Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6646
O. T. Adeoye, O. Pitan, K. Ademolu, A. R. Popoola, B. Bobadoye, Akinkunmi Olukemi Yetunde
Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 is one of the most economically valuable insects which plays significant role in human medicine, nutrition and crop pollination. The morphometric variations of honeybee from different locations of the southern guinea and northern guinea savannah ecological zone of Nigeria were studied. Fifteen morphological traits were measured for variation on six hundred (600) worker honeybee samples purposively collected from ten different locations within the ecological zone. Data collected were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), SNK test (α=0.05) and Pearson correlation between morphometric characters were determined. At the same time a dendrogram of morphological proximity based on the fifteen morphological features was constructed. Results showed that morphometry variation (p<0.05) existed within the honeybee population in the guinea savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria, high morphological similarities were observed in the tibia length of the hind leg and the thorax length. The honeybee samples were classified into two distinct morphoclusters (A and B). Honeybee samples within morphocluster A were closely related in terms of the examined morphometric features and geographic distance (CV=1.65). In contrast, within cluster B, honeybee samples were closely related despite the vast geographical distance (CV=3.30, p<0.05). The body length was significantly positively correlated with the leg size, while hind wing length was positively associated with the proboscis, abdominal, thoracic, body length and hooks. Morphometric variations found in A. mellifera of guinea agro-ecological zone could significantly impact conservation and future bee breeding programmes of Nigeria.
{"title":"Morphological variations in Nigerian Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 populations in Guinea savannah agro-ecological zone","authors":"O. T. Adeoye, O. Pitan, K. Ademolu, A. R. Popoola, B. Bobadoye, Akinkunmi Olukemi Yetunde","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.6646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6646","url":null,"abstract":"Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 is one of the most economically valuable insects which plays significant role in human medicine, nutrition and crop pollination. The morphometric variations of honeybee from different locations of the southern guinea and northern guinea savannah ecological zone of Nigeria were studied. Fifteen morphological traits were measured for variation on six hundred (600) worker honeybee samples purposively collected from ten different locations within the ecological zone. Data collected were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), SNK test (α=0.05) and Pearson correlation between morphometric characters were determined. At the same time a dendrogram of morphological proximity based on the fifteen morphological features was constructed. Results showed that morphometry variation (p<0.05) existed within the honeybee population in the guinea savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria, high morphological similarities were observed in the tibia length of the hind leg and the thorax length. The honeybee samples were classified into two distinct morphoclusters (A and B). Honeybee samples within morphocluster A were closely related in terms of the examined morphometric features and geographic distance (CV=1.65). In contrast, within cluster B, honeybee samples were closely related despite the vast geographical distance (CV=3.30, p<0.05). The body length was significantly positively correlated with the leg size, while hind wing length was positively associated with the proboscis, abdominal, thoracic, body length and hooks. Morphometric variations found in A. mellifera of guinea agro-ecological zone could significantly impact conservation and future bee breeding programmes of Nigeria.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43549091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.4380
C. Ahuchaogu, F. Ojiako
Dry seeds of cowpea, an important food, and cash crop to farmers, are heavily infested by Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) during storage, causing huge economic loss. As a result, farmers spray pesticides on their harvest to control the pest attack with little consideration for the consequences of their actions. Due to health and environmental concerns associated with pesticide applications, farmers, marketers, and end-users are seeking alternative safer routes to handling this infestation problem. Thus, this study investigated the response of mated female C. maculatus to odour cues from different bean types using two-arm and four-arm olfactometers. The volatile organic compounds from the preferred beans (Borno brown and black-eyed beans-cultivars of Vigna unguiculata Walper, 1843 and adzuki bean – Vigna angularis (Willdenow) Ohwi & Ohashi, 1969), were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) techniques and headspace volatile organic compounds were tested in 2-arm olfactometer with the view to identifying possible attractants or deterrents that could be used in effective control of storage pest. The results indicated that (a) the female C. maculatus responded discriminatorily to odour stimuli from the bean types tested, (b) eighteen volatile compounds were present in the bean types tested and (c) the volatile compounds identified varied in abundance profile. These suggest that host location and selection behaviours by female C. maculatus are moulded by the types and concentrations of the volatile compounds present in the beans.
{"title":"Host seed type and volatile compound abundance level mould host location and preference behaviours in Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"C. Ahuchaogu, F. Ojiako","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.4380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4380","url":null,"abstract":"Dry seeds of cowpea, an important food, and cash crop to farmers, are heavily infested by Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) during storage, causing huge economic loss. As a result, farmers spray pesticides on their harvest to control the pest attack with little consideration for the consequences of their actions. Due to health and environmental concerns associated with pesticide applications, farmers, marketers, and end-users are seeking alternative safer routes to handling this infestation problem. Thus, this study investigated the response of mated female C. maculatus to odour cues from different bean types using two-arm and four-arm olfactometers. The volatile organic compounds from the preferred beans (Borno brown and black-eyed beans-cultivars of Vigna unguiculata Walper, 1843 and adzuki bean – Vigna angularis (Willdenow) Ohwi & Ohashi, 1969), were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) techniques and headspace volatile organic compounds were tested in 2-arm olfactometer with the view to identifying possible attractants or deterrents that could be used in effective control of storage pest. The results indicated that (a) the female C. maculatus responded discriminatorily to odour stimuli from the bean types tested, (b) eighteen volatile compounds were present in the bean types tested and (c) the volatile compounds identified varied in abundance profile. These suggest that host location and selection behaviours by female C. maculatus are moulded by the types and concentrations of the volatile compounds present in the beans.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49184317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.5964
Maha Moustafa Ahmed, H. Mady, A. E. El Namaky
The sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) (Diptera: Psychodidae), is the main vector of Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor, 1914, the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis North Africa, the Middle East, and North Sinai. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fungi on P. papatasi larvae, pupae, and adults using light microscopic analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and histopathological studies. Specifically, larvae, pupae, and adult P. papatasi were infected with the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Scanning electron microscope and histopathological methods were used to investigate the destructive impact of the fungi on the external and internal structures of P. papatasi. The results revealed propagation of the conidia on the cuticles of all P. papatasi life stages, including on the compound eyes, leg setae, thorax, wings, and abdomen of the adults. Histological sections of the control and treated larvae, pupae, and adults showed many alterations and malformations in the body and tissues of all life stages after 72 h. These results demonstrated that B. bassiana was more effective than M. anisopliae as a biological control of phlebotomine sand flies. Further studies to determine the best methods for delivery and application in the diverse ecological settings of the various leishmaniasis vectors are recommended.
{"title":"Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on different stages of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae)","authors":"Maha Moustafa Ahmed, H. Mady, A. E. El Namaky","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.5964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5964","url":null,"abstract":"The sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) (Diptera: Psychodidae), is the main vector of Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor, 1914, the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis North Africa, the Middle East, and North Sinai. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fungi on P. papatasi larvae, pupae, and adults using light microscopic analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and histopathological studies. Specifically, larvae, pupae, and adult P. papatasi were infected with the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Scanning electron microscope and histopathological methods were used to investigate the destructive impact of the fungi on the external and internal structures of P. papatasi. The results revealed propagation of the conidia on the cuticles of all P. papatasi life stages, including on the compound eyes, leg setae, thorax, wings, and abdomen of the adults. Histological sections of the control and treated larvae, pupae, and adults showed many alterations and malformations in the body and tissues of all life stages after 72 h. These results demonstrated that B. bassiana was more effective than M. anisopliae as a biological control of phlebotomine sand flies. Further studies to determine the best methods for delivery and application in the diverse ecological settings of the various leishmaniasis vectors are recommended.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44052032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6647
S. Navai
Examination of an old collection of adult biting midges of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 from Afghanistan revealed six species, placed within four subgenera: Forcipomyia (3 species), Microhelea (1 species), Synthridomyia (1 species) and Thyridomyia (1 species). Five species are new records, Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) szadziewskii n. sp. is described as a new member of this genus from this country.
{"title":"Biting midges of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Afghanistan, with description of a new species","authors":"S. Navai","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.6647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6647","url":null,"abstract":"Examination of an old collection of adult biting midges of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 from Afghanistan revealed six species, placed within four subgenera: Forcipomyia (3 species), Microhelea \u0000(1 species), Synthridomyia (1 species) and Thyridomyia (1 species). Five species are new records, Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) szadziewskii n. sp. is described as a new member of this genus from this country.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47439856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.4383
Jatuporn Tungjitwitayakul, Tatun Nujira
Since various kind of receptors in insects are mainly located on their legs. We estimate the influence of ultraviolet-C on the leg morphology and trichoid sensilla of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), zero-day-old pupae were irradiated with UV-C at a distance of 35 cm for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min. Changes in leg morphologies and trichoid sensilla were determined using light and scanning electron microscopes. UV-C radiation caused the abnormalities of an adult’s legs that were classified into three levels; mild, moderate, and strong. Legs of the resulting adults were developed into malformed structures that lacked clear segmental identity. The severity of leg abnormalities was recorded in a dose-dependent manner. UV-C significantly decreased the length and width of the femur, tibia, and tarsus. In the strongly affected level, the femur was reduced in size while the tibia and tarsus were completely deleted, and there was no evidence of claws. Scanning electron microscopy showed the wrinkled cuticle on the leg segment, and the sensilla of the resulting adults appeared less in number. After UV-C radiation, the trichoid sensilla on the femur became longer and wider, but the trichoid sensilla on the tibia were shorter and narrower. Taken together, UV-C irradiation during pupal stage interfered development of legs and brought about specific malformation features.
{"title":"UV-C radiation-induced changes in the legs and trichoid sensilla of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Jatuporn Tungjitwitayakul, Tatun Nujira","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.4383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4383","url":null,"abstract":"Since various kind of receptors in insects are mainly located on their legs. We estimate the influence of ultraviolet-C on the leg morphology and trichoid sensilla of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), zero-day-old pupae were irradiated with UV-C at a distance of 35 cm for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min. Changes in leg morphologies and trichoid sensilla were determined using light and scanning electron microscopes. UV-C radiation caused the abnormalities of an adult’s legs that were classified into three levels; mild, moderate, and strong. Legs of the resulting adults were developed into malformed structures that lacked clear segmental identity. The severity of leg abnormalities was recorded in a dose-dependent manner. UV-C significantly decreased the length and width of the femur, tibia, and tarsus. In the strongly affected level, the femur was reduced in size while the tibia and tarsus were completely deleted, and there was no evidence of claws. Scanning electron microscopy showed the wrinkled cuticle on the leg segment, and the sensilla of the resulting adults appeared less in number. After UV-C radiation, the trichoid sensilla on the femur became longer and wider, but the trichoid sensilla on the tibia were shorter and narrower. Taken together, UV-C irradiation during pupal stage interfered development of legs and brought about specific malformation features.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.3169
M. E. Aalaoui, M. Bouhssini, Bouharroud Rachid, Sbaghi Mohamed
Recently Dactylopius opuntiae Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) has caused enormous damage in several production areas of cactus in Morocco. The spread of infestation by this scale pest is fast and unpredictable, and consequently, the destruction of large areas planted with cactus in several regions of the Kingdom. In aim to discover natural enemies that have the capacity and potential to be used as mealybug predators, a team of researchers have conducted surveys in cactus production areas. In January 2020 two unidentified Coleoptera species were observed associated to D. opuntiae in an infested cactus crop in El-Gharbia locality. The observed species were identified as Orsodacne altra (Ahrens, 1810) and Cyrtosus cyanipennis (Erichson, 1840). The current study represents the first register of these two genera associated to cactus mealybug in Morocco.
{"title":"First record of Orsodacne altra (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae) and Cyrtosus cyanipennis (Coleoptera: Malachiidae) associated to Dactylopius opuntiae (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) in Morocco","authors":"M. E. Aalaoui, M. Bouhssini, Bouharroud Rachid, Sbaghi Mohamed","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.3169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.3169","url":null,"abstract":"Recently Dactylopius opuntiae Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) has caused enormous damage in several production areas of cactus in Morocco. The spread of infestation by this scale pest is fast and unpredictable, and consequently, the destruction of large areas planted with cactus in several regions of the Kingdom. In aim to discover natural enemies that have the capacity and potential to be used as mealybug predators, a team of researchers have conducted surveys in cactus production areas. In January 2020 two unidentified Coleoptera species were observed associated to \u0000D. opuntiae in an infested cactus crop in El-Gharbia locality. The observed species were identified as Orsodacne altra (Ahrens, 1810) and Cyrtosus cyanipennis (Erichson, 1840). The current study represents the first register of these two genera associated to cactus mealybug in Morocco.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45859792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.2381
H. Mahmoud, S. El-Rahman, M. Naroz, Sayeda S. Ahmed
{"title":"Effect of sowing dates on the populations of three major insect pests and associated natural enemies throughout the growth stages of maize plants","authors":"H. Mahmoud, S. El-Rahman, M. Naroz, Sayeda S. Ahmed","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.2381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46771116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9174
S. Metwally, M. Abd-Elaziz, Samir I. El Sherif, Sayeda S. Ahmed
This study was aimed to evaluate the toxicological and biological effects of three nanoparticles (silver, hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica) at four concentrations (100, 200, 400 and 800 ppm) against 1 instar larvae of Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 and its effects on some maize characters. Each concentration and control was repeated 4 times (10 larvae/replicate). Larvae were fed on treated stem maize and mortality rate was recorded. After treatment with LC50 values, the survival larvae were collected and the larval duration, pupal duration, pupal weight, pupation percentage and adult longevity were recorded. Seedling maize plants were sprayed with three concentrations (50, 100 and 200 ppm) at 4 categories (every 1, 3, 7 and 14 days) to detect the effect of nanoparticles on leaf area, extended height and leaf chlorophyll content. Results showed that hydrophilic silica nanoparticle was the most effective, followed by silver nanoparticle then hydrophobic silica nanoparticle with LC50 121.19, 405.71 and 416.82 ppm, respectively. All nanoparticles led to increase in larval durations, reduction of egg number per female and decrease of eggs hatchability rate. All nanoparticles caused positive effect on leaf area, extended height and chlorophyll content. These nanoparticles may be recommended to control S. cretica with positive effects on plant characters.
{"title":"Effect of silver and silica nanoparticles on the larvae of pink stem borer Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) \u0000and maize plants Zea mays Linneaus, 1753","authors":"S. Metwally, M. Abd-Elaziz, Samir I. El Sherif, Sayeda S. Ahmed","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.9174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9174","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to evaluate the toxicological and biological effects of three nanoparticles (silver, hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica) at four concentrations (100, 200, 400 and 800 ppm) against 1 instar larvae of Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 and its effects on some maize characters. Each concentration and control was repeated 4 times (10 larvae/replicate). Larvae were fed on treated stem maize and mortality rate was recorded. After treatment with LC50 values, the survival larvae were collected and the larval duration, pupal duration, pupal weight, pupation percentage and adult longevity were recorded. Seedling maize plants were sprayed with three concentrations (50, 100 and 200 ppm) at 4 categories (every 1, 3, 7 and 14 days) to detect the effect of nanoparticles on leaf area, extended height and leaf chlorophyll content. Results showed that hydrophilic silica nanoparticle was the most effective, followed by silver nanoparticle then hydrophobic silica nanoparticle with LC50 121.19, 405.71 and 416.82 ppm, respectively. All nanoparticles led to increase in larval durations, reduction of egg number per female and decrease of eggs hatchability rate. All nanoparticles caused positive effect on leaf area, extended height and chlorophyll content. These nanoparticles may be recommended to control S. cretica with positive effects on plant characters.","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44450497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9057
M. El-Genaidy, M. Hindy, N. Soliman
Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) is a destructive polyphagous pest threatening the horticultural production in Egypt. Licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linnaeus, 1753) is a plant growing in Egypt and many other countries and famous for saponins groups that have insecticidal effect against broad spectrum of insect pests. In the present study, the insecticidal effect of licorice roots aqueous extract (LRAE), petroleum oil, KZ light mineral oil 96% (EC), water and an emulsion (1/4 L LRAE + ¼ L petroleum oil + ½ L KZ light oil 96% (EC)) treatments in a ratio 1 L: 29 L water were used in Matabi® sprayer of 30 L capacity against B. zonata pupae in sandy and clay soils. In sandy and clay soils LRAE reduced B. zonata population by 74.44% and 87.55% while petroleum oil, KZ light mineral oil 96% (EC) prevented flies emergence (100% reduction). Water treatment suppressed B. zonata population by 78.61% in sandy soil but caused 100% population reduction in clay soil. The emulsion reduced B. zonata population by 96.94% in sandy soil and 100% in clay soil. The best method for application of the emulsion was to spray as one target spray technique for eight seconds that was sufficient to obtain suitable coverage on soil with spray speed 1.2 km / hour. The persistence of the emulsion that highly reduced B. zonata larval populations was 3.5 and 4.5 days in sandy and clay soils, respectively. The flies emerged from B. zonata pupae treated with the emulsion neither feed nor move naturally. The histological studies showed that these flies suffered changes in the eyes, labellum, muscles and midgut tissues that were different from the emerged control treatment flies.
桃果蝇Bactrocera zonata（Saunders，1841）是一种破坏性的多食性害虫，威胁着埃及的园艺生产。甘草，Glycyrrhiza glabra（林奈，1753）是一种生长在埃及和许多其他国家的植物，以对广泛害虫具有杀虫作用的皂苷组而闻名。在本研究中，在Matabi®喷雾器中，使用了甘草根水提取物（LRAE）、石油、KZ轻质矿物油96%（EC）、水和乳液（1/4 L LRAE+¼L石油+½L KZ轻质油96%（欧共体））以1L:29L水的比例处理，在30 L容量的喷雾器中对沙质和粘土土壤中的带状带绦虫蛹具有杀虫效果。在沙质和粘土土壤中，LRAE使地带性B.zonata种群减少了74.44%和87.55%，而石油、KZ轻质矿物油（EC）则阻止了苍蝇的出现（减少了100%）。在沙质土壤中，水处理可使带状B.zonata种群数量减少78.61%，但在粘土土壤中可使种群数量减少100%。该乳液使沙质土壤和粘土土壤中的带状B.zonata种群分别减少了96.94%和100%。施用乳液的最佳方法是作为一种目标喷雾技术喷雾8秒，这足以以1.2公里/小时的喷雾速度在土壤上获得合适的覆盖率。在沙质土壤和粘土土壤中，乳液的持久性分别为3.5天和4.5天。这些苍蝇是从用乳液处理过的透明带B.zonata蛹中出现的，既不进食也不自然移动。组织学研究表明，这些苍蝇的眼睛、眼膜、肌肉和中肠组织发生了与出现的对照处理苍蝇不同的变化。
{"title":"Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linnaeus, 1753)) roots aqueous extract \u0000and some additives against Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) (Diptera: Tephritidae)","authors":"M. El-Genaidy, M. Hindy, N. Soliman","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.9057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9057","url":null,"abstract":"Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) is a destructive polyphagous pest threatening the horticultural production in Egypt. Licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linnaeus, 1753) is a plant growing in Egypt and many other countries and famous for saponins groups that have insecticidal effect against broad spectrum of insect pests. In the present study, the insecticidal effect of licorice roots aqueous extract (LRAE), petroleum oil, KZ light mineral oil 96% (EC), water and an emulsion (1/4 L LRAE + ¼ L petroleum oil + ½ L KZ light oil 96% (EC)) treatments in a ratio 1 L: 29 L water were used in Matabi® sprayer of 30 L capacity against B. zonata pupae in sandy and clay soils. In sandy and clay soils LRAE reduced B. zonata population by 74.44% and 87.55% while petroleum oil, KZ light mineral oil 96% (EC) prevented flies emergence (100% reduction). Water treatment suppressed B. zonata population by 78.61% in sandy soil but caused 100% population reduction in clay soil. The emulsion reduced B. zonata population by 96.94% in sandy soil and 100% in clay soil. The best method for application of the emulsion was to spray as one target spray technique for eight seconds that was sufficient to obtain suitable coverage on soil with spray speed 1.2 km / hour. The persistence of the emulsion that highly reduced B. zonata larval populations was 3.5 and 4.5 days in sandy and clay soils, respectively. The flies emerged from B. zonata pupae treated with the emulsion neither feed nor move naturally. The histological studies showed that these flies suffered changes in the eyes, labellum, muscles and midgut tissues that were different from the emerged control treatment flies.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41269180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9056
Resti Rahayu, I. P. Sari, Hafni Aurida, Solfiyeni Solfiyeni, R. Jannatan, Mairawita Mairawita
Gel baits product sold commercially to the public has long been used to control German cockroach populations in urban areas. The effectiveness and resistance level of gel bait products need to be known for the successful control of German cockroaches in the field. However, there have been no reports of resistance in Indonesia. This study used toxicity tests of six gel bait products (MF, CBG, SPB, OTG, BTX, and UBA) against two populations of adult male German cockroaches (VCRU-WHO and RKMN-BKT). Fipronil, boric acid and emamectin benzoate containing gel baits were effective to knock down and kill the German cockroaches. In contrast, gel bait with imidacloprid as an active ingredient was only useful to knock down the German cockroaches. Commercial gel bait product in Indonesia are still useful in controlling German cockroaches’ populations with a time of effectiveness to cause mortality between three to four weeks after being exposed in the field and the level of cockroach resistance to gel bait are susceptible until low resistance.
{"title":"The effectiveness of commercial gel baits against German cockroach Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767) in Indonesia","authors":"Resti Rahayu, I. P. Sari, Hafni Aurida, Solfiyeni Solfiyeni, R. Jannatan, Mairawita Mairawita","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.9056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9056","url":null,"abstract":"Gel baits product sold commercially to the public has long been used to control German cockroach populations in urban areas. The effectiveness and resistance level of gel bait products need to be known for the successful control of German cockroaches in the field. However, there have been no reports of resistance in Indonesia. This study used toxicity tests of six gel bait products (MF, CBG, SPB, OTG, BTX, and UBA) against two populations of adult male German cockroaches (VCRU-WHO and RKMN-BKT). Fipronil, boric acid and emamectin benzoate containing gel baits were effective to knock down and kill the German cockroaches. In contrast, gel bait with imidacloprid as an active ingredient was only useful to knock down the German cockroaches. Commercial gel bait product in Indonesia are still useful in controlling German cockroaches’ populations with a time of effectiveness to cause mortality between three to four weeks after being exposed in the field and the level of cockroach resistance to gel bait are susceptible until low resistance.","PeriodicalId":53438,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48463481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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