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The problem of interrelations between cultural diplomacy and national cultural policies in the field of music: Experiences from the socialist Yugoslavia as a possible yardstick 音乐领域的文化外交与国家文化政策的相互关系问题:来自社会主义南斯拉夫的经验作为一个可能的尺度
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2173155v
Ivana Vesic
This paper will examine in detail the discepancy between the phenomenon of decline of popularity of the choral amateurism that started in the mid-1950s and its rising prestige in the cultural diplomacy of the socialist Yugoslavia. Taking into consideration, on the one hand, the different phases of development of this practice after WW2 followed with various measures of the creators of Yugoslav cultural policies meant at its revitalization and expansion, and, on the other hand, strenghtening of its role and standing in the bilateral cultural exchanges in this period, we will try to point out the following: 1) how important the congruence between cultural diplomacy and national cultural policies (and politics) is, and 2) whether the focus on the different parts of the field of music is also fruitful for the cultural diplomacy.
本文将详细研究20世纪50年代中期开始的业余合唱流行程度下降的现象与它在社会主义南斯拉夫文化外交中的声望上升之间的差异。一方面,考虑到二战后这一实践的不同发展阶段,以及南斯拉夫文化政策制定者为其振兴和扩张所采取的各种措施,另一方面,在这一时期,加强其在双边文化交流中的作用和地位,我们将试图指出以下几点:1)文化外交与国家文化政策(和政治)的一致性有多重要;2)对音乐领域不同部分的关注是否对文化外交也有成效。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural diplomacy of the people's Republic of China in the Western Balkans: Serbia from a comparative perspective 中华人民共和国在西巴尔干地区的文化外交:比较视角下的塞尔维亚
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2173035t
D. Trailović
The People's Republic of China has long sought to improve its image in the world through various and numerous forms of public and cultural diplomacy. Since China became one of the important and influential actors at international level, there was a need to change their perspective concerning others, but also to change the perspective of others concerning China. To achieve that, the People's Republic of China has begun to implement a proactive strategy of public and cultural diplomacy, which will promote it as a responsible great power and which will contribute to the formation of a positive narrative in international relations. The Chinese authorities, with several major initiatives involving economic, political and cultural strategies are seeking to improve and promote their country's image as a trusted political and economic partner. In the process, culture and cultural exchange are becoming one of China's most important tools for increasing its soft power. As these initiatives include the Western Balkans, and thus the Republic of Serbia, China, as elsewhere, uses various methods and instruments of cultural diplomacy, ranging from Confucius Institutes and academic cooperation to the internationalization of the Chinese media as well as Chinese presence in the media of these countries. Accordingly, the aim of the paper is to present and describe how these instruments work in the Western Balkans, and how they are applied in the Republic of Serbia in comparison with other countries in the region.
中华人民共和国长期以来一直寻求通过各种形式的公共外交和文化外交来改善其在世界上的形象。由于中国成为国际上重要和有影响力的行动者之一,因此有必要改变他们对他人的看法,也需要改变他人对中国的看法。为了实现这一目标,中华人民共和国已开始实施积极主动的公共外交和文化外交战略,这将促进中国成为一个负责任的大国,并将有助于在国际关系中形成积极的叙事。中国当局通过几项涉及经济、政治和文化战略的重大举措,正在寻求改善和提升中国作为一个值得信赖的政治和经济伙伴的形象。在这个过程中,文化和文化交流正在成为中国增强软实力的最重要工具之一。由于这些倡议包括西巴尔干和塞尔维亚共和国,中国和其他地方一样,使用各种文化外交方法和工具,从孔子学院和学术合作到中国媒体的国际化以及中国在这些国家媒体中的存在。因此,本文的目的是介绍和描述这些文书如何在西巴尔干发挥作用,以及与该区域其他国家相比,这些文书如何在塞尔维亚共和国适用。
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引用次数: 0
Culture in the foreign relations of the European Union: Towards a new paradigm of cultural diplomacy? 欧盟外交关系中的文化:走向文化外交的新范式?
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2173009r
Ljiljana Rogač-Mijatović
In the past few years, cultural diplomacy has become important among the priorities of European Union (EU) policies. In that political vision, European cultural relations should be based on transnational interactions between two or more cultures, be equal, unprojective and non-coercive, and guided by mutual cooperation of state and non-state actors. The paper examines the development of the European Union's (EU) cultural diplomacy agenda, from "culture in external relations" to "inclusive cultural relations" and the "new spirit of dialogue" as a political narrative and institutional logic, laying the foundations for contemporary priorities of European foreign cultural policy, its instruments and programs. The theoretical and empirical framework of the analysis is set by considering the dichotomies of discourse and political rhetoric surrounding EU cultural diplomacy. The methodology of the work is based on an analysis of the EU public policy discourse and documents, initiatives, contents and announcements related to cultural diplomacy and foreign cultural policy, in order to see their development phases, concepts and scope of activities for improving international cultural relations. In defining and interpreting the current European "narrative" and the paradigm of cultural diplomacy, the paper starts from the multiperspectival theoretical foundation of cultural diplomacy and related concepts. The analysis shows how the EU's decade-long effort to shape its foreign policy and cultural strategy has gained its explicit expression from the implicit one. At several stages of development, the EU has adopted a new model of cultural diplomacy that combines elements of several definitions - and theoretical frameworks - of public diplomacy and soft power, cultural policy, international cultural relations and cultural cooperation. This integrated EU strategic approach is based on a broad definition of culture, intercultural dialogue and cooperation, and a bottom-up approach. In order to balance the soft power projection dimension in EU cultural diplomacy policy and practice, it would be necessary to persist in advocating for a cultural perspective that would focus on collaborative approaches and field processes generated by cultural diplomacy projects and actors. It would essentially be an incentive for a "new spirit of dialogue" both between member states and with third countries that are on the European path.
在过去的几年里,文化外交已经成为欧盟政策的重要优先事项之一。在这一政治愿景中,欧洲文化关系应基于两种或两种以上文化之间的跨国互动,是平等的、非投射性的和非强制性的,并以国家和非国家行为体的相互合作为指导。本文考察了欧盟文化外交议程的发展,从“对外关系中的文化”到“包容性文化关系”,以及作为政治叙事和制度逻辑的“新的对话精神”,为欧洲外交文化政策、工具和计划的当代优先事项奠定了基础。分析的理论和实证框架是通过考虑围绕欧盟文化外交的话语和政治修辞的二分法来设定的。这项工作的方法是基于对欧盟公共政策话语、文件、倡议、内容和与文化外交和对外文化政策相关的公告的分析,以了解其发展阶段、概念和活动范围,以改善国际文化关系。在界定和解读当前欧洲的“叙事”和文化外交范式时,本文从文化外交的多视角理论基础及相关概念入手。分析表明,欧盟十年来塑造外交政策和文化战略的努力是如何从隐性表达中获得显性表达的。在发展的几个阶段,欧盟采用了一种新的文化外交模式,它结合了公共外交和软实力、文化政策、国际文化关系和文化合作的几个定义和理论框架的要素。这种一体化的欧盟战略方法基于对文化、跨文化对话与合作的广泛定义,以及自下而上的方法。为了平衡欧盟文化外交政策和实践中的软实力投射维度,有必要坚持倡导文化视角,将重点放在文化外交项目和行动者产生的协作方法和实地过程上。从本质上讲,它将激励成员国之间以及与走在欧洲道路上的第三国之间的“新的对话精神”。
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引用次数: 0
Research of public libraries audience 公共图书馆读者调查
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2171101g
B. Grujić
This paper is a proposal for a methodologically based monitoring of the changes in habits and needs of library audiences, i.e. changes in access to library services, in the circumstances of the changed communication models caused by the wide use of information and communication technology. It presents audience research in the context of strategic planning in libraries, and points out terminological categories that could serve as a starting point for further research. Using the case study method of Novi Sad City Library, the paper categorizes the audience in two groups which proved to be right for quantitative and qualitative monitoring: according to the preference of the audience for certain content - permanent, occasional, potential and inaccessible audience types are defined, and according to the methods of addressing - users of funds and services, audiences in the narrow sense and online users are defined. Young people turned out to be a strategically relevant target group. The research has shown that the youth are the widest digital media consumers and that their primary goal is infotainment - a combination of a low percentage of information in highly entertaining packages. Members of young population do not recognize the library as a place of interest, so it is necessary to develop adequate channels of communication with them, in a way typical for this group. The paper shows how the model of the Novi Sad Library can be applied as a strategically based audience research in other public libraries, and gives an example of a user experience testing model (UX) and its final result - designed library services. Previous researches by Leo Appleton and Gina De Alwis were used in the paper. At the core of the designed service is participation, as a model of creating instead of consuming the prepared content.
在信息和通信技术的广泛使用导致传播模式发生变化的情况下,本文提出了一种基于方法的监测图书馆受众习惯和需求变化的建议,即获取图书馆服务的变化。它提出了在图书馆战略规划背景下的受众研究,并指出了可以作为进一步研究起点的术语类别。本文采用诺维萨德市图书馆的案例研究方法,将受众分为两类,这两类被证明是适合进行定量和定性监测的:根据受众对某些内容的偏好,定义了永久、偶尔、潜在和不可接近的受众类型;根据对资金和服务用户的称呼方法,定义了狭义受众和在线用户。年轻人是一个具有战略意义的目标群体。研究表明,年轻人是最广泛的数字媒体消费者,他们的主要目标是信息娱乐——在高度娱乐的包装中包含低比例的信息。年轻人不认为图书馆是一个有趣的地方,所以有必要以一种典型的方式与他们建立足够的沟通渠道。本文展示了如何将诺维萨德图书馆的模式作为一种基于策略的受众研究应用于其他公共图书馆,并给出了一个用户体验测试模型(UX)及其最终结果设计的图书馆服务的例子。本文引用了Leo Appleton和Gina De Alwis之前的研究。设计的服务的核心是参与,作为创建而不是消费准备好的内容的模型。
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引用次数: 0
The post-postmodern subject: The role of narrative imagination in construing of the subject 后后现代主体:叙事想象在主体建构中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2171055p
V. Popović
The so-called "postmodern turn" has produced a sense of turmoil in contemporary philosophy and the humanities, subverting the Western mind and provoking doubts in its existence, sense of meaning and purpose. It disputes almost all basic premises of modernity. For example, notions such as: the self, the subject, imagination, became a target of vicious attacks by postmodern thinkers. Counter to the modern notion of the subject, the postmodern subject lacks an essential core of identity: it is fragmented, decentered, in the process of perpetual change or disintegration. A "thinking and reflecting" subject who looks inward to inspect the self is denied, as neither such an interiorized being that examines, conceptualize and interacts with others, nor interiority as such, exist. The subject is nowadays advised to search outward for the ways to interact with the social world, because this a privileged way of construing one's self. In similar fashion, imagination is obliterated and devoid of its creative powers. The "imaginary", as a reference to an impersonal entity, is substituted for the notion of imagination. While the latter stands for an "author" or "creator" who produces or creates images, the former is nothing creative in itself. The outcome is that, in the postmodern theory, the imagination is seen as an obsolete mental ability which is deposed of its power to create meaning. My intention in this paper is not to reanimate the modern notions of the self, the subject and imagination, but rather to consent with the postmodern verdict and proceed onward. It is my intention to build a post-postmodern notion of the self. The purpose of my paper is to introduce a post-Jungian account of the importance that the narrative and imagination have in human life for the constitution of subjectivity and the self.
所谓的“后现代转向”在当代哲学和人文学科中产生了一种动荡感,颠覆了西方的思维,引发了对其存在感、意义感和目的感的质疑。它对现代性的几乎所有基本前提都提出了质疑。例如,自我、主体、想象等概念成为后现代思想家恶毒攻击的目标。与现代主体概念相反,后现代主体缺乏身份的基本核心:它是碎片化的、去中心化的,处于不断变化或解体的过程中。一个向内审视自我的“思考和反思”主体被否定了,因为既不存在这样一个审视、概念化和与他人互动的内化存在,也不存在这样的内在性。如今,这个主题被建议向外寻找与社会世界互动的方式,因为这是一种构建自我的特权方式。同样,想象力也被抹去,失去了创造力。“想象”,作为一个非个人实体的参考,取代了想象的概念。后者代表“作者”或“创造者”,他们生产或创造图像,而前者本身没有任何创造性。结果是,在后现代理论中,想象力被视为一种过时的精神能力,被剥夺了创造意义的能力。我在这篇文章中的意图并不是要重新激活自我、主体和想象的现代概念,而是同意后现代的结论并继续前进。我的目的是建立一个后后现代的自我概念。我这篇论文的目的是介绍一种后荣格的叙事和想象在人类生活中对主体性和自我构成的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Features of cultural diplomacy of the United States of America 美国文化外交的特点
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2173069l
Mladen Lišanin
The objective of the article is to shed light on the historical and intellectual frameworks within which the concept of American cultural diplomacy has emerged and transformed, as well as to identify the features of its theoretical formulations and practical application. American historical experience, first the inter-war, and subsequently World War II and Cold War, essentially determined the ways in which the diplomatic system of the United States developed. Academic and social debates on the role and significance of culture in pursuing national interest have been, and remained until today, reflections of international system transformations and the American position therein. The superpower experience during the bipolar system of the Cold War, as well as subsequent incomparable status of the global hegemony during the post-Cold War "unipolar moment", has shaped the practice of American diplomacy in a way which occasionally blurred the difference between the natures and extents of military and cultural dominance of the US. This is evident from the case of American cultural-diplomatic relations with Serbia and former Yugoslavia, analyzed in the third section of the paper. The key finding is that, in the context of great power politics, the cultural aspect of foreign policy functions only in cooperation with the military-strategic aspect; thus, only cultural influence purposefully exerted as part of general diplomatic efforts can be considered cultural diplomacy.
本文的目的是揭示美国文化外交概念产生和转变的历史和思想框架,并确定其理论构想和实际应用的特点。美国的历史经验,首先是两次世界大战之间的经历,随后是第二次世界大战和冷战,从本质上决定了美国外交体系的发展方式。关于文化在追求国家利益中的作用和意义的学术和社会辩论一直是,并且直到今天仍然是对国际体系变革和美国在其中的地位的反映。冷战两极体系中的超级大国经验,以及冷战后“单极时刻”中无可比拟的全球霸权地位,在某种程度上塑造了美国的外交实践,偶尔模糊了美国军事和文化优势的性质和程度之间的差异。这一点从本文第三部分分析的美国与塞尔维亚和前南斯拉夫的文化外交关系中可以明显看出。关键的发现是,在大国政治的背景下,外交政策的文化方面只有与军事战略方面合作才能发挥作用;因此,只有作为一般外交努力的一部分有目的地施加文化影响才能被视为文化外交。
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引用次数: 0
Some examples of interaction between dominant and non-dominant models in history of thought 思想史上主导模式和非主导模式相互作用的一些例子
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2171151m
Aleksandar Milanković
What are the types of interaction between dominant and non-dominant models in history of ideas? Is it the case that dominant paradigms of thought and "absolute pre-suppositions" of one age are permeated with non-dominant, different or even opposite sets of ideas, pre-suppositions and beliefs? If so, to what extent? Is it possible to control trajectories of ideas, their circulation and historical interactions in processes of suppressing the non-dominant models (by eradicating material traces and destroying their proponents)? How do suppressed ideas influence dominant models of thought?
在思想史上,主导模式和非主导模式之间的互动类型是什么?一个时代的主导思想范式和“绝对预设”是否渗透着非主导的、不同的、甚至相反的思想、预设和信仰?如果是,到什么程度?在压制非主导模式的过程中(通过消除物质痕迹和摧毁其支持者),是否有可能控制思想的轨迹、它们的循环和历史的相互作用?被压抑的想法是如何影响主流思维模式的?
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引用次数: 0
Industrial heritage and creative initiatives as catalysts of event tourism 工业遗产和创意举措是活动旅游的催化剂
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2171124j
Aleksandra Jevtović
The concept of sustainable urban development requires re-purposing of buildings and areas in service of local communities. Industrial complexes which are no longer used for their original purpose are often left to degrade, simply because their demolition requires large investments. In such circumstances, creative sector initiatives were proved to be of multiple importance. They do not require too much of financial investment and do provide authentic solutions for the given problem. Innovation in that domain significantly contributes to the tourism industry, in particular to some forms of selective tourism and to outbound markets whose demands are increasingly difficult to be satisfied by mass tourism products. Among examples from practice, the case of "Ciglana" in Karaburma (Brick factory) in Belgrade stands distinguished, as a place where the festival "Dev9t" dedicated to creativity has been organized. This area contains the memory of various layers and stages of Belgrade's industrialization and it is not under institutional protection. In this paper, the process of its adaptive reuse was discussed, as well as new meanings assigned to it by the festival activities.
可持续城市发展的概念要求重新设计建筑物和区域,为当地社区服务。由于拆除工业综合体需要大量投资,因此不再按原来的用途使用的工业综合体往往只能任其退化。在这种情况下,创意部门的倡议被证明具有多重重要性。它们不需要太多的财政投入,并且确实为给定的问题提供了真实的解决方案。这一领域的创新大大有助于旅游业,特别是对某些形式的选择性旅游和大众旅游产品日益难以满足其需求的出境市场作出贡献。在实践的例子中,贝尔格莱德卡拉布尔马(砖厂)的“Ciglana”案例脱颖而出,作为一个致力于创造力的“Dev9t”节组织的地方。这个区域包含了贝尔格莱德工业化的各个层次和阶段的记忆,它不受制度保护。本文讨论了它的适应性再利用过程,以及节日活动赋予它的新意义。
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引用次数: 0
Legacies to the collection of coins and medals of the Belgrade City Museum 遗留到贝尔格莱德城市博物馆的硬币和奖章收藏
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2171179v
Jelena Vasić-Derimanović
Two of the twenty-eight legacies to the Belgrade City Museum are found in the "Collection of Money and Medals": the bequests of Đorđe Novaković and Svetozar St. Dušanić. These collections were donated to the Museum in the 1970s. After a brief review of the concept and the legal status of legacies in view of the Serbian cultural milieu and policies, the paper demonstrates a study of two bequests - the paper banknotes and the Roman coins from the "Collection for Money and Medals". In addition to the short history of each legacy, the manner in which they were formed, including their contents, an attempt was made to search available documentation in the museum archives to demonstrate how the collections were donated to the Museum and "established" as legacies. The work also considers to what extent and with what success the Museum activities have been carried out in practice, namely: preservation, conservation, restoration and documentation filing, as well as communication activities which include exhibitions and education
贝尔格莱德城市博物馆的28件遗产中有两件在“金钱和奖章收藏”中找到:Đorđe novakoviic和Svetozar St. Dušanić的遗赠。这些藏品是在20世纪70年代捐赠给博物馆的。在简要回顾了遗产的概念和法律地位之后,鉴于塞尔维亚的文化环境和政策,本文展示了对两种遗赠的研究-纸币和罗马硬币“收集金钱和奖章”。除了每件遗产的短暂历史、形成方式及其内容外,还试图搜索博物馆档案中的现有文件,以证明这些藏品是如何捐赠给博物馆并“确立”为遗产的。这项工作还考虑到博物馆的活动在实践中进行的程度和成功程度,即:保存,保存,修复和文件存档,以及包括展览和教育在内的交流活动
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引用次数: 0
A composite image of the state: The role of collections in the cultural diplomacy of the early modern state 国家的综合形象:收藏品在早期现代国家文化外交中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/kultura2173097t
Jelena Todorović
A new form of identity that emerged in the late Renaissance grew even more vivid in the Baroque Age. It was a novel, complex type of identity, that was fashioned by the individual, according to social norms and expectations. That type of identity was often immortalised in the painted or sculpted portraits, but not only there. The image that one left for posterity could have been a manifold one, represented in lavish libraries and the first cabinets of curiosities. Simultaneously with the development of the first collections as mirrors of identity, grew a parallel notion where a collection surpassed the confines of the particular and became a symbolic signifier of the collective identity of the state. The role of the collections in the cultural diplomacy of the early modern state are the main topic of this article. But in order to be fully understood, this mechanism would need to be explained first on the individual and then on a wider plane.
文艺复兴晚期出现的一种新形式的身份在巴洛克时代变得更加鲜明。这是一种新奇而复杂的身份,是由个人根据社会规范和期望塑造的。这种身份往往在绘画或雕刻肖像中不朽,但不仅仅是在那里。一个人留给后代的形象可能是多种多样的,在豪华的图书馆和第一批珍品柜中都有体现。与此同时,作为身份镜子的第一批收藏品的发展,也产生了一个平行的概念,即收藏品超越了特定的界限,成为国家集体身份的象征性象征。本文主要探讨的是近代早期国家文化外交中馆藏的作用。但为了完全理解,这一机制需要首先在个体上进行解释,然后在更广泛的层面上进行解释。
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引用次数: 0
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Kultura Skopje
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