This study examines the heterogeneity of the effects of the joint and several liability systems of microfinance in Mongolia. The heterogeneity was examined from three perspectives: consumption, repayment rate, and income. In terms of business income and business expenditure, the older the household, the greater the number of loans, and the more private businesses the household owns, the greater the business expenditure. For household consumption, there is no difference between group and individual lending except in the number of private businesses, but when we restrict the analysis to food consumption, group lending increases food consumption more for households with more than one borrower and borrowers with longer borrowing periods. While more variable heterogeneity was found for the whole sample, only age and borrowing duration were found to affect household income across different types of microfinance for the poorest households with below median household income. The results of this study suggest that even if there was no significant difference in each attribute between the treatment and control groups, joint and several liabilities may or may not be effective depending on the level of the attribute. To maximize the effect of a simple measure, it is important to understand the factors that affect heterogeneity and the effective level of the heterogeneity. Even if a measure is not effective, it may become effective if the level of the attribute changes.
{"title":"Heterogeneity in the Effects of Group Lending in Microfinance-The Case of Mongolia","authors":"Takaharu Ishii","doi":"10.52941/jad.v8i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52941/jad.v8i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the heterogeneity of the effects of the joint and several liability systems of microfinance in Mongolia. The heterogeneity was examined from three perspectives: consumption, repayment rate, and income.\u0000In terms of business income and business expenditure, the older the household, the greater the number of loans, and the more private businesses the household owns, the greater the business expenditure. For household consumption, there is no difference between group and individual lending except in the number of private businesses, but when we restrict the analysis to food consumption, group lending increases food consumption more for households with more than one borrower and borrowers with longer borrowing periods. While more variable heterogeneity was found for the whole sample, only age and borrowing duration were found to affect household income across different types of microfinance for the poorest households with below median household income. The results of this study suggest that even if there was no significant difference in each attribute between the treatment and control groups, joint and several liabilities may or may not be effective depending on the level of the attribute. To maximize the effect of a simple measure, it is important to understand the factors that affect heterogeneity and the effective level of the heterogeneity. Even if a measure is not effective, it may become effective if the level of the attribute changes.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88964249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigated Malaysia’s energy-growth nexus and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis over the period 1971-2014 by taking the globalization variables of trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) and the structural break dummy of the Asian financial crisis of 1997 into estimation. To give interference, the Granger causality tests were implemented in the framework of two cointegration techniques: vector error correction model (VECM) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). As per Malaysia’s energy-growth nexus, referring to different results of the two approaches, we concluded that the presence of the energy-growth nexus was statistically confirmed, but it has not been fully established yet in the country. On the other hand, both the VECM and ARDL results provided the same conclusion for Malaysia’s EKC hypothesis, that is, in the initial stage, as the higher economic growth, the less CO2 emissions, but after a threshold, the higher economic growth, the more CO2 emissions.
{"title":"Malaysia’s Energy-Growth Nexus and Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: Empirical Analysis Using the VECM and ARDL Cointegration Techniques","authors":"Takashi Fukuda","doi":"10.52941/jad.v8i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52941/jad.v8i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated Malaysia’s energy-growth nexus and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis over the period 1971-2014 by taking the globalization variables of trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) and the structural break dummy of the Asian financial crisis of 1997 into estimation. To give interference, the Granger causality tests were implemented in the framework of two cointegration techniques: vector error correction model (VECM) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). As per Malaysia’s energy-growth nexus, referring to different results of the two approaches, we concluded that the presence of the energy-growth nexus was statistically confirmed, but it has not been fully established yet in the country. On the other hand, both the VECM and ARDL results provided the same conclusion for Malaysia’s EKC hypothesis, that is, in the initial stage, as the higher economic growth, the less CO2 emissions, but after a threshold, the higher economic growth, the more CO2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"869 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82681436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study empirically analyses the impact of corruption on economic growth in Nigeria, using time series data for the period 1980-2015 analyzed through the ARDL technique. The result of the Bound test confirmed the existence of Cointegration among the variables. The ARDL results revealed that corruption has a significant negative influence on economic growth both in the short run and long run. It was further confirmed that external debt, agricultural output, and human capital development positively impact growth while FDI and inflation rate endanger growth, in both the short and long run. The result of the interacting term revealed the damaging influence of corruption on the positive impact of human capital expenditure and external debt on economic growth. Based on the findings of the study, it is obvious that achievement of growth that is sustainable will remain elusive in a corrupt environment. The study, therefore recommends that government should strengthen the activities of the anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria to reduce the rate of corruption.
{"title":"The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in Nigeria","authors":"M. Olarinde, Jacob Msonter Jonathan","doi":"10.52941/jad.v7i2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52941/jad.v7i2.24","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically analyses the impact of corruption on economic growth in Nigeria, using time series data for the period 1980-2015 analyzed through the ARDL technique. The result of the Bound test confirmed the existence of Cointegration among the variables. The ARDL results revealed that corruption has a significant negative influence on economic growth both in the short run and long run. It was further confirmed that external debt, agricultural output, and human capital development positively impact growth while FDI and inflation rate endanger growth, in both the short and long run. The result of the interacting term revealed the damaging influence of corruption on the positive impact of human capital expenditure and external debt on economic growth. Based on the findings of the study, it is obvious that achievement of growth that is sustainable will remain elusive in a corrupt environment. The study, therefore recommends that government should strengthen the activities of the anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria to reduce the rate of corruption.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76825765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The days are gone when hard copies of resumes were sent to recruiters and they used to screen and set aside non relevant resumes. Artificial Intelligence has taken up mundane tasks of recruiters by simplifying search algorithms and human computer interaction. Job Boards provide recruiters with a database of candidates powered by a search tool with lot of filters. The demonstration paper actually carries out searches on recruitment database access tools to filter the relevant applicants from a wide pool of data with the help of search engine tools in resume databases of various jobboards. It shows how Boolean operators get through better search results in few minutes. Recruiter job to get to the right candidate is sorted out with Artificial Intelligence so that they can focus more on strategic tasks. Future of AI in recruitment is immense. Already companies are empowering recruiters with 360 degree tools which help with all Human Resource Aspects.
{"title":"Recruitment Search Engines for Screening Resumes through AI by Using Boolean Search Functions","authors":"Sunaina Arora, Neeraj Kumari","doi":"10.52941/jad.v7i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52941/jad.v7i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"The days are gone when hard copies of resumes were sent to recruiters and they used to screen and set aside non relevant resumes. Artificial Intelligence has taken up mundane tasks of recruiters by simplifying search algorithms and human computer interaction. Job Boards provide recruiters with a database of candidates powered by a search tool with lot of filters. The demonstration paper actually carries out searches on recruitment database access tools to filter the relevant applicants from a wide pool of data with the help of search engine tools in resume databases of various jobboards. It shows how Boolean operators get through better search results in few minutes. Recruiter job to get to the right candidate is sorted out with Artificial Intelligence so that they can focus more on strategic tasks. Future of AI in recruitment is immense. Already companies are empowering recruiters with 360 degree tools which help with all Human Resource Aspects.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84905982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/JCAD.20210701.OA1
Ehizuelen Michael Mitchell Omoruyi
Notably, East Asian Economies successfully capitalized on shifts in their age structures to gain a boost in economic productivity, a phenomenon known as the demographic dividend. Nowadays, despite the hitherto sluggish pace of Africa’s transition, experts remain optimistic that similar transformation in Africa may lead to faster development in coming decades. The paper attempts to answer the following three questions: (i) Can natural resource development help African economies harness its demographic dividend? (ii) as China forty years long, demographic dividend draws to an end, China is actively trying to capture fresh economic opportunities in higher-value-added productive activity. Can Africa seize this opportunity provided by its own emerging demographic dividend era? (iii) Can imitation game help African economies harness its demographic dividend? Arguably, for African economies to imitate the East Asian miracle and harness a maximum demographic dividend, they should adhere to these three mechanisms: labor supply, savings, and human capital.
{"title":"Harnessing the Demographic Dividend in Africa Through Lessons From East Asia's Experience","authors":"Ehizuelen Michael Mitchell Omoruyi","doi":"10.4018/JCAD.20210701.OA1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/JCAD.20210701.OA1","url":null,"abstract":"Notably, East Asian Economies successfully capitalized on shifts in their age structures to gain a boost in economic productivity, a phenomenon known as the demographic dividend. Nowadays, despite the hitherto sluggish pace of Africa’s transition, experts remain optimistic that similar transformation in Africa may lead to faster development in coming decades. The paper attempts to answer the following three questions: (i) Can natural resource development help African economies harness its demographic dividend? (ii) as China forty years long, demographic dividend draws to an end, China is actively trying to capture fresh economic opportunities in higher-value-added productive activity. Can Africa seize this opportunity provided by its own emerging demographic dividend era? (iii) Can imitation game help African economies harness its demographic dividend? Arguably, for African economies to imitate the East Asian miracle and harness a maximum demographic dividend, they should adhere to these three mechanisms: labor supply, savings, and human capital.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89150785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aims to bring attention to the vital phenomenon of China’s factory relocation to Africa, with a special focus on Ethiopia and Rwanda. As such, the paper asks: can the surge in wages in China decisively lead to the relocation of labor-intensive manufacturing firms from China to Ethiopia and Rwanda on a scale substantially sufficient to kick-start their industrialization? In attempting to answer the question, the paper also attempts to find out if there can be any possible shift from Asian to African Geese formation within the context of flying geese (FG) theory of comparative advantage, a framework that is useful in understanding the concept of “catching-up economy”, relaying as the paper general analytical framework. The paper finds out that China’s factory relocation are still limited and constrained, owing to both African nations and China’s side factors.
{"title":"China's Shifting Labour-Intensive Manufacturing Firms to Africa","authors":"Ezihuelen Michael Mitchell Omoruyi","doi":"10.4018/jcad.285550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcad.285550","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to bring attention to the vital phenomenon of China’s factory relocation to Africa, with a special focus on Ethiopia and Rwanda. As such, the paper asks: can the surge in wages in China decisively lead to the relocation of labor-intensive manufacturing firms from China to Ethiopia and Rwanda on a scale substantially sufficient to kick-start their industrialization? In attempting to answer the question, the paper also attempts to find out if there can be any possible shift from Asian to African Geese formation within the context of flying geese (FG) theory of comparative advantage, a framework that is useful in understanding the concept of “catching-up economy”, relaying as the paper general analytical framework. The paper finds out that China’s factory relocation are still limited and constrained, owing to both African nations and China’s side factors.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89829231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/jcad.20210701oa02
African economies, through Agenda 2063, recognize that developing infrastructure – transport, electricity, energy, water, and e-connectivity – will be critical for the region to assume a lasting place in the global economic system. As a result, this paper addresses the continent’s infrastructure gap and provides an important insight into the rapidly growing presence of China’s official infrastructure financing in Africa as well as the distinctive character of its involvement. In addition, the paper provides an empirical evaluation of the role of infrastructure in awakening African economies. The generalized-method-of-moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic models of panel data developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), and Arellano and Bover (1995) was employed to estimate an infrastructure-increased growth model.
{"title":"China’s Infrastructure Financing and the Role of Infrastructure in Awakening African Economies","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/jcad.20210701oa02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcad.20210701oa02","url":null,"abstract":"African economies, through Agenda 2063, recognize that developing infrastructure – transport, electricity, energy, water, and e-connectivity – will be critical for the region to assume a lasting place in the global economic system. As a result, this paper addresses the continent’s infrastructure gap and provides an important insight into the rapidly growing presence of China’s official infrastructure financing in Africa as well as the distinctive character of its involvement. In addition, the paper provides an empirical evaluation of the role of infrastructure in awakening African economies. The generalized-method-of-moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic models of panel data developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), and Arellano and Bover (1995) was employed to estimate an infrastructure-increased growth model.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81186840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Attempts to fulfil the contemporary needs mainly on strengthening eco-friendly responsibilities are in line with the strategic role of expanding committed awareness of sustaining the healthy community. This initiative should bring along with enhancing the duties on how educational institution can manage its role in the balance between human being and natural resources. As such, the innovative learning culture in enabling the school approach in empowering sustainability should be taken into consideration in strengthening multi-task for sustainable communities. This paper aims to examine the eco-friendly responsibilities to enhance the healthy community through cross reviewing Indonesian field school model. With the critical review of literature from referred journals, books, and conferences, the theoretical framework model with a guideline will be offered to assist in the innovative learning culture to strengthen its play in bringing environmental and social responsibilities in line with sustainability goal achievement program.
{"title":"Towards Eco-Friendly Responsibilities","authors":"M. Huda, Islah Gusmian, Mufrad Teguh Mulyo","doi":"10.4018/jcad.286773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcad.286773","url":null,"abstract":"Attempts to fulfil the contemporary needs mainly on strengthening eco-friendly responsibilities are in line with the strategic role of expanding committed awareness of sustaining the healthy community. This initiative should bring along with enhancing the duties on how educational institution can manage its role in the balance between human being and natural resources. As such, the innovative learning culture in enabling the school approach in empowering sustainability should be taken into consideration in strengthening multi-task for sustainable communities. This paper aims to examine the eco-friendly responsibilities to enhance the healthy community through cross reviewing Indonesian field school model. With the critical review of literature from referred journals, books, and conferences, the theoretical framework model with a guideline will be offered to assist in the innovative learning culture to strengthen its play in bringing environmental and social responsibilities in line with sustainability goal achievement program.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88799946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/jcad.20210701.oa2
M. M. O. Ehizuelen
African economies, through Agenda 2063, recognize that developing infrastructure – transport, electricity, energy, water, and e-connectivity – will be critical for the region to assume a lasting place in the global economic system. As a result, this paper addresses the continent’s infrastructure gap and provides an important insight into the rapidly growing presence of China’s official infrastructure financing in Africa as well as the distinctive character of its involvement. In addition, the paper provides an empirical evaluation of the role of infrastructure in awakening African economies. The generalized-method-of-moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic models of panel data developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), and Arellano and Bover (1995) was employed to estimate an infrastructure-increased growth model.
{"title":"China's Infrastructure Financing and the Role of Infrastructure in Awakening African Economies","authors":"M. M. O. Ehizuelen","doi":"10.4018/jcad.20210701.oa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jcad.20210701.oa2","url":null,"abstract":"African economies, through Agenda 2063, recognize that developing infrastructure – transport, electricity, energy, water, and e-connectivity – will be critical for the region to assume a lasting place in the global economic system. As a result, this paper addresses the continent’s infrastructure gap and provides an important insight into the rapidly growing presence of China’s official infrastructure financing in Africa as well as the distinctive character of its involvement. In addition, the paper provides an empirical evaluation of the role of infrastructure in awakening African economies. The generalized-method-of-moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic models of panel data developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), and Arellano and Bover (1995) was employed to estimate an infrastructure-increased growth model.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72590278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social networking sites are a well-known word in today’s world because of their enormous growth, development, and utilization. It has created a new world without boundaries. The total population, 5 percent, 9 percent, 10 percent, 38 percent, and 78 percent of Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, China, and the USA using the internet reported by the World Bank (Editor, 2013). Teenagers and young adults are used social networking sites devotedly—the study conducted on four universities in Cumilla district, Bangladesh. This research aims to determine the causes and consequences of using social networking sites (SNSs) among the students at universities in Cumilla, Bangladesh. In this study, we have used the survey method and questionnaire tools for collecting the data. The information was collected from 200 students through purposive sampling. We have assessed and analyzed the data through descriptive statistical methods. Some significant findings of the study demonstrate that the students use the SNSs to communicate with friends and family, collecting educational information. They spend an average of 2/3 hours daily using SNSs. Among the SNSs, Facebook is the most popular site. Findings also revealed that the excessive use of SNSs creates physical and mental disorders.
{"title":"Use of Social Networking Sites Among the Student of Universities in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Cumilla District","authors":"Md. Ruhul Amin, Md. Rashidul Islam Sheikh","doi":"10.52941/jad.v7i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52941/jad.v7i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Social networking sites are a well-known word in today’s world because of their enormous growth, development, and utilization. It has created a new world without boundaries. The total population, 5 percent, 9 percent, 10 percent, 38 percent, and 78 percent of Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, China, and the USA using the internet reported by the World Bank (Editor, 2013). Teenagers and young adults are used social networking sites devotedly—the study conducted on four universities in Cumilla district, Bangladesh. This research aims to determine the causes and consequences of using social networking sites (SNSs) among the students at universities in Cumilla, Bangladesh. In this study, we have used the survey method and questionnaire tools for collecting the data. The information was collected from 200 students through purposive sampling. We have assessed and analyzed the data through descriptive statistical methods. Some significant findings of the study demonstrate that the students use the SNSs to communicate with friends and family, collecting educational information. They spend an average of 2/3 hours daily using SNSs. Among the SNSs, Facebook is the most popular site. Findings also revealed that the excessive use of SNSs creates physical and mental disorders. ","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87385031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：