due to lack of start up finance. Generally, sustainable projects were ones that had an individual in charge rather than committee driven ones.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79313552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JFECS.V39I1.69727
A. Gericke, J. V. D. Pol
Since regenerated bamboo fibres (also referred to as bamboo viscose) became commercially available in 2006, consumers have been bombarded with contradictory information regarding products made of these fibres, their potential end-uses and their properties. On the one hand, manufacturers and marketers make broad claims about the antimicrobial and environmentally friendly characteristics of products made of regenerated bamboo, while, on the other hand, there is an outcry from consumer watchdogs that many of these claims are false and have not been properly proven. Very little information is available about the validation of these properties through scientific research studies. It is also evident that information about natural bamboo and regenerated bamboo fibre products is often confusing. Regenerated bamboo (also referred to as bamboo viscose or bamboo rayon) is manufactured from natural bamboo fibres in a regeneration process by which bamboo pulp is refined from the stems of the bamboo plant in a process similar to that used to manufacture viscose rayon fibres. The severity of this process has led to scepticism as to whether the antimicrobial properties of the bamboo kun remain unchanged in regenerated bamboo fibres. The question has been raised as to whether residual chemicals on the spun fibres could be the cause of antimicrobial properties. The main objective of this study was to investigate the claim that regenerated bamboo fibres have inherent antimicrobial properties as a result of the bamboo kun present in the raw material from which the fibres are regenerated. For this purpose, the antimicrobial properties of regenerated bamboo fabric were compared to those of viscose rayon and cotton fabrics. The results confirmed that cotton fabric (used as a control) exhibited no antimicrobial activity. However, the antimicrobial effect of the regenerated bamboo and viscose rayon samples was significantly higher than that of the cotton sample, for both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. The claims made concerning the bacteriostatic or antimicrobial properties of regenerated bamboo could thus not be proven as false. Statistically, the regenerated bamboo fabrics did not perform better than the viscose rayon fabrics in our tests and did not kill all the bacteria in the solution. No evidence was found that regenerated bamboo fibre fabrics are superior to other regenerated cellulose fibres such as viscose rayon, nor that the antimicrobial properties of natural bamboo remain unchanged in regenerated bamboo fibres.
{"title":"A comparative study of regenerated bamboo, cotton and viscose rayon fabrics. Part 2: antimicrobial properties","authors":"A. Gericke, J. V. D. Pol","doi":"10.4314/JFECS.V39I1.69727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JFECS.V39I1.69727","url":null,"abstract":"Since regenerated bamboo fibres (also referred to as bamboo viscose) became commercially available in 2006, consumers have been bombarded with contradictory information regarding products made of these fibres, their potential end-uses and their properties. On the one hand, manufacturers and marketers make broad claims about the antimicrobial and environmentally friendly characteristics of products made of regenerated bamboo, while, on the other hand, there is an outcry from consumer watchdogs that many of these claims are false and have not been properly proven. Very little information is available about the validation of these properties through scientific research studies. It is also evident that information about natural bamboo and regenerated bamboo fibre products is often confusing. Regenerated bamboo (also referred to as bamboo viscose or bamboo rayon) is manufactured from natural bamboo fibres in a regeneration process by which bamboo pulp is refined from the stems of the bamboo plant in a process similar to that used to manufacture viscose rayon fibres. The severity of this process has led to scepticism as to whether the antimicrobial properties of the bamboo kun remain unchanged in regenerated bamboo fibres. The question has been raised as to whether residual chemicals on the spun fibres could be the cause of antimicrobial properties. The main objective of this study was to investigate the claim that regenerated bamboo fibres have inherent antimicrobial properties as a result of the bamboo kun present in the raw material from which the fibres are regenerated. For this purpose, the antimicrobial properties of regenerated bamboo fabric were compared to those of viscose rayon and cotton fabrics. The results confirmed that cotton fabric (used as a control) exhibited no antimicrobial activity. However, the antimicrobial effect of the regenerated bamboo and viscose rayon samples was significantly higher than that of the cotton sample, for both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. The claims made concerning the bacteriostatic or antimicrobial properties of regenerated bamboo could thus not be proven as false. Statistically, the regenerated bamboo fabrics did not perform better than the viscose rayon fabrics in our tests and did not kill all the bacteria in the solution. No evidence was found that regenerated bamboo fibre fabrics are superior to other regenerated cellulose fibres such as viscose rayon, nor that the antimicrobial properties of natural bamboo remain unchanged in regenerated bamboo fibres.","PeriodicalId":53194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90614890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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