Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7242
A. Aigberua, Sylvester Chibueze Izah, Glory Richard
Introduction: An instance of fish deaths in marine waters surrounding some communities in Bonny and Andoni Local Government Areas in Rivers State was reported in March-April 2020. This study investigated trace metals hazard in muscle of Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) and Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from Okulu River, Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Tissues of 24 samples of Sarotherodon melanotheron and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus obtained from the river were analyzed using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer, and the health risk was estimated based on estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). Results: The concentration (mg/kg) of iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, lead, and chromium in both species ranged 4.00 – 197.30, 9.20 – 35.30, 0.20 – 5.00, 0.00 – 73.10, 0.00 – 1.30, 0.00 – 54.70, and 0.00 – 0.50, respectively. The EDI of trace metals resulting from the consumption of both fish species was higher than the permissible tolerance intake (PTI) mg/day/60kg body weight. The THQ and TTHQ were < 1, indicating that the consumption of this food fish portends no known health concern. However, the carcinogenic risks exceeded the threshold level of 10-6 - 10-4, thus, reflecting carcinogenic tendency. Based on the results obtained, it must be ensured that the effluents discharged into open water bodies meet the recommended limits. Conclusion: There is a need to create awareness among consumers of food fish in the study area. There should be periodic monitoring of trace metals in surface waters and its food fish population to forestall potential health impact on humans.
{"title":"Hazard Analysis of Trace Metals in Muscle of Sarotherodon Melanotheron and Chrysichthys Nigrodigitatus from Okulu River, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Aigberua, Sylvester Chibueze Izah, Glory Richard","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7242","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: An instance of fish deaths in marine waters surrounding some communities in Bonny and Andoni Local Government Areas in Rivers State was reported in March-April 2020. This study investigated trace metals hazard in muscle of Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) and Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from Okulu River, Rivers State, Nigeria. \u0000Materials and Methods: Tissues of 24 samples of Sarotherodon melanotheron and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus obtained from the river were analyzed using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer, and the health risk was estimated based on estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). \u0000Results: The concentration (mg/kg) of iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, lead, and chromium in both species ranged 4.00 – 197.30, 9.20 – 35.30, 0.20 – 5.00, 0.00 – 73.10, 0.00 – 1.30, 0.00 – 54.70, and 0.00 – 0.50, respectively. The EDI of trace metals resulting from the consumption of both fish species was higher than the permissible tolerance intake (PTI) mg/day/60kg body weight. The THQ and TTHQ were < 1, indicating that the consumption of this food fish portends no known health concern. However, the carcinogenic risks exceeded the threshold level of 10-6 - 10-4, thus, reflecting carcinogenic tendency. Based on the results obtained, it must be ensured that the effluents discharged into open water bodies meet the recommended limits. \u0000Conclusion: There is a need to create awareness among consumers of food fish in the study area. There should be periodic monitoring of trace metals in surface waters and its food fish population to forestall potential health impact on humans.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45522611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7246
Moslem Akhoundzardeini, M. Z. Sakhvidi, F. Teimouri, M. Mokhtari
Introduction: Exposure to pesticides in greenhouse workers is associated with several health outcomes, such as cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to pesticides and cognitive function in Yazd city greenhouse workers and those living in the proximity of the greenhouses. Materials and Methods: In this study, three groups of participants were selected, including the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of the greenhouses, and the control group. A semi-quantitative assessment of pesticide exposure was used to calculate the subjects’ cumulative pesticide exposure as a proxy for long-term exposure to pesticides. Blood level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured as a biomarker of effect. Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Mini–mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess cognitive functions (including memory, executive functions, attention, visual, and verbal functions). Results: Mean cholinesterase activity in the greenhouse workers (average = 7009.3 U/L) was lower than the two other groups. The results of the cognitive function score for both FAB and MMSE tests did not show a significant difference between the direct exposure and indirect exposure groups, although the cognitive function score in the pesticide applicators was lower than the two other study groups (e.g. for FAB score: 13.89, 14.55, and 15.4 for the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of greenhouses, and the control group). The results also showed that in the direct exposure group, those with lower levels of cholinesterase activity also had a lower cognitive function. Conclusion: The findings indicated that there is a potential link between impaired cognitive function and exposure to pesticides in the greenhouse workers.
{"title":"Association between Exposure to Pesticides and Cognitive Function in Greenhouse Workers (Case Study: Ahmadabad Village of Yazd Province)","authors":"Moslem Akhoundzardeini, M. Z. Sakhvidi, F. Teimouri, M. Mokhtari","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7246","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Exposure to pesticides in greenhouse workers is associated with several health outcomes, such as cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to pesticides and cognitive function in Yazd city greenhouse workers and those living in the proximity of the greenhouses. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this study, three groups of participants were selected, including the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of the greenhouses, and the control group. A semi-quantitative assessment of pesticide exposure was used to calculate the subjects’ cumulative pesticide exposure as a proxy for long-term exposure to pesticides. Blood level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured as a biomarker of effect. Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Mini–mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess cognitive functions (including memory, executive functions, attention, visual, and verbal functions). \u0000Results: Mean cholinesterase activity in the greenhouse workers (average = 7009.3 U/L) was lower than the two other groups. The results of the cognitive function score for both FAB and MMSE tests did not show a significant difference between the direct exposure and indirect exposure groups, although the cognitive function score in the pesticide applicators was lower than the two other study groups (e.g. for FAB score: 13.89, 14.55, and 15.4 for the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of greenhouses, and the control group). The results also showed that in the direct exposure group, those with lower levels of cholinesterase activity also had a lower cognitive function. \u0000Conclusion: The findings indicated that there is a potential link between impaired cognitive function and exposure to pesticides in the greenhouse workers.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46246512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7244
M. Dolatabadi, A. Ghorbanian, Saeid Ahmadzadeh
Introduction: Since phthalate esters and their derivatives have the potential to disrupt proper endocrine function, these compounds are considered as one of the most important groups of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The presence of these compounds in various aquatic environments has caused main concerns about human and animal health and causes problems in the environment. Materials and Methods: The treatment process was carried out in a glass reactor containing 200 mL polluted water at room temperature. The Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al-LDH) were successfully synthesized and were applied as adsorbents for the removal of Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) from polluted water. The kinetics and isotherm of the process were investigated to determine the exact mechanism of DEP removal from the water medium. Results: The Mg-Al-LDH was a surface area of 673 (m2 g-1), a total pore of 0.716 (cm3 g-1), and microspore volumes of 0.627 (cm3 g-1), and a pore diameter of 8.64 nm. The maximum DEP removal efficiency of 96.7% was obtained at the DEP concentration of 10 mg L-1, Mg-Al-LDH dosage of 0.50 g L-1, and the reaction time of 30 min. The second-order kinetic model well depicted the kinetics of DEP adsorption (R2 = 0. 99). The Langmuir isotherm model best described the data by predicting the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 95.6 mg g-1 and R2 of 0.99. Conclusion: All the results demonstrate that the Mg-Al-LDH is an efficient, safe, and efficient adsorbent in water and wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Mg-Al–layered Double Hydroxide as Promising Sustainable Nanoadsorbent for Application in Water/Wastewater Treatment Processes; Diethyl Phthalate Removal","authors":"M. Dolatabadi, A. Ghorbanian, Saeid Ahmadzadeh","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7244","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Since phthalate esters and their derivatives have the potential to disrupt proper endocrine function, these compounds are considered as one of the most important groups of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The presence of these compounds in various aquatic environments has caused main concerns about human and animal health and causes problems in the environment. \u0000Materials and Methods: The treatment process was carried out in a glass reactor containing 200 mL polluted water at room temperature. The Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al-LDH) were successfully synthesized and were applied as adsorbents for the removal of Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) from polluted water. The kinetics and isotherm of the process were investigated to determine the exact mechanism of DEP removal from the water medium. \u0000Results: The Mg-Al-LDH was a surface area of 673 (m2 g-1), a total pore of 0.716 (cm3 g-1), and microspore volumes of 0.627 (cm3 g-1), and a pore diameter of 8.64 nm. The maximum DEP removal efficiency of 96.7% was obtained at the DEP concentration of 10 mg L-1, Mg-Al-LDH dosage of 0.50 g L-1, and the reaction time of 30 min. The second-order kinetic model well depicted the kinetics of DEP adsorption (R2 = 0. 99). The Langmuir isotherm model best described the data by predicting the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 95.6 mg g-1 and R2 of 0.99. \u0000Conclusion: All the results demonstrate that the Mg-Al-LDH is an efficient, safe, and efficient adsorbent in water and wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48087506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7245
Maryam Mobininejad, E. K. Sadrabad, S. Hekmatimoghaddam, A. Jebali, A. Fallah, F. Mohajeri
Introduction: The post-harvest damage to fruits is estimated to be about 10-30% of the total products, which reaches up to 30-50% in some perishable fruits. About 25 species of fungi and bacteria including Botrytis spp. and in particular Botrytis cinerea are known to contaminate fruits, vegetables and ornamental greenhouse plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) against B. cinerea. Materials and Methods: The ZEO was extracted through steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The strawberries packages were exposed to ZEO with different concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm) and satarch nanoparticles. The exposed fruits were kept for 24 days at two temperatures of 20°C and 4°C. Results: The ZEO decreased mycelium growth even when only 200 ppm of it was added to each container. The response was dose-dependent, so that the 800 ppm dose of ZEO showed complete inhibitory effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values for ZEO against B. cinerea were 200 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, ZEO preserved the sensory characteristics. Conclusion: The ZEO may be effectively used in packaging of strawberry to increase its shelf life by inhibition of B. cinerea.
{"title":"Zataria Multiflora Essential Oil Loaded with Starch Nanoparticles to Protect Strawberries against Botrytis Cinerea","authors":"Maryam Mobininejad, E. K. Sadrabad, S. Hekmatimoghaddam, A. Jebali, A. Fallah, F. Mohajeri","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7245","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The post-harvest damage to fruits is estimated to be about 10-30% of the total products, which reaches up to 30-50% in some perishable fruits. About 25 species of fungi and bacteria including Botrytis spp. and in particular Botrytis cinerea are known to contaminate fruits, vegetables and ornamental greenhouse plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) against B. cinerea. \u0000Materials and Methods: The ZEO was extracted through steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The strawberries packages were exposed to ZEO with different concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm) and satarch nanoparticles. The exposed fruits were kept for 24 days at two temperatures of 20°C and 4°C. \u0000Results: The ZEO decreased mycelium growth even when only 200 ppm of it was added to each container. The response was dose-dependent, so that the 800 ppm dose of ZEO showed complete inhibitory effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values for ZEO against B. cinerea were 200 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, ZEO preserved the sensory characteristics. \u0000Conclusion: The ZEO may be effectively used in packaging of strawberry to increase its shelf life by inhibition of B. cinerea.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46105439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7243
M. Momayyezi, Parisa Peigan, H. Fallahzadeh
Introduction: Understanding the epidemiological pattern and causes of poisoning is the first step to prevent and reduce complications and mortality due to poisoning in children. Given that no study has been conducted on this subject in Yazd, this study aimed to determine the epidemiology pattern of poisoning in children admitted to the referral teaching hospitals in Yazd and Taft cities during 2014-2019. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 238 children under the age of 15 who have been admitted to Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd and Shahid Beheshti hospital in Taft city during 2014-2019. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square. In all the statistical analyses, a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that the frequency of poisonings was higher in girls (58%), in summer (31.1%), and in urban areas (82.8%). Most cases of poisoning aged less than 15 years (75.1%). The main cause of poisoning in children was drug poisoning (60.5%), followed by cleansing products (10.1%). The most common clinical manifestations included neurological signs (33.6%). During 2014-2019, the frequency of drugs and pesticide poisonings decreased; while poisoning due to drug-opioids and cleansing products increased (P = 0.04). Also, 3 deaths occurred due to poisoning during this period. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of drug and cleansing products poisoning in children under the age of 15 indicates involuntary poisoning in this group. Therefore, proper storage of these substances and more parental care can reduce poisonings in children.
{"title":"Epidemiological Pattern of Poisoning in Children under the Age of 15 Admitted to the Referral Teaching Hospitals of Yazd and Taft Cities (2014-2019)","authors":"M. Momayyezi, Parisa Peigan, H. Fallahzadeh","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7243","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Understanding the epidemiological pattern and causes of poisoning is the first step to prevent and reduce complications and mortality due to poisoning in children. Given that no study has been conducted on this subject in Yazd, this study aimed to determine the epidemiology pattern of poisoning in children admitted to the referral teaching hospitals in Yazd and Taft cities during 2014-2019. \u0000Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 238 children under the age of 15 who have been admitted to Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd and Shahid Beheshti hospital in Taft city during 2014-2019. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square. In all the statistical analyses, a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: The results showed that the frequency of poisonings was higher in girls (58%), in summer (31.1%), and in urban areas (82.8%). Most cases of poisoning aged less than 15 years (75.1%). The main cause of poisoning in children was drug poisoning (60.5%), followed by cleansing products (10.1%). The most common clinical manifestations included neurological signs (33.6%). During 2014-2019, the frequency of drugs and pesticide poisonings decreased; while poisoning due to drug-opioids and cleansing products increased (P = 0.04). Also, 3 deaths occurred due to poisoning during this period. \u0000Conclusion: The higher prevalence of drug and cleansing products poisoning in children under the age of 15 indicates involuntary poisoning in this group. Therefore, proper storage of these substances and more parental care can reduce poisonings in children.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44570872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6537
Sedighe Karimpour Roshan, H. Godini, S. Ansari, Arezoo Charsizadeh, M. Norouzi
Introduction: Fungal aerosols cause life-threatening infections in patients hospitalized in critical wards. Antiseptics and disinfectants have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against the living tissue and inert surfaces microorganisms; hence, they have an essential role in controlling and preventing nosocomial infections. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and sodium hypochlorite (SH) against isolated fungal aerosols from the hospital environment. Materials and Methods: The susceptibility tests were performed on fungal aerosols isolated from various wards of Children’s Medical Center, based on broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 document. The isolates included Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus (n = 14), Aspergillus niger complex (n = 12), Penicillium spp. (n = 14), and Cladosporium spp. (n = 14). Results: The geometric means (GM) of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the biocides across all isolates were as follows: BAC, 3.56 µg/ml, CHX, 9.45 µg/ml, and SH, 810.35 µg/ml. The highest range of MICs was found for SH (50-12800 µg/ml), while the lowest range was for BAC (1-16 µg/ml) against all fungal isolates. Generally, BAC showed the highest in vitro activity among disinfectants tested. The lowest MIC50 and MIC90 values were 4 and 8 µg/ml for BAC, followed by 16 and 32 µg/ml for CHX, and 800 and 6400 µg/ml for SH, respectively. Conclusion: The findings showed that BAC was an effective disinfectant, which can prevent resistant species and fungal pathogens and be used an alternative to other disinfectants and antiseptics.
{"title":"In Vitro Activity of Disinfectants against Mold Fungi Isolated from Different Environments of the Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran","authors":"Sedighe Karimpour Roshan, H. Godini, S. Ansari, Arezoo Charsizadeh, M. Norouzi","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6537","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fungal aerosols cause life-threatening infections in patients hospitalized in critical wards. Antiseptics and disinfectants have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against the living tissue and inert surfaces microorganisms; hence, they have an essential role in controlling and preventing nosocomial infections. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and sodium hypochlorite (SH) against isolated fungal aerosols from the hospital environment. \u0000Materials and Methods: The susceptibility tests were performed on fungal aerosols isolated from various wards of Children’s Medical Center, based on broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 document. The isolates included Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus (n = 14), Aspergillus niger complex (n = 12), Penicillium spp. (n = 14), and Cladosporium spp. (n = 14). \u0000Results: The geometric means (GM) of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the biocides across all isolates were as follows: BAC, 3.56 µg/ml, CHX, 9.45 µg/ml, and SH, 810.35 µg/ml. The highest range of MICs was found for SH (50-12800 µg/ml), while the lowest range was for BAC (1-16 µg/ml) against all fungal isolates. Generally, BAC showed the highest in vitro activity among disinfectants tested. The lowest MIC50 and MIC90 values were 4 and 8 µg/ml for BAC, followed by 16 and 32 µg/ml for CHX, and 800 and 6400 µg/ml for SH, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The findings showed that BAC was an effective disinfectant, which can prevent resistant species and fungal pathogens and be used an alternative to other disinfectants and antiseptics.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44956495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6540
Alireza Kazemian Talkhooncheh, Afarin Akhavan, G. Halvani
Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify all activities to be sufficiently prepared for emergencies in the power plant industries using the method of the Federal Crisis Management Organization in the south Isfahan power plant. Materials and Methods: In this research, a checklist tool of 117 questions in 9 sections based on the FEMA method has been used. Checklists were localized. To check the face and content validity of the checklists, the opinions of three technical experts were used, and to check the reliability of the research subjects, the test-retest test was used, and to measure the reliability of the checklists, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used with an emphasis on internal correlation. The obtained alpha coefficient was 0.76. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the power plant preparedness for general emergencies is 77.5%, winter storms and extreme cold 80%, storm 73.33%, overheating 70%, chemical storage 88.57%, earthquake 65%, Fire and explosion is 87%, flood 63.33%, and lightning 92%. The highest level of preparedness with 92% was related to the lightning checklist and the lowest level of readiness with 63.33% was related to floods. Conclusion: In general, despite the differences in the readiness of the power plant against various accidents, the average level of preparedness for all accidents is higher than average. However, a number of appropriate measures must be taken in each area and the level of preparedness must be increased in cases such as fires and explosions.
{"title":"Assessment of Emergency Response Preparedness in Power Plant Using FEMA Method (Case Study: South Isfahan Power Plant)","authors":"Alireza Kazemian Talkhooncheh, Afarin Akhavan, G. Halvani","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6540","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify all activities to be sufficiently prepared for emergencies in the power plant industries using the method of the Federal Crisis Management Organization in the south Isfahan power plant. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this research, a checklist tool of 117 questions in 9 sections based on the FEMA method has been used. Checklists were localized. To check the face and content validity of the checklists, the opinions of three technical experts were used, and to check the reliability of the research subjects, the test-retest test was used, and to measure the reliability of the checklists, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used with an emphasis on internal correlation. The obtained alpha coefficient was 0.76. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. \u0000Results: The results showed that the power plant preparedness for general emergencies is 77.5%, winter storms and extreme cold 80%, storm 73.33%, overheating 70%, chemical storage 88.57%, earthquake 65%, Fire and explosion is 87%, flood 63.33%, and lightning 92%. The highest level of preparedness with 92% was related to the lightning checklist and the lowest level of readiness with 63.33% was related to floods. \u0000Conclusion: In general, despite the differences in the readiness of the power plant against various accidents, the average level of preparedness for all accidents is higher than average. However, a number of appropriate measures must be taken in each area and the level of preparedness must be increased in cases such as fires and explosions.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42043477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6539
M. Dolatabadi, Roya Malekahmadi, A. Ghorbanian, Saeid Ahmadzadeh
Introduction: Endocrine disruptive compounds as a class of organic contaminants in the aquatic environment received severe attention in the last decades. The release of bisphenol A (BPA) as a hazardous organic chemical into the environment has caused high health and environmental concerns. Therefore, its removal from aquatic environments is strongly recommended. The present study deals with BPA removal efficiency from an aqueous environment using the electrocoagulation process (ECP). Materials and Methods: The effects of parameters including BPA concentration (1-10 mg L-1), current density (3-15 mA cm-2), pH (4-10), and reaction time (5-30 min) on the treatment process were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for optimization of the ECP. The significance of the developed model was investigated by the obtained F-value and P-value. Results: The maximum BPA removal of 98.2% was attained at pH of 8.5, BPA concentration of 3.25 mg L-1, the current density of 12.0 mA cm-2, and reaction time of 23 min. The significance of the developed model was confirmed by the high F-value of 46.69 and the very low P-value of < 0.0001. Furthermore, the electrical energy consumption of the process was found to be 0.308 kWh m-3 in the optimum condition. Conclusion: The obtained experimental results revealed that the co-precipitation and the adsorption process through the electrostatic interactions as the main removal mechanisms controlled the treatment process.
{"title":"Investigation of Electrocoagulation Process for Efficient Removal of Bisphenol A from the Aqueous Environment: Promising Treatment Strategy","authors":"M. Dolatabadi, Roya Malekahmadi, A. Ghorbanian, Saeid Ahmadzadeh","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6539","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endocrine disruptive compounds as a class of organic contaminants in the aquatic environment received severe attention in the last decades. The release of bisphenol A (BPA) as a hazardous organic chemical into the environment has caused high health and environmental concerns. Therefore, its removal from aquatic environments is strongly recommended. The present study deals with BPA removal efficiency from an aqueous environment using the electrocoagulation process (ECP). \u0000Materials and Methods: The effects of parameters including BPA concentration (1-10 mg L-1), current density (3-15 mA cm-2), pH (4-10), and reaction time (5-30 min) on the treatment process were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for optimization of the ECP. The significance of the developed model was investigated by the obtained F-value and P-value. \u0000Results: The maximum BPA removal of 98.2% was attained at pH of 8.5, BPA concentration of 3.25 mg L-1, the current density of 12.0 mA cm-2, and reaction time of 23 min. The significance of the developed model was confirmed by the high F-value of 46.69 and the very low P-value of < 0.0001. Furthermore, the electrical energy consumption of the process was found to be 0.308 kWh m-3 in the optimum condition. \u0000Conclusion: The obtained experimental results revealed that the co-precipitation and the adsorption process through the electrostatic interactions as the main removal mechanisms controlled the treatment process.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42497734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6543
M. Sadeghi, M. Noroozi
Introduction: Contamination of water with heavy metals has turned into a health concern, particularly in the developing countries. In this study, concentration of heavy metals and associated carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risk was investigated in water samples collected from Gonbad-e Kavus, a high-risk area for cancer. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from Gorgan River, Golestan reservoir and wells around villages with high prevalence in 2018. Samples were analysed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After determining the concentration of heavy metals in water samples from different sources, health risk assessment was carried out according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Results: Arsenic in samples 6-9 was higher than 10 µg/L, calcium and magnesium in sample 5 was higher than 200 mg/L and 150 mg/L respectively, and sodium in all samples was higher than 50 mg/L. According to the findings, these concentrations were higher than the maximum allowed limit in most water samples. Hazard quotient (HQ) in samples 8 and 9 were associated with arsenic and health risk in sample 1 was related to antimony. Furthermore, since all samples contained high amounts of lithium, water from this area better should not be consumed by children older than one year. Conclusion: Given the high rate of arsenic contamination, consumption of water in the study area could be health threatening for all individuals and is not recommended for children. This highlights the need for taking immediate actions to review the water treatment process and ensure safety of the drinking water in this area.
{"title":"Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Resources of North East of Iran in 2018","authors":"M. Sadeghi, M. Noroozi","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6543","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Contamination of water with heavy metals has turned into a health concern, particularly in the developing countries. In this study, concentration of heavy metals and associated carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risk was investigated in water samples collected from Gonbad-e Kavus, a high-risk area for cancer. \u0000Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from Gorgan River, Golestan reservoir and wells around villages with high prevalence in 2018. Samples were analysed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After determining the concentration of heavy metals in water samples from different sources, health risk assessment was carried out according to the Environmental Protection Agency. \u0000Results: Arsenic in samples 6-9 was higher than 10 µg/L, calcium and magnesium in sample 5 was higher than 200 mg/L and 150 mg/L respectively, and sodium in all samples was higher than 50 mg/L. According to the findings, these concentrations were higher than the maximum allowed limit in most water samples. Hazard quotient (HQ) in samples 8 and 9 were associated with arsenic and health risk in sample 1 was related to antimony. Furthermore, since all samples contained high amounts of lithium, water from this area better should not be consumed by children older than one year. \u0000Conclusion: Given the high rate of arsenic contamination, consumption of water in the study area could be health threatening for all individuals and is not recommended for children. This highlights the need for taking immediate actions to review the water treatment process and ensure safety of the drinking water in this area.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49157844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6542
Bahman Hasan-Zadeh, R. Rahmanian, M. Salmani, M. Salmani
Introduction: Nanoporous silica has received growing interest for its unique application potential in pollutant removal. Therefore, the development of a simple technique is required to synthesize and functionalize the nanoporous materials for industrial application. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of nanoporous silica was investigated by the template sol-gel method, and it functionalized as an adsorbent for adsorption of malachite green. The morphology and structure of the prepared and functionalized nanoporous silica were studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique. Subsequently, the effective parameters such as solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the adsorption process were optimized by adsorption tests. Results: The results showed that high-order nanoporous silica had been produced with an average diameter of 20.12 nm and average pore volume of 1.04 cm3.g−1. It was found that the optimum parameters of pH, initial concentration and contact time for malachite green adsorption on nanoporous silica were 6.5, 10 mg.l-1, and 60 min, respectively. The experimental data confirmed the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.995) and the obtained kinetic data followed the pseudo-first-order equation. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm was found to be 116.3 mg.g-1. Conclusion: The high adsorption capacity showed that the acid-functionalized nanoporous silica adsorbent can be used as an adequate adsorbent to remove malachite green from aquatic environments. The large surface area can be suggested that the silica nanoporous will have potential application prospects as the adsorbent.
{"title":"Functionalization of Synthesized Nanoporous Silica and Its Application in Malachite Green Removal from Contaminated Water","authors":"Bahman Hasan-Zadeh, R. Rahmanian, M. Salmani, M. Salmani","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v6i2.6542","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nanoporous silica has received growing interest for its unique application potential in pollutant removal. Therefore, the development of a simple technique is required to synthesize and functionalize the nanoporous materials for industrial application. \u0000Materials and Methods: The synthesis of nanoporous silica was investigated by the template sol-gel method, and it functionalized as an adsorbent for adsorption of malachite green. The morphology and structure of the prepared and functionalized nanoporous silica were studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique. Subsequently, the effective parameters such as solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the adsorption process were optimized by adsorption tests. \u0000Results: The results showed that high-order nanoporous silica had been produced with an average diameter of 20.12 nm and average pore volume of 1.04 cm3.g−1. It was found that the optimum parameters of pH, initial concentration and contact time for malachite green adsorption on nanoporous silica were 6.5, 10 mg.l-1, and 60 min, respectively. The experimental data confirmed the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.995) and the obtained kinetic data followed the pseudo-first-order equation. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm was found to be 116.3 mg.g-1. \u0000Conclusion: The high adsorption capacity showed that the acid-functionalized nanoporous silica adsorbent can be used as an adequate adsorbent to remove malachite green from aquatic environments. The large surface area can be suggested that the silica nanoporous will have potential application prospects as the adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47816016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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