Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-42-50
E. Pavlovskaya, O. Titova, M. Bagaeva, M. Shavkina, T. Strokova
Objective. To study the dynamics of body composition parameters in obese children against the background of hypocaloric diet in inpatient settings. Patients and methods. This study enrolled 89 children aged 5 to 17 (13 [12; 15]) years, of whom 44% were boys. The inpatient treatment program for obesity included a low-fat and low-carbohydrate diet with an energy value of 1668 kcal/day and therapeutic exercise. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, the clinical and anthropometric examination and body composition evaluation by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the InBody 770 stationary analyzer (Biospace Co. Ltd., Korea) were performed at the beginning and at the end of inpatient treatment. Body fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), the amount of total body water, extracellular and intracellular fluid, protein, minerals, and the phase angle were determined. Results. At the beginning of the study, all children were found to have excess FM, and 47 (58%) had an increase in FFM due to muscle mass and intracellular fluid. By the end of treatment, there was a decrease in body weight, body mass index (BMI), BMI SDS, waist and hip circumference (p < 0.001) in all children. The amount of body fat decreased by 4.15% [2,6; 6,7]. Most children showed a statistically significant decrease in all FFM components by 2.4-2.7%. Protein loss during hospitalization was 0.3 kg [0.1; 0.4], mineral loss was 0.07 kg [0.01; 0.14]. The phase angle value at the beginning of the study was 5.5 [5.1; 6.1], at the end of the study – 5.4 [5.1; 5.9], p = 0.07. Conclusion. As a result of short-term adherence to the hypocaloric diet in inpatient settings, all children with obesity demonstrated a decrease in both FM and FFM against the background of a statistically significant decrease in BMI SDS. A comprehensive approach to treatment, combining the recommended calorie intake with the amount of protein according to the age group and structured physical activity, is necessary to preserve FFM in order to maintain resting energy expenditure. Body composition monitoring is required during the treatment of obesity. Key words: obesity, children, treatment, hypocaloric diet, fat-free mass, fat mass, body composition
目标。研究住院低热量饮食背景下肥胖儿童体成分参数的动态变化。患者和方法。本研究招募了89名5至17岁的儿童(13 [12;[15])岁，其中44%是男孩。肥胖症的住院治疗计划包括低脂肪和低碳水化合物饮食，能量值为1668千卡/天，以及治疗性运动。为了评估治疗的有效性，在住院治疗开始和结束时，使用InBody 770固定式分析仪(Biospace Co. Ltd.， Korea)进行临床和人体测量检查，并通过生物电阻抗分析(BIA)评估身体成分。测定体脂质量(FM)、无脂质量(FFM)、体内总水量、细胞外液和细胞内液、蛋白质、矿物质和相角。结果。在研究开始时，发现所有儿童都有过量的FM, 47例(58%)的FFM由于肌肉质量和细胞内液而增加。治疗结束时，所有儿童的体重、体重指数(BMI)、BMI SDS、腰围和臀围均下降(p < 0.001)。体脂量下降4.15% [2,6;6、7]。大多数儿童FFM各成分均有统计学意义上的下降，降幅为2.4-2.7%。住院期间蛋白质损失0.3 kg [0.1;0.4]，矿物质损失0.07 kg [0.01];0.14]。研究开始时相角值为5.5 [5.1;6.1]，研究结束时- 5.4 [5.1;5.9]， p = 0.07。结论。由于在住院环境中短期坚持低热量饮食，所有肥胖儿童的FM和FFM都有所下降，而BMI SDS有统计学意义上的显著下降。综合治疗方法，将推荐的卡路里摄入量与根据年龄组和有组织的身体活动的蛋白质量结合起来，是保持FFM以维持静息能量消耗所必需的。在治疗肥胖的过程中，需要监测身体成分。关键词:肥胖，儿童，治疗，低热量饮食，无脂量，脂肪量，身体成分
{"title":"Dynamics of body composition parameters in children with obesity against the background of hypocaloric diet in inpatient settings","authors":"E. Pavlovskaya, O. Titova, M. Bagaeva, M. Shavkina, T. Strokova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-42-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-42-50","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the dynamics of body composition parameters in obese children against the background of hypocaloric diet in inpatient settings. Patients and methods. This study enrolled 89 children aged 5 to 17 (13 [12; 15]) years, of whom 44% were boys. The inpatient treatment program for obesity included a low-fat and low-carbohydrate diet with an energy value of 1668 kcal/day and therapeutic exercise. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, the clinical and anthropometric examination and body composition evaluation by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the InBody 770 stationary analyzer (Biospace Co. Ltd., Korea) were performed at the beginning and at the end of inpatient treatment. Body fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), the amount of total body water, extracellular and intracellular fluid, protein, minerals, and the phase angle were determined. Results. At the beginning of the study, all children were found to have excess FM, and 47 (58%) had an increase in FFM due to muscle mass and intracellular fluid. By the end of treatment, there was a decrease in body weight, body mass index (BMI), BMI SDS, waist and hip circumference (p < 0.001) in all children. The amount of body fat decreased by 4.15% [2,6; 6,7]. Most children showed a statistically significant decrease in all FFM components by 2.4-2.7%. Protein loss during hospitalization was 0.3 kg [0.1; 0.4], mineral loss was 0.07 kg [0.01; 0.14]. The phase angle value at the beginning of the study was 5.5 [5.1; 6.1], at the end of the study – 5.4 [5.1; 5.9], p = 0.07. Conclusion. As a result of short-term adherence to the hypocaloric diet in inpatient settings, all children with obesity demonstrated a decrease in both FM and FFM against the background of a statistically significant decrease in BMI SDS. A comprehensive approach to treatment, combining the recommended calorie intake with the amount of protein according to the age group and structured physical activity, is necessary to preserve FFM in order to maintain resting energy expenditure. Body composition monitoring is required during the treatment of obesity. Key words: obesity, children, treatment, hypocaloric diet, fat-free mass, fat mass, body composition","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-5-13
P. Shumilov, A. Khavkin, Yu.A. Kucheryavy, D. Andreev, A. Gilmanov, R. Vasilyev, E.S. Kuchina, S.A. Marinchuk, O. V. Nazarova, N. G. Safonova, Ya.M. Stepkina, S.A. Tribunskaya, M. Chikunova, O.A. Shanava
Objective. To study the effect of esophagoprotector Alfasoxx on extraesophageal symptoms in children and adolescents with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients and methods. This article presents a prospective, open-label, multicenter, post-registration, observational study (the pediatric part of the EXTRASOXX protocol). The study enrolled 61 patients aged between 6 and 17 years (mean age: 12.5 ± 3.2 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of GERD who were prescribed a course of treatment with the esophagoprotector Alfasoxx (a combination of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and poloxamer 407) by their attending physician according to the instructions for medical use. The study consisted of two stages: a screening visit and two follow-up visits during administration of the esophagoprotector Alfasoxx. Screening was performed on the day of the patient’s visit. Visit 1 could take place on the same day as the screening visit, whereas visit 2 took place 4–5 weeks after visit 1 at the end of treatment. At each visit, the researcher completed a patient record form (RSI questionnaire, esophageal symptom frequency and severity assessment questionnaire, patient satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale). Results. By the end of the study, 70.5% (95% CI: 57.4–81.5) of patients had complete resolution of extraesophageal GERD symptoms (RSI score 0). When comparing mean RSI scores before and after treatment, a statistically significant regression was noted: from 13 points (95% CI: 11.5–14.5) at visit 1 to 0.5 points (95% CI: 0.2–0.7) at visit 2. Thus, the decrease in the total RSI score was significant and exceeded 90% of the baseline value. The proportion of patients taking antacid-containing medications decreased significantly: from 34.4% (95% CI: 21.7–47.2) at visit 1 to 4.9% (95% CI: 0.0–11.2) at visit 2. Mean treatment satisfaction score on the Likert scale was 4.9 (95% CI: 4.9–5.0), Alfasoxx’s ease of use was 4.9 (95% CI: 4.9–5.0). Conclusion. This prospective, observational, multicenter study demonstrated that adding Alfasoxx to standard therapy for GERD in children and adolescents contributes to a significant regression of both esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms and reduces the need for antacid-containing medications. Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, children, adolescents, extraesophageal symptoms, esophagoprotector, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate
{"title":"Evaluation of esophagoprotective therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease with extraesophageal symptoms in children and adolescents: results of an open-label, multicenter, observational study","authors":"P. Shumilov, A. Khavkin, Yu.A. Kucheryavy, D. Andreev, A. Gilmanov, R. Vasilyev, E.S. Kuchina, S.A. Marinchuk, O. V. Nazarova, N. G. Safonova, Ya.M. Stepkina, S.A. Tribunskaya, M. Chikunova, O.A. Shanava","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the effect of esophagoprotector Alfasoxx on extraesophageal symptoms in children and adolescents with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients and methods. This article presents a prospective, open-label, multicenter, post-registration, observational study (the pediatric part of the EXTRASOXX protocol). The study enrolled 61 patients aged between 6 and 17 years (mean age: 12.5 ± 3.2 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of GERD who were prescribed a course of treatment with the esophagoprotector Alfasoxx (a combination of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and poloxamer 407) by their attending physician according to the instructions for medical use. The study consisted of two stages: a screening visit and two follow-up visits during administration of the esophagoprotector Alfasoxx. Screening was performed on the day of the patient’s visit. Visit 1 could take place on the same day as the screening visit, whereas visit 2 took place 4–5 weeks after visit 1 at the end of treatment. At each visit, the researcher completed a patient record form (RSI questionnaire, esophageal symptom frequency and severity assessment questionnaire, patient satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale). Results. By the end of the study, 70.5% (95% CI: 57.4–81.5) of patients had complete resolution of extraesophageal GERD symptoms (RSI score 0). When comparing mean RSI scores before and after treatment, a statistically significant regression was noted: from 13 points (95% CI: 11.5–14.5) at visit 1 to 0.5 points (95% CI: 0.2–0.7) at visit 2. Thus, the decrease in the total RSI score was significant and exceeded 90% of the baseline value. The proportion of patients taking antacid-containing medications decreased significantly: from 34.4% (95% CI: 21.7–47.2) at visit 1 to 4.9% (95% CI: 0.0–11.2) at visit 2. Mean treatment satisfaction score on the Likert scale was 4.9 (95% CI: 4.9–5.0), Alfasoxx’s ease of use was 4.9 (95% CI: 4.9–5.0). Conclusion. This prospective, observational, multicenter study demonstrated that adding Alfasoxx to standard therapy for GERD in children and adolescents contributes to a significant regression of both esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms and reduces the need for antacid-containing medications. Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, children, adolescents, extraesophageal symptoms, esophagoprotector, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-51-62
A. Zavyalova, V. Novikova, M.V. Gavshchyuk, Yu. V. Kuznetsova
Dysphagia is a secondary symptom representing any disruption in the swallowing process. There are two main types of dysphagia: oropharyngeal and esophageal. Oropharyngeal dysphagia accounts for about 80–85% of all swallowing problems. In patients with mild to moderate dysphagia, oral feeding with thickening agents is available. This review provides options for testing various thickeners used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as for food modification. A stepwise choice of food texture for patients of different ages depending on the severity of dysphagia is presented. Key words: dysphagia, diet therapy, thickeners, food texture
{"title":"Dysphagia: diagnosis, modern methods of diet therapy","authors":"A. Zavyalova, V. Novikova, M.V. Gavshchyuk, Yu. V. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-51-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-51-62","url":null,"abstract":"Dysphagia is a secondary symptom representing any disruption in the swallowing process. There are two main types of dysphagia: oropharyngeal and esophageal. Oropharyngeal dysphagia accounts for about 80–85% of all swallowing problems. In patients with mild to moderate dysphagia, oral feeding with thickening agents is available. This review provides options for testing various thickeners used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as for food modification. A stepwise choice of food texture for patients of different ages depending on the severity of dysphagia is presented. Key words: dysphagia, diet therapy, thickeners, food texture","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-5-10
Y. Chekhonina, K. M. Gapparova, I. Vorozhko, A. A. Sokolnikov
Patients and methods. This study included 43 elderly patients with class I-III obesity, who were randomized into two groups: the study group (24 patients) and the comparison group (19 patients). Anthropometric and serum parameters were assessed in all patients before and after diet therapy: total protein, transaminases, triglycerides, cholesterol fractions, glucose, uric acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, vitamins A, B2, B6, B9, B12, E, C and 25(OH)D3. Patients in the study group received a modified version of the standard diet with calorie restriction up to 1700 kcal and with protein modification by including 36 g of a specialized product for 14 days. Patients in the comparison group received a variation of the standard diet with calorie restriction up to 1730 kcal. Results. In patients in the study group, there were positive dynamics of biochemical parameters (a significant decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, an increase in serum concentrations of 25(OH) D3, vitamin E and B12, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc) and body composition parameters (a significant reduction of fat mass, total fluid, a slight increase in muscle mass) against the background of diet therapy with the inclusion of a specialized food product. Conclusion. Thus, timely diagnosis and correction of eating disorders in the elderly is an important part of the prevention and rehabilitation of alimentary-dependent diseases. Key words: obesity, diet therapy, elderly
{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of diet therapy with protein modification in elderly patients with obesity","authors":"Y. Chekhonina, K. M. Gapparova, I. Vorozhko, A. A. Sokolnikov","doi":"10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-5-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-5-10","url":null,"abstract":"Patients and methods. This study included 43 elderly patients with class I-III obesity, who were randomized into two groups: the study group (24 patients) and the comparison group (19 patients). Anthropometric and serum parameters were assessed in all patients before and after diet therapy: total protein, transaminases, triglycerides, cholesterol fractions, glucose, uric acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, vitamins A, B2, B6, B9, B12, E, C and 25(OH)D3. Patients in the study group received a modified version of the standard diet with calorie restriction up to 1700 kcal and with protein modification by including 36 g of a specialized product for 14 days. Patients in the comparison group received a variation of the standard diet with calorie restriction up to 1730 kcal. Results. In patients in the study group, there were positive dynamics of biochemical parameters (a significant decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, an increase in serum concentrations of 25(OH) D3, vitamin E and B12, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc) and body composition parameters (a significant reduction of fat mass, total fluid, a slight increase in muscle mass) against the background of diet therapy with the inclusion of a specialized food product. Conclusion. Thus, timely diagnosis and correction of eating disorders in the elderly is an important part of the prevention and rehabilitation of alimentary-dependent diseases. Key words: obesity, diet therapy, elderly","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76386337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-12-19
A. Kolchina, O. Khaletskaya, V. N. Borisova
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of a low-protein diet (LPD) in patients with secondary hyperammonemia (HA) during the period of clinical manifestation depending on its etiology and the level of ammonia, and to substantiate management tactics. Patients and methods. This study included 29 patients with secondary HA. Patients were divided into two age groups depending on the onset of HA: the neonatal group (group 1; n = 15) and the infant and toddler group (group 2; n = 14). Depending on the causes of HA, two subgroups were identified: patients with HA associated with inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) and patients with HA not associated with IMD. Results. In group 1, 5 patients with mild transient HA (THA) (116.4 [106.9–136.9] μmol/L) did not receive LPD, and HA resolved within a week. Of the remaining 10 patients, five had a positive response to LPD (patients with IMD and THA). HA was severe (1588.5 [1315.0–1862.0] μmol/L), and the normalization of parameters was noted by day 14 [9–19]. Another 5 patients had a wave-like character of HA against the background of LPD (p = 0.350). In group 2, 10 patients with mild HA (87.45 [75.25–107.6] μmol/L) were not treated with LPD, all of them belonged to subgroup 2, and the normalization of parameters was observed on day 4. Another 4 patients with moderate HA (219.15 [188.85–245.6] μmol/L) received LPD, HA had a wave-like character (patients with IMD and HA not associated with IMD). Conclusion. The study showed that the course of HA against the background of LPD varies depending on patient age, disease severity and etiology. Key words: hyperammonemia, newborns, metabolic crisis, inherited metabolic diseases, low-protein diet, valproic acid
{"title":"Efficacy of low-protein diet in children with secondary hyperammonemia of different etiologies","authors":"A. Kolchina, O. Khaletskaya, V. N. Borisova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-12-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-12-19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of a low-protein diet (LPD) in patients with secondary hyperammonemia (HA) during the period of clinical manifestation depending on its etiology and the level of ammonia, and to substantiate management tactics. Patients and methods. This study included 29 patients with secondary HA. Patients were divided into two age groups depending on the onset of HA: the neonatal group (group 1; n = 15) and the infant and toddler group (group 2; n = 14). Depending on the causes of HA, two subgroups were identified: patients with HA associated with inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) and patients with HA not associated with IMD. Results. In group 1, 5 patients with mild transient HA (THA) (116.4 [106.9–136.9] μmol/L) did not receive LPD, and HA resolved within a week. Of the remaining 10 patients, five had a positive response to LPD (patients with IMD and THA). HA was severe (1588.5 [1315.0–1862.0] μmol/L), and the normalization of parameters was noted by day 14 [9–19]. Another 5 patients had a wave-like character of HA against the background of LPD (p = 0.350). In group 2, 10 patients with mild HA (87.45 [75.25–107.6] μmol/L) were not treated with LPD, all of them belonged to subgroup 2, and the normalization of parameters was observed on day 4. Another 4 patients with moderate HA (219.15 [188.85–245.6] μmol/L) received LPD, HA had a wave-like character (patients with IMD and HA not associated with IMD). Conclusion. The study showed that the course of HA against the background of LPD varies depending on patient age, disease severity and etiology. Key words: hyperammonemia, newborns, metabolic crisis, inherited metabolic diseases, low-protein diet, valproic acid","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-52-57
O. Netrebenko, P. Shumilov
A close connection between the immune system and metabolism has been identified in many experimental and clinical studies. The cells of the immune system have the highest energy requirements due to active proliferation, while they have no depot of energy storage and plastics and depend on their ingestion from outside. The phenotype and functional activity of immune cells directly depend on the type of their energy supply. Overnutrition or malnutrition, deficiency of certain micronutrients, and intestinal metabolic activity significantly affect immune cell function. Modulation of basic metabolic and signaling pathways has a considerable impact on the proliferation, differentiation, and functional activity of T cells. Metabolic targeted therapy for immune cells is a promising type of treatment for immune-mediated and cancer diseases. Key words: immunometabolism, metabolism, T cells, inflammation, cancer, treatment
{"title":"Immunometabolism: new perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases","authors":"O. Netrebenko, P. Shumilov","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-52-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-52-57","url":null,"abstract":"A close connection between the immune system and metabolism has been identified in many experimental and clinical studies. The cells of the immune system have the highest energy requirements due to active proliferation, while they have no depot of energy storage and plastics and depend on their ingestion from outside. The phenotype and functional activity of immune cells directly depend on the type of their energy supply. Overnutrition or malnutrition, deficiency of certain micronutrients, and intestinal metabolic activity significantly affect immune cell function. Modulation of basic metabolic and signaling pathways has a considerable impact on the proliferation, differentiation, and functional activity of T cells. Metabolic targeted therapy for immune cells is a promising type of treatment for immune-mediated and cancer diseases. Key words: immunometabolism, metabolism, T cells, inflammation, cancer, treatment","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-16-26
S. Makarova, E. E. Emelyashenkov, A. Fisenko, N. Murashkin, M. Vershinina, E. Semikina, D. S. Yasakov, M. Snovskaya, O. Ereshko, A. Galimova
Objective. To assess the nutritional status and factors affecting it in children with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA). Patients and methods. This single-center, observational, cross-sectional, uncontrolled, retrospective study enrolled 315 children aged between 1 month and 17 years 11 months with severe AD and FA. Standard anthropometric parameters were measured and calculated, including WAZ (weight-for-age Z-score), HAZ (height-for-age Z-score), and BAZ (BMI-for-age Z-score). Patients’ medical histories were examined, and the levels of total IgE and specific IgE to food allergens, hemoglobin, ferritin, iron, and vitamin D were evaluated. Results. On average, anthr opometric parameters in the examined patients were below the reference values. Failure to thrive of mild degree was detected in 27.6% of children, moderate degree in 13.7%, and severe degree in 2,2%. The frequency of overweight and obesity was 9.5% and 3.8%, respectively. A correlation was found between HAZ and children’s age (r = 0.21, p = 0.015) and the number of excluded food groups (r = -1.66, p = 0.031), and between BAZ and the number of excluded food groups (r = -1.39, p = 0.019). HAZ (p = 0.014) and BAZ (p = 0.017) values were lower in children following a dairy-free diet than in children on other types of elimination diets. At the same time, BAZ was higher in children who did not strictly follow the diet than in those who did (p = 0.011). There was a correlation between BAZ and vitamin D levels (r = 0.29, p = 0.012). Formulas based on extensive hydrolyzed protein and free aminoacides reduced severity and frequency of failure to thrive in management children with CMPA. Conclusion. Children with severe AD and FA require careful planning of their diets to reduce the risk of failure to thrive. It is necessary to study the influence of dietary composition and eating behavior of patients on their nutritional status. Key words: children, atopic dermatitis, nutritional status, elimination diet, food allergy, physical development, vitamin D
目标。探讨严重特应性皮炎(AD)和食物过敏(FA)患儿的营养状况及其影响因素。患者和方法。这项单中心、观察性、横断面、非对照、回顾性研究招募了315名患有严重AD和FA的儿童，年龄在1个月至17岁11个月之间。测量和计算标准人体测量参数，包括WAZ(体重年龄z分数)、HAZ(身高年龄z分数)和BAZ (bmi年龄z分数)。检查患者的病史，评估总IgE和对食物过敏原、血红蛋白、铁蛋白、铁和维生素D的特异性IgE水平。结果。平均而言，检查患者的验光参数低于参考值。轻度发育不良患儿占27.6%，中度发育不良患儿占13.7%，重度发育不良患儿占2.2%。超重和肥胖的频率分别为9.5%和3.8%。HAZ与儿童年龄(r = 0.21, p = 0.015)、被排除食物组数(r = -1.66, p = 0.031)、BAZ与被排除食物组数(r = -1.39, p = 0.019)呈正相关。无乳制品饮食的儿童HAZ (p = 0.014)和BAZ (p = 0.017)值低于其他类型消除饮食的儿童。与此同时，未严格遵循饮食的儿童的BAZ高于严格遵循饮食的儿童(p = 0.011)。BAZ与维生素D水平存在相关性(r = 0.29, p = 0.012)。基于广泛水解蛋白和游离氨基酸的配方降低了CMPA患儿生长失败的严重程度和频率。结论。患有严重AD和FA的儿童需要仔细规划他们的饮食，以减少无法茁壮成长的风险。因此，有必要研究患者饮食组成和饮食行为对其营养状况的影响。关键词:儿童，特应性皮炎，营养状况，消除饮食，食物过敏，身体发育，维生素D
{"title":"Anthropometric parameters and nutritional status in children with severe atopic dermatitis and food allergy","authors":"S. Makarova, E. E. Emelyashenkov, A. Fisenko, N. Murashkin, M. Vershinina, E. Semikina, D. S. Yasakov, M. Snovskaya, O. Ereshko, A. Galimova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-16-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-16-26","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess the nutritional status and factors affecting it in children with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA). Patients and methods. This single-center, observational, cross-sectional, uncontrolled, retrospective study enrolled 315 children aged between 1 month and 17 years 11 months with severe AD and FA. Standard anthropometric parameters were measured and calculated, including WAZ (weight-for-age Z-score), HAZ (height-for-age Z-score), and BAZ (BMI-for-age Z-score). Patients’ medical histories were examined, and the levels of total IgE and specific IgE to food allergens, hemoglobin, ferritin, iron, and vitamin D were evaluated. Results. On average, anthr opometric parameters in the examined patients were below the reference values. Failure to thrive of mild degree was detected in 27.6% of children, moderate degree in 13.7%, and severe degree in 2,2%. The frequency of overweight and obesity was 9.5% and 3.8%, respectively. A correlation was found between HAZ and children’s age (r = 0.21, p = 0.015) and the number of excluded food groups (r = -1.66, p = 0.031), and between BAZ and the number of excluded food groups (r = -1.39, p = 0.019). HAZ (p = 0.014) and BAZ (p = 0.017) values were lower in children following a dairy-free diet than in children on other types of elimination diets. At the same time, BAZ was higher in children who did not strictly follow the diet than in those who did (p = 0.011). There was a correlation between BAZ and vitamin D levels (r = 0.29, p = 0.012). Formulas based on extensive hydrolyzed protein and free aminoacides reduced severity and frequency of failure to thrive in management children with CMPA. Conclusion. Children with severe AD and FA require careful planning of their diets to reduce the risk of failure to thrive. It is necessary to study the influence of dietary composition and eating behavior of patients on their nutritional status. Key words: children, atopic dermatitis, nutritional status, elimination diet, food allergy, physical development, vitamin D","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-29-37
N. D. Odinaeva, E. Kondratyeva, E. Loshkova, I. Osmanov, A. Khavkin, I. Zakharova, Yu. F. Shubina, E. Pasnova, Yu.B. Ponomarenko
Objective. To assess serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with various diseases living in Moscow and the Moscow region, considering the season of the year and age. Patients and methods. A cross-sectional uncontrolled diagnostic trial was performed. It included 10.707 people: 8,441 (78.8%) women and 2,266 (21.2%) men; children accounted for 15% (1,501 children) and adults – for 85% (9,206 people); the mean age of adults was 49.86 ± 21.92 years and that of children – 13.45 ± 11.76 years. Results. The maximum prevalence of severe 25(OH)D deficiency was revealed among patients with neoplasms (48.9%); patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue had severe 25(OH)D deficiency in 16.9% of cases, with urogenital diseases – in 19.6% of cases, with digestive diseases – in 19.0% of cases, with perinatal diseases – in 15.7% of cases, with diseases of blood and hematopoietic organs – in 22.3% of cases, which proved to be 2-3 times more frequent compared to individuals with diseases of other classes. Individuals who underwent preventive examination had the lowest prevalence (1.4%) of severe 25(OH)D deficiency. In case of diseases with chronic progressive autoimmune inflammation (type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA)), neoplasms, as well as in complications of diseases of various pathogenesis, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), vitamin D deficiency was observed throughout the year, which did not correspond to increasing daylight hours. Children with perinatal diseases and born preterm had low levels and severe deficiency of 25(OH)D, which occurred immediately after birth. Conclusion. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 82.9%; the lowest serum 25(OH)D levels were recorded in winter and spring. Severe year-round serum 25(OH)D deficiency was revealed in patients with autoimmune diseases and chronic kidney disease. Key words: adults, vitamin D, inflammation, 25(OH)D, children, deficiency, seasons of the year
{"title":"Seasonal variations in serum vitamin D levels in children and adults with various diseases","authors":"N. D. Odinaeva, E. Kondratyeva, E. Loshkova, I. Osmanov, A. Khavkin, I. Zakharova, Yu. F. Shubina, E. Pasnova, Yu.B. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-29-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-29-37","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with various diseases living in Moscow and the Moscow region, considering the season of the year and age. Patients and methods. A cross-sectional uncontrolled diagnostic trial was performed. It included 10.707 people: 8,441 (78.8%) women and 2,266 (21.2%) men; children accounted for 15% (1,501 children) and adults – for 85% (9,206 people); the mean age of adults was 49.86 ± 21.92 years and that of children – 13.45 ± 11.76 years. Results. The maximum prevalence of severe 25(OH)D deficiency was revealed among patients with neoplasms (48.9%); patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue had severe 25(OH)D deficiency in 16.9% of cases, with urogenital diseases – in 19.6% of cases, with digestive diseases – in 19.0% of cases, with perinatal diseases – in 15.7% of cases, with diseases of blood and hematopoietic organs – in 22.3% of cases, which proved to be 2-3 times more frequent compared to individuals with diseases of other classes. Individuals who underwent preventive examination had the lowest prevalence (1.4%) of severe 25(OH)D deficiency. In case of diseases with chronic progressive autoimmune inflammation (type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA)), neoplasms, as well as in complications of diseases of various pathogenesis, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), vitamin D deficiency was observed throughout the year, which did not correspond to increasing daylight hours. Children with perinatal diseases and born preterm had low levels and severe deficiency of 25(OH)D, which occurred immediately after birth. Conclusion. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 82.9%; the lowest serum 25(OH)D levels were recorded in winter and spring. Severe year-round serum 25(OH)D deficiency was revealed in patients with autoimmune diseases and chronic kidney disease. Key words: adults, vitamin D, inflammation, 25(OH)D, children, deficiency, seasons of the year","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-38-44
A. Paraskevova, A. Trukhmanov, O. Storonova, A. B. Ponomarev, V. Ivashkin
Objective. To study the immune response and esophageal motility in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) complicated by intestinal-type cylindrical cell metaplasia (CCM), and Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients: 10 patients with NERD, 10 patients with GERD complicated by intestinaltype CCM, and 10 patients with BE. All patients underwent high-resolution esophageal manometry. The expression levels of surface receptors CD25, CD80 (Th1-type immune response) and CD163, CD206 (Th2-type immune response) were analyzed. Results. The analysis revealed high CD206 expression in patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM compared to BE (р = 0.011, р = 0.075, respectively). In patients with NERD, median distal contractile integral (DCI) was 920 [178; 2033] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, it was 1046 [223; 3759] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with BE – 276 [1; 1870] mmHg⋅s⋅cm. Patients with BE had ineffective esophageal motility more often than patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM (р = 0.06, р = 0.052, respectively). Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 22.5 [8; 40] mmHg in patients with NERD, 18.0 [7.0; 36.0] mmHg in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, and 14.5 [1.0; 30.0] mmHg in patients with BE. The positive correlation between high CD206 expression and DCI (r = 0.317, р = 0.077) was determined. Conclusion. The role of esophageal motility disorder and immune response in patients with GERD should be further studied to assess their impact on the course of the disease. Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, immune response, high-resolution esophageal manometry, metaplasia
{"title":"Esophageal motility disorder and high CD206 expression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease","authors":"A. Paraskevova, A. Trukhmanov, O. Storonova, A. B. Ponomarev, V. Ivashkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-38-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-38-44","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the immune response and esophageal motility in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) complicated by intestinal-type cylindrical cell metaplasia (CCM), and Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients: 10 patients with NERD, 10 patients with GERD complicated by intestinaltype CCM, and 10 patients with BE. All patients underwent high-resolution esophageal manometry. The expression levels of surface receptors CD25, CD80 (Th1-type immune response) and CD163, CD206 (Th2-type immune response) were analyzed. Results. The analysis revealed high CD206 expression in patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM compared to BE (р = 0.011, р = 0.075, respectively). In patients with NERD, median distal contractile integral (DCI) was 920 [178; 2033] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, it was 1046 [223; 3759] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with BE – 276 [1; 1870] mmHg⋅s⋅cm. Patients with BE had ineffective esophageal motility more often than patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM (р = 0.06, р = 0.052, respectively). Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 22.5 [8; 40] mmHg in patients with NERD, 18.0 [7.0; 36.0] mmHg in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, and 14.5 [1.0; 30.0] mmHg in patients with BE. The positive correlation between high CD206 expression and DCI (r = 0.317, р = 0.077) was determined. Conclusion. The role of esophageal motility disorder and immune response in patients with GERD should be further studied to assess their impact on the course of the disease. Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, immune response, high-resolution esophageal manometry, metaplasia","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-67-74
M. Maradudin, I. Simakova, N. Bolotova, A. Fedonnikov
The aim of this research work was to study nutritional value of food beans for medical and biological justification of the possibility of combining it with wheat flour for the production of functional foods. The objects of the study were models of hearth bread made from: first grade wheat flour (100%), bean seed flour (white and red) (100%), as well as samples of hearth bread made from composite mixtures based on beans containing 50 and 75% of beans. Nutritional and biological value of the studied products was determined by calculation, comparing nutrient composition, protein digestibility amino acid score (corrected/uncorrected) and glycemic index. The authors found that nutrient composition and energy value of bread models based on bean flour (white and red beans) in terms of nutritional and energy value are superior to hearth wheat bread, including according to protein by 48, 73 and 97%, respectively, to the percentage of bean flour in hearth bread 50, 75 and 100%. The fat content in hearth bread when bean flour is added is reduced by 33, 47 and 62%, respectively, to the percentage of bean flour. At the same time, the amount of carbohydrates remains practically unchanged. The energy value of bread is increased due to the increase in the amount of protein in bean flour. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of hearth bread is increased proportionally to the increase in the bean component by 1.95 times when adding 50% of flour, by 2.2 times – when adding 75% of flour, regardless of the type of beans. Adding beans to hearth bread significantly increases the content of calcium and magnesium – by 4 and 1.4–1.8 times, respectively. The glycemic index is decreased in proportion to the increase in the share of beans in hearth bread, while with a complete replacement of wheat flour with bean, the index is decreased by 2 times. Key words: bean flour, nutritional value, hearth bread, functional foods
{"title":"Nutritional value of beans in developing food products","authors":"M. Maradudin, I. Simakova, N. Bolotova, A. Fedonnikov","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-67-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-67-74","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research work was to study nutritional value of food beans for medical and biological justification of the possibility of combining it with wheat flour for the production of functional foods. The objects of the study were models of hearth bread made from: first grade wheat flour (100%), bean seed flour (white and red) (100%), as well as samples of hearth bread made from composite mixtures based on beans containing 50 and 75% of beans. Nutritional and biological value of the studied products was determined by calculation, comparing nutrient composition, protein digestibility amino acid score (corrected/uncorrected) and glycemic index. The authors found that nutrient composition and energy value of bread models based on bean flour (white and red beans) in terms of nutritional and energy value are superior to hearth wheat bread, including according to protein by 48, 73 and 97%, respectively, to the percentage of bean flour in hearth bread 50, 75 and 100%. The fat content in hearth bread when bean flour is added is reduced by 33, 47 and 62%, respectively, to the percentage of bean flour. At the same time, the amount of carbohydrates remains practically unchanged. The energy value of bread is increased due to the increase in the amount of protein in bean flour. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of hearth bread is increased proportionally to the increase in the bean component by 1.95 times when adding 50% of flour, by 2.2 times – when adding 75% of flour, regardless of the type of beans. Adding beans to hearth bread significantly increases the content of calcium and magnesium – by 4 and 1.4–1.8 times, respectively. The glycemic index is decreased in proportion to the increase in the share of beans in hearth bread, while with a complete replacement of wheat flour with bean, the index is decreased by 2 times. Key words: bean flour, nutritional value, hearth bread, functional foods","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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