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Organization of school-aged child nutrition as a current hygienic problem 组织将学龄儿童营养作为当前的卫生问题
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-27-35
I. Novikova, F. Kozyreva, N. Bokareva, I. Shevkun
Objective. To study the organization of school-age child nutrition as a current hygienic problem in the development of alimentarydependent pathology. Materials and methods. Hygienic, questionnaire/interview, and statistical research methods were used in this study, which was conducted in 66 regions of the Russian Federation and enrolled the heads of general education institutions (n = 3278), food service administrators (n = 712), students at general education institutions and their parents (n = 113,078). Results. The following main risk factors were identified: low coverage of hot meals among students in grades 10–11 (59.7%), insufficient content of food and dishes enriched with vitamins and micronutrients (48.8% compared to 79.2% when using outsourcing services), leading positions in the menu of dishes and products not corresponding to the principles of a healthy diet (pastries and confectionery products). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high among children in grades 1–4 (34.6%) and, in some regions, in older age groups as well. Conclusion. Scientific analysis confirmed a high importance of monitoring the school-age child nutrition in identifying risk factors for alimentary-dependent diseases, which is the basis for the development of preventive measures. Key words: school-age children, healthy diet, alimentary-dependent pathology, nutrition monitoring, obesity, organized child nutrition
目标。研究学龄期儿童营养组织作为当前营养依赖病理发展中的卫生问题。材料和方法。本研究采用卫生学、问卷/访谈和统计研究方法,在俄罗斯联邦66个地区开展,包括普通教育机构负责人(n = 3278)、食品服务管理人员(n = 712)、普通教育机构学生及其家长(n = 113078)。结果。确定了以下主要风险因素:10-11年级学生热餐覆盖率低(59.7%),富含维生素和微量营养素的食物和菜肴含量不足(48.8%,而使用外包服务时为79.2%),在不符合健康饮食原则的菜肴和产品菜单中处于领先地位(糕点和糖果产品)。超重和肥胖在1-4年级儿童中的患病率很高(34.6%),在一些地区,在年龄较大的年龄组中也是如此。结论。科学分析证实,监测学龄儿童的营养状况对于确定食源性疾病的危险因素非常重要,这是制定预防措施的基础。关键词:学龄儿童,健康饮食,营养依赖病理,营养监测,肥胖,有组织儿童营养
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引用次数: 0
Identification of candidate biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease using non-targeted serum metabolomics 使用非靶向血清代谢组学鉴定炎症性肠病的候选生物标志物
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-21-32
T. Vakhitov, S. Kononova, E. Demyanova, A. S. Morugina, V. A. Utsal, M. I. Skalinskaya, I. Bakulin, A. Khavkin, Stanislav Sitkin
Objective. To identify candidate biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using non-targeted serum metabolomics in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients and methods. This pilot study included 9 male patients with active UC and 11 healthy male controls. Serum metabolomic analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Compounds were identified using the NIST08 mass spectral library. Classification of samples and search for candidate biomarkers were performed using a support vector machine (SVM), projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and a naive Bayes classifier (Naïve Bayes). When choosing a classifier, we were guided by the areas under the ROC curve. Results. Metabolomic analysis revealed 85 compounds, of which 79 were annotated. The normalized serum levels of 14 metabolites (2-hydroxybutyric acid, caprylic acid, erythronic acid, creatinine, β-glycerophosphate, α-glycerophosphate, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid, pentadecanoic acid, trans-palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, palmitoleic acid, squalene, α-tocopherol) differed significantly between the groups. Serum levels of all these compounds (except α-tocopherol) were elevated in UC patients compared to healthy controls, which was accompanied by an increase in the concentration scatter. The largest area under the ROC curve corresponded to the Naïve Bayes classifier (AUC = 0.931; excellent model quality). Conclusion. The study identified 14 metabolites that can be used as candidate biomarkers for IBD after proper verification, both for diagnosis and for assessment of the efficacy of therapy. The identification of disease-associated metabolites will facilitate the development of novel biotherapeutics. Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, metabolome, biomarkers, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
目标。在溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者中使用非靶向血清代谢组学鉴定炎症性肠病(IBD)的候选生物标志物。患者和方法。这项初步研究包括9名男性活动性UC患者和11名健康男性对照。血清代谢组学分析采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)。化合物通过NIST08质谱库进行鉴定。使用支持向量机(SVM)、潜在结构判别分析(PLS-DA)和朴素贝叶斯分类器(Naïve Bayes)对样本进行分类和候选生物标志物的搜索。在选择分类器时,我们以ROC曲线下的面积为指导。结果。代谢组学分析发现85个化合物,其中79个被注释。14种代谢物(2-羟基丁酸、辛酸、赤藓酸、肌酐、β-甘油磷酸、α-甘油磷酸、2-酮- d -葡萄糖酸、戊酸、反式棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、人造黄油酸、棕榈油酸、角鲨烯、α-生育酚)的标准化血清水平在两组间差异显著。与健康对照组相比,UC患者血清中所有这些化合物(α-生育酚除外)的水平均升高,并伴有浓度散点的增加。ROC曲线下面积最大的是Naïve贝叶斯分类器(AUC = 0.931;优秀的模型质量)。结论。该研究确定了14种代谢物,经过适当的验证,可作为IBD的候选生物标志物,用于诊断和评估治疗效果。疾病相关代谢物的鉴定将促进新型生物疗法的发展。关键词:炎症性肠病,溃疡性结肠炎,代谢组,生物标志物,气相色谱-质谱法
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引用次数: 1
Dysphagia: diagnosis, modern methods of diet therapy 吞咽困难:诊断,现代饮食治疗方法
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-51-62
A. Zavyalova, V. Novikova, M.V. Gavshchyuk, Yu. V. Kuznetsova
Dysphagia is a secondary symptom representing any disruption in the swallowing process. There are two main types of dysphagia: oropharyngeal and esophageal. Oropharyngeal dysphagia accounts for about 80–85% of all swallowing problems. In patients with mild to moderate dysphagia, oral feeding with thickening agents is available. This review provides options for testing various thickeners used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as for food modification. A stepwise choice of food texture for patients of different ages depending on the severity of dysphagia is presented. Key words: dysphagia, diet therapy, thickeners, food texture
吞咽困难是吞咽过程中断的次要症状。吞咽困难主要有两种类型:口咽部和食道。口咽吞咽困难约占所有吞咽问题的80-85%。对于轻度至中度吞咽困难的患者,可以口服增稠剂。本综述提供了用于诊断和治疗目的以及食品改性的各种增稠剂的测试选择。根据吞咽困难的严重程度,为不同年龄的患者逐步选择食物质地。关键词:吞咽困难,饮食疗法,增稠剂,食物质地
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the effectiveness of diet therapy with protein modification in elderly patients with obesity 老年肥胖患者蛋白质修饰饮食疗法的疗效评价
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-5-10
Y. Chekhonina, K. M. Gapparova, I. Vorozhko, A. A. Sokolnikov
Patients and methods. This study included 43 elderly patients with class I-III obesity, who were randomized into two groups: the study group (24 patients) and the comparison group (19 patients). Anthropometric and serum parameters were assessed in all patients before and after diet therapy: total protein, transaminases, triglycerides, cholesterol fractions, glucose, uric acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, vitamins A, B2, B6, B9, B12, E, C and 25(OH)D3. Patients in the study group received a modified version of the standard diet with calorie restriction up to 1700 kcal and with protein modification by including 36 g of a specialized product for 14 days. Patients in the comparison group received a variation of the standard diet with calorie restriction up to 1730 kcal. Results. In patients in the study group, there were positive dynamics of biochemical parameters (a significant decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, an increase in serum concentrations of 25(OH) D3, vitamin E and B12, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc) and body composition parameters (a significant reduction of fat mass, total fluid, a slight increase in muscle mass) against the background of diet therapy with the inclusion of a specialized food product. Conclusion. Thus, timely diagnosis and correction of eating disorders in the elderly is an important part of the prevention and rehabilitation of alimentary-dependent diseases. Key words: obesity, diet therapy, elderly
患者和方法。本研究纳入43例老年I-III型肥胖患者,随机分为研究组(24例)和对照组(19例)两组。对所有患者在饮食治疗前后的人体测量和血清参数进行评估:总蛋白、转氨酶、甘油三酯、胆固醇分数、葡萄糖、尿酸、钾、钙、镁、铁、维生素A、B2、B6、B9、B12、E、C和25(OH)D3。研究组的患者接受了标准饮食的修改版本,热量限制在1700千卡以内,并通过在14天内食用36克专门产品来改变蛋白质。对照组的患者接受了标准饮食的变化,热量限制为1730千卡。在研究组的患者中,在包含特殊食品的饮食疗法的背景下,生化参数(总胆固醇、葡萄糖、尿酸水平显著降低,血清25(OH) D3、维生素E和B12、钾、钙、镁和锌浓度升高)和身体成分参数(脂肪量、总液体量显著减少,肌肉量略有增加)呈积极动态变化。结论。因此,及时诊断和纠正老年人饮食失调是预防和康复消化道依赖性疾病的重要组成部分。关键词:肥胖,饮食疗法,老年人
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of low-protein diet in children with secondary hyperammonemia of different etiologies 低蛋白饮食治疗不同病因继发性高氨血症的疗效观察
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-12-19
A. Kolchina, O. Khaletskaya, V. N. Borisova
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of a low-protein diet (LPD) in patients with secondary hyperammonemia (HA) during the period of clinical manifestation depending on its etiology and the level of ammonia, and to substantiate management tactics. Patients and methods. This study included 29 patients with secondary HA. Patients were divided into two age groups depending on the onset of HA: the neonatal group (group 1; n = 15) and the infant and toddler group (group 2; n = 14). Depending on the causes of HA, two subgroups were identified: patients with HA associated with inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) and patients with HA not associated with IMD. Results. In group 1, 5 patients with mild transient HA (THA) (116.4 [106.9–136.9] μmol/L) did not receive LPD, and HA resolved within a week. Of the remaining 10 patients, five had a positive response to LPD (patients with IMD and THA). HA was severe (1588.5 [1315.0–1862.0] μmol/L), and the normalization of parameters was noted by day 14 [9–19]. Another 5 patients had a wave-like character of HA against the background of LPD (p = 0.350). In group 2, 10 patients with mild HA (87.45 [75.25–107.6] μmol/L) were not treated with LPD, all of them belonged to subgroup 2, and the normalization of parameters was observed on day 4. Another 4 patients with moderate HA (219.15 [188.85–245.6] μmol/L) received LPD, HA had a wave-like character (patients with IMD and HA not associated with IMD). Conclusion. The study showed that the course of HA against the background of LPD varies depending on patient age, disease severity and etiology. Key words: hyperammonemia, newborns, metabolic crisis, inherited metabolic diseases, low-protein diet, valproic acid
目标。评价低蛋白饮食(LPD)在继发性高氨血症(HA)患者临床表现期不同病因及氨水平的治疗效果,并提出相应的治疗策略。患者和方法。本研究纳入29例继发性HA患者。根据HA的发病情况将患者分为两个年龄组:新生儿组(第1组;N = 15)和婴幼儿组(第2组;N = 14)。根据HA的病因,确定了两个亚组:与遗传代谢疾病(IMD)相关的HA患者和与IMD无关的HA患者。结果。1组5例轻度短暂性HA (116.4 [106.9-136.9] μmol/L)患者未接受LPD治疗,HA在1周内消退。在其余10例患者中,5例对LPD有积极反应(伴有IMD和THA的患者)。HA严重(1588.5 [1315.0-1862.0]μmol/L),第14天各项指标归一化[9-19]。另外5例患者在LPD背景下HA呈波浪形(p = 0.350)。2组10例轻度HA患者(87.45 [75.25-107.6]μmol/L)未给予LPD治疗,均属于2亚组,第4天观察各项指标归一化情况。另有4例中度HA (219.15 [188.85 ~ 245.6] μmol/L)患者接受LPD治疗,HA呈波状(伴有IMD且HA与IMD无关)。结论。研究表明,在LPD背景下HA的病程因患者年龄、疾病严重程度和病因而异。关键词:高氨血症,新生儿,代谢危像,遗传性代谢性疾病,低蛋白饮食,丙戊酸
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引用次数: 0
Immunometabolism: new perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases 免疫代谢:免疫介导疾病治疗的新视角
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-52-57
O. Netrebenko, P. Shumilov
A close connection between the immune system and metabolism has been identified in many experimental and clinical studies. The cells of the immune system have the highest energy requirements due to active proliferation, while they have no depot of energy storage and plastics and depend on their ingestion from outside. The phenotype and functional activity of immune cells directly depend on the type of their energy supply. Overnutrition or malnutrition, deficiency of certain micronutrients, and intestinal metabolic activity significantly affect immune cell function. Modulation of basic metabolic and signaling pathways has a considerable impact on the proliferation, differentiation, and functional activity of T cells. Metabolic targeted therapy for immune cells is a promising type of treatment for immune-mediated and cancer diseases. Key words: immunometabolism, metabolism, T cells, inflammation, cancer, treatment
免疫系统和新陈代谢之间的密切联系已经在许多实验和临床研究中被确定。免疫系统的细胞由于活跃的增殖,对能量的需求是最高的,而它们没有储存能量的仓库和塑料,依赖于从外部摄取。免疫细胞的表型和功能活性直接取决于其能量供应的类型。营养过剩或营养不良、某些微量营养素缺乏和肠道代谢活动显著影响免疫细胞功能。基本代谢和信号通路的调节对T细胞的增殖、分化和功能活性有相当大的影响。免疫细胞代谢靶向治疗是一种很有前途的治疗免疫介导性疾病和癌症的方法。关键词:免疫代谢,代谢,T细胞,炎症,癌症,治疗
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引用次数: 0
Anthropometric parameters and nutritional status in children with severe atopic dermatitis and food allergy 严重特应性皮炎和食物过敏儿童的人体测量参数和营养状况
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-16-26
S. Makarova, E. E. Emelyashenkov, A. Fisenko, N. Murashkin, M. Vershinina, E. Semikina, D. S. Yasakov, M. Snovskaya, O. Ereshko, A. Galimova
Objective. To assess the nutritional status and factors affecting it in children with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA). Patients and methods. This single-center, observational, cross-sectional, uncontrolled, retrospective study enrolled 315 children aged between 1 month and 17 years 11 months with severe AD and FA. Standard anthropometric parameters were measured and calculated, including WAZ (weight-for-age Z-score), HAZ (height-for-age Z-score), and BAZ (BMI-for-age Z-score). Patients’ medical histories were examined, and the levels of total IgE and specific IgE to food allergens, hemoglobin, ferritin, iron, and vitamin D were evaluated. Results. On average, anthr opometric parameters in the examined patients were below the reference values. Failure to thrive of mild degree was detected in 27.6% of children, moderate degree in 13.7%, and severe degree in 2,2%. The frequency of overweight and obesity was 9.5% and 3.8%, respectively. A correlation was found between HAZ and children’s age (r = 0.21, p = 0.015) and the number of excluded food groups (r = -1.66, p = 0.031), and between BAZ and the number of excluded food groups (r = -1.39, p = 0.019). HAZ (p = 0.014) and BAZ (p = 0.017) values were lower in children following a dairy-free diet than in children on other types of elimination diets. At the same time, BAZ was higher in children who did not strictly follow the diet than in those who did (p = 0.011). There was a correlation between BAZ and vitamin D levels (r = 0.29, p = 0.012). Formulas based on extensive hydrolyzed protein and free aminoacides reduced severity and frequency of failure to thrive in management children with CMPA. Conclusion. Children with severe AD and FA require careful planning of their diets to reduce the risk of failure to thrive. It is necessary to study the influence of dietary composition and eating behavior of patients on their nutritional status. Key words: children, atopic dermatitis, nutritional status, elimination diet, food allergy, physical development, vitamin D
目标。探讨严重特应性皮炎(AD)和食物过敏(FA)患儿的营养状况及其影响因素。患者和方法。这项单中心、观察性、横断面、非对照、回顾性研究招募了315名患有严重AD和FA的儿童,年龄在1个月至17岁11个月之间。测量和计算标准人体测量参数,包括WAZ(体重年龄z分数)、HAZ(身高年龄z分数)和BAZ (bmi年龄z分数)。检查患者的病史,评估总IgE和对食物过敏原、血红蛋白、铁蛋白、铁和维生素D的特异性IgE水平。结果。平均而言,检查患者的验光参数低于参考值。轻度发育不良患儿占27.6%,中度发育不良患儿占13.7%,重度发育不良患儿占2.2%。超重和肥胖的频率分别为9.5%和3.8%。HAZ与儿童年龄(r = 0.21, p = 0.015)、被排除食物组数(r = -1.66, p = 0.031)、BAZ与被排除食物组数(r = -1.39, p = 0.019)呈正相关。无乳制品饮食的儿童HAZ (p = 0.014)和BAZ (p = 0.017)值低于其他类型消除饮食的儿童。与此同时,未严格遵循饮食的儿童的BAZ高于严格遵循饮食的儿童(p = 0.011)。BAZ与维生素D水平存在相关性(r = 0.29, p = 0.012)。基于广泛水解蛋白和游离氨基酸的配方降低了CMPA患儿生长失败的严重程度和频率。结论。患有严重AD和FA的儿童需要仔细规划他们的饮食,以减少无法茁壮成长的风险。因此,有必要研究患者饮食组成和饮食行为对其营养状况的影响。关键词:儿童,特应性皮炎,营养状况,消除饮食,食物过敏,身体发育,维生素D
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal variations in serum vitamin D levels in children and adults with various diseases 患有各种疾病的儿童和成人血清维生素D水平的季节变化
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-29-37
N. D. Odinaeva, E. Kondratyeva, E. Loshkova, I. Osmanov, A. Khavkin, I. Zakharova, Yu. F. Shubina, E. Pasnova, Yu.B. Ponomarenko
Objective. To assess serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with various diseases living in Moscow and the Moscow region, considering the season of the year and age. Patients and methods. A cross-sectional uncontrolled diagnostic trial was performed. It included 10.707 people: 8,441 (78.8%) women and 2,266 (21.2%) men; children accounted for 15% (1,501 children) and adults – for 85% (9,206 people); the mean age of adults was 49.86 ± 21.92 years and that of children – 13.45 ± 11.76 years. Results. The maximum prevalence of severe 25(OH)D deficiency was revealed among patients with neoplasms (48.9%); patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue had severe 25(OH)D deficiency in 16.9% of cases, with urogenital diseases – in 19.6% of cases, with digestive diseases – in 19.0% of cases, with perinatal diseases – in 15.7% of cases, with diseases of blood and hematopoietic organs – in 22.3% of cases, which proved to be 2-3 times more frequent compared to individuals with diseases of other classes. Individuals who underwent preventive examination had the lowest prevalence (1.4%) of severe 25(OH)D deficiency. In case of diseases with chronic progressive autoimmune inflammation (type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA)), neoplasms, as well as in complications of diseases of various pathogenesis, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), vitamin D deficiency was observed throughout the year, which did not correspond to increasing daylight hours. Children with perinatal diseases and born preterm had low levels and severe deficiency of 25(OH)D, which occurred immediately after birth. Conclusion. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 82.9%; the lowest serum 25(OH)D levels were recorded in winter and spring. Severe year-round serum 25(OH)D deficiency was revealed in patients with autoimmune diseases and chronic kidney disease. Key words: adults, vitamin D, inflammation, 25(OH)D, children, deficiency, seasons of the year
目标。考虑季节和年龄,评估莫斯科和莫斯科地区不同疾病患者血清25(OH)D水平。患者和方法。进行了横断面无控制诊断试验。共有10707人,其中女性8441人(78.8%),男性2266人(21.2%);儿童占15%(1501名儿童),成人占85%(9206人);成人平均年龄49.86±21.92岁,儿童平均年龄- 13.45±11.76岁。结果。肿瘤患者中25(OH)D严重缺乏症的发生率最高(48.9%);患有肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病的患者中有16.9%患有严重的25(OH)D缺乏症,患有泌尿生殖系统疾病的患者中有19.6%患有消化系统疾病的患者中有19.0%患有围产期疾病的患者中有15.7%患有血液和造血器官疾病的患者中有22.3%患有严重的25(OH)D缺乏症,这比患有其他类型疾病的患者的发病率高2-3倍。接受预防性检查的个体严重25(OH)D缺乏症的患病率最低(1.4%)。对于慢性进行性自身免疫性炎症(1型糖尿病(DM)、类风湿性关节炎(RA))、肿瘤以及各种发病机制疾病的并发症,如慢性肾病(CKD),全年都观察到维生素D缺乏症,这与白昼时间的增加无关。患有围产期疾病和早产的儿童在出生后立即出现25(OH)D水平低和严重缺乏。结论。维生素D缺乏症患病率为82.9%;血清25(OH)D水平在冬季和春季最低。严重的全年血清25(OH)D缺乏症在自身免疫性疾病和慢性肾脏疾病患者中被发现。关键词:成人,维生素D,炎症,25(OH)D,儿童,缺乏,季节
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引用次数: 1
Esophageal motility disorder and high CD206 expression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease 胃食管反流病患者食管运动障碍与CD206高表达
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-38-44
A. Paraskevova, A. Trukhmanov, O. Storonova, A. B. Ponomarev, V. Ivashkin
Objective. To study the immune response and esophageal motility in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) complicated by intestinal-type cylindrical cell metaplasia (CCM), and Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients: 10 patients with NERD, 10 patients with GERD complicated by intestinaltype CCM, and 10 patients with BE. All patients underwent high-resolution esophageal manometry. The expression levels of surface receptors CD25, CD80 (Th1-type immune response) and CD163, CD206 (Th2-type immune response) were analyzed. Results. The analysis revealed high CD206 expression in patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM compared to BE (р = 0.011, р = 0.075, respectively). In patients with NERD, median distal contractile integral (DCI) was 920 [178; 2033] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, it was 1046 [223; 3759] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with BE – 276 [1; 1870] mmHg⋅s⋅cm. Patients with BE had ineffective esophageal motility more often than patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM (р = 0.06, р = 0.052, respectively). Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 22.5 [8; 40] mmHg in patients with NERD, 18.0 [7.0; 36.0] mmHg in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, and 14.5 [1.0; 30.0] mmHg in patients with BE. The positive correlation between high CD206 expression and DCI (r = 0.317, р = 0.077) was determined. Conclusion. The role of esophageal motility disorder and immune response in patients with GERD should be further studied to assess their impact on the course of the disease. Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, immune response, high-resolution esophageal manometry, metaplasia
目标。研究非糜烂性反流病(NERD)、胃食管反流病(GERD)合并肠型柱状细胞化生(CCM)和Barrett食管(BE)患者的免疫反应和食管运动。患者和方法。本研究纳入30例患者:10例NERD患者、10例GERD合并肠型CCM患者和10例BE患者。所有患者均行高分辨率食管测压。分析表面受体CD25、CD80 (th1型免疫应答)和CD163、CD206 (th2型免疫应答)的表达水平。结果。分析显示,与BE相比,NERD和GERD合并肠型CCM患者的CD206表达较高(分别为0.011和0.075)。在NERD患者中,正中远端收缩积分(DCI)为920 [178;2033毫米汞柱⋅年代⋅厘米;在GERD合并肠型CCM的患者中,为1046 [223];3759毫米汞柱⋅年代⋅厘米;BE - 276患者[1];1870毫米汞柱⋅年代⋅厘米。BE患者的食管运动不良发生率高于NERD和GERD合并肠型CCM患者(分别为0.06和0.052)。食管下括约肌压22.5 [8];40] NERD患者mmHg, 18.0 [7.0;GERD合并肠型CCM患者为36.0 mmHg, 14.5 mmHg [1.0;30.0] mmHg。CD206高表达与DCI呈正相关(r = 0.317, r = 0.077)。结论。食管运动障碍和免疫反应在胃食管反流患者中的作用有待进一步研究,以评估其对病程的影响。关键词:胃食管反流病,免疫反应,高分辨率食管测压,化生
{"title":"Esophageal motility disorder and high CD206 expression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease","authors":"A. Paraskevova, A. Trukhmanov, O. Storonova, A. B. Ponomarev, V. Ivashkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-38-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-38-44","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the immune response and esophageal motility in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) complicated by intestinal-type cylindrical cell metaplasia (CCM), and Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients: 10 patients with NERD, 10 patients with GERD complicated by intestinaltype CCM, and 10 patients with BE. All patients underwent high-resolution esophageal manometry. The expression levels of surface receptors CD25, CD80 (Th1-type immune response) and CD163, CD206 (Th2-type immune response) were analyzed. Results. The analysis revealed high CD206 expression in patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM compared to BE (р = 0.011, р = 0.075, respectively). In patients with NERD, median distal contractile integral (DCI) was 920 [178; 2033] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, it was 1046 [223; 3759] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with BE – 276 [1; 1870] mmHg⋅s⋅cm. Patients with BE had ineffective esophageal motility more often than patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM (р = 0.06, р = 0.052, respectively). Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 22.5 [8; 40] mmHg in patients with NERD, 18.0 [7.0; 36.0] mmHg in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, and 14.5 [1.0; 30.0] mmHg in patients with BE. The positive correlation between high CD206 expression and DCI (r = 0.317, р = 0.077) was determined. Conclusion. The role of esophageal motility disorder and immune response in patients with GERD should be further studied to assess their impact on the course of the disease. Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, immune response, high-resolution esophageal manometry, metaplasia","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nutritional value of beans in developing food products 豆类在食品开发中的营养价值
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-67-74
M. Maradudin, I. Simakova, N. Bolotova, A. Fedonnikov
The aim of this research work was to study nutritional value of food beans for medical and biological justification of the possibility of combining it with wheat flour for the production of functional foods. The objects of the study were models of hearth bread made from: first grade wheat flour (100%), bean seed flour (white and red) (100%), as well as samples of hearth bread made from composite mixtures based on beans containing 50 and 75% of beans. Nutritional and biological value of the studied products was determined by calculation, comparing nutrient composition, protein digestibility amino acid score (corrected/uncorrected) and glycemic index. The authors found that nutrient composition and energy value of bread models based on bean flour (white and red beans) in terms of nutritional and energy value are superior to hearth wheat bread, including according to protein by 48, 73 and 97%, respectively, to the percentage of bean flour in hearth bread 50, 75 and 100%. The fat content in hearth bread when bean flour is added is reduced by 33, 47 and 62%, respectively, to the percentage of bean flour. At the same time, the amount of carbohydrates remains practically unchanged. The energy value of bread is increased due to the increase in the amount of protein in bean flour. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of hearth bread is increased proportionally to the increase in the bean component by 1.95 times when adding 50% of flour, by 2.2 times – when adding 75% of flour, regardless of the type of beans. Adding beans to hearth bread significantly increases the content of calcium and magnesium – by 4 and 1.4–1.8 times, respectively. The glycemic index is decreased in proportion to the increase in the share of beans in hearth bread, while with a complete replacement of wheat flour with bean, the index is decreased by 2 times. Key words: bean flour, nutritional value, hearth bread, functional foods
本研究工作的目的是研究食用豆类的营养价值,为其与小麦粉结合生产功能性食品的可能性提供医学和生物学依据。研究对象是用一级小麦粉(100%)、豆籽粉(白色和红色)(100%)制成的炉边面包模型,以及用含有50%和75%豆类的豆类复合混合物制成的炉边面包样品。通过比较营养成分、蛋白质消化率、氨基酸评分(校正/未校正)和血糖指数,计算确定所研究产品的营养和生物学价值。作者发现,以豆粉(白豆和红豆)为原料的面包模型的营养成分和能量值均优于全麦面包,其中蛋白质比豆粉在全麦面包中所占的比例分别高出50%、75%和100%,分别高出48%、73%和97%。添加豆粉后,锅底面包的脂肪含量分别降低了豆粉的33%、47%和62%。与此同时,碳水化合物的含量几乎保持不变。面包的能量值因豆粉中蛋白质含量的增加而增加。无论豆类类型如何,添加50%的面粉时,玉米饼的蛋白质消化率校正氨基酸评分(PDCAAS)与豆类成分的增加成比例增加1.95倍,添加75%的面粉时增加2.2倍。添加豆类后,炉膛面包中钙和镁的含量分别提高了4倍和1.4-1.8倍。随着锅底面包中豆类含量的增加,血糖指数成比例下降,而完全用豆类代替小麦粉,血糖指数下降2倍。关键词:豆粉;营养价值;炉膛面包
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Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii
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