Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75578
M. E. López, A. J. Zamora, Rosalva Cabrera
The aim of this experiment was to describe the relation between the emission and reception of aggressive responses, as well as the occurrence of food discovery and consumption responses in a social foraging situation in which the spatial distribution of food was varied. During five sessions, groups of pigeons (n=5) were exposed to a wood platform with 12 sealed containers, of which 4 contained food (full). For the Proximal Group the full containers were spatially adjacent to one another and for the Distal Group the containers were spatially separated. In each group only one subject discovered food consistently, but all of the members consumed food. The aggressive responses were higher in subjects that consumed less food and the reception of aggressive responses was higher for subjects that consumed more food. The data were analyzed in terms of the Hawk/Dove game described by Sirot (2000).
{"title":"FOOD SEARCH AND CONSUMPTION AND ITS RELATION TO AGGRESSIVE RESPONSES IN PIGEONS.","authors":"M. E. López, A. J. Zamora, Rosalva Cabrera","doi":"10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75578","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this experiment was to describe the relation between the emission and reception of aggressive responses, as well as the occurrence of food discovery and consumption responses in a social foraging situation in which the spatial distribution of food was varied. During five sessions, groups of pigeons (n=5) were exposed to a wood platform with 12 sealed containers, of which 4 contained food (full). For the Proximal Group the full containers were spatially adjacent to one another and for the Distal Group the containers were spatially separated. In each group only one subject discovered food consistently, but all of the members consumed food. The aggressive responses were higher in subjects that consumed less food and the reception of aggressive responses was higher for subjects that consumed more food. The data were analyzed in terms of the Hawk/Dove game described by Sirot (2000).","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"337 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74966396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75576
Shoko Kitano, Tetsuo Yamaguchi, Daisuke Saeki, Masato Ito
Cooperative behavior in nonhuman animals has been studied within the framework of game theory, typically by using the prisoner’s dilemma game. Previous studies on cooperation by pigeons using this game have revealed that, under these conditions, the animals did not learn the tit-for-tat strategy played by their opponents. In many cases, animals fail to choose cooperation and in so doing do not maximize their gains. The present experiment examined pigeons’ cooperative choices in the prisoner’s dilemma game situation by using a different type of apparatus than that used in previous studies: Subjects moved to choose one of two feeding sites, one of which was shared by another, stooge, pigeon whose choices were controlled by a computer and the other of which was not shared by other pigeons. In this choice situation, the presence of the stooge pigeon increased the subjects’ choices of the shared feeding site significantly. Further, the pigeons learned the other player’s choice strategy (tit-for-tat and random), showing that choice proportions for the shared feeding site were significantly higher in the tit-for-tat condition than in the random condition. These results suggest that the presence of a conspecific at the feeding site is a reinforcer for choosing it and that the choice situation constituted by the apparatus used in the present experiment could promote learning of the opponent’s choice strategy.
{"title":"PIGEONS' CHOICE BETWEEN SHARED AND UNSHARED FEEDING SITES IN GAME SITUATIONS.","authors":"Shoko Kitano, Tetsuo Yamaguchi, Daisuke Saeki, Masato Ito","doi":"10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75576","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative behavior in nonhuman animals has been studied within the framework of game theory, typically by using the prisoner’s dilemma game. Previous studies on cooperation by pigeons using this game have revealed that, under these conditions, the animals did not learn the tit-for-tat strategy played by their opponents. In many cases, animals fail to choose cooperation and in so doing do not maximize their gains. The present experiment examined pigeons’ cooperative choices in the prisoner’s dilemma game situation by using a different type of apparatus than that used in previous studies: Subjects moved to choose one of two feeding sites, one of which was shared by another, stooge, pigeon whose choices were controlled by a computer and the other of which was not shared by other pigeons. In this choice situation, the presence of the stooge pigeon increased the subjects’ choices of the shared feeding site significantly. Further, the pigeons learned the other player’s choice strategy (tit-for-tat and random), showing that choice proportions for the shared feeding site were significantly higher in the tit-for-tat condition than in the random condition. These results suggest that the presence of a conspecific at the feeding site is a reinforcer for choosing it and that the choice situation constituted by the apparatus used in the present experiment could promote learning of the opponent’s choice strategy.","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72855646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75571
Lauren Vanderhooft, Lavinia Tan, T. Hackenberg
Rats were studied in social-release procedures, in which lever presses by one rat released a second rat from a tube restraint for a period of social interaction. Both the fixed-ratio price and the duration of social contact were varied systematically on a within-subject basis, generating a total of 27 demand functions across six subjects. Overall, the data were well accounted for by the essential value model (96% VAF), supporting a social reinforcement view, according to which social-release behavior is maintained by social contact with another rat. Response rates and parameter fitswere comparable in 25-min and 120-min sessions, showing little evidence of satiation.Overall, the findings suggest that socially-reinforced behavior shares functionalproperties with other reinforcers, and illustrate a promising set of methods for quantifying social reinforcement value.
{"title":"DEMAND FOR SOCIAL CONTACT IN RATS: TOWARD A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL REINFORCEMENT VALUE","authors":"Lauren Vanderhooft, Lavinia Tan, T. Hackenberg","doi":"10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75571","url":null,"abstract":"Rats were studied in social-release procedures, in which lever presses by one rat released a second rat from a tube restraint for a period of social interaction. Both the fixed-ratio price and the duration of social contact were varied systematically on a within-subject basis, generating a total of 27 demand functions across six subjects. Overall, the data were well accounted for by the essential value model (96% VAF), supporting a social reinforcement view, according to which social-release behavior is maintained by social contact with another rat. Response rates and parameter fitswere comparable in 25-min and 120-min sessions, showing little evidence of satiation.Overall, the findings suggest that socially-reinforced behavior shares functionalproperties with other reinforcers, and illustrate a promising set of methods for quantifying social reinforcement value.","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"80 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85953780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68537
Kenneth Madrigal, Carlos Flores, Cinthia Hernández
Using eight experimentally naive Wistar rats, the effects of immediate, unsignaled and signaled delays of reinforcement on lever-pressing response rates were compared with two different procedures. In the Between-Phases procedure, each experimental condition was presented in three thirty-session consecutive phases; whereas, in the Multiple-Schedule procedure, each experimental condition was correlated with one component of a three-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Regardless of the procedure used, consistent results were observed, that is, differences in response rates were found when rats were exposed to a delay of reinforcement condition (Signaled or Unsignaled) in contrast to the immediate-reinforcement condition. These results suggest that even when rats are exposed to different conditions in the same session, similar results occur to those found when these conditions are arranged between phases. Similarly, they provide some information regarding the usefulness of employing a multiple schedule to assess the effects of different variables (Immediate, Unsignaled, and Signaled food deliveries) in relatively less time than a between-phases procedure.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF UNSIGNALED AND SIGNALED DELAYS OF REINFORCEMENT IN RATS: A BETWEEN-PROCEDURES COMPARISON","authors":"Kenneth Madrigal, Carlos Flores, Cinthia Hernández","doi":"10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68537","url":null,"abstract":"Using eight experimentally naive Wistar rats, the effects of immediate, unsignaled and signaled delays of reinforcement on lever-pressing response rates were compared with two different procedures. In the Between-Phases procedure, each experimental condition was presented in three thirty-session consecutive phases; whereas, in the Multiple-Schedule procedure, each experimental condition was correlated with one component of a three-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Regardless of the procedure used, consistent results were observed, that is, differences in response rates were found when rats were exposed to a delay of reinforcement condition (Signaled or Unsignaled) in contrast to the immediate-reinforcement condition. These results suggest that even when rats are exposed to different conditions in the same session, similar results occur to those found when these conditions are arranged between phases. Similarly, they provide some information regarding the usefulness of employing a multiple schedule to assess the effects of different variables (Immediate, Unsignaled, and Signaled food deliveries) in relatively less time than a between-phases procedure.","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83550586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68538
R. Ávila, Brenda E. Ortega, M. R. Miranda
En el estudio de la conducta autocontrolada se han utilizado principalmente tres procedimientos: eleccion, resistencia a la tentacion y demora de la gratificacion; los cuales involucran la eleccion entre pares de recompensas de diferente magnitud y demora de entrega, o la abstencion de tomar una recompensa presente hasta cumplir un criterio preestablecido. En apariencia estos procedimientos capturan aspectos o dimensiones de la conducta autocontrolada diferentes entre si. Por lo tanto, averiguar la interaccion entre los procedimientos en terminos del control que cada uno ejerce sobre la conducta autocontrolada puede ser de utilidad para lograr una descripcion integral de la misma. En el presente estudio, se expuso a 18 universitarias a los tres procedimientos pero en diferentes secuencias de exposicion a los mismos. Cada procedimiento estuvo vigente tres sesiones consecutivas y la principal variable dependiente, comun entre los tres procedimientos fue el numero de recompensas grandes demoradas obtenidas (E R 2 ) por sesion. Se encontro que las participantes expuestas primero al procedimiento de eleccion obtuvieron virtualmente todos los E R 2 programados en contraste con las participantes que se expusieron inicialmente al procedimiento de demora de la gratificacion.
{"title":"EFECTO DE ORDEN DE EXPOSICIÓN A TRES PROCEDIMIENTOS DE AUTOCONTROL EN HUMANOS","authors":"R. Ávila, Brenda E. Ortega, M. R. Miranda","doi":"10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68538","url":null,"abstract":"En el estudio de la conducta autocontrolada se han utilizado principalmente tres procedimientos: eleccion, resistencia a la tentacion y demora de la gratificacion; los cuales involucran la eleccion entre pares de recompensas de diferente magnitud y demora de entrega, o la abstencion de tomar una recompensa presente hasta cumplir un criterio preestablecido. En apariencia estos procedimientos capturan aspectos o dimensiones de la conducta autocontrolada diferentes entre si. Por lo tanto, averiguar la interaccion entre los procedimientos en terminos del control que cada uno ejerce sobre la conducta autocontrolada puede ser de utilidad para lograr una descripcion integral de la misma. En el presente estudio, se expuso a 18 universitarias a los tres procedimientos pero en diferentes secuencias de exposicion a los mismos. Cada procedimiento estuvo vigente tres sesiones consecutivas y la principal variable dependiente, comun entre los tres procedimientos fue el numero de recompensas grandes demoradas obtenidas (E R 2 ) por sesion. Se encontro que las participantes expuestas primero al procedimiento de eleccion obtuvieron virtualmente todos los E R 2 programados en contraste con las participantes que se expusieron inicialmente al procedimiento de demora de la gratificacion.","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"119 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88749785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.5514/RMAC.V44.I1.65352
Carlos A. Pérez-Herrera, Rogelio Escobar, Brissa Gutiérrez
Microcontroller input/output boards communicating with computers have been used for controlling operant conditioning chambers. Although these interfaces can be used in laboratory courses that accompany lectures on behavior analysis, in many universities classrooms equipped with computers are limited. Use of smartphones and tablets has increased in recent years and, because of the processing capacities of such devices, they could replace computers where resources are limited. This paper describes the use of an Arduino® Uno microcontroller board in combination with Android® devices, as a wireless, portable, and inexpensive interface for laboratory courses on operant conditioning. The interface consists of a free Android® application that communicates with an operant chamber using Bluetooth to generate basic schedules of reinforcement and store real-time data for subsequent analysis.
{"title":"A MOBILE INTERFACE USING ANDROID® DEVICES FOR OPERANT LABORATORY COURSES","authors":"Carlos A. Pérez-Herrera, Rogelio Escobar, Brissa Gutiérrez","doi":"10.5514/RMAC.V44.I1.65352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/RMAC.V44.I1.65352","url":null,"abstract":"Microcontroller input/output boards communicating with computers have been used for controlling operant conditioning chambers. Although these interfaces can be used in laboratory courses that accompany lectures on behavior analysis, in many universities classrooms equipped with computers are limited. Use of smartphones and tablets has increased in recent years and, because of the processing capacities of such devices, they could replace computers where resources are limited. This paper describes the use of an Arduino® Uno microcontroller board in combination with Android® devices, as a wireless, portable, and inexpensive interface for laboratory courses on operant conditioning. The interface consists of a free Android® application that communicates with an operant chamber using Bluetooth to generate basic schedules of reinforcement and store real-time data for subsequent analysis.","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76650907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.5514/RMAC.V44.I1.65350
R. Ávila, Violeta I. Olguín, Emmanuel Castro, M. Pérez
En este estudio se averiguaron los efectos de variar la probabilidad de reforzar las respuestas de reversion en los procedimientos de descuento demorado y demora de la gratificacion. Las respuestas de reversion se definieron como la primera respuesta a la opcion chica inmediata durante la demora de entrega del reforzador grande. Ambos procedimientos consistieron en elecciones entre la entrega de una cantidad de agua con una demora dada o una cantidad menor de agua entregada de manera inmediata; se vario la demora de entrega del reforzador de mayor magnitud entre 0 y 32 s. En el Experimento 1 se expuso a dos grupos de cinco ratas a uno de los procedimientos en tres bloques de 25 sesiones. En el Experimento 2 se expuso a diez ratas a seis condiciones consecutivas, en las cuales se vario la probabilidad de reforzamiento de respuestas de reversion de 0.00 a 1.00. En todas las demoras probadas, se encontro que conforme aumento la probabilidad de reforzamiento se redujo la proporcion de respuestas de reversion. Estos datos sugieren que los procedimientos de descuento demorado y demora de la gratificacion podrian ser parte de un continuo de probabilidad de reforzamiento de las respuestas de reversion.
{"title":"EFECTOS DE VARIAR LA PROBABILIDAD DE LAS REVERSIONES EN DESCUENTO DEMORADO Y DEMORA DE LA GRATIFICACIÓN EFFECTS OF MODULATING THE PROBABILITY OF REINFORCEMENT OF REVERSION RESPONSES IN DELAY DISCOUNTING AND DELAY OF GRATIFICATION","authors":"R. Ávila, Violeta I. Olguín, Emmanuel Castro, M. Pérez","doi":"10.5514/RMAC.V44.I1.65350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/RMAC.V44.I1.65350","url":null,"abstract":"En este estudio se averiguaron los efectos de variar la probabilidad de reforzar las respuestas de reversion en los procedimientos de descuento demorado y demora de la gratificacion. Las respuestas de reversion se definieron como la primera respuesta a la opcion chica inmediata durante la demora de entrega del reforzador grande. Ambos procedimientos consistieron en elecciones entre la entrega de una cantidad de agua con una demora dada o una cantidad menor de agua entregada de manera inmediata; se vario la demora de entrega del reforzador de mayor magnitud entre 0 y 32 s. En el Experimento 1 se expuso a dos grupos de cinco ratas a uno de los procedimientos en tres bloques de 25 sesiones. En el Experimento 2 se expuso a diez ratas a seis condiciones consecutivas, en las cuales se vario la probabilidad de reforzamiento de respuestas de reversion de 0.00 a 1.00. En todas las demoras probadas, se encontro que conforme aumento la probabilidad de reforzamiento se redujo la proporcion de respuestas de reversion. Estos datos sugieren que los procedimientos de descuento demorado y demora de la gratificacion podrian ser parte de un continuo de probabilidad de reforzamiento de las respuestas de reversion.","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89016682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-12DOI: 10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68833
Luis M. Bautista, Beatriz Martín
Foraging tests of the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD) show animals defect, contrary to evolutionary models that predict cooperative animals will prevail and spread in populations. This contradiction could be due to IPD rules that could be too challenging to understand for most animals. We explored this hypothesis relaxing the payoff matrix of the IPD (T>R>P>S=0) to a weak payoff-matrix (T=R>P=S>0) and tested it with coal tits, which did not play one another; rather, each one played against a computer programmed to deliver food pellets according to the ‘Tit for Tat’ strategy. Despite the IPD was programmed with a weak payoff matrix, coal tits preferences to defect increased a 10% when playing the Game condition as compared to a previous Control condition. In the Control condition they foraged at random (48±11%) between two pellet dispensers that delivered food rewards at the same rate, while in the Game condition they increased the preference towards the defection option (58±10%). A sequential (trial by trial) analysis showed that these small birds defected regularly and cooperated at random.
{"title":"LEARNING AND RECIPROCITY IN COAL TITS PLAYING THE PRISONER’S DILEMMA GAME","authors":"Luis M. Bautista, Beatriz Martín","doi":"10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68833","url":null,"abstract":"Foraging tests of the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD) show animals defect, contrary to evolutionary models that predict cooperative animals will prevail and spread in populations. This contradiction could be due to IPD rules that could be too challenging to understand for most animals. We explored this hypothesis relaxing the payoff matrix of the IPD (T>R>P>S=0) to a weak payoff-matrix (T=R>P=S>0) and tested it with coal tits, which did not play one another; rather, each one played against a computer programmed to deliver food pellets according to the ‘Tit for Tat’ strategy. Despite the IPD was programmed with a weak payoff matrix, coal tits preferences to defect increased a 10% when playing the Game condition as compared to a previous Control condition. In the Control condition they foraged at random (48±11%) between two pellet dispensers that delivered food rewards at the same rate, while in the Game condition they increased the preference towards the defection option (58±10%). A sequential (trial by trial) analysis showed that these small birds defected regularly and cooperated at random.","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87531520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-12DOI: 10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68545
J. Burgos
The target paper is a conceptual-historical analysis that downplays the possibility of an incoherence in Skinner’s early thought between his commitment to a mechanistic view of causality (expressed in his early definition of the reflex as a necessary relation) and an implicit, incipient form of the thesis of selection by consequences he supposedly held at the time. I argue, however, that there is no incoherence: A mechanistic view of causality is compatible with the thesis of selection by consequences. Skinner’s mistake was to claim the contrary later on. The target paper perpetuates this mistake, as well as the mistake that selection by consequences is incompatible with essentialism.
{"title":"SELECTION BY CONSEQUENCES, CAUSALITY, AND ESSENTIALISM: COMMENTS ON LEÃO AND CARVALHO NETO","authors":"J. Burgos","doi":"10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/RMAC.V44.I2.68545","url":null,"abstract":"The target paper is a conceptual-historical analysis that downplays the possibility of an incoherence in Skinner’s early thought between his commitment to a mechanistic view of causality (expressed in his early definition of the reflex as a necessary relation) and an implicit, incipient form of the thesis of selection by consequences he supposedly held at the time. I argue, however, that there is no incoherence: A mechanistic view of causality is compatible with the thesis of selection by consequences. Skinner’s mistake was to claim the contrary later on. The target paper perpetuates this mistake, as well as the mistake that selection by consequences is incompatible with essentialism.","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88740790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-12DOI: 10.5514/rmac.v44.i2.68541
E. Ribes-Iñesta
Two arguments are presented in order to question the pertinence of natural selection (and selection by consequences) on the foundational logic of operant conditioning. One, deals with the definition of the operant as a covariation or correlation of classes of stimuli and responses, correlation which includes the reinforcer(s) as stimulus member(s) of the operant. Reinforcers cannot select themselves. A second one deals with the retroactive effect of selection by consequences and the concept of probability of response. It is concluded that there is no link between the original concept of the operant and selection by consequences, and that, in any case, operant behavior is concerned with selection of consequences.
{"title":"THE NONEXISTENT LINK BETWEEN THE LOGIC OF REFLEX AND THE IDEOLOGY OF NATURAL SELECTION: COMMENTS ON CARNEIRO AND BENTES´” SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS TO SELECTIONISM: SKINNER’S FRAMEWORK FOR BEHAVIOR IN THE 1930’S AND 1940’S”","authors":"E. Ribes-Iñesta","doi":"10.5514/rmac.v44.i2.68541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v44.i2.68541","url":null,"abstract":"Two arguments are presented in order to question the pertinence of natural selection (and selection by consequences) on the foundational logic of operant conditioning. One, deals with the definition of the operant as a covariation or correlation of classes of stimuli and responses, correlation which includes the reinforcer(s) as stimulus member(s) of the operant. Reinforcers cannot select themselves. A second one deals with the retroactive effect of selection by consequences and the concept of probability of response. It is concluded that there is no link between the original concept of the operant and selection by consequences, and that, in any case, operant behavior is concerned with selection of consequences.","PeriodicalId":53598,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta","volume":"285 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72468664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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