This article is an illustration on how the people of Amman have created temporary urban spaces as a means of coping with COVID-19 restrictions, particularly how they have appropriated spaces in the city normally not used as public spaces to socialize and find refuge outside their homes. The first section explores the lens of temporary urbanism across the Global North–South as an entry point to explore COVID-19 temporary spaces. The second turns to the context of Amman: first, by relating temporary urbanism to a wider understanding of it as a culturally permanent phenomenon and then by moving to a more speci fic understanding of the phenomenon. This is followed by three case studies of temporary spaces used during the pandemic in Amman: a parking space; sections of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lane; and a vacant plot of land. The discussion and concluding sections place the narratives of the temporary spaces of Amman/Global South and Global North in juxtaposition and point to the need to rethink planning practices.
{"title":"Temporary Urbanism in Times of COVID-19: Creating Refuge in Temporary Urban Spaces of Amman: A Comparative Reflection","authors":"Ohoud Kamal","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.222","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an illustration on how the people of Amman have created temporary urban spaces as a means of coping with COVID-19 restrictions, particularly how they have appropriated spaces in the city normally not used as public spaces to socialize and find refuge outside their homes.\u0000 The first section explores the lens of temporary urbanism across the Global North–South as an entry point to explore COVID-19 temporary spaces. The second turns to the context of Amman: first, by relating temporary urbanism to a wider understanding of it as a culturally permanent phenomenon\u0000 and then by moving to a more speci fic understanding of the phenomenon. This is followed by three case studies of temporary spaces used during the pandemic in Amman: a parking space; sections of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lane; and a vacant plot of land. The discussion and concluding sections\u0000 place the narratives of the temporary spaces of Amman/Global South and Global North in juxtaposition and point to the need to rethink planning practices.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) platforms in everyday places has become a common trend in developing hybrid environments in cities around the globe. In China, the speed of integrating internet-based ICT platforms in urban environments has become a common practice. However, such integration has an impact on the use of public places. This study focuses on four examples of public places in the City of Ningbo, China. The public spaces are divided into four categories: a primary public place; a secondary public place; a public park; and a linear public place in the old town area. The study aims to map and assess three factors of: ICT availability; people's behaviour in selected public places; and their interaction with the ICT platforms. ICT availability is mapped as the main study subject; people's behaviours are mapped to evaluate ICT use in public places; and people's interactions are assessed to evaluate how and why they use such platforms in public places. The findings highlight behavioural changes in public place usage and their impact on people's interaction with such important urban nodes. Lastly, the study concludes with the emerging role of ICT platforms in public places. Applications may differ in other contexts, but the study aims to highlight context-specific matters that may also be relevant to other locales.
{"title":"The Impacts of ICT Platforms on Public Place Use in China","authors":"A. Cheshmehzangi","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.264","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) platforms in everyday places has become a common trend in developing hybrid environments in cities around the globe. In China, the speed of integrating internet-based ICT platforms in urban environments has become a\u0000 common practice. However, such integration has an impact on the use of public places. This study focuses on four examples of public places in the City of Ningbo, China. The public spaces are divided into four categories: a primary public place; a secondary public place; a public park; and\u0000 a linear public place in the old town area. The study aims to map and assess three factors of: ICT availability; people's behaviour in selected public places; and their interaction with the ICT platforms. ICT availability is mapped as the main study subject; people's behaviours are mapped\u0000 to evaluate ICT use in public places; and people's interactions are assessed to evaluate how and why they use such platforms in public places. The findings highlight behavioural changes in public place usage and their impact on people's interaction with such important urban nodes. Lastly,\u0000 the study concludes with the emerging role of ICT platforms in public places. Applications may differ in other contexts, but the study aims to highlight context-specific matters that may also be relevant to other locales.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42318496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper highlights different facets of public space in Indian cities by examining contestations and conceptualizations of a maidan (open ground) in Bangalore. Since the early 1980s, the Post Office Ground, a master planned open space in an upperclass neighbourhood of Bangalore, was used as a place for exercise and recreation by local residents and visitors. Local residents contested and stopped government a empts to build quasi-public buildings on the maidan. The protracted battles for the Ground, resulting in its partial conversion to a gated park, reveal Bangalore's complex state–society–space dynamics where contestations and negotiations between actors of state and society compete with the master plan in shaping public space. This article concludes that the open maidan presents a more inclusive, though contentious, terrain for such contestations and negotiations than the gated park.
{"title":"Park Politics in a Postcolonial Indian City: Planning (and) Public Space in Bangalore","authors":"S. Vanka","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.169","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights different facets of public space in Indian cities by examining contestations and conceptualizations of a maidan (open ground) in Bangalore. Since the early 1980s, the Post Office Ground, a master planned open space in an upperclass neighbourhood of Bangalore, was\u0000 used as a place for exercise and recreation by local residents and visitors. Local residents contested and stopped government a empts to build quasi-public buildings on the maidan. The protracted battles for the Ground, resulting in its partial conversion to a gated park, reveal Bangalore's\u0000 complex state–society–space dynamics where contestations and negotiations between actors of state and society compete with the master plan in shaping public space. This article concludes that the open maidan presents a more inclusive, though contentious, terrain for such contestations\u0000 and negotiations than the gated park.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the European context, various e-participatory tools have been introduced in the last two decades that are often used without giving citizens a co-deciding role. The article explores this in the case of Ljubljana, the capital city of Slovenia, by analysing the public portal for the citizens' initiatives that was developed by the local government. It analyses the characteristics of the portal. Choosing a testing area, it addresses the following questions: what kind of projects are being proposed by citizens? Are these proposals addressing future development challenges or merely current maintenance issues? How does the city administration handle these initiatives at the level of communication – do they provide precise replies to questions, proposals, and arguments? Are development-oriented citizens' initiatives considered by the city authorities? The article argues that the portal is more of a crowdsourced way of monitoring the maintenance-related issues across the city and has not much to do with the collection of the citizens' initiatives related to qualitative improvements to the city. Understanding the deficiencies of such portals in the context of the Global North it points out the need for a more critical transfer of digital tools to the Global South where the participatory practices in designing and managing public open spaces are more fragile.
{"title":"The Participatory Design and Management of Public Open Space through the Digital Portal","authors":"Matej Niksic","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.280","url":null,"abstract":"In the European context, various e-participatory tools have been introduced in the last two decades that are often used without giving citizens a co-deciding role. The article explores this in the case of Ljubljana, the capital city of Slovenia, by analysing the public portal for the\u0000 citizens' initiatives that was developed by the local government. It analyses the characteristics of the portal. Choosing a testing area, it addresses the following questions: what kind of projects are being proposed by citizens? Are these proposals addressing future development challenges\u0000 or merely current maintenance issues? How does the city administration handle these initiatives at the level of communication – do they provide precise replies to questions, proposals, and arguments? Are development-oriented citizens' initiatives considered by the city authorities? The\u0000 article argues that the portal is more of a crowdsourced way of monitoring the maintenance-related issues across the city and has not much to do with the collection of the citizens' initiatives related to qualitative improvements to the city. Understanding the deficiencies of such portals\u0000 in the context of the Global North it points out the need for a more critical transfer of digital tools to the Global South where the participatory practices in designing and managing public open spaces are more fragile.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41627322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on informal urbanism has shown that certain informal activities are often discouraged or seen as requiring regulation, while others are endorsed by city authorities. An indicative example is guerrilla gardening, the illicit cultivation of someone else's land, usually positively perceived as a form of activism. This article illustrates a case from the Global South where guerrilla gardening poses a threat to public spaces, through examining how it is part of an attempt by home and business owners to spill over their legal boundaries and expand into public spaces around their homes and businesses, most commonly for private gain, sometimes through making those spaces unusable for others. By employing ethnographic research, the article illustrates how plants are being tactically deployed to expand private space into public. It presents results of ethnographic fieldwork in two parts of Limassol, Cyprus, a relatively poor and neglected neighbourhood and the Limassol Marina, an area that has witnessed a rapid – if not rabid – development in the past few years. It illustrates a unique case where informal tactical gardening interventions in public space may exclude community members – sometimes even from using a public space – as opposed to most literature that considers guerrilla gardening as a pathway to producing engaging and sustainable communities. The main contributions of this article lie in the dark side of tactical gardening which is not necessarily resistance oriented.
{"title":"Reaping the Fruits of Informal Urbanism: An Ethnography of Tactical Gardening in Limassol, Cyprus","authors":"Theodoros Kouros","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.188","url":null,"abstract":"Research on informal urbanism has shown that certain informal activities are often discouraged or seen as requiring regulation, while others are endorsed by city authorities. An indicative example is guerrilla gardening, the illicit cultivation of someone else's land, usually positively\u0000 perceived as a form of activism. This article illustrates a case from the Global South where guerrilla gardening poses a threat to public spaces, through examining how it is part of an attempt by home and business owners to spill over their legal boundaries and expand into public spaces around\u0000 their homes and businesses, most commonly for private gain, sometimes through making those spaces unusable for others. By employing ethnographic research, the article illustrates how plants are being tactically deployed to expand private space into public. It presents results of ethnographic\u0000 fieldwork in two parts of Limassol, Cyprus, a relatively poor and neglected neighbourhood and the Limassol Marina, an area that has witnessed a rapid – if not rabid – development in the past few years. It illustrates a unique case where informal tactical gardening interventions\u0000 in public space may exclude community members – sometimes even from using a public space – as opposed to most literature that considers guerrilla gardening as a pathway to producing engaging and sustainable communities. The main contributions of this article lie in the dark side\u0000 of tactical gardening which is not necessarily resistance oriented.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48182718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on sport and recreational activities, particularly football, in public open spaces in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Using conflict theory, the article explores the different ways in which sport and recreation represent individual and collective conflicts regarding the appropriation, perceptions, and experiences of urban public open spaces. Phenomenological qualitative research design was used to explore two case studies (parks) in the City of Tshwane. The research findings suggest that the conflicts due to sport and recreational activities in urban public open space can be conceptualized as reflections of struggles for equitable state resources, subtle resistance and structural power dynamics. In addition, the article finds that sport and recreation in public open space are representations of memory, cultural identity, transforming values and transforming spaces – all associated with the country's history.
{"title":"What can a Game of Football in a Public Open Space tell Us about Our Socio-Economic and Political Condition? A Case of the City of Tshwane, South Africa","authors":"Kundani Makakavhule","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.155","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on sport and recreational activities, particularly football, in public open spaces in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Using conflict theory, the article explores the different ways in which sport and recreation represent individual and collective conflicts regarding\u0000 the appropriation, perceptions, and experiences of urban public open spaces. Phenomenological qualitative research design was used to explore two case studies (parks) in the City of Tshwane. The research findings suggest that the conflicts due to sport and recreational activities in urban\u0000 public open space can be conceptualized as reflections of struggles for equitable state resources, subtle resistance and structural power dynamics. In addition, the article finds that sport and recreation in public open space are representations of memory, cultural identity, transforming values\u0000 and transforming spaces – all associated with the country's history.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43306820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The morphological characteristics of a city have a direct relationship with the human activities happening in the public spaces. If, however, the public spaces become unsafe, people may avoid them. On the other hand, safe public spaces allow free movement for everyone, which is the most basic human need and a crucial part of social sustainability. By focusing on the present-day realities that create the link between the implications for ownership and the provision of the public spaces, this research aims to understand the nature of the morphological characteristics of cities in the Global North and South and its impact on and association with fear of crime. Two case study streets in Stockholm, Sweden, and Karachi, Pakistan, are selected to establish a hypothesis. The study draws upon comprehensive data through a questionnaire survey and morphological analysis. The results suggest that the selected streets in the Global North and South show a similar morphological structure in terms of street layout, land use, plot patterns, and heights of the buildings but difference in pedestrian flows. In relation to the fear of crime, both streets show parks as risky places to visit at night. The results also show some differences in terms of people's responses to the fear of crime in relation to the city's morphology. For instance, people avoid vacant plots and petrol pumps in Karachi, while entrances to metro stations and hidden corners of buildings are considered risky places in Stockholm.
{"title":"Morphological Characteristics and Fear of Crime: A Case of Public Spaces in the Global North and South","authors":"Asifa Iqbal, Madiha Midhat","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.206","url":null,"abstract":"The morphological characteristics of a city have a direct relationship with the human activities happening in the public spaces. If, however, the public spaces become unsafe, people may avoid them. On the other hand, safe public spaces allow free movement for everyone, which is the\u0000 most basic human need and a crucial part of social sustainability. By focusing on the present-day realities that create the link between the implications for ownership and the provision of the public spaces, this research aims to understand the nature of the morphological characteristics of\u0000 cities in the Global North and South and its impact on and association with fear of crime. Two case study streets in Stockholm, Sweden, and Karachi, Pakistan, are selected to establish a hypothesis. The study draws upon comprehensive data through a questionnaire survey and morphological analysis.\u0000 The results suggest that the selected streets in the Global North and South show a similar morphological structure in terms of street layout, land use, plot patterns, and heights of the buildings but difference in pedestrian flows. In relation to the fear of crime, both streets show parks\u0000 as risky places to visit at night. The results also show some differences in terms of people's responses to the fear of crime in relation to the city's morphology. For instance, people avoid vacant plots and petrol pumps in Karachi, while entrances to metro stations and hidden corners of buildings\u0000 are considered risky places in Stockholm.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43317119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how people relate to and use outdoor spaces, particularly in densely populated areas. We investigate the transformations that took place during the 2020 lockdown and the first post-lockdown summer, with an emphasis on changes to the sound environment, in the context of a mixed-use central neighbourhood in Montreal (Plateau-Mont-Royal), Canada. Semi-structured interviews with thirteen residents, conducted in autumn 2020, showed how restrictions on the use of indoor spaces, including a ban on indoor gatherings, coupled with the transformation of home environments into work, study, and relaxation spaces drove Montreal residents to engage more with outdoor public spaces in their neighbourhoods. This resulted in extended uses in terms of area, activities, duration of stay and even time of use, and in new uses for activities once restricted to indoor spaces (e.g. family meals, celebrations). Sound played a critical role in these public space transformations, as the diversity of uses and activities brought back the sounds of human activity and even encouraged a sense of 'normality': a safe and shared form of coming together that had been lost following the COVID-19 lockdown. The study highlighted the diverse, extended roles that (outdoor) public spaces can play in everyday urban life, beyond just providing access to quiet and the sonic consequences of this use in reinforcing previously paused forms of public life. Furthermore, intentional forms of transformations of spaces, like pedestrianizations, offer flexible amenities, impromptu musical performances and organized socializing space and ful filled roles previously satisfied by third places and effectively became temporary 'fourth places'. These findings provide grounds for reimagining the future of public spaces – not only in urban practice but also in the social imaginary, especially in relation to temporary interventions and programming, as well as promoting positive sound outcomes in public spaces.
新冠肺炎大流行改变了人们与户外空间的关系和使用方式，尤其是在人口密集地区。我们调查了2020年封锁期间和封锁后第一个夏天发生的变化，重点是在加拿大蒙特利尔（Plateau Mont Royal）的一个混合用途中心街区的背景下，声音环境的变化。2020年秋季对13名居民进行的半结构化采访显示，对室内空间使用的限制，包括禁止室内聚会，加上将家庭环境转变为工作、学习和放松空间，促使蒙特利尔居民更多地参与社区的户外公共空间。这导致了在面积、活动、停留时间甚至使用时间方面的扩展使用，以及曾经仅限于室内空间的活动（如家庭用餐、庆祝活动）的新用途。声音在这些公共空间的转变中发挥了关键作用，因为使用和活动的多样性使人类活动的声音重现，甚至鼓励了一种“正常”感：一种安全和共享的聚会形式，在新冠肺炎封锁后已经消失。这项研究强调了（户外）公共空间在日常城市生活中可以发挥的多样性和扩展性作用，而不仅仅是提供安静的通道，以及这种使用在加强以前暂停的公共生活形式方面的声音后果。此外，有意的空间改造形式，如行人专用区，提供了灵活的便利设施、即兴的音乐表演和有组织的社交空间，以及以前被第三名满足的充满活力的角色，实际上成为了临时的“第四名”。这些发现为重新构想公共空间的未来提供了依据——不仅在城市实践中，而且在社会想象中，特别是在临时干预和规划方面，以及促进公共空间的积极健康结果。
{"title":"Revisiting Public Space Transformations from a Sonic Perspective during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"E. Bild, Daniel Steele, C. Guastavino","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.244","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how people relate to and use outdoor spaces, particularly in densely populated areas. We investigate the transformations that took place during the 2020 lockdown and the first post-lockdown summer, with an emphasis on changes to the sound environment,\u0000 in the context of a mixed-use central neighbourhood in Montreal (Plateau-Mont-Royal), Canada. Semi-structured interviews with thirteen residents, conducted in autumn 2020, showed how restrictions on the use of indoor spaces, including a ban on indoor gatherings, coupled with the transformation\u0000 of home environments into work, study, and relaxation spaces drove Montreal residents to engage more with outdoor public spaces in their neighbourhoods. This resulted in extended uses in terms of area, activities, duration of stay and even time of use, and in new uses for activities once restricted\u0000 to indoor spaces (e.g. family meals, celebrations). Sound played a critical role in these public space transformations, as the diversity of uses and activities brought back the sounds of human activity and even encouraged a sense of 'normality': a safe and shared form of coming together that\u0000 had been lost following the COVID-19 lockdown. The study highlighted the diverse, extended roles that (outdoor) public spaces can play in everyday urban life, beyond just providing access to quiet and the sonic consequences of this use in reinforcing previously paused forms of public life.\u0000 Furthermore, intentional forms of transformations of spaces, like pedestrianizations, offer flexible amenities, impromptu musical performances and organized socializing space and ful filled roles previously satisfied by third places and effectively became temporary 'fourth places'. These findings\u0000 provide grounds for reimagining the future of public spaces – not only in urban practice but also in the social imaginary, especially in relation to temporary interventions and programming, as well as promoting positive sound outcomes in public spaces.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41442380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dallas-Fort Worth, the fastest growing region in Texas, has been criticized for decades for auto-centric and corporate development, which has restricted the sustainable design of cultural venues in need of permeable access to the community. Meanwhile, the city's arts districts – Bishop Arts District and Deep Ellum, officially designated as Cultural Districts in the Dallas Cultural Plan – are known for their clusters of murals, live music venues, and independent businesses, which exemplify the transformation of the forgo en historic streetcar corridors into bohemian cultural destinations. This paper examines the revitalization of Deep Ellum and the Bishop Arts District that have both become successful local destinations with walkable commercial streets. First, we review the literature on cultural placemaking in a post-industrial urban context. Next, using US Census data, we explore the socio-demographic environment of the two neighbourhoods. Then, synthesizing a Geographic Information System (GIS) data set and Google Street imagery, we analyse storefronts that have been modi fied for cultural use. Urban development of cultural districts shows that reusing storefronts can and should be contextually adapted to the existing built landscape and socio-cultural environment to satisfy both communities' needs and to enhance local economic growth. In view of cultural placemaking, the city should develop a policy that increases pedestrian and transit access to cultural districts, aff ordable housing, and spaces for artists and residents, and spurs innovative, often post-retail, cultural storefront repurposing through community engagement in order to build incremental, long-term resilience.
达拉斯-沃斯堡是得克萨斯州发展最快的地区，几十年来一直因以汽车为中心的企业发展而受到批评，这限制了文化场所的可持续设计，需要渗透到社区。与此同时，该市的艺术区——毕晓普艺术区和Deep Ellum，在达拉斯文化计划中被正式指定为文化区——以其壁画群、现场音乐场所和独立企业而闻名，这些都是将放弃的历史有轨电车走廊转变为波西米亚文化目的地的典范。本文考察了Deep Ellum和Bishop Arts District的复兴，这两个地区都已成为当地成功的商业街目的地。首先，我们回顾了后工业城市背景下的文化场所建设文献。接下来，利用美国人口普查数据，我们探讨了这两个街区的社会人口环境。然后，综合地理信息系统（GIS）数据集和谷歌街道图像，我们分析了为文化用途而改造的店面。文化区的城市发展表明，重新利用店面可以而且应该与现有的建筑景观和社会文化环境相适应，以满足社区的需求并促进当地经济增长。从文化场所建设的角度来看，该市应制定一项政策，增加步行和交通进入文化区、可预订住房以及艺术家和居民的空间，并通过社区参与促进创新的、通常是零售后的文化店面重新利用，以建立增量的长期韧性。
{"title":"Rebuilding Cultural Ethos in Urban Storefronts: Two Arts Districts in Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas","authors":"Hyesun Jeong","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.1.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.1.76","url":null,"abstract":"Dallas-Fort Worth, the fastest growing region in Texas, has been criticized for decades for auto-centric and corporate development, which has restricted the sustainable design of cultural venues in need of permeable access to the community. Meanwhile, the city's arts districts –\u0000 Bishop Arts District and Deep Ellum, officially designated as Cultural Districts in the Dallas Cultural Plan – are known for their clusters of murals, live music venues, and independent businesses, which exemplify the transformation of the forgo en historic streetcar corridors into bohemian\u0000 cultural destinations. This paper examines the revitalization of Deep Ellum and the Bishop Arts District that have both become successful local destinations with walkable commercial streets. First, we review the literature on cultural placemaking in a post-industrial urban context. Next, using\u0000 US Census data, we explore the socio-demographic environment of the two neighbourhoods. Then, synthesizing a Geographic Information System (GIS) data set and Google Street imagery, we analyse storefronts that have been modi fied for cultural use. Urban development of cultural districts shows\u0000 that reusing storefronts can and should be contextually adapted to the existing built landscape and socio-cultural environment to satisfy both communities' needs and to enhance local economic growth. In view of cultural placemaking, the city should develop a policy that increases pedestrian\u0000 and transit access to cultural districts, aff ordable housing, and spaces for artists and residents, and spurs innovative, often post-retail, cultural storefront repurposing through community engagement in order to build incremental, long-term resilience.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45340104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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