Traditional farming systems based on local wisdom was applied on a rice field in Jatiluwih Tourism Village is a very attractive tourism icon for tourists. Icons of tourism have been more interesting after Jatiluwih Subak was decreed as part of World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO on July 2012. This research was used qualitative method, aims to know the influence of traditional agricultural systems in Jatiluwih Tourism Village as a tourism icon, to know the attractiveness of traditional agricultural systems in Jatiluwih Tourism Village, and to know the influence of traditional agricultural systems on the tourism development of Jatiluwih Tourism Village. The results show that a fixed traditional farming systems applied by the member of Jatiluwih Subak, namely as pula pali metandur padi bali ring carik most of the farmers in Jatiluwih Tourism Village. Tourist attraction related traditional farming system that was applied in Jatiluwih Tourism Village is the aspect of the activity of each stage in the system of traditional agriculture and its accompanying ceremonies. The influence of traditional agricultural systems against tourism in the Jatiluwih Tourism Village can be seen from the increasingly community involvement in tourism (direct, indirect, and induced), revenue of the operation management of Jatiluwih Tourism Village was increased, as well as the number of tourists visit (foreign and domestic) was increased.
以当地智慧为基础的传统耕作制度在jatiluvi的稻田上得到了应用，旅游村是一个非常吸引游客的旅游标志。2012年7月，联合国教科文组织将贾提鲁威与苏巴克列为世界文化遗产后，旅游标志变得更加有趣。本研究采用定性方法，旨在了解jatiluwith旅游村作为旅游标志的传统农业系统的影响，了解jatiluwith旅游村传统农业系统的吸引力，了解传统农业系统对jatiluwith旅游村旅游发展的影响。结果表明:jatiluwith旅游村大部分农户采用固定的传统耕作制度，即pula pali metandur padi bali ring cark。贾提路旅游村所应用的与传统农业系统相关的旅游吸引力是传统农业系统及其伴随仪式的各个阶段的活动方面。传统农业制度对Jatiluwih旅游村旅游业的影响可以从社区对旅游的参与程度(直接、间接和诱导)的增加、Jatiluwih旅游村经营管理收入的增加以及游客来访(国外和国内)的增加中看出。
{"title":"Traditional Agricultural System as Tourism Icon in Jatiluwih Tourism Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province","authors":"Dewa Putu Oka Prasiasa, D. A. Widari","doi":"10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14585","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional farming systems based on local wisdom was applied on a rice field in Jatiluwih Tourism Village is a very attractive tourism icon for tourists. Icons of tourism have been more interesting after Jatiluwih Subak was decreed as part of World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO on July 2012. This research was used qualitative method, aims to know the influence of traditional agricultural systems in Jatiluwih Tourism Village as a tourism icon, to know the attractiveness of traditional agricultural systems in Jatiluwih Tourism Village, and to know the influence of traditional agricultural systems on the tourism development of Jatiluwih Tourism Village. The results show that a fixed traditional farming systems applied by the member of Jatiluwih Subak, namely as pula pali metandur padi bali ring carik most of the farmers in Jatiluwih Tourism Village. Tourist attraction related traditional farming system that was applied in Jatiluwih Tourism Village is the aspect of the activity of each stage in the system of traditional agriculture and its accompanying ceremonies. The influence of traditional agricultural systems against tourism in the Jatiluwih Tourism Village can be seen from the increasingly community involvement in tourism (direct, indirect, and induced), revenue of the operation management of Jatiluwih Tourism Village was increased, as well as the number of tourists visit (foreign and domestic) was increased.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90936632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China is the world biggest country in terms of population. It has the highest number of internet and mobile users. The world most substantial labor forces reside in China. A large proportion of the world is dependent on its exports. Chinas economy grew, in the last decade because of its exports, it got attention all over the world. Economy experts consider China as an economic threat to the USA. However, more studies are mainly focused on China populations, Exports, and labor focus because of the high quantity. The dynamics of the economy has changed in the last decade because of internet penetration across the globe. The Chinas role in digital aspects is least studied. Therefore this paper has focused on providing an overview of E-economy of China. Through literature and world-leading financial and consultancy firms reports it has been observed that just like other aspects of the economy, the e-economy of China is also growing. Today in 2019 where more than 50% of the world has access to the internet, It is considered that the Silicon Valley of USA is deriving the digital age because all big tech companies are located in the USA. USA main exports are Internet-related or Tech products. It is a fact that the USA E-economy contributes more to GDP compared to China. However, China has a potentially bright future in this area and can be the leading country in technology. Exploring the future possibilities, the opportunities which China has to grow in the digital age, the researchers found already there are areas in digital aspects where China has to outnumber the USA. For instance, the Fintech China got more Capital venture investments in 2016 compared to the USA. China is the world second country after the USA in attracting venture capital investment for Virtual Reality, Autonomous Driving, Wearables technologies, Education Technology, Robotics and drones, and 3D Printing. China is in the third position in terms of attracting investment for big data and artificial intelligence. The study concludes that China needs to focus more on big data and AI to continue its growth. The growing digitalization can improve agriculture and industrial activities as the economy is maturing. The paper is useful for digital experts to view the understand the e-economy in depth, future researchers can narrow down the topic to observe the impact of E-economy on agriculture and industrial sector.
{"title":"China’s E-Economy: An overview of Opportunities and Threats","authors":"Qiao Yao","doi":"10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14526","url":null,"abstract":"China is the world biggest country in terms of population. It has the highest number of internet and mobile users. The world most substantial labor forces reside in China. A large proportion of the world is dependent on its exports. Chinas economy grew, in the last decade because of its exports, it got attention all over the world. Economy experts consider China as an economic threat to the USA. However, more studies are mainly focused on China populations, Exports, and labor focus because of the high quantity. The dynamics of the economy has changed in the last decade because of internet penetration across the globe. The Chinas role in digital aspects is least studied. Therefore this paper has focused on providing an overview of E-economy of China. Through literature and world-leading financial and consultancy firms reports it has been observed that just like other aspects of the economy, the e-economy of China is also growing. Today in 2019 where more than 50% of the world has access to the internet, It is considered that the Silicon Valley of USA is deriving the digital age because all big tech companies are located in the USA. USA main exports are Internet-related or Tech products. It is a fact that the USA E-economy contributes more to GDP compared to China. However, China has a potentially bright future in this area and can be the leading country in technology. Exploring the future possibilities, the opportunities which China has to grow in the digital age, the researchers found already there are areas in digital aspects where China has to outnumber the USA. For instance, the Fintech China got more Capital venture investments in 2016 compared to the USA. China is the world second country after the USA in attracting venture capital investment for Virtual Reality, Autonomous Driving, Wearables technologies, Education Technology, Robotics and drones, and 3D Printing. China is in the third position in terms of attracting investment for big data and artificial intelligence. The study concludes that China needs to focus more on big data and AI to continue its growth. The growing digitalization can improve agriculture and industrial activities as the economy is maturing. The paper is useful for digital experts to view the understand the e-economy in depth, future researchers can narrow down the topic to observe the impact of E-economy on agriculture and industrial sector.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73166428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research evaluates the Tokuyama dam resettlement in Japan through the short-term from a gender perspective using the IRR and PAR models. Moreover, this research also evaluates the resettlement and clarifies the changes in women’s jobs in the long-term. As for short-term evaluation, the risks that women faced during the negotiation period and after resettlement are categorized into three issues: landlessness, joblessness, and loss of access to common property assets. Women have tried to solve these issues with agency, although they are usually recognized as passive victims in the context of forced displacement. In addition, the attitudes of “dam brides”—those who married men originally from Tokuyama in the period immediately prior to the dam construction and subsequent resettlement—were different from women originally from Tokuyama village. As for the long-term evaluation, changes of women’s productive activities are mainly categorized into three patterns: part-time jobs, sewing jobs as side work, and farming.
{"title":"Gender Issues and Women’s Agency in Involuntary Resettlement: The Tokuyama Dam in Japan","authors":"Shuichi Yamazawa, Kanae Moriya","doi":"10.5296/JAD.V5I1.14424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/JAD.V5I1.14424","url":null,"abstract":"This research evaluates the Tokuyama dam resettlement in Japan through the short-term from a gender perspective using the IRR and PAR models. Moreover, this research also evaluates the resettlement and clarifies the changes in women’s jobs in the long-term. As for short-term evaluation, the risks that women faced during the negotiation period and after resettlement are categorized into three issues: landlessness, joblessness, and loss of access to common property assets. Women have tried to solve these issues with agency, although they are usually recognized as passive victims in the context of forced displacement. In addition, the attitudes of “dam brides”—those who married men originally from Tokuyama in the period immediately prior to the dam construction and subsequent resettlement—were different from women originally from Tokuyama village. As for the long-term evaluation, changes of women’s productive activities are mainly categorized into three patterns: part-time jobs, sewing jobs as side work, and farming.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82352734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This special issue features case studies carried out in Indonesia, Japan, and Sri Lanka, in which at least one of the following issues was observed and studied: (a) long-term (a few to several decades) implications of resettlement on livelihood re-establishment, (b) resettlement from rural areas with agriculture- or forestry-based economies to cities, and (c) gender issues associated with resettlement and livelihood re-establishment. These case studies were conducted for the purpose of examining how the planning and operation of the resettlement process affected residents reconstructing their livelihood. We conclude that there is still room for improvement in how compensation for resettlers and their livelihood re-establishment should be addressed by dam developers. We found that very limited attention has been paid to the gender issue in designing and implementing compensation packages for resettlers. And we also note that resettlers are not the only populations that need to be cared for. Dam construction also has an impact on non-resettlers in the project command area whose assets are not submerged. Their livelihood tends to be worse off after completion of a dam and reservoir. Infrastructure development in the project command area, particularly improvement of traffic systems, should be undertaken both for non-resettlers and resettlers who need or decide to live in the same area as before the construction.
{"title":"Overview: Livelihood Re-Establishment After Resettlement due to Dam Construction","authors":"R. Fujikura, M. Nakayama","doi":"10.5296/JAD.V5I1.14420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/JAD.V5I1.14420","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue features case studies carried out in Indonesia, Japan, and Sri Lanka, in which at least one of the following issues was observed and studied: (a) long-term (a few to several decades) implications of resettlement on livelihood re-establishment, (b) resettlement from rural areas with agriculture- or forestry-based economies to cities, and (c) gender issues associated with resettlement and livelihood re-establishment. These case studies were conducted for the purpose of examining how the planning and operation of the resettlement process affected residents reconstructing their livelihood. We conclude that there is still room for improvement in how compensation for resettlers and their livelihood re-establishment should be addressed by dam developers. We found that very limited attention has been paid to the gender issue in designing and implementing compensation packages for resettlers. And we also note that resettlers are not the only populations that need to be cared for. Dam construction also has an impact on non-resettlers in the project command area whose assets are not submerged. Their livelihood tends to be worse off after completion of a dam and reservoir. Infrastructure development in the project command area, particularly improvement of traffic systems, should be undertaken both for non-resettlers and resettlers who need or decide to live in the same area as before the construction.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88883152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Suwartapradja, R. Fujikura, S. Sunardi, FU Regina Hoi Yee
Jatigede dam was constructed in Sumedang Regency of West Java Province, Indonesia. It was planned as early as the 1960s. The World Bank cancelled its financing for the reason of insufficient resettlement planning in 1986, but land acquisition for the dam continued and cash compensation was provided to affected villagers. In spite of the suspension of land acquisition in 1997, the Chinese Government became the new sponsor and dam construction started in 2005. Inundation began in 2015 and the villagers were resettled mainly to the vicinity of the reservoir. The construction was completed in 2015. Most of the cash compensation was provided during the mid-1980s. As three decades have passed since the provision of the compensation, resettlers who received the money conceived that the dam construction project has been cancelled. They spent the money at their original place and did not invest for the resettlement. Today, most of the resettlers are jobless and poor. Their incomes are below the international poverty line. Aquaculture at the reservoir is one of the possible options to improve local economy, but the local government prohibits it to avoid deterioration of water quality.
{"title":"Resettlement Caused by Jatigede Dam Project -Consequence of Long Delayed Implementation of a Project","authors":"O. Suwartapradja, R. Fujikura, S. Sunardi, FU Regina Hoi Yee","doi":"10.5296/JAD.V5I1.14422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/JAD.V5I1.14422","url":null,"abstract":"Jatigede dam was constructed in Sumedang Regency of West Java Province, Indonesia. It was planned as early as the 1960s. The World Bank cancelled its financing for the reason of insufficient resettlement planning in 1986, but land acquisition for the dam continued and cash compensation was provided to affected villagers. In spite of the suspension of land acquisition in 1997, the Chinese Government became the new sponsor and dam construction started in 2005. Inundation began in 2015 and the villagers were resettled mainly to the vicinity of the reservoir. The construction was completed in 2015. Most of the cash compensation was provided during the mid-1980s. As three decades have passed since the provision of the compensation, resettlers who received the money conceived that the dam construction project has been cancelled. They spent the money at their original place and did not invest for the resettlement. Today, most of the resettlers are jobless and poor. Their incomes are below the international poverty line. Aquaculture at the reservoir is one of the possible options to improve local economy, but the local government prohibits it to avoid deterioration of water quality.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81789897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Manatunge, Shuichi Yamazawa, M. M. Mahesh Samanpriya
The experiences of resettlers of Kotmale Dam, Sri Lanka is revisited, with a focus on the involvement of women in shaping the well-being of the family, more than 35 years after their resettlement. This study is based on field visits to eight resettlement sites in Mahaweli System B, C, and H, in which interviews were held mainly with the women of the first generation of resettlers. In most cases, women had to contribute to farm labour apart from housework. With time, women were instrumental in saving enough money, which enabled them to purchase agriculture machinery that lessened the burden of women who engaged in agriculture. The time thus saved could be used for additional income generating activities. Resettlers who were resettled in Mahaweli areas have now reached a stage where they have been successful in the formation of social/community networks and satisfactory economic development. The contribution of women has been a catalyst for such successes. The second/third generations have better opportunities for the future. The results indicate that resettlers, especially women, have made conscious choices for their future, especially for their children. For future resettlement programmes, it is essential that considerations of women’s economic role in the household should be given prominence.
{"title":"The Contribution of Women in Rebuilding Livelihoods in the Long-Term After Involuntary Resettlement: A Case Study of Resettlers of Kotmale Dam, Sri Lanka","authors":"J. Manatunge, Shuichi Yamazawa, M. M. Mahesh Samanpriya","doi":"10.5296/jad.v5i1.14425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jad.v5i1.14425","url":null,"abstract":"The experiences of resettlers of Kotmale Dam, Sri Lanka is revisited, with a focus on the involvement of women in shaping the well-being of the family, more than 35 years after their resettlement. This study is based on field visits to eight resettlement sites in Mahaweli System B, C, and H, in which interviews were held mainly with the women of the first generation of resettlers. In most cases, women had to contribute to farm labour apart from housework. With time, women were instrumental in saving enough money, which enabled them to purchase agriculture machinery that lessened the burden of women who engaged in agriculture. The time thus saved could be used for additional income generating activities. Resettlers who were resettled in Mahaweli areas have now reached a stage where they have been successful in the formation of social/community networks and satisfactory economic development. The contribution of women has been a catalyst for such successes. The second/third generations have better opportunities for the future. The results indicate that resettlers, especially women, have made conscious choices for their future, especially for their children. For future resettlement programmes, it is essential that considerations of women’s economic role in the household should be given prominence.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78491286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most dam construction projects inevitably lead to the creation of involuntary resettlers due to inundation of their lands and houses by reservoirs. How resettlers should be dealt with or “compensated” has long been discussed. The report published by the World Dam Commission was one of the major milestones on this issue. However, attention should also be given to the fact that non-resettlers who are obliged to stay in the project area after completion of a dam also suffer from dam construction. Even though their assets are not submerged, if their land is “detached” from the downstream area by a reservoir, they tend to become worse off socially and even financially. Improvement of infrastructure, in particular having roads to the downstream area, is essential to minimize the impacts on those who are “detached.” Compensating for the lost assets of the resettlers alone may not be sufficient to prevent the people in the project area of a dam construction from becoming worse off.
{"title":"Addressing the Livelihood of Non-Resettlers in Dam-Induced “Detached” Areas: The Case of the Shichikashuku Dam","authors":"M. Nakayama, R. Fujikura","doi":"10.5296/JAD.V5I1.14423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/JAD.V5I1.14423","url":null,"abstract":"Most dam construction projects inevitably lead to the creation of involuntary resettlers due to inundation of their lands and houses by reservoirs. How resettlers should be dealt with or “compensated” has long been discussed. The report published by the World Dam Commission was one of the major milestones on this issue. However, attention should also be given to the fact that non-resettlers who are obliged to stay in the project area after completion of a dam also suffer from dam construction. Even though their assets are not submerged, if their land is “detached” from the downstream area by a reservoir, they tend to become worse off socially and even financially. Improvement of infrastructure, in particular having roads to the downstream area, is essential to minimize the impacts on those who are “detached.” Compensating for the lost assets of the resettlers alone may not be sufficient to prevent the people in the project area of a dam construction from becoming worse off.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77790738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Literacy measures human capital of a country, literacy rates are much lower in developing countries compared to developed countries, especially the gap in literacy rates between men and female. We examine the determinants of the gender gap in literacy rates in developing countries, particularly the relationship between religion and gender gap in literacy. From the empirical study, we show that Protestant and Islam increase the gender gap in literacy in developing countries controlling other factors.
{"title":"The Impact of Religion on Gender Gap in Adult Literacy in Developing Countries","authors":"Fangyao Liu, Xixi Feng","doi":"10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14069","url":null,"abstract":"Literacy measures human capital of a country, literacy rates are much lower in developing countries compared to developed countries, especially the gap in literacy rates between men and female. We examine the determinants of the gender gap in literacy rates in developing countries, particularly the relationship between religion and gender gap in literacy. From the empirical study, we show that Protestant and Islam increase the gender gap in literacy in developing countries controlling other factors.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89778551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the relationship of working hour, work-life balance and mental health conditions in full-time retail industry workers in Hong Kong, an area without standard working hour legislation, in a follow up study during reduction in retail sales. Two questionnaire surveys were conducted, one in 2014 and the other one in 2015. Each survey comprised 100 retail industry workers in the same retail industry area in an anonymous basis. In 2014 the working hour was long (51.92 hours per week). During this reduction in retail sales there was a significant reduction in the originally long working hours (from 51.92 hours to 47.25 hours, p<0.0001), an increase in daily hours of personal or private activities (3.06 hours to 3.606 hours, not statistical significant), a significant increase in self-perceived work-life balance (from 3.76 to 4.51, p=0.0009), a decrease in number of workers having problems due to disturbed work-life balance, and a significant decrease in the high mental health score (from 18.93 to 15.36, p=0.0003) indicating improvement in mental health conditions. The findings provide scientific evidence for policy making, the working hour in an area without standard working hour legislation could be long. Reduction in working hour resulted in an improvement in work-life balance and mental health conditions.
{"title":"Working conditions of retail industry workers in Hong Kong","authors":"F. Young","doi":"10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14018","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the relationship of working hour, work-life balance and mental health conditions in full-time retail industry workers in Hong Kong, an area without standard working hour legislation, in a follow up study during reduction in retail sales. Two questionnaire surveys were conducted, one in 2014 and the other one in 2015. Each survey comprised 100 retail industry workers in the same retail industry area in an anonymous basis. In 2014 the working hour was long (51.92 hours per week). During this reduction in retail sales there was a significant reduction in the originally long working hours (from 51.92 hours to 47.25 hours, p<0.0001), an increase in daily hours of personal or private activities (3.06 hours to 3.606 hours, not statistical significant), a significant increase in self-perceived work-life balance (from 3.76 to 4.51, p=0.0009), a decrease in number of workers having problems due to disturbed work-life balance, and a significant decrease in the high mental health score (from 18.93 to 15.36, p=0.0003) indicating improvement in mental health conditions. The findings provide scientific evidence for policy making, the working hour in an area without standard working hour legislation could be long. Reduction in working hour resulted in an improvement in work-life balance and mental health conditions.","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87116568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afghanistan is the least developed country in Asia which is under war from the previous 20 years. After the end of the partial war, many aspects of Afghan economy are improving, for instance, the GDP has advanced 2.5% from 2016 to 2017. However, Per Capita Income is very low, safety, health and education are the areas which needs improvement. The exports of Afghanistan are on the decline. The natural currency reserve of Afghanistan is decline despite having many mineral assets. One of the core apparent behind all these decline aspects is corruption in Afghanistan. As transparency international the corruption of Afghanistan has increased in 2017 compared to 2016. It is of the most corrupt countries in the world. Due to war and less developments Afghanistan is least studied country. To fill this gap in this study the research has explored multiple secondary data source to review existing economic situation in Afghanistan. After exploring the economy of afghanstan the study also provides a conceptual framework for future reseachers to review economic growth of afghanistan using given framework. The study is useful for the policy makers to improve policies and prosperity of the country by identifying the role of crime.
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework to Measure Economic Growth of Afghanistan","authors":"S. Ramez, M. Farooq, Valliappan Raju","doi":"10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/JAD.V5I2.14210","url":null,"abstract":"Afghanistan is the least developed country in Asia which is under war from the previous 20 years. After the end of the partial war, many aspects of Afghan economy are improving, for instance, the GDP has advanced 2.5% from 2016 to 2017. However, Per Capita Income is very low, safety, health and education are the areas which needs improvement. The exports of Afghanistan are on the decline. The natural currency reserve of Afghanistan is decline despite having many mineral assets. One of the core apparent behind all these decline aspects is corruption in Afghanistan. As transparency international the corruption of Afghanistan has increased in 2017 compared to 2016. It is of the most corrupt countries in the world. Due to war and less developments Afghanistan is least studied country. To fill this gap in this study the research has explored multiple secondary data source to review existing economic situation in Afghanistan. After exploring the economy of afghanstan the study also provides a conceptual framework for future reseachers to review economic growth of afghanistan using given framework. The study is useful for the policy makers to improve policies and prosperity of the country by identifying the role of crime. ","PeriodicalId":53585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Asian Development","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74903380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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