Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii最新文献

{"title":"Functional gastrointestinal disorders. History and current reality","authors":"M. Gurova, V. Novikova, A. Khavkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-60-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-60-66","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents historical aspects of understanding the functional gastrointestinal disorders, introduces the evolution of views on this pathology and connection with basic philosophical concepts that influenced the development of medical science: holism, dualism, reductionism, integrative medicine. The significance and role of the Rome Foundation that aims at studying the functional gastrointestinal disorders in defining the concept, classification, development of diagnostic criteria, diagnostic algorithms for this pathology are shown, as well as the contribution of Russian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists to the elaboration of clinical recommendations on functional gastrointestinal disorders in childhood. Key words: functional gastrointestinal disorders, historical aspects, Rome Foundation for the study of functional gastrointestinal disorders, Society of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic programming of chronic inflammation: role of nutrition and microbiome","authors":"O. Netrebenko, P. Shumilov","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-36-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-36-43","url":null,"abstract":"The origins of major non-communicable diseases are programmed early in development, in the first 1,000 days, from conception to the end of the 2nd year of life. The mechanisms of this programming are associated with epigenetic modifications of genes that determine human metabolism and phenotype, disease predisposition, resistance to stress and adverse environmental factors. Such mechanisms include DNA methylation, non-coding RNA activity, and modifications of histone tails. All three mechanisms affect genome organization, gene expression, and nuclear functions. This review reveals the main known mechanisms of epigenetic programming. Eating disorders in pregnant women (under- or overnutrition), the presence of chronic diseases (obesity, diabetes, etc.) are risk factors for disease development in offspring. The perinatal period includes the formation of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal integrity, microbiome, and intestinal immune system. Epigenetic processes play an important role in the development of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, which implement the effect of environmental factors, influence gene expression, and change the inflammatory phenotype in the presence of genetic predisposition. Key words: epigenetics, mechanisms, nutrition, microbiome, inflammation, inflammatory bowel diseases","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminal and mucosal-associated intestinal microbiota in children born to mothers with bronchial asthma during the first year of life","authors":"T.V. Kosenkova, E. Boytsova, I. Kelmanson, I. Zazerskaya, V. Novikova, O. Lavrova, M. N. Boldyreva, A. Gorelov","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-5-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-5-20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the luminal and mucosal-associated intestinal microbiota (IM) in children at high risk of atopy during the first year of life depe nding on the type of feeding in the early neonatal period. Patients and methods. This prospective, longitudinal, randomized study included pairs of pregnant women and their children. They were divided into two groups: the study group, which consisted of patients with high risk of atopy (39 full-term infants born through vaginal delivery to mothers with bronchial asthma), and the control group, which enrolled patients with low risk of atopy (26 full-term infants born through vaginal delivery to healthy mothers). Depending on the type of feeding in the early neonatal period, subgroups A (exclusively breastfed infants) and B (formula-fed infants) were identified. The intestinal microbiota was examined on day 2-3 and then every 2 months until the child reached the age of 1 year; stool specimens and brushing specimens from the rectum were collected. The luminal and mucosal-associated IM were analyzed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction with group- and species-specific primers in 4 phylums including 31 microorganisms. Results. The IM parameters were influenced by the following: the source of sampling (luminal IM values were higher than that of mucosal-associated IM and increased with the age of children), mass of microorganisms studied (increased with age regardless of the type of feeding in the early neonatal period, but the most diverse IM was noted in children with HRA), the type of infant feeding (had no effect on bacterial mass except for Clostridium dificile, whose mass was higher in exclusively breastfed infants with HRA (F(1.61) = 5.68; p = 0.020; η2 p = 0.09)), and also depended on the child’s age at the time of sampling (F(6.366) = 294.63; p < 0.001 ; η2 p = 0.83) (increased with age) and the source of sampling (higher in mucosal-associated IM) (F(1.61) = 141.12; p < 0.001 ; η2 p = 0.70). The presence of maternal bronchial asthma had the most significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative composition of IM. Conclusion. Children at high risk of atopy had a greater diversity of both the luminal and mucosal-associated intestinal microbiota. The presence of maternal bronchial asthma is the most significant factor modifying the intestinal microbiota of the child. Key words: atopy, bronchial asthma, infants, feeding, luminal and mucosal-associated intestinal microbiota","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taste disorders in children treated for hemoblastosis: analysis of prevalence and possible causes","authors":"A. Vashura, E. Zhukovskaya, T. Kovtun, Yuri Obukhov, S. Lukina, A. Khavkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-61-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-61-69","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the structure of taste disorders and possible risk factors of their development in children after the end of hemoblastosis treatment. Patients and methods. This retrospective study included data on 54 children who underwent rehabilitation in the Treatment and Rehabilitation Research Center “Russkoe Pole” of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. A comparison group was formed of 216 patients with hemoblastosis. Taste sensitivity analysis method: GOST (All-Union State Standard) ISO 3972-2014 (sweet, salty, bitter, sour tastes). Results of the dental examination and consultation with a neurologist, time after the end of treatment, and body composition (body fat and lean body mass) were analyzed. Results. It was found that 64.8% of children had nutritional disorders, 48.1% – excess body fat, 7.5% – severe dysgeusia, 24.1% – impaired sensitivity to three tastes, 24.1% – to two tastes, and 44.3% – to one taste. Ageusia to bitter taste (26%) and hypergeusia to sour taste (20%) were the most common. No significant correlation with the time after the end of treatment was obtained. Conclusion. Statistically significant differences were found between the study group and the comparison group depending on the investigated risk factors. To obtain highly significant results, it is advisable to conduct prospective studies in larger patient groups. Key words: children, taste disorders, malignant neoplasms, hemoblastosis, nutritional status, toxic neuropathy, dental status","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacoeconomic aspects of complex therapy including clinical nutrition in children with cystic fibrosis","authors":"T. Maksimycheva, E. Kondratyeva, V. Shadrina","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-14-20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To estimate the annual cost of antibiotic therapy for cystic fibrosis exacerbations in children depending on nutritional status and the comparative cost of enteral nutrition products of two manufacturing companies. Patients and methods. This study included 50 male and female patients with cystic fibrosis aged 7 to 17 years (mean age 13 ± 4 years). All patients were divided into two age groups. Group 1 consisted of 26 children aged 7 to 10 years and group 2 consisted of 24 children aged 11 to 17 years. Each age group was subdivided depending on the body mass index (BMI): subgroup 1: ≤10th percentile, subgroup 2: 50th percentile. According to the 2019 registry, we calculated the number of courses and doses of antibiotic therapy per year, the annual cost of antibiotic therapy in each subgroup and per patient, and the cost of nutritional status correction with supplementary feeding. Results. In groups of patients with different nutritional status, it was shown that the average annual cost of antibiotic therapy in children aged 7–10 years with BMI ≥50th percentile was 600 thousand rubles (11%) lower than in children with BMI ≤10th percentile. In the age group of 11–17 years, cost savings amounted to 2.9 million rubles (58%). When calculating the cost of enteral nutrition, it was found that the use of domestic products to correct the nutritional status is economically more feasible. Cost savings ranged between 484,080 and 608,880 rubles (25–30%) in each age group. Conclusion. The decline in nutritional status should be corrected as early as possible. Maintaining optimal rates of physical development may lead to significant cost savings. The results obtained may be used for future economic assessments and cost projections for the treatment of patients with pathology accompanied by poor nutritional status. Key words: cystic fibrosis, children, enteral nutrition, protein-energy malnutrition, malnutrition","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential choice of standard infant formula: how to minimize the risk of artificial feeding","authors":"T. N. Sorvacheva, A. N. Safronova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-58-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-58-67","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends in the optimization of formulas for infant feeding in the first year of life are presented. The relevance of this area stems from the influence of alimentary factor during this period on the realization of children’s genetic potential in the short and long term. In this respect, natural feeding is optimal for children’s health. At the same time, the question of choosing a milk formula for artificial feeding requires a differential approach from practitioners. Due to the appearance of the wide range of infant formulas in recent years, the features of the development and optimization of formulas based on cow’s and goat’s milk are presented by comparison. Characteristics of goat’s milk, that are largely determined by its variation and genotype, are shown, which is realized in the creation of formulas based on the most studied New Zealand goat’s milk and is confirmed in experimental and clinical studies. Special attention should be paid to the quality, composition of raw materials and processing techniques, which are able to preserve biologically active compounds and minimize the formation of glycation reactions. Key words: feeding, infants, feeding formulas","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibilities of implementing screening methods for nutritional risk assessment in children with neurological pathology","authors":"E. Pyrieva, A. I. Safronova, M. A. Toboleva, M. Timoshina, E. A. Netunaeva","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-5-11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Comparative evaluation and study of the effectiveness of using different nutritional risk screening tools in children with neurological pathology. Patients and methods. This study included 105 children with neurological pathology (epilepsy, cerebral palsy, congenital anomalies of the nervous system), among whom were 50 (47.6%) boys and 55 (52.4%) girls aged 1 to 17 years (7.8 ± 4.9 years). Anthropometric indices were assessed and questionnaires using nutritional risk screening tools were conducted, followed by calculation of their sensitivity and specificity. STRONGkids (Screening Tool Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth), PYMS (Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score), and STAMP (Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics) were used. Results. Assessment of anthropometric indices (weight-for-height, BMI-for-age, and height-for-age Z-scores) indicated malnutrition in 5 to 15 children (4.8-14.3%), depending on the evaluation criteria. According to the screening results, all patients were classified as high and medium risk of malnutrition, and 94 (89.5%) children required nutritional care according to STRONGkids, 38 (36.2%) children – according to PYMS, and 104 (99%) children – according to STAMP. The most sensitive screening tool was STAMP with a sensitivity score of 89.5% as compared with STRONGkids and PYMS (21.1% and 31.6%, respectively). Conclusion. The results of this work demonstrate the advantages of the STAMP tool in assessing the nutritional status of children with neurological pathology, given its higher efficacy in this group of patients, and the need for further research to develop practical recommendations. Key words: children, nutrient deficiency, nutritional risk screening tools","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA: problems of conservation in expressed breast milk","authors":"S.N. Lavrentyev, A. S. Petrova, M. V. Kondratyev, A.S. Gryzunova, V.A. Krasnova, N. I. Zakharova, E. Kondratyeva, N. Odinaeva, A. Khavkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-81-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-81-88","url":null,"abstract":"This review focuses on the issues of preservation of the qualitative characteristics of expressed breast milk with different methods of its conservation. The separation of a mother from her child hospitalized in the intensive care unit due to severe neonatal pathology fundamentally changes the pattern of interaction in the mother-child dyad. The realization of breastfeeding, which is optimal for a newborn, is often complicated by a complex set of medical and social problems. At the same time, providing a child with expressed breast milk while maintaining lactation is a technical burden that is imposed on the staff of medical institutions, particularly the neonatal intensive care and nursing units. Today, many neonatal institutions have organized breastfeeding units with breast milk jars, which solves this problem, but current research on the composition of breast milk poses new challenges to practitioners in preserving the quality of breast milk. Discoveries made in the last decade point to a more expanded structure and profound impact of breast milk on the growth, maturation, and formation of organs and structures of the newborn. MicroRNA is one of the important biologically active molecules. These molecules mediate the expression of about 60% of human genes. The results obtained in recent decades suggest a direct and indirect effect of microRNAs on the formation and maturation of fetus in intrauterine and extrauterine conditions through the mother-to-child information transmission by breast milk. The preservation of these molecules during the conservation of breast milk represents a significant task that implies a deeper understanding of the interaction in the mother-infant system. Key words: newborns, microRNA, microbiota, exovesicles, breast milk storage, breastfeeding, expressing milk, storage technologies","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joubert syndrome in a child with Gilbert syndrome","authors":"E. Sergeeva, S.M. Chekh, M. G. Ipatova, P. Shumilov","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-88-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-88-93","url":null,"abstract":"Joubert syndrome is a heterogeneous disease from a group of ciliopathies that share a specific malformation of the midbrain and hindbrain, known as the «molar tooth sign» according to MRI of the brain. This article presents a clinical case of a rare hereditary disease – Joubert syndrome caused by mutations of C.610A>G in the OFD1 gene. The history of the disease was traced to the age of 6 years 9 months. Clinical manifestations of the disease in the patient since birth were jaundice, respiratory disorders, diffuse hypotonia, convergent strabismus, delayed physical and psychomotor development. After excluding the main groups of hereditary metabolic diseases, the patient underwent a brain MRI, where a specific anomaly of the cerebellar and brainstem structure, known as the «molar tooth sign», was revealed. Subsequently, the diagnosis was clarified by the molecular genetic method (Sanger sequencing). Key words: children, Joubert syndrome, ciliopathy, OFD1 gene","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current problems of nutrition in elderly and senile patients","authors":"S. Derbeneva, A. V. Pogozheva","doi":"10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-23-31","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a review of the literature devoted to the study of current nutritional problems among elderly and senile patients. Psychological, medical, and social factors provoking nutritional disorders in them are considered. They include a decline in physical function, visual and bite disorders, functional changes in the gastrointestinal tract, depression, dementia, isolation, etc. A scientific strategy for dealing with these factors, especially in the very old and socially isolated elderly people, is substantiated. Norms of physiological requirements in the main nutrients for the elderly and senile patients, developed according to the results of numerous research studies, are described. Emphasis is placed on the protein requirements for this group of patients, regarding which serious disputes are still ongoing in the scientific world. Key words: diet therapy, old age, sarcopenia, aging","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76688681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}