Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-76-82
V.S. Cherkasov, V. I. Popov, T. Nastausheva, O. Zhdanova
Objective. To assess infant and young child feeding practices from a local pediatrician’s perspective. Patients and methods. The empirical research based on a questionnaire survey of 50 local pediatric specialists in Voronezh children’s clinics was conducted. The questionnaire contained questions related to the issues of nutrition for children aged 0–3 years. Results. The analysis of survey results showed that the promotion of breastfeeding begins mostly during the prenatal period (60%). The questions related to artificial feeding arise among mothers from the birth of a child to 3 months of age (up to 50%); thereafter, their frequency decreases significantly (to 12%). Pediatricians do not always have enough time to talk to parents about principles for introducing complementary foods. Parents’ engagement in their child’s nutrition decreases after 1 year of age. Conclusion. Most respondents believe that the developed computer program will help to organize an adequate dietary plan for infants and young children. It will reduce the amount of time that specialists spend on pediatric nutrition counseling and draw parents’ attention to the issues of early childhood nutrition. Key words: infant and young child nutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, rickets prevention, nutrition calculation software
{"title":"Role of primary health care in infant and young child nutrition","authors":"V.S. Cherkasov, V. I. Popov, T. Nastausheva, O. Zhdanova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-76-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-76-82","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess infant and young child feeding practices from a local pediatrician’s perspective. Patients and methods. The empirical research based on a questionnaire survey of 50 local pediatric specialists in Voronezh children’s clinics was conducted. The questionnaire contained questions related to the issues of nutrition for children aged 0–3 years. Results. The analysis of survey results showed that the promotion of breastfeeding begins mostly during the prenatal period (60%). The questions related to artificial feeding arise among mothers from the birth of a child to 3 months of age (up to 50%); thereafter, their frequency decreases significantly (to 12%). Pediatricians do not always have enough time to talk to parents about principles for introducing complementary foods. Parents’ engagement in their child’s nutrition decreases after 1 year of age. Conclusion. Most respondents believe that the developed computer program will help to organize an adequate dietary plan for infants and young children. It will reduce the amount of time that specialists spend on pediatric nutrition counseling and draw parents’ attention to the issues of early childhood nutrition. Key words: infant and young child nutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, rickets prevention, nutrition calculation software","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-45-51
N. Evdokimova, V. Novikova, A. Khavkin
The human intestine is a complex ecosystem inhabited by bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses. However, the study of the intestinal microbiome attracts the most attention because of the abundance of bacteria. At the same time, given the diversity of microorganisms belonging to different kingdoms and coexisting in the same biotopes, studying only bacteria is a way to misunderstand the complexity of the processes occurring in the digestive tract. In this context, it is relevant to study the fungi inhabiting the digestive tract as participants in physiological and pathological processes in the host organism, as well as the therapeutic possibilities of individual representatives of the fungus kingdom. In this regard, of particular interest is Saccharomyces boulardii, a type of fungus that has a multifaceted effect on the human immune system, inhibiting the growth of bacterial pathogens and modulating the permeability of the digestive tract mucosa, which determines its active use as a probiotic in acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Key words: Saccharomyces boulardii, probiotics, inflammatory bowel diseases, diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome
{"title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae (boulardii) and the gut microbiota","authors":"N. Evdokimova, V. Novikova, A. Khavkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-45-51","url":null,"abstract":"The human intestine is a complex ecosystem inhabited by bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses. However, the study of the intestinal microbiome attracts the most attention because of the abundance of bacteria. At the same time, given the diversity of microorganisms belonging to different kingdoms and coexisting in the same biotopes, studying only bacteria is a way to misunderstand the complexity of the processes occurring in the digestive tract. In this context, it is relevant to study the fungi inhabiting the digestive tract as participants in physiological and pathological processes in the host organism, as well as the therapeutic possibilities of individual representatives of the fungus kingdom. In this regard, of particular interest is Saccharomyces boulardii, a type of fungus that has a multifaceted effect on the human immune system, inhibiting the growth of bacterial pathogens and modulating the permeability of the digestive tract mucosa, which determines its active use as a probiotic in acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Key words: Saccharomyces boulardii, probiotics, inflammatory bowel diseases, diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-36-44
T. Strokova, M. Bagaeva, E. Pavlovskaya, A. I. Zubovich, N. Taran, Z.A. Abdulmanapova
Cholestasis is associated with various chronic liver diseases both in childhood and in adulthood. Stagnation of bile and its insufficient secretion into the digestive tract cause malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Increased energy requirements and inadequate energy intake lead to eating disorders, which are especially dangerous in childhood. Weight and height deficits in children with cholestasis increase the risk of complications and accelerate the progression of the disease. A comprehensive assessment of nutritional status using all available methods allows timely initiation of correction of the detected disorders. This article presents current approaches to the diagnosis of nutritional status disorders and features of diet therapy in children with chronic liver diseases occurring with cholestasis. Key words: cholestasis, children, malabsorption, diet therapy, nutritional status
{"title":"Nutritional status in children with cholestasis: diagnostic approaches and correction possibilities","authors":"T. Strokova, M. Bagaeva, E. Pavlovskaya, A. I. Zubovich, N. Taran, Z.A. Abdulmanapova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-36-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-36-44","url":null,"abstract":"Cholestasis is associated with various chronic liver diseases both in childhood and in adulthood. Stagnation of bile and its insufficient secretion into the digestive tract cause malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Increased energy requirements and inadequate energy intake lead to eating disorders, which are especially dangerous in childhood. Weight and height deficits in children with cholestasis increase the risk of complications and accelerate the progression of the disease. A comprehensive assessment of nutritional status using all available methods allows timely initiation of correction of the detected disorders. This article presents current approaches to the diagnosis of nutritional status disorders and features of diet therapy in children with chronic liver diseases occurring with cholestasis. Key words: cholestasis, children, malabsorption, diet therapy, nutritional status","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-3-5-11
N. Smolko, R. Fayzullina, Y. Mukhamedshina
Objective. To study the effect of nutrition and psychopathological traits on the development of eating behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Patients and methods. A comparative analysis of the features of nutrition and eating behavior in 40 children with ASD and 40 neurotypical controls was performed. Two patient groups were comparable in age (3–8 years). The methods used to assess nutrition included retrospective dietary recall, analysis of the frequency of consumption of specific foods or meals, and a 24-hour dietary recall survey. For retrospective analysis of children’s nutrition, we developed a questionnaire for parents, considering the characteristics of eating behavior in both children with ASD and neurotypical controls. Results. The introduction of first complementary foods in children with ASD did not differ significantly from neurotypical controls. The first peculiarities of eating behavior in children with ASD began to manifest themselves when trying to expand the variety of complementary foods. In 57.5% of children with ASD, clear disorders of eating behavior coincided with the onset of regression in neuropsychological development. There appeared food selectivity (in 72.5% of children with ASD), picky eating (in 22.5%), gagging at the sight, consistency, and color of food (in 42.5%) and a limited range of foods (in 70%), which was practically impossible to expand. The nutrition of children in the control group was diverse. They were interested in new tastes and consistency of foods, and food selectivity was noticed only in 16.7% of cases and was not so categorical. An attempt to influence the health status of children with ASD, primarily to reduce psychomotor agitation, was manifested in the use of elimination diets (gluten-free and/or casein-free) in 37.5% of children with ASD, which demonstrated a positive effect in most children. However, the indications for their use and duration were commonly not coordinated with a physician, which created a risk of deterioration in children’s health. Conclusion. Eating disorders are not always noticed by specialists in time and require special attention, as they can be both symptoms of ASD and contribute to disease aggravation. Refusal of children with ASD from previously consumed foods, selectivity, and picky eating commonly coincide with regression in neuropsychological development. The use of gluten-free and/or casein-free elimination diets in children with ASD should be justified. Restricted and unbalanced diets prescribed by parents without medical supervision may exacerbate the nutritional and health problems in children with ASD. Key words: autism spectrum disorder, children, eating behavior, nutrition, gluten-free diet, casein-free diet
{"title":"Features of eating behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"N. Smolko, R. Fayzullina, Y. Mukhamedshina","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-3-5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-3-5-11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the effect of nutrition and psychopathological traits on the development of eating behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Patients and methods. A comparative analysis of the features of nutrition and eating behavior in 40 children with ASD and 40 neurotypical controls was performed. Two patient groups were comparable in age (3–8 years). The methods used to assess nutrition included retrospective dietary recall, analysis of the frequency of consumption of specific foods or meals, and a 24-hour dietary recall survey. For retrospective analysis of children’s nutrition, we developed a questionnaire for parents, considering the characteristics of eating behavior in both children with ASD and neurotypical controls. Results. The introduction of first complementary foods in children with ASD did not differ significantly from neurotypical controls. The first peculiarities of eating behavior in children with ASD began to manifest themselves when trying to expand the variety of complementary foods. In 57.5% of children with ASD, clear disorders of eating behavior coincided with the onset of regression in neuropsychological development. There appeared food selectivity (in 72.5% of children with ASD), picky eating (in 22.5%), gagging at the sight, consistency, and color of food (in 42.5%) and a limited range of foods (in 70%), which was practically impossible to expand. The nutrition of children in the control group was diverse. They were interested in new tastes and consistency of foods, and food selectivity was noticed only in 16.7% of cases and was not so categorical. An attempt to influence the health status of children with ASD, primarily to reduce psychomotor agitation, was manifested in the use of elimination diets (gluten-free and/or casein-free) in 37.5% of children with ASD, which demonstrated a positive effect in most children. However, the indications for their use and duration were commonly not coordinated with a physician, which created a risk of deterioration in children’s health. Conclusion. Eating disorders are not always noticed by specialists in time and require special attention, as they can be both symptoms of ASD and contribute to disease aggravation. Refusal of children with ASD from previously consumed foods, selectivity, and picky eating commonly coincide with regression in neuropsychological development. The use of gluten-free and/or casein-free elimination diets in children with ASD should be justified. Restricted and unbalanced diets prescribed by parents without medical supervision may exacerbate the nutritional and health problems in children with ASD. Key words: autism spectrum disorder, children, eating behavior, nutrition, gluten-free diet, casein-free diet","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67718322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-32-44
N. Shapovalova, V. Novikova, E. Yablokova, E. Loshkova, M. I. Erokhina, E. V. Chibrina, E. Kondratyeva, A. Khavkin
The aim of this review was to highlight current approaches to the diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity. A literature search was performed in PubMed, NCBI (National Library of Medicine), Scopus, and Embase databases using the following key words: “non-celiac gluten sensitivity”, “non-celiac wheat sensitivity” combined with “diagnostics”, “biomarkers”. The selection criteria used were English, human research, and clinical trials. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included in the study. The disadvantages of the currently available diagnostic protocol, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, were presented, among them the difficulties of differential diagnosis in the first step and the problems of gluten provocation in the second. Potential biomarkers were introduced, the determination of which may eventually become an alternative to the current approach. Key words: celiac disease, gluten intolerance, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, wheat allergy, gluten
本综述的目的是强调目前诊断非乳糜泻麸质敏感性的方法。在PubMed、NCBI (National Library of Medicine)、Scopus和Embase数据库中检索相关文献，检索关键词为:“非乳糜泻麸质敏感性”、“非乳糜泻小麦敏感性”结合“诊断”、“生物标志物”。选择标准为英语、人体研究和临床试验。只有发表在同行评议期刊上的文章被纳入研究。目前可用的诊断方案，双盲，安慰剂对照研究的缺点，其中包括在第一步鉴别诊断的困难和在第二步麸质激发的问题。介绍了潜在的生物标志物，确定哪些可能最终成为当前方法的替代方法。关键词:乳糜泻，麸质不耐症，非麸质敏感，小麦过敏，麸质
{"title":"Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: approaches to differential diagnosis and potential biomarkers","authors":"N. Shapovalova, V. Novikova, E. Yablokova, E. Loshkova, M. I. Erokhina, E. V. Chibrina, E. Kondratyeva, A. Khavkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-32-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-32-44","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review was to highlight current approaches to the diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity. A literature search was performed in PubMed, NCBI (National Library of Medicine), Scopus, and Embase databases using the following key words: “non-celiac gluten sensitivity”, “non-celiac wheat sensitivity” combined with “diagnostics”, “biomarkers”. The selection criteria used were English, human research, and clinical trials. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included in the study. The disadvantages of the currently available diagnostic protocol, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, were presented, among them the difficulties of differential diagnosis in the first step and the problems of gluten provocation in the second. Potential biomarkers were introduced, the determination of which may eventually become an alternative to the current approach. Key words: celiac disease, gluten intolerance, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, wheat allergy, gluten","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-45-52
E. Pyrieva, E. A. Netunaeva, M. A. Gurchenkova
Obesity is one of the most significant non-communicable diseases of our time. Among the key causes of its development is the stereotype of modern human diet with its inherent excessive intake of “critical” nutrients, in particular simple carbohydrates. The possibility of reducing the consumption of added sugars by replacing them with non-nutritive sweeteners is discussed, including in the organization of child nutrition. The interest in non-nutritive sweeteners stems from their lack of energy value and glycemic index while being able to provide a sweet taste. This article presents a review of the literature on the use of sweeteners in the diet of children and adolescents. The current classification of sweeteners, their physical and chemical properties, data of clinical studies on the effectiveness of using non-nutritive sweeteners in the diet of children and adolescents, including their influence on eating behavior, metabolism, and body weight dynamics, are presented. Nowadays most authors consider it inappropriate to include non-nutritive sweeteners in the diet of healthy children, which is reflected in domestic and international recommendations. The efficacy and safety of using non-nutritive sweeteners in children’s diets require further controlled scientific studies involving large groups of children Key words: obesity, sweeteners, children, body weight
{"title":"Sugars and sweeteners in children’s diets","authors":"E. Pyrieva, E. A. Netunaeva, M. A. Gurchenkova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-45-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-45-52","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is one of the most significant non-communicable diseases of our time. Among the key causes of its development is the stereotype of modern human diet with its inherent excessive intake of “critical” nutrients, in particular simple carbohydrates. The possibility of reducing the consumption of added sugars by replacing them with non-nutritive sweeteners is discussed, including in the organization of child nutrition. The interest in non-nutritive sweeteners stems from their lack of energy value and glycemic index while being able to provide a sweet taste. This article presents a review of the literature on the use of sweeteners in the diet of children and adolescents. The current classification of sweeteners, their physical and chemical properties, data of clinical studies on the effectiveness of using non-nutritive sweeteners in the diet of children and adolescents, including their influence on eating behavior, metabolism, and body weight dynamics, are presented. Nowadays most authors consider it inappropriate to include non-nutritive sweeteners in the diet of healthy children, which is reflected in domestic and international recommendations. The efficacy and safety of using non-nutritive sweeteners in children’s diets require further controlled scientific studies involving large groups of children Key words: obesity, sweeteners, children, body weight","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-26-35
A. Shestopalov, D. Savchuk, E. Teplyakova, V. Shin, T. Grigoryeva, A. Senina, E. Kupriyanova, A. Rumyantsev, A. M. Gaponov, S. Rumyantsev
Objective. To describe the features of the taxonomic composition and alpha diversity of the gut microbiota in children and adolescents suffering from exogenous constitutional obesity and to establish the effect of the feeding type in the first year of life on these parameters. Patients and methods. This prospective single-stage study enrolled 188 children and adolescents aged 13.1 ± 4.1 (10–18) years, including healthy volunteers (n = 96) and patients with exogenous obesity (n = 92). A metagenomic analysis of gut microbial communities depending on the type of feeding in the first year of life was performed. The study of DNA extracted from stool samples was carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3–V4 regions). Results. In the gut microbiome of obese children as compared with healthy ones, there was a statistically significant decrease in the content of Bacteroidetes phylum (35.36% vs 39.44%) and Proteobacteria (1.99% vs 2.53%) and an increase in the Firmicutes phylum (53.95% vs 49.29%) and alpha diversity indices (p < 0,05 for Chao1, Shannon, Simpson indices, number of OTUs). Healthy children who were fed artificially during their first year of life showed a statistically significant decrease in diversity indices of the gut microbiota in comparison with breastfed children. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the importance of the feeding type over the first year of life in the development of the gut microbial diversity and indicate the long-term maintenance of the effect of this factor up to adolescence. Key words: obesity, gut microbiota, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, breastfeeding, 16S rRNA
目标。描述外源性体质性肥胖儿童和青少年肠道微生物群的分类组成和α多样性特征，并确定1岁时喂养方式对这些参数的影响。患者和方法。这项前瞻性单阶段研究纳入188名年龄为13.1±4.1(10-18)岁的儿童和青少年，包括健康志愿者(n = 96)和外源性肥胖患者(n = 92)。根据第一年的喂养类型对肠道微生物群落进行宏基因组分析。采用16S rRNA基因测序(V3-V4区)对粪便样本提取的DNA进行研究。结果。与健康儿童相比，肥胖儿童肠道菌群中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)含量(35.36% vs 39.44%)和变形菌门(1.99% vs 2.53%)显著降低，厚壁菌门(53.95% vs 49.29%)和α多样性指数(Chao1、Shannon、Simpson指数、OTUs数p < 0.05)显著升高。与母乳喂养的儿童相比，第一年人工喂养的健康儿童肠道微生物群多样性指数在统计上显著下降。结论。所获得的结果表明，在生命的第一年，喂养方式对肠道微生物多样性的发展至关重要，并表明这一因素的影响将长期维持到青春期。关键词:肥胖，肠道菌群，拟杆菌门，厚壁菌门，母乳喂养，16S rRNA
{"title":"Influence of feeding type on gut microbiome in children and adolescents","authors":"A. Shestopalov, D. Savchuk, E. Teplyakova, V. Shin, T. Grigoryeva, A. Senina, E. Kupriyanova, A. Rumyantsev, A. M. Gaponov, S. Rumyantsev","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-26-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-1-26-35","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To describe the features of the taxonomic composition and alpha diversity of the gut microbiota in children and adolescents suffering from exogenous constitutional obesity and to establish the effect of the feeding type in the first year of life on these parameters. Patients and methods. This prospective single-stage study enrolled 188 children and adolescents aged 13.1 ± 4.1 (10–18) years, including healthy volunteers (n = 96) and patients with exogenous obesity (n = 92). A metagenomic analysis of gut microbial communities depending on the type of feeding in the first year of life was performed. The study of DNA extracted from stool samples was carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3–V4 regions). Results. In the gut microbiome of obese children as compared with healthy ones, there was a statistically significant decrease in the content of Bacteroidetes phylum (35.36% vs 39.44%) and Proteobacteria (1.99% vs 2.53%) and an increase in the Firmicutes phylum (53.95% vs 49.29%) and alpha diversity indices (p < 0,05 for Chao1, Shannon, Simpson indices, number of OTUs). Healthy children who were fed artificially during their first year of life showed a statistically significant decrease in diversity indices of the gut microbiota in comparison with breastfed children. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the importance of the feeding type over the first year of life in the development of the gut microbial diversity and indicate the long-term maintenance of the effect of this factor up to adolescence. Key words: obesity, gut microbiota, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, breastfeeding, 16S rRNA","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-3-17-21
M. Dubrovskaya, E. Gryaznova, A. Turchinskaya, A. Chak, T. Kovtun
Objective. To compare the results of an online survey of mothers of children aged 0–12 months and outpatient observation of children of the same age using a parental questionnaire for the identification of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) according to the Rome IV criteria. Patients and methods. A total of 387 questionnaires completed by mothers of children aged 0–12 months were analyzed, as well as the results of observation of 61 children performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Results. Analysis of the results of an online survey of mothers of children aged 0–12 months and observation of children of the same age revealed no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of FGIDs between these groups. The prevalence of regurgitation, infant colic, and dyschezia gradually decreased by 12 months of age in contrast to constipation, which debuted at the age of 3 months and by 12 months occurred with a prevalence of up to 14.9 and 8.2%, according to questionnaires completed by mothers and outpatient examinations, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The results indicate the potential use of online surveys of mothers as a screening diagnostic tool for FGIDs in children of early age. Key words: children, functional gastrointestinal disorders, Rome IV Criteria, online survey, regurgitation, colic, dyschezia, constipation, first year of life
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the results of an online survey of mothers and outpatient observation of children in the first year of life with functional gastrointestinal disorders","authors":"M. Dubrovskaya, E. Gryaznova, A. Turchinskaya, A. Chak, T. Kovtun","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-3-17-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-3-17-21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To compare the results of an online survey of mothers of children aged 0–12 months and outpatient observation of children of the same age using a parental questionnaire for the identification of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) according to the Rome IV criteria. Patients and methods. A total of 387 questionnaires completed by mothers of children aged 0–12 months were analyzed, as well as the results of observation of 61 children performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Results. Analysis of the results of an online survey of mothers of children aged 0–12 months and observation of children of the same age revealed no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of FGIDs between these groups. The prevalence of regurgitation, infant colic, and dyschezia gradually decreased by 12 months of age in contrast to constipation, which debuted at the age of 3 months and by 12 months occurred with a prevalence of up to 14.9 and 8.2%, according to questionnaires completed by mothers and outpatient examinations, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The results indicate the potential use of online surveys of mothers as a screening diagnostic tool for FGIDs in children of early age. Key words: children, functional gastrointestinal disorders, Rome IV Criteria, online survey, regurgitation, colic, dyschezia, constipation, first year of life","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67718698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-24-31
A. Khavkin, V. Novikova, M.O. Tsepilova, K.D. Polyakova
To date, there have been sufficient data and information on the role of breast milk in nutrition, functional development of the newborn and the formation of immune responses. However, the influence of various factors on the component composition of breast milk remains poorly understood. This review presents data on the qualitative and quantitative changes in various organic and inorganic compounds in breast milk depending on the degree of prematurity of the newborn. In preterm birth and early onset of lactation, activation of the sialic acid production system may result in increased production of sialylated oligosaccharides involved in nervous system development. There are also contradictions in the information concerning the antioxidant content in breast milk. Some reports suggest that the milk of women who gave birth prematurely contains more antioxidants than that of women who gave birth at term. In contrast, other studies demonstrate a lower overall antioxidant function of breast milk in the early stages of lactation. Epidermal growth factor plays a significant role in providing protection against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, and necrotizing enterocolitis. This article reviews domestic and foreign literature for the period 2012–2022 and aims to systematize the information on the composition of breast milk in women who gave birth at term and prematurely. Key words: breast milk, composition, preterm infants, full-term infants
{"title":"Current understanding of breast milk component composition in women who gave birth prematurely and at term","authors":"A. Khavkin, V. Novikova, M.O. Tsepilova, K.D. Polyakova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-24-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-24-31","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there have been sufficient data and information on the role of breast milk in nutrition, functional development of the newborn and the formation of immune responses. However, the influence of various factors on the component composition of breast milk remains poorly understood. This review presents data on the qualitative and quantitative changes in various organic and inorganic compounds in breast milk depending on the degree of prematurity of the newborn. In preterm birth and early onset of lactation, activation of the sialic acid production system may result in increased production of sialylated oligosaccharides involved in nervous system development. There are also contradictions in the information concerning the antioxidant content in breast milk. Some reports suggest that the milk of women who gave birth prematurely contains more antioxidants than that of women who gave birth at term. In contrast, other studies demonstrate a lower overall antioxidant function of breast milk in the early stages of lactation. Epidermal growth factor plays a significant role in providing protection against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, and necrotizing enterocolitis. This article reviews domestic and foreign literature for the period 2012–2022 and aims to systematize the information on the composition of breast milk in women who gave birth at term and prematurely. Key words: breast milk, composition, preterm infants, full-term infants","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"875 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-70-76
G. Azizova, A. Kamilova, Z. E. Umarnazarova, D. Abdullaeva, S. Geller, N. Azimova
The possibility of a causal relationship between gluten intake and the development of symptoms in the absence of celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy (WA) has recently gained new scientific interest and includes a condition known as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). To date, NCGS has been widely described in adults, whereas there is little information about this pathology in pediatric practice. This article presents a clinical case of NCGS in a 6-year-old girl who was admitted to the gastroenterology department of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics (Republic of Uzbekistan) with complaints of abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, liquid stools, headaches, and fatigue. The complaints appeared 5 months before hospitalization. Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase IgA were within reference ranges, specific IgE antibodies to wheat and gluten were not elevated. A biopsy from the distal duodenum revealed Marsh-Oberhuber 1 lesions. The patient was switched to a gluten-free diet (GFD) with suspected NCGS. At week 4 of the diet, an improvement was noted, but abdominal bloating persisted. An intolerance to components such as fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) was suspected. The use of the FODMAP diet significantly improved the condition. The reintroduction of gluten after 6 weeks resulted in a recurrence of symptoms, confirming the diagnosis of NCGS. Given that the number of gluten-related diseases is increasing, and not much is known about NCGS, we decided to present this case to raise awareness and questions regarding diagnosis, the need for specific monitoring, and treatment. Key words: FODMAP, gluten, children, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, celiac disease
{"title":"Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a diagnostic challenge in pediatrics","authors":"G. Azizova, A. Kamilova, Z. E. Umarnazarova, D. Abdullaeva, S. Geller, N. Azimova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-70-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2023-2-70-76","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of a causal relationship between gluten intake and the development of symptoms in the absence of celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy (WA) has recently gained new scientific interest and includes a condition known as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). To date, NCGS has been widely described in adults, whereas there is little information about this pathology in pediatric practice. This article presents a clinical case of NCGS in a 6-year-old girl who was admitted to the gastroenterology department of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics (Republic of Uzbekistan) with complaints of abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, liquid stools, headaches, and fatigue. The complaints appeared 5 months before hospitalization. Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase IgA were within reference ranges, specific IgE antibodies to wheat and gluten were not elevated. A biopsy from the distal duodenum revealed Marsh-Oberhuber 1 lesions. The patient was switched to a gluten-free diet (GFD) with suspected NCGS. At week 4 of the diet, an improvement was noted, but abdominal bloating persisted. An intolerance to components such as fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) was suspected. The use of the FODMAP diet significantly improved the condition. The reintroduction of gluten after 6 weeks resulted in a recurrence of symptoms, confirming the diagnosis of NCGS. Given that the number of gluten-related diseases is increasing, and not much is known about NCGS, we decided to present this case to raise awareness and questions regarding diagnosis, the need for specific monitoring, and treatment. Key words: FODMAP, gluten, children, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, celiac disease","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67718420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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