Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-39-52
Alexander A. Sysolyatin
The article analyses relation between the central character of “Thus spoke Zarathustra” and associated female characters, which could be nominally indicated as “Zarathustra’s beloved ones”. The author examines several sets of characters, inside which intrinsic solitude of Zarathustra becomes disclosed through the relation to female characters. Such a disclosure is thematized in Nietzsche’s text as love. Pursued the comparison of these characters to other female characters from Nietzsche’s unpublished writings and his poems, chronologically preceding the edition of “Thus spoke Zarathustra”. On the basis of these texts formulated the difference between two value positions, defined as “masculine” and “feminine”. Despite of the fact, that in the majority of sets these positions are divided between distinct characters, Zarathustra displays simultaneously elements of both positions, which makes it possible to indicate him as a complicated, male-female character.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-2-69-81
V. V. Starovoitov
The article deals with the psychodynamic theory of the development of the individual in his personal relationships created by the English psychoanalyst and psychiatrist D. Winnicott. Winnicott created a special model of the intersubjective approach in clinical psychoanalysis. According to this approach, the studied subject, considered in the context of its culture, is largely determined by the past history of its development. Winnicott believed that a third area, the cultural experience of mankind, should be added to the other two areas explored in psychoanalytic theory: the inner psychic reality of the individual and the real world and the people living in it. His studies of childhood, in which he studied the relationship of the infant with the mother, the phenomenon of the transitional object, the role and influence of play in therapeutic work, etc., are particularly well known. According to the author of the article, Winnicott's study of the earliest experiences of the infant, due to the primary connection “mother-baby”, gave rise to the ideas that have become key to understanding these deepest levels of mental life.
{"title":"Psychoanalytical Theory of Child Development by D. Winnicott","authors":"V. V. Starovoitov","doi":"10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-2-69-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-2-69-81","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the psychodynamic theory of the development of the individual in his personal relationships created by the English psychoanalyst and psychiatrist D. Winnicott. Winnicott created a special model of the intersubjective approach in clinical psychoanalysis. According to this approach, the studied subject, considered in the context of its culture, is largely determined by the past history of its development. Winnicott believed that a third area, the cultural experience of mankind, should be added to the other two areas explored in psychoanalytic theory: the inner psychic reality of the individual and the real world and the people living in it. His studies of childhood, in which he studied the relationship of the infant with the mother, the phenomenon of the transitional object, the role and influence of play in therapeutic work, etc., are particularly well known. According to the author of the article, Winnicott's study of the earliest experiences of the infant, due to the primary connection “mother-baby”, gave rise to the ideas that have become key to understanding these deepest levels of mental life.","PeriodicalId":53558,"journal":{"name":"History of Philosophy Quarterly","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82560760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-2-25-34
A. Tsygankov, T. Obolevitch
The article reconstructs the first stage of reception in the Netherlands of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s literary heritage in the late 19th century. The translations, as well as the reception, were originally inspired by the recognition of the writer in Germany and France rather than by the impact of the Russian cultural tradition itself. Attention is also paid to the writings of the “father of Dutch Slavic studies” Nicolaas van Wijk, from 1913 the chair of Slavonic and Baltic languages at Leiden University. His specific “prism” has been of help in understanding the work of the writer as a projection of the Russian people specific spirituality.
本文重建了19世纪末荷兰对陀思妥耶夫斯基文学遗产第一阶段的接受。这些译作以及人们对他的接受，最初是受到德国和法国对这位作家的认可的启发，而不是受到俄罗斯文化传统本身的影响。该书还关注了“荷兰斯拉夫研究之父”尼古拉斯·范·维克(Nicolaas van Wijk)的著作，他从1913年起担任莱顿大学斯拉夫语和波罗的海语系主任。他独特的“棱镜”有助于理解作家的作品作为俄罗斯人民特定精神的投射。
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-5-12
V. J. Darenskiy
The article examines the paradoxes of the concept of “natural religion” by D. Hume, which arose as a result of his application of the method of radical skepticism to the subjects of religious faith. It is shown that the analysis of D. Hume is a movement from the original theses of a skeptical nature – to theses that coincide with traditional views. The main paradox of his concept is that the impossibility of rational proofs of knowledge of anything (including knowledge of the existence of God) leads to the fact that the basic epistemological category of D. Hume is the category of faith (belief). This, in turn, leads to the disappearance of fundamental differences between what is commonly called “positive” (scientific) knowledge and religious faith. Moreover, in this case, it is religious faith that turns out to be a kind of “model” of any knowledge as such. The merit of D. Hume in clarifying this question is that he clearly pointed out the illegality of separating the representation from the judgment and conclusion in acts of knowledge – and returning reflection to their primary unity in the real experience of consciousness.
{"title":"Epistemology of “Natural Religion” by D. Hume: Hidden Paradoxes","authors":"V. J. Darenskiy","doi":"10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-5-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-5-12","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the paradoxes of the concept of “natural religion” by D. Hume, which arose as a result of his application of the method of radical skepticism to the subjects of religious faith. It is shown that the analysis of D. Hume is a movement from the original theses of a skeptical nature – to theses that coincide with traditional views. The main paradox of his concept is that the impossibility of rational proofs of knowledge of anything (including knowledge of the existence of God) leads to the fact that the basic epistemological category of D. Hume is the category of faith (belief). This, in turn, leads to the disappearance of fundamental differences between what is commonly called “positive” (scientific) knowledge and religious faith. Moreover, in this case, it is religious faith that turns out to be a kind of “model” of any knowledge as such. The merit of D. Hume in clarifying this question is that he clearly pointed out the illegality of separating the representation from the judgment and conclusion in acts of knowledge – and returning reflection to their primary unity in the real experience of consciousness.","PeriodicalId":53558,"journal":{"name":"History of Philosophy Quarterly","volume":"33 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87666187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-2-114-126
A. Kara-Murza
Exploring the genesis of the search for social ideal one finds it in the late XVIII century writers – Prince Andrey I. Vyazemsky and historian Nicolay M. Karamzin. Both were «involuntary travelers», shunning anti-Masonic persecution launched by Catherine the Great. The surviving entries of Vyazemsky in his diary are extremely fragmentary, while Karamzin’s «Letters of the Russian Traveler » give us a rich and in many respects unexplored source if historical information. This philosophical travelogue, among other things, is an exposition of types of European regimes (German, Swiss, French, English) as a kind of competitive «social ideals». Karamzin elects Switzerland and in England, as the countries he loved from his youth. The author arrives at conclusion that, perceiving merits and demerits of social structures, Karamzin kept thinking that Russia, being European and Christian country, was capable of creating a harmonious society based on its own traditions.
{"title":"«Political Freedom» versus «Freedom from Politics»: Karamzin’s European Wanderings as a Prototype of the Russian Search for the Social Ideal","authors":"A. Kara-Murza","doi":"10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-2-114-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-2-114-126","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring the genesis of the search for social ideal one finds it in the late XVIII century writers – Prince Andrey I. Vyazemsky and historian Nicolay M. Karamzin. Both were «involuntary travelers», shunning anti-Masonic persecution launched by Catherine the Great. The surviving entries of Vyazemsky in his diary are extremely fragmentary, while Karamzin’s «Letters of the Russian Traveler » give us a rich and in many respects unexplored source if historical information. This philosophical travelogue, among other things, is an exposition of types of European regimes (German, Swiss, French, English) as a kind of competitive «social ideals». Karamzin elects Switzerland and in England, as the countries he loved from his youth. The author arrives at conclusion that, perceiving merits and demerits of social structures, Karamzin kept thinking that Russia, being European and Christian country, was capable of creating a harmonious society based on its own traditions.","PeriodicalId":53558,"journal":{"name":"History of Philosophy Quarterly","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87355592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5406/21521026.38.1.05
P. Antich
Commentators have argued that disjunctivism, from a phenomenological perspective, is the most coherent response to certain skeptical concerns. They find two phenomenological beliefs in tension: that intentionality is transcendent and that perceptions and hallucinations have a similar intentional content. While not ruling out a disjunctivist phenomenology, I show that phenomenologists are not forced into disjunctivism in order to avoid skeptical problems posed by hallucination. Instead, Merleau-Ponty's approach to the horizonal structure of experience supports a novel nondisjunctivist solution: first, by distinguishing proximate from ultimate objects of experience; second, by showing how every experience “belongs” to the world.
{"title":"Why Phenomenology Doesn't Need Disjunctivism: Merleau-Ponty on Intentionality and Transcendence","authors":"P. Antich","doi":"10.5406/21521026.38.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21521026.38.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Commentators have argued that disjunctivism, from a phenomenological perspective, is the most coherent response to certain skeptical concerns. They find two phenomenological beliefs in tension: that intentionality is transcendent and that perceptions and hallucinations have a similar intentional content. While not ruling out a disjunctivist phenomenology, I show that phenomenologists are not forced into disjunctivism in order to avoid skeptical problems posed by hallucination. Instead, Merleau-Ponty's approach to the horizonal structure of experience supports a novel nondisjunctivist solution: first, by distinguishing proximate from ultimate objects of experience; second, by showing how every experience “belongs” to the world.","PeriodicalId":53558,"journal":{"name":"History of Philosophy Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42269999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5406/21521026.38.1.02
M. Taylor
In two places, Nicolas Malebranche makes a strange moral argument that he presents as an advantage of his occasionalist metaphysics. Because God is the only true cause, every choice of sin can only be given causality by God's power. Every sinner, therefore, profanely forces God to serve sin; to avoid such sacrelige, the occasionalist has extra reason to avoid sin. My analysis of Malebranche's reasoning shows how this initially perplexing argument does indeed work and, in fact, provides a useful example of how several distinct pieces of his philosophical theology come together to form a surprisingly cohesive argument.
{"title":"Making Sense of Malebranche's Occasionalist Argument for Living Morally","authors":"M. Taylor","doi":"10.5406/21521026.38.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21521026.38.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In two places, Nicolas Malebranche makes a strange moral argument that he presents as an advantage of his occasionalist metaphysics. Because God is the only true cause, every choice of sin can only be given causality by God's power. Every sinner, therefore, profanely forces God to serve sin; to avoid such sacrelige, the occasionalist has extra reason to avoid sin. My analysis of Malebranche's reasoning shows how this initially perplexing argument does indeed work and, in fact, provides a useful example of how several distinct pieces of his philosophical theology come together to form a surprisingly cohesive argument.","PeriodicalId":53558,"journal":{"name":"History of Philosophy Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45043014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-139-144
K. Khan
The review presents the recently published monograph of Ivan Kurilovich “French neohegelianism: J. Wahl, A. Koyré, A. Kojève and J. Hyppolite in search of a unified phenomenology of Hegel – Husserl – Heidegger”. The book is dedicated to the history of the reception of the Hegel’s ideas in France in 1920–1960s. I. Kurilovich suggests his overview of the development of neo-hegelianism in its interconnection with the phenomenology, he analyses different versions and interpretative strategies on Hegel’s legacy: the theory of “malheur de la conscience” by J. Wahl, the epistemological framework suggested by A. Koyré, the phenomenologically-oriented interpretation of “Hegel – Heidegger” by A. Kojève, and the historical-philosophical reconstruction of Hegelian philosophy by J. Hyppolite. I. Kurilovich demonstrates the significant results of the interference between the ideas of Hegel and Husserl, Hegel and Heidegger. He problematizes the historical and philosophical concept of neo-hegelianism as such and demonstrates its ambiguity, as well as the lack of the direct intellectual lineage of its representatives. The book provides an opportunity to work with well-structured and informative historical content, which includes biographies and philosophical views, and gives a sophisticated view on the “conflict of interpretations” of Hegelian philosophy, suggested by J. Wahl, A. Koyré, A. Kojève and J. Hyppolite.
本文介绍了Ivan Kurilovich最近出版的专著《法国新黑格尔主义:J. Wahl, a . koyr， a . koj和J. Hyppolite:寻找黑格尔-胡塞尔-海德格尔的统一现象学》。这本书致力于1920 - 60年代法国接受黑格尔思想的历史。库里洛维奇概述了新黑格尔主义与现象学之间的联系，分析了黑格尔遗产的不同版本和解释策略:瓦尔的“良心之心”理论、科伊罗尔斯提出的认识论框架、科伊夫对“黑格尔-海德格尔”的现象学导向解释以及Hyppolite对黑格尔哲学的历史哲学重建。库里洛维奇论证了黑格尔与胡塞尔、黑格尔与海德格尔的思想相互干扰的重要结果。他对新黑格尔主义的历史和哲学概念提出了质疑，并证明了其模糊性，以及其代表缺乏直接的智力血统。这本书提供了一个机会，以良好的结构和信息丰富的历史内容，其中包括传记和哲学观点，并给出了一个复杂的观点，对黑格尔哲学的“解释冲突”，由J.瓦尔，a . koyr， a . koj和J. Hyppolite提出。
{"title":"French Neo-Hegelianism in Four Acts","authors":"K. Khan","doi":"10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-139-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-139-144","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents the recently published monograph of Ivan Kurilovich “French neohegelianism: J. Wahl, A. Koyré, A. Kojève and J. Hyppolite in search of a unified phenomenology of Hegel – Husserl – Heidegger”. The book is dedicated to the history of the reception of the Hegel’s ideas in France in 1920–1960s. I. Kurilovich suggests his overview of the development of neo-hegelianism in its interconnection with the phenomenology, he analyses different versions and interpretative strategies on Hegel’s legacy: the theory of “malheur de la conscience” by J. Wahl, the epistemological framework suggested by A. Koyré, the phenomenologically-oriented interpretation of “Hegel – Heidegger” by A. Kojève, and the historical-philosophical reconstruction of Hegelian philosophy by J. Hyppolite. I. Kurilovich demonstrates the significant results of the interference between the ideas of Hegel and Husserl, Hegel and Heidegger. He problematizes the historical and philosophical concept of neo-hegelianism as such and demonstrates its ambiguity, as well as the lack of the direct intellectual lineage of its representatives. The book provides an opportunity to work with well-structured and informative historical content, which includes biographies and philosophical views, and gives a sophisticated view on the “conflict of interpretations” of Hegelian philosophy, suggested by J. Wahl, A. Koyré, A. Kojève and J. Hyppolite.","PeriodicalId":53558,"journal":{"name":"History of Philosophy Quarterly","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84456275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-122-138
Kirill A. Martemianov
The article considers the influence of Dostoevsky’s thought to the philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev and S.L. Frank. The crucial concept and experience of “living knowledge” and its anticipation in Dostoevsky’s heritage are discussed. Given that the problem of “living knowledge” overpasses the boundaries of pure gnoseology, we examines themes of ethical ideal, the meaning of religious belief and its existential significance. Besides that, in the article are presented three interrelated projects of theodicy in the Russian philosophy of 20th century (by N.A. Berdyaev, B.P. Vysheslavtsev and S.L. Frank). All of these projects are grounded in Dostoevsky’s thought. The supplement to the article consists of the first Russian translation of N.A. Arsenyev’s lecture “The central inspiration of Dostoevsky”.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-2-46-56
L. Karelova
The name of Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950) is still not so widely known outside of Japan. At the same time, he belongs to those outstanding Japanese thinkers of the first half of the twentieth century, who not only introduced to their compatriots the history of Western philosophy, but also acted as generators of original concepts created on the basis of deep critical understanding of the Western intellectual heritage. The article deals with the reconstruction of Seiichi Hatano’s theory of time, formulated in his monograph “Time and Eternity” (1943), which crowned his creative career. The starting point of Hatano’s philosophy of time were studies of the basic human experience, which he interpreted in terms of the flow of life and the interaction of the Self and the Other. The subject of the Japanese thinker’s special interest was the problem of overcoming temporality. Hatano’s original contribution to the theory of time was the creation of the three-fold scheme of temporality, considered on the main levels of life – natural, cultural, and religious, conclusions about the divergence of time at the natural and cultural levels, and the idea that the past in history is governed by the perspective of the future.
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