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The social history of alcohol and drugs最新文献

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“There Are People in All Walks of Life Who Are Using This Substance”: Drugs, Discourse, and the Student Counterculture at the Le Dain Commission, 1969–70 “各行各业的人都在使用这种物质”:1969-70年勒丹委员会的毒品、话语和学生反主流文化
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1086/712659
N. Ruston
The late 1960s were a turbulent time on Canadian postsecondary campuses. University students were both the subjects of and participants in the broader discourse regarding the counterculture and drug use. Many participants in this discourse presumed a close relationship between students, drug use, and countercultural perspectives, but the records of the Le Dain commission challenge some of these associations. Held throughout 1969 and 1970, the Le Dain commission transcripts from hearings held on university campuses across Canada suggest that while Canadian postsecondary students broadly endorsed drug policy reforms, they simultaneously resisted the more radical aspects of the late-1960s countercultural discourse.
20世纪60年代末是加拿大高等院校动荡不安的时期。大学生既是反主流文化和毒品使用的广泛讨论的主体,也是参与者。许多参与讨论的人认为学生、吸毒和反文化观点之间存在密切关系,但勒丹委员会的记录对这些联系提出了挑战。勒丹委员会从1969年到1970年在加拿大各大学校园举行的听证会中获得的记录表明,虽然加拿大的高等教育学生广泛支持毒品政策改革,但他们同时抵制20世纪60年代末反文化话语中更激进的方面。
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引用次数: 1
The Opioid Documents: A Report on the Politics of the Public Record 阿片类文件:一份关于公共记录政治的报告
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1086/713409
A. Lentacker
Lawyers in the ongoing opioid litigation have obtained millions of documents from the drug manufacturers, distributors, and pharmacies blamed for the ravages of the opioid crisis. What will happen to these documents if the suits are settled? Will they form a public archive of one of the worst man-made public health disasters in memory? Or will they remain locked away, perhaps permanently? In search for answers, this piece traces a longer history of the role of the courts in shaping the public record on drugs. It discusses what the recent scholarship on pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical knowledge owes to past litigation against the drug industry, but also highlights some of the forces that have eroded the public record in both the scientific and legal arenas over the last few decades. These forces, I argue, have converged in the case of opioids, raising urgent questions about the implications of litigating public health issues in secret.
正在进行的阿片类药物诉讼的律师已经从药品制造商、分销商和药店那里获得了数百万份文件,这些文件被认为是造成阿片类药物危机的罪魁祸首。如果诉讼解决了,这些文件怎么办?它们是否会形成记忆中最严重的人为公共卫生灾难之一的公共档案?还是说他们会一直被关起来,也许是永远关起来?为了寻找答案,这篇文章追溯了法院在塑造公众毒品记录方面的作用的更长的历史。它讨论了最近关于制药和制药知识的学术研究归功于过去针对制药行业的诉讼,但也强调了过去几十年来在科学和法律领域侵蚀公共记录的一些力量。我认为,在阿片类药物问题上,这些力量已经汇聚在一起,引发了关于秘密提起公共卫生诉讼的影响的紧迫问题。
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引用次数: 3
Detectives, Detectors, and Drug Sniffers: Institutionalizing the Drug Dog Before and After Counterinsurgency 侦探、探测器和毒品嗅探员:平叛前后缉毒犬的制度化
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1086/712738
J. W. Hubbard
The popularity of drug-sniffing dogs since the 1970s rests on the contributions of a dying technological movement—counterinsurgency science. A comparison of two drug-sniffing dog programs—the Federal Bureau of Narcotics’s detective dog of the 1940s and 1950s, and the Department of Defense’s detector dog of the 1960s and 1970s—documents how federal agents failed to institutionalize drug-sniffing dogs, while Department of Defense researchers succeeded. The disparate outcomes of the two programs illustrate, first, the contingent institutional factors involved in adopting dogs for drug control, and second, the fragile institutional relationships supporting counterinsurgency science and new drug-control strategies after the Vietnam War.
自20世纪70年代以来,毒品嗅探犬的流行依赖于一项正在消亡的技术运动——反叛乱科学的贡献。对两种缉毒犬项目的比较——20世纪40年代和50年代联邦缉毒局的缉毒犬和20世纪60年代和70年代国防部的缉毒犬——记录了联邦特工如何未能将缉毒犬制度化,而国防部的研究人员却成功了。这两个项目的不同结果表明,首先,收养狗用于毒品管制的偶然制度因素;其次,在越南战争后,支持反叛乱科学和新的毒品管制战略的脆弱制度关系。
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引用次数: 1
Problem Substances: Temperance and the Control of Addictive Drugs in Nineteenth-Century Australia 问题物质:19世纪澳大利亚的节制与成瘾药物控制
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1086/712581
M. Allen, Natalie Thomas
During the second half of the long Australian nineteenth century (ca. 1840–1914), drugs were subjected to increasing government control in a process largely driven by the temperance movement. Temperance activism and its highly public campaign against alcohol were the key to a profound shift in the social imaginary of drugs—the common understanding of intoxicating substances—which were converted from symbols of individual deviance to the structural cause of social problems. The temperance movement promoted the disease concept of addiction and lobbied governments for expanded controls on alcohol, a model that was later copied by critics of opium. But more importantly, temperance and its radical attack on alcohol as a problem in itself inspired a fundamental shift in the public discourse about drugs that paved the way for modern drug prohibition. This article uses a series of government inquiries into alcohol and opium to illustrate their transformation into problem substances by the early twentieth century.
在澳大利亚漫长的19世纪下半叶(约1840-1914年),毒品受到政府越来越多的控制,这一过程主要是由禁酒运动推动的。禁酒激进主义及其高度公开的反酒精运动是社会对毒品的想象发生深刻转变的关键——对令人陶醉的物质的普遍理解——从个人越轨行为的象征转变为社会问题的结构性原因。禁酒运动推广了成瘾的疾病概念,并游说政府扩大对酒精的控制,这一模式后来被鸦片的批评者所效仿。但更重要的是,节制和它对酒精的激进攻击本身就是一个问题,激发了公众对毒品话语的根本转变,为现代禁毒铺平了道路。这篇文章用政府对酒精和鸦片的一系列调查来说明它们在20世纪初变成了问题物质。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction 介绍
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1086/713987
Nancy Campbell, David Herzberg, Lucas Richert
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引用次数: 0
Ray Oldenburg, The Joy of Tippling: A Salute to Bars, Taverns, and Pubs. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire, 2019. 雷·奥登堡,《小费的乐趣:向酒吧、酒馆和酒吧致敬》。马萨诸塞州大巴灵顿:伯克希尔,2019年。
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1086/713012
Scott Haine
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引用次数: 0
Theorizing Alcoholic Drinks in Ancient India: The Complex Case of Maireya 古印度酒精饮料的理论化:弥勒的复杂案例
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1086/712740
James McHugh
An alcoholic drink called maireya is prominent in ancient texts from South Asia, and features prominently in Buddhist law on alcohol. The article considers what we can say about the chronology, the nature, and the cultural significance of maireya. Maireya became prominent several centuries BCE, maintaining this high profile until the early first millennium CE. It was theorized to be made with an innately flexible formula with a secondary fermentation. Maireya is presented as a drink of social distinction. Flexible and based on sugars, maireya was an ideal drink to pair with the cereal-based drink called surā in Buddhist law, which reflects both the tastes and theories of this early period.
在南亚的古代文献中,一种被称为“弥勒耶”的酒精饮料很重要,在佛教关于酒精的法律中也占有重要地位。这篇文章考虑了我们可以谈论的年代、性质和弥勒的文化意义。早在公元前几个世纪,弥勒佛就声名显赫,一直保持到公元一千年早期。理论上,它是用一种天生灵活的配方和二次发酵制成的。弥勒酒是一种代表社会地位的饮料。麻辣茶是一种灵活的饮料,以糖为基础,是一种理想的饮料,可以与佛教法律中称为surā的谷物饮料搭配,这既反映了早期的口味,也反映了早期的理论。
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引用次数: 0
From 'papaber errat' to 'tincture of opium': Poppies, opiates and pain in early modern Scotland, c. 1664 to 1785. 从“罂粟错误”到“鸦片酊”:现代苏格兰早期的罂粟、鸦片和疼痛(约1664-1785)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1086/712739
James H Mills

This article will focus on the uses of opiates in early-modern Scotland in an effort to trace the surprisingly neglected story of just how poppy-based substances were used in this period across the British Isles. It explores their history in medical practices there, examining sources as varied as household recipes, apothecaries' invoices, and the family correspondence of surgeons alongside the medical treatises and publications of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In considering the deployment of medicinal concoctions made from both the local red poppy and imported opium from the white poppy, the article argues that use of the former may have paved the way for the development of a market for the latter; the mild analgesia to be had from the rhoeadine of the red flowers had prepared medical practitioners and others for the more potent painkilling to be had from papaver somniferum products. In this light the imported opium looks less like an 'exotic' addition to the medicine of the period in Britain, and more like an enhancement drawn into existing ideas and practices. The article also concludes that, as there is no evidence to be found in these sources of anyone using the new products for intoxication, it was pain and not pleasure which drove the market for imported opium.

这篇文章的重点是在早期现代苏格兰的鸦片剂的使用,以努力追踪被忽视的故事,如何以罂粟为基础的物质在这一时期在整个不列颠群岛被使用。它探索了他们在医疗实践中的历史,研究了各种各样的来源,如家庭食谱、药剂师的发票、外科医生的家庭通信,以及17世纪和18世纪的医学论文和出版物。考虑到从当地红罂粟和从白罂粟中进口鸦片制成的药物混合物的部署,文章认为,前者的使用可能为后者的市场发展铺平了道路;从红花的rhoeadine中产生的轻度镇痛作用使医生和其他人对罂粟花产品的更强效止痛做好了准备。从这个角度来看,进口鸦片看起来不像是当时医学的“外来”补充,而更像是对现有思想和实践的加强。文章的结论是,推动进口鸦片市场的是痛苦而不是快乐。
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引用次数: 0
China and the Origin of International Opium Commission 中国与国际鸦片起源委员会
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/710642
Zhiliang Su
This year’s International Anti-Drug Shanghai Forum and International Symposium on the History of the Relationship between Society, Government and Science and Psychoactive Substances was named “Changing Minds: Societies, States, the Sciences and Psychoactive Substances in History.” The forum was held at Shanghai University in conjunction with the biennial meeting of the Alcohol and Drugs History Society (ADHS) and took its cue from recent shifts in attitudes toward and understandings of intoxicants and psychoactive substances, exploring inner drivers for change in ideas about such materials from a historical perspective.
今年的国际禁毒上海论坛暨社会、政府、科学与精神活性物质关系历史国际研讨会的主题为“思想的变化:历史上的社会、国家、科学和精神活性物质”。该论坛是在上海大学与酒精和毒品历史学会(ADHS)两年一次的会议同时举行的,其灵感来自于最近人们对麻醉剂和精神活性物质的态度和理解的转变,从历史的角度探讨了人们对这类物质观念变化的内在驱动因素。
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引用次数: 0
The Drug War Dialectic in Early Twentieth-Century Chicago 20世纪初芝加哥的毒品战争辩证法
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/710641
Richard Del Rio
This article shows how the violence, carceral capitalism, and racialization that characterized Chicago’s drug war politics at the turn of the twenty-first century hold historical roots in the changes of the pharmaceutical industry during the late nineteenth. Historical research on the evolving business cultures of pharmacy during this period reveals that tensions between drug manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers contributed to the familiar operating structure of Chicago’s illegal drug market. The first years of the twentieth century witnessed a modernizing moment for drug war politics when the interests of retail pharmacists and social reformers coalesced on a police reform campaign intent on “waging war” on “dope.” Historicizing the century-old existence of violence, invasive policing, and prison growth in the market shows how the consuming policy challenges of drug war politics have grown in scale over time and hold origins in the old insecurities of a market dominated by mass-produced proprietary medicines.
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The social history of alcohol and drugs
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