Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis最新文献

英文中文

Review of Ginkgo biloba-induced toxicity, from experimental studies to human case reports 综述银杏叶诱导的毒性，从实验研究到人类病例报告

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1278298

N. Mei, Xiaoqing Guo, Zhen Ren, Daisuke Kobayashi, K. Wada, Lei Guo

ABSTRACT Ginkgo biloba seeds and leaves have been used as a traditional herbal remedy for thousands of years, and its leaf extract has been consumed as a botanical dietary supplement for decades. Ginkgo biloba extract is a complex mixture with numerous components, including flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones, and is one of the most widely sold botanical dietary supplements worldwide. Concerns about potential health risks for the general population have been raised because of the widespread human exposure to Ginkgo biloba and its potential toxic and carcinogenic activities in rodents. The National Toxicology Program conducted 2-year gavage studies on one Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and concluded that there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of this extract in mice based on an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma. Recently, Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This review presents updated information on the toxicological effects from experimental studies both in vitro and in vivo to human case reports (caused by ginkgo seeds or leaves), and also summarizes the negative results from relatively large clinical trials.

银杏种子和叶子作为一种传统的草药已有几千年的历史，其叶子提取物作为一种植物性膳食补充剂已被食用了几十年。银杏叶提取物是一种复杂的混合物，含有许多成分，包括黄酮醇苷和萜烯内酯，是世界上最畅销的植物性膳食补充剂之一。由于人类广泛接触银杏叶及其对啮齿动物的潜在毒性和致癌性，人们对普通人群的潜在健康风险感到担忧。国家毒理学计划对一种银杏叶提取物进行了为期2年的灌胃研究，并得出结论，基于肝细胞癌和肝母细胞瘤发病率的增加，有明确的证据表明这种提取物对小鼠具有致癌活性。最近，银杏叶提取物被国际癌症研究机构列为可能的人类致癌物(2B类)。本文综述了从体外和体内实验研究到人类病例报告(由银杏种子或叶子引起)的毒理学效应的最新信息，并总结了相对大型临床试验的负面结果。

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引用次数: 101

Immunotoxicity of mercury: Pathological and toxicological effects 汞的免疫毒性:病理和毒理学效应

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1278299

Faheem Maqbool, K. Niaz, F. Hassan, Fazlullah Khan, M. Abdollahi

ABSTRACT Mercury (Hg) is toxic and hazardous metal that causes natural disasters in the earth's crust. Exposure to Hg occurs via various routes; like oral (fish), inhalation, dental amalgams, and skin from cosmetics. In this review, we have discussed the sources of Hg and its potential for causing toxicity in humans. In addition, we also review its bio-chemical cycling in the environment; its systemic, immunotoxic, genotoxic/carcinogenic, and teratogenic health effects; and the dietary influences; as well as the important considerations in risk assessment and management of Hg poisoning have been discussed in detail. Many harmful outcomes have been reported, which will provide more awareness.

汞是一种有毒有害的金属，会在地壳中引发自然灾害。接触汞的途径多种多样；如口服（鱼）、吸入、牙科汞合金和化妆品皮肤。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了汞的来源及其对人类造成毒性的可能性。此外，我们还回顾了其在环境中的生化循环；其系统性、免疫毒性、遗传毒性/致癌和致畸健康影响；以及饮食影响；以及汞中毒风险评估和管理中的重要考虑因素。已经报告了许多有害的结果，这将提高人们的认识。

引用次数: 44

A new drug design strategy: Killing drug resistant bacteria by deactivating their hypothetical genes 一种新的药物设计策略:通过使假定的基因失活来杀死耐药细菌

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1236605

T. Wong, Jimmy Kuo

ABSTRACT Despite that a bacterial genome is complicated by large numbers of horizontally transferred (HT) genes and function unknown hypothetical (FUN) genes, the Genic-Transcriptional-Stop-Signals-Ratio (TSSR) of a genome shows that HT and FUN genes are complementary to all other genes in the genome. When HT or certain FUN genes are omitted from the Escherichia coli K-12 genome, its Genomic-TSSR value becomes totally incomparable to other E. coli strains. The Genic-TSSR correlation tree of a pathogen shows that some FUN genes would form a unique cluster. Removing these genes by site-specific mutation or gene-knockout should lead to the demise of this pathogen.

尽管细菌基因组由大量水平转移(HT)基因和功能未知的假设(FUN)基因组成，但基因组的基因-转录-停止信号比(TSSR)显示HT和FUN基因与基因组中所有其他基因是互补的。当从大肠杆菌K-12基因组中剔除HT或某些FUN基因时，其基因组- tssr值完全无法与其他大肠杆菌菌株相比。病原菌的遗传- tssr相关树显示，一些FUN基因会形成一个独特的簇。通过位点特异性突变或基因敲除去除这些基因应该会导致这种病原体的死亡。

引用次数: 2

Review of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: Their potential human health impact. 审查作为烟草香烟替代品的电子香烟：其对人类健康的潜在影响。

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1236604

Ki-Hyun Kim, Ehsanul Kabir, Shamin Ara Jahan

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are devised to deliver nicotine in a vapor rather than in smoke without tar. ECs are hence advertised as being safer than tobacco cigarette products as the chemical compounds inhaled in the former are believed to be fewer and less toxic than those of the latter. Hazardous chemicals (e.g., formaldehyde) are nonetheless found to be generated incidentally by contacting the heated wire (i.e., the oxidation of glycerol/glycol in e-liquid). Although the extent of their release varies by several variables (e.g., the type of e-liquid, puffing rate, and the battery voltage), their exposure may also contribute to negative health effects. As the use of ECs may be much safer than that of common tobacco products, the former can be used as an aid to cut down or quit the latter. However, relatively little is yet known about the health effects of the EC on a long-term basis. Moreover, the use of EC cannot be clearly substantiated for renormalizing smoking behavior by current evidence. Behavior studies of the EC consumer suggest that the sufficient data for aerosol generation and chemical analysis should be acquired to establish reliable guides for its composition and consumption. In light of the urgent demand for such guidelines, this review examines the basic aspects of EC-related pollutants and their health effects.

电子香烟（Electronic cigarettes，ECs）的设计是以蒸汽而不是烟雾的形式提供尼古丁，不含焦油。因此，电子香烟被宣传为比烟草香烟产品更安全，因为前者吸入的化学物质被认为比后者更少，毒性更低。然而，人们发现，有害化学物质（如甲醛）会在接触加热的电线（即电子液体中的甘油/乙二醇氧化）时偶然产生。雖然這些物質的釋放程度因多個變數而異( 例如電子液的種類、吸啜速度和電池電壓) ，但接觸這些物質也可能對健康造成負面影響。由于使用电子烟可能比使用普通烟草制品安全得多，前者可作为减少或戒除后者的辅助手段。不過，有關氨基甲酸乙酯對健康的長期影響，目前仍所知甚少。此外，目前的證據亦未能清楚證明使用煙草產品可令吸煙行為回復正常。对氨基甲酸乙酯消费者的行为研究表明，应获得足够的气溶胶产生和化学分析数据，以便为氨基甲酸乙酯的成分和消费提供可靠的指导。鉴于对此类指导原则的迫切需求，本综述研究了与电子烟有关的污染物的基本方面及其对健康的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Mycotoxin in the food supply chain—implications for public health program 食品供应链中的霉菌毒素——对公共卫生计划的影响

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1236607

D. Milićević, I. Nastasijević, Z. Petrović

ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are a group of naturally occurring toxic chemical substances, produced mainly by microscopic filamentous fungal species. Regarding potential synergisms or even mitigating effects between toxic elements, mycotoxin contamination will continue to be an area of concern for producers, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, researchers, and consumers in the future. In Serbia, recent drought and then flooding confirmed that mycotoxins are one of the foodborne hazards most susceptible to climate change. In this article, we review key aspects of mycotoxin contamination of the food supply chain and implications for public health from the Serbian perspective.

真菌毒素是一组天然存在的有毒化学物质，主要由微观丝状真菌产生。关于有毒元素之间潜在的协同作用甚至缓解作用，霉菌毒素污染将继续是生产者、制造商、监管机构、研究人员和消费者未来关注的一个领域。在塞尔维亚，最近的干旱和随后的洪水证实，真菌毒素是最易受气候变化影响的食源性危害之一。在这篇文章中，我们从塞尔维亚的角度回顾了食品供应链霉菌毒素污染的关键方面和对公共卫生的影响。

引用次数: 27

Editorial Board EOV 编辑委员会EOV

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1270019

引用次数: 0

Arsenic and its compounds in mushrooms: A review 蘑菇中砷及其化合物的研究进展

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2016-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1235935

J. Falandysz, L. Rizal

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to review the detail concentration of arsenic in some species of mushrooms as well as organic and inorganic forms of arsenic in the substrates where wild and cultivated edible mushrooms grow. We also briefly review the molecular forms of arsenic in mushrooms. There is still a lack of experimental data from the environment for a variety of species from different habitats and for different levels of geogenic arsenic in soil. This information will be useful for mushrooms consumers, nutritionists, and food regulatory agencies by describing ways to minimize arsenic content in edible mushrooms and arsenic intake from mushroom meals.

摘要本文综述了几种蘑菇中砷的详细含量，以及野生和栽培食用菌生长基质中砷的有机和无机形式。我们还简要回顾了蘑菇中砷的分子形式。仍然缺乏来自不同生境的各种物种的环境实验数据以及土壤中不同水平的地质砷。这些信息将对蘑菇消费者、营养学家和食品监管机构有用，因为它们描述了减少食用蘑菇中砷含量和从蘑菇餐中摄入砷的方法。

引用次数: 42

Azo dyes and human health: A review 偶氮染料与人体健康研究进展

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2016-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1236602

K. Chung

ABSTRACT Synthetic azo dyes are widely used in industries. Gerhardt Domagk discovered that the antimicrobial effect of red azo dye Prontosil was caused by the reductively cleaved (azo reduction) product sulfanilamide. The significance of azo reduction is thus revealed. Azo reduction can be accomplished by human intestinal microflora, skin microflora, environmental microorganisms, to a lesser extent by human liver azoreductase, and by nonbiological means. Some azo dyes can be carcinogenic without being cleaved into aromatic amines. However, the carcinogenicity of many azo dyes is due to their cleaved product such as benzidine. Benzidine induces various human and animal tumors. Another azo dye component, p-phenylenediamine, is a contact allergen. Many azo dyes and their reductively cleaved products as well as chemically related aromatic amines are reported to affect human health, causing allergies and other human maladies.

合成偶氮染料在工业上有着广泛的应用。Gerhardt Domagk发现红色偶氮染料Prontosil的抗菌作用是由还原裂解(偶氮还原)产物磺胺引起的。从而揭示了偶氮还原的意义。偶氮还原可以通过人肠道菌群、皮肤菌群、环境微生物来完成，在较小程度上通过人肝脏偶氮还原酶来完成，也可以通过非生物手段来完成。有些偶氮染料即使没有被分解成芳香胺也会致癌。然而，许多偶氮染料的致癌性是由于它们的裂解产物，如联苯胺。联苯胺可诱发多种人类和动物肿瘤。另一种偶氮染料成分对苯二胺是一种接触性过敏原。据报道，许多偶氮染料及其还原裂解产物以及化学相关的芳香胺会影响人类健康，引起过敏和其他人类疾病。

引用次数: 547

New clues on carcinogenicity-related substructures derived from mining two large datasets of chemical compounds 从两个大的化合物数据集中获得的致癌相关亚结构的新线索

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2016-03-17 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1166879

A. Golbamaki, E. Benfenati, N. Golbamaki, A. Manganaro, Erinc Merdivan, A. Roncaglioni, G. Gini

ABSTRACT In this study, new molecular fragments associated with genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens are introduced to estimate the carcinogenic potential of compounds. Two rule-based carcinogenesis models were developed with the aid of SARpy: model R (from rodents' experimental data) and model E (from human carcinogenicity data). Structural alert extraction method of SARpy uses a completely automated and unbiased manner with statistical significance. The carcinogenicity models developed in this study are collections of carcinogenic potential fragments that were extracted from two carcinogenicity databases: the ANTARES carcinogenicity dataset with information from bioassay on rats and the combination of ISSCAN and CGX datasets, which take into accounts human-based assessment. The performance of these two models was evaluated in terms of cross-validation and external validation using a 258 compound case study dataset. Combining R and H predictions and scoring a positive or negative result when both models are concordant on a prediction, increased accuracy to 72% and specificity to 79% on the external test set. The carcinogenic fragments present in the two models were compared and analyzed from the point of view of chemical class. The results of this study show that the developed rule sets will be a useful tool to identify some new structural alerts of carcinogenicity and provide effective information on the molecular structures of carcinogenic chemicals.

在这项研究中，引入了与遗传毒性和非遗传毒性致癌物相关的新分子片段来估计化合物的致癌潜力。借助SARpy建立了两个基于规则的致癌模型:R模型(来自啮齿动物实验数据)和E模型(来自人类致癌性数据)。SARpy的结构警报提取方法采用完全自动化、无偏的方式，具有统计显著性。本研究中建立的致癌性模型是从两个致癌性数据库中提取的潜在致癌性片段的集合:ANTARES致癌性数据集，其中包含大鼠生物测定信息;iscan和CGX数据集的组合，其中考虑了基于人类的评估。使用258个复合案例研究数据集，通过交叉验证和外部验证来评估这两个模型的性能。结合R和H预测，当两个模型在预测上一致时，对阳性或阴性结果进行评分，将外部测试集的准确性提高到72%，特异性提高到79%。从化学类的角度对两种模型中存在的致癌碎片进行了比较和分析。本研究结果表明，所建立的规则集将是识别一些新的致癌性结构警报的有用工具，并为致癌化学物质的分子结构提供有效的信息。

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引用次数: 27

The mycotoxin definition reconsidered towards fungal cyclic depsipeptides 真菌毒素的定义重新考虑到真菌环沉积肽

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

Pub Date : 2016-03-10 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1164561

L. Taevernier, E. Wynendaele, Leen De Vreese, C. Burvenich, B. de Spiegeleer

ABSTRACT Currently, next to the major classes, cyclic depsipeptides beauvericin and enniatins are also positioned as mycotoxins. However, as there are hundreds more fungal cyclic depsipeptides already identified, should these not be considered as mycotoxins as well? The current status of the mycotoxin definition revealed a lack of consistency, leading to confusion about what compounds should be called mycotoxins. Because this is of pivotal importance in risk assessment prioritization, a clear and quantitatively expressed mycotoxin definition is proposed, based on data of widely accepted mycotoxins. Finally, this definition is applied to a set of fungal cyclic depsipeptides, revealing that some of these should indeed be considered as mycotoxins.

目前，除主要种类外，环沉积肽beauvericin和enniatins也被定位为真菌毒素。然而，由于已经发现了数百种真菌环状沉积肽，这些不也应该被视为真菌毒素吗?真菌毒素定义的现状显示缺乏一致性，导致对哪些化合物应被称为真菌毒素的混淆。由于这对风险评估的优先级至关重要，因此根据广泛接受的真菌毒素数据，提出了明确和定量表达的真菌毒素定义。最后，这一定义适用于一组真菌环状沉积肽，揭示其中一些确实应被视为真菌毒素。

引用次数: 21

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis

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