Theories of the formation of creole syntax have been proposed to explain whether substrates and superstrates influence the resultant creole structures, and if so, what the mechanisms are by which they influence them. Using the framework of feature transfer, this study investigates features in Malacca Portuguese (MP), a Portuguese-based creole spoken in Malaysia. Citing grammatical characteristics such as aspect particles, I investigate similarities between features in MP and Malay, and how these similarities could have transferred from Malay to a Portuguese lexical item to create a grammatical words in MP. . I also discuss short/long variation in personal pronouns, as well as other features such as TAM markers and auxiliaries, and investigate how they have come about from a partial feature transfer from Malay. I propose that in this particular case a substrate has affected creole syntax, and provide evidence of how this has occurred. While a much more substantial exploration of this phenomenon is essential, I put forth a hypothesis about how the short/long distinction in pronouns functions in MP.
{"title":"The Transmission of Substrate Features","authors":"R. Laub","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of the formation of creole syntax have been proposed to explain whether substrates and superstrates influence the resultant creole structures, and if so, what the mechanisms are by which they influence them. Using the framework of feature transfer, this study investigates features in Malacca Portuguese (MP), a Portuguese-based creole spoken in Malaysia. Citing grammatical characteristics such as aspect particles, I investigate similarities between features in MP and Malay, and how these similarities could have transferred from Malay to a Portuguese lexical item to create a grammatical words in MP. . I also discuss short/long variation in personal pronouns, as well as other features such as TAM markers and auxiliaries, and investigate how they have come about from a partial feature transfer from Malay. I propose that in this particular case a substrate has affected creole syntax, and provide evidence of how this has occurred. While a much more substantial exploration of this phenomenon is essential, I put forth a hypothesis about how the short/long distinction in pronouns functions in MP.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78710143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelabit is a Western Austronesian language spoken in Northern Sarawak, Malaysia. This paper provides a guide to the Kelabit documentation project, contextualising the materials collected, and discussing the research methods used. It is hoped that this will make the project outputs more accessible and provide a useful reference for researchers and communities looking to document similar phenomena in related languages.
{"title":"Methods in Language Documentation and Description: A Guide to the Kelabit Documentation Project","authors":"C. Hemmings","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Kelabit is a Western Austronesian language spoken in Northern Sarawak, Malaysia. This paper provides a guide to the Kelabit documentation project, contextualising the materials collected, and discussing the research methods used. It is hoped that this will make the project outputs more accessible and provide a useful reference for researchers and communities looking to document similar phenomena in related languages.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74292376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines development and revitalisation initiatives for the Bidayuh language, spoken in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Bidayuh has six main variants which are not mutually intelligible. In addition, it is mainly used in rural settings and is not the main language of choice in mixed marriages. Moreover, Bidayuh did not have a standardised orthography until 2003. These factors have affected the development of the language, which is to be contrasted with the Iban language, spoken by the main ethnic group in Sarawak, which is currently offered in primary schools as Pupil’s Own Language (POL) and as an elective subject in the secondary school Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination. The focus of this article is the language development and revitalization initiatives undertaken by various stakeholders between 1963 (the year of the formation of the Federation of Malaysia) and today. Special attention will be paid to the outcome of the Multilingual Education (MLE) project, which is an extension of the Bidayuh Language Development Project (BLDP) initiated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Asia, and undertaken by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) and the Dayak Bidayuh National Association (DBNA). Interviews with representatives of the community were conducted to discover their perceptions towards these initiatives, and to identify factors that might contribute to their success and/or failure. The article ends with some suggestions about how to improve the success of language revitalisation initiatives for Bidayuh.
这篇文章探讨了在东马来西亚沙捞越使用的比达耶语的发展和复兴计划。Bidayuh有六个主要的变体，它们不能相互理解。此外，它主要用于农村环境，并不是跨国婚姻的主要选择语言。此外，Bidayuh直到2003年才有了标准化的正字法。这些因素影响了该语言的发展，该语言与沙捞越主要民族使用的伊班语形成对比，伊班语目前在小学作为学生自己的语言(POL)提供，并作为中学Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM)考试的选修科目。本文的重点是1963年(马来西亚联邦成立之年)至今，各利益相关方所采取的语言发展和振兴举措。将特别关注多语种教育(MLE)项目的结果，该项目是由联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)在亚洲发起的比达耶乌语言发展项目(BLDP)的延伸，由夏季语言学研究所(SIL)和达雅克比达耶乌民族协会(DBNA)承担。与社区代表进行了访谈，以了解他们对这些倡议的看法，并确定可能导致其成功和/或失败的因素。文章最后就如何提高比达耶族语言振兴计划的成功率提出了一些建议。
{"title":"Examining Language Development and Revitalisation Initiatives","authors":"Patricia Nora Riget, Yvonne Michelle Campbell","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines development and revitalisation initiatives for the Bidayuh language, spoken in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Bidayuh has six main variants which are not mutually intelligible. In addition, it is mainly used in rural settings and is not the main language of choice in mixed marriages. Moreover, Bidayuh did not have a standardised orthography until 2003. These factors have affected the development of the language, which is to be contrasted with the Iban language, spoken by the main ethnic group in Sarawak, which is currently offered in primary schools as Pupil’s Own Language (POL) and as an elective subject in the secondary school Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination. The focus of this article is the language development and revitalization initiatives undertaken by various stakeholders between 1963 (the year of the formation of the Federation of Malaysia) and today. Special attention will be paid to the outcome of the Multilingual Education (MLE) project, which is an extension of the Bidayuh Language Development Project (BLDP) initiated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Asia, and undertaken by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) and the Dayak Bidayuh National Association (DBNA). Interviews with representatives of the community were conducted to discover their perceptions towards these initiatives, and to identify factors that might contribute to their success and/or failure. The article ends with some suggestions about how to improve the success of language revitalisation initiatives for Bidayuh.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85746395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language Description, Documentation and Revitalisation of Languages in Malaysia","authors":"P. Austin, S. Pillai","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73558918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper considers aspects of identity among the Eastern Penan of Borneo,[1] in the approximately half century since many have transitioned from full-time hunting and gathering to a partial or fully sedentary existence, in both Brunei Darussalam (henceforth, Brunei) and East Malaysia. Despite settlement, many Eastern Penan continue to project aspects of hunting and gathering behaviour (at both the individual and community level) through a number of traits such as: social organisation, lifestyle, and nostalgia for the past. Nonetheless, following their move to settlement, there has been more continuous and intense interaction with settled neighbours and state proxies. Through this, Eastern Penan have come to demonstrate identity features that align with neighbours, as well as the nation state in each country, in a number of ways. This paper is based on periods of field work (spanning several decades), in both Brunei and East Malaysia, during a time of considerable change, especially regarding how the physical environment has been exploited in Malaysia. This paper provides a snapshot of Eastern Penan identity which, rather than having fundamentally shifted, appears to have diversified over time as reflected through evolving social circumstances and ways these have impinged on lifestyle, language repertoire, and cultural affiliations among the Eastern Penan.
{"title":"Identity and Eastern Penan in Borneo","authors":"P. Sercombe","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers aspects of identity among the Eastern Penan of Borneo,[1] in the approximately half century since many have transitioned from full-time hunting and gathering to a partial or fully sedentary existence, in both Brunei Darussalam (henceforth, Brunei) and East Malaysia. Despite settlement, many Eastern Penan continue to project aspects of hunting and gathering behaviour (at both the individual and community level) through a number of traits such as: social organisation, lifestyle, and nostalgia for the past. Nonetheless, following their move to settlement, there has been more continuous and intense interaction with settled neighbours and state proxies. Through this, Eastern Penan have come to demonstrate identity features that align with neighbours, as well as the nation state in each country, in a number of ways. This paper is based on periods of field work (spanning several decades), in both Brunei and East Malaysia, during a time of considerable change, especially regarding how the physical environment has been exploited in Malaysia. This paper provides a snapshot of Eastern Penan identity which, rather than having fundamentally shifted, appears to have diversified over time as reflected through evolving social circumstances and ways these have impinged on lifestyle, language repertoire, and cultural affiliations among the Eastern Penan.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79968848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multilingual country where over 130 languages are spoken by a population of around 32 million people. In spite of such diversity, only one language is official: Malay. English and Mandarin are very widespread, and in many cases, they are slowly replacing the local ethnic languages. This paper attempts to gauge the extent of language shift and displacement of the family heritage language (the language(s) spoken by parents or grandparents) among 189 students from the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. The ethnolinguistic vitality of these languages within this particular population was determined through a sociolinguistic survey on language use and attitudes. The article closes with some thoughts on the factors that might explain the results obtained, and what could be done to improve the situation.
{"title":"Heritage Language Vitality among University Students in Malaysia","authors":"P. Coluzzi","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multilingual country where over 130 languages are spoken by a population of around 32 million people. In spite of such diversity, only one language is official: Malay. English and Mandarin are very widespread, and in many cases, they are slowly replacing the local ethnic languages. This paper attempts to gauge the extent of language shift and displacement of the family heritage language (the language(s) spoken by parents or grandparents) among 189 students from the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. The ethnolinguistic vitality of these languages within this particular population was determined through a sociolinguistic survey on language use and attitudes. The article closes with some thoughts on the factors that might explain the results obtained, and what could be done to improve the situation.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76290015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hakka has been the lingua franca used among various Chinese groups in Sabah, Malaysia, since the 1950s. Economic development and de-emphasis on ethnic identity within Chinese communities throughout Malaysia is now forcing Sabah Hakkas to confront external pressures on their language and culture. Language shift from Hakka is in progress as young Hakkas prefer speaking Mandarin, while their parents feel responsible for maintaining Hakka. This article presents a case study of family language policies in four Hakka families in Sabah. Whether a particular language is used in the family and passed down to the next generation is one of the significant points of enquiry in studying language shift. In this study, parents’ ethnic identity, children’s language choices, and the factors affecting family language policy are examined. The findings show that the quintessence of Hakka culture in Sabah is the Hakka language, and this helps to keep the language alive at home. However, concern for children’s education and wider social factors such as globalisation, economic changes and the media are influencing language practices in Hakka families.
{"title":"Family Language Policy in a Hakka Community in Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Chih-i Liao","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Hakka has been the lingua franca used among various Chinese groups in Sabah, Malaysia, since the 1950s. Economic development and de-emphasis on ethnic identity within Chinese communities throughout Malaysia is now forcing Sabah Hakkas to confront external pressures on their language and culture. Language shift from Hakka is in progress as young Hakkas prefer speaking Mandarin, while their parents feel responsible for maintaining Hakka. This article presents a case study of family language policies in four Hakka families in Sabah. Whether a particular language is used in the family and passed down to the next generation is one of the significant points of enquiry in studying language shift. In this study, parents’ ethnic identity, children’s language choices, and the factors affecting family language policy are examined. The findings show that the quintessence of Hakka culture in Sabah is the Hakka language, and this helps to keep the language alive at home. However, concern for children’s education and wider social factors such as globalisation, economic changes and the media are influencing language practices in Hakka families.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73699023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engaged intellectuals, for the purposes of this paper, are academics who ask themselves what they can do to maximize the role of their academic and other activities in making the world a better place. This paper recounts and reflects on the experiences of the author and others as they have attempted to put their academic and other skills and understandings to the service of the greater good. These experiences touch on such areas as wildlife conservation, gendered images, the relative role of individuals in social change, Social Interdependence Theory, student centered education, free online publications, Creative Commons, Communities of Practice, organizations of intellectuals, poverty alleviation, plant-based eating, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The paper also discusses the author’s own sizeable inadequacies in his attempts to be an engaged intellectuals and the difficulties academics face in changing the world from their place in academia. The author concludes by encouraging intellectuals to make frequent trips outside the familiar comforts of the ivory tower to engage with others in using the many wonders of the modern and natural world to address the many challenges we face.
{"title":"How to be an engaged intellectual: Case studies and reflections","authors":"G. Jacobs","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol29no1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol29no1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Engaged intellectuals, for the purposes of this paper, are academics who ask themselves what they can do to maximize the role of their academic and other activities in making the world a better place. This paper recounts and reflects on the experiences of the author and others as they have attempted to put their academic and other skills and understandings to the service of the greater good. These experiences touch on such areas as wildlife conservation, gendered images, the relative role of individuals in social change, Social Interdependence Theory, student centered education, free online publications, Creative Commons, Communities of Practice, organizations of intellectuals, poverty alleviation, plant-based eating, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The paper also discusses the author’s own sizeable inadequacies in his attempts to be an engaged intellectuals and the difficulties academics face in changing the world from their place in academia. The author concludes by encouraging intellectuals to make frequent trips outside the familiar comforts of the ivory tower to engage with others in using the many wonders of the modern and natural world to address the many challenges we face.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76236428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While studies have investigated the strategies used by Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners to learn new words and the relationship with their current vocabulary knowledge, there is a lack of studies that examine the vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) and vocabulary sizes of Chinese students studying abroad in the L2 context. In view of the increasing number of Chinese students studying in ESL communities, this study aims to determine the vocabulary size of Chinese undergraduates at a high-ranking public university in Malaysia – Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) – and to discover the extent to which they employ a range of VLSs. Accordingly, 30 students enrolled in various degree programmes were randomly selected to take part in this study. The vocabulary size test (Schmitt, Schmitt, & Clapham, 2001) and a vocabulary level questionnaire based on Schmitt’s (1997) taxonomy of VLSs were adopted as the data collection instruments. The findings showed that, on average, the participants have a “Threshold” vocabulary size at the 3,000 and the 5,000-word level, which according to Schmitt et al. (2001) enables learners in reading different authentic texts. However, Nation and Beglar (2007), Schmitt and Schmitt (2014), Coxhead, Nation, and Sim (2015) suggested that non-native undergraduates studying in English as a medium of instruction (EMI) colleges and universities require a vocabulary size of 9,000-word family. The findings of this research raised important concerns that require our attention on the Chinese undergraduates studying in EMI context are at risk due to their insufficient vocabulary size. Moreover, results also revealed that the participants used direct VLSs such as memory and cognitive strategies the most. Taken together, the findings of this research provide insights into undergraduates’ overall inadequate vocabulary size, and how different VLSs were employed to cope with academic demands.
虽然有研究调查了中国英语学习者学习新单词的策略及其与现有词汇知识的关系，但对中国留学生在二语语境下的词汇学习策略和词汇量的研究却很少。鉴于越来越多的中国学生在ESL社区学习，本研究旨在确定马来西亚一所高级公立大学——马来西亚博特拉大学(UPM)的中国本科生的词汇量，并发现他们使用一系列VLSs的程度。因此，我们随机选择了30名攻读不同学位课程的学生参加这项研究。采用词汇量测试(Schmitt, Schmitt， & Clapham, 2001)和基于Schmitt (1997) VLSs分类的词汇水平问卷作为数据收集工具。研究结果表明，平均而言，参与者的“阈值”词汇量在3,000和5,000单词水平，根据Schmitt等人(2001)的说法，这使学习者能够阅读不同的真实文本。然而，Nation and Beglar(2007)、Schmitt and Schmitt(2014)、Coxhead、Nation and Sim(2015)提出，在EMI(英语作为教学媒介)学院学习的非母语本科生需要9000个单词的家庭词汇量。本研究的结果提出了需要我们关注的重要问题，即在EMI环境下学习的中国本科生由于词汇量不足而面临风险。此外，研究结果还显示，参与者使用记忆和认知策略等直接VLSs最多。综上所述，本研究的发现有助于了解大学生词汇量的整体不足，以及不同的VLSs是如何被用来应对学术需求的。
{"title":"Vocabulary size and vocabulary learning strategy usage among Chinese undergraduates at Universiti Putra Malaysia","authors":"Yasir Bdaiwi Jasim, Arifur Rahman, Yu-han Ma","doi":"10.22452/JML.VOL29NO1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JML.VOL29NO1.5","url":null,"abstract":"While studies have investigated the strategies used by Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners to learn new words and the relationship with their current vocabulary knowledge, there is a lack of studies that examine the vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) and vocabulary sizes of Chinese students studying abroad in the L2 context. In view of the increasing number of Chinese students studying in ESL communities, this study aims to determine the vocabulary size of Chinese undergraduates at a high-ranking public university in Malaysia – Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) – and to discover the extent to which they employ a range of VLSs. Accordingly, 30 students enrolled in various degree programmes were randomly selected to take part in this study. The vocabulary size test (Schmitt, Schmitt, & Clapham, 2001) and a vocabulary level questionnaire based on Schmitt’s (1997) taxonomy of VLSs were adopted as the data collection instruments. The findings showed that, on average, the participants have a “Threshold” vocabulary size at the 3,000 and the 5,000-word level, which according to Schmitt et al. (2001) enables learners in reading different authentic texts. However, Nation and Beglar (2007), Schmitt and Schmitt (2014), Coxhead, Nation, and Sim (2015) suggested that non-native undergraduates studying in English as a medium of instruction (EMI) colleges and universities require a vocabulary size of 9,000-word family. The findings of this research raised important concerns that require our attention on the Chinese undergraduates studying in EMI context are at risk due to their insufficient vocabulary size. Moreover, results also revealed that the participants used direct VLSs such as memory and cognitive strategies the most. Taken together, the findings of this research provide insights into undergraduates’ overall inadequate vocabulary size, and how different VLSs were employed to cope with academic demands.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88813454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An increasing number of foreign language learners with multilingual backgrounds have generated much interest in teaching approaches that activate the learners' knowledge of linguistic features in their previously learned languages, while reinforcing cognitive skills attained during previous language learning experiences. Although approaches to multilingual students have commonly involved fostering an awareness of related lexical and syntactical structures between source and target languages, exploring the activation of previous phonetic and phonological knowledge has been far less common. This exploratory study pays particular attention to the acquisition of L3-German vowels in learners with an English L2 and a Philippine language-L1. It charts phonetic production in a population of 22 Filipino students who have received explicit phonetic instruction, albeit with varying L3-German proficiency levels. The results suggest that appropriate training and increased proficiency can lead to the creation of new phonetic categories for previously unknown sounds that are distinct from already existing vowel spaces in the L1, L2 and L3.
{"title":"Are new sounds learned in an FL context?","authors":"F. Cruz","doi":"10.22452/JML.VOL29NO1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JML.VOL29NO1.4","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of foreign language learners with multilingual backgrounds have generated much interest in teaching approaches that activate the learners' knowledge of linguistic features in their previously learned languages, while reinforcing cognitive skills attained during previous language learning experiences. Although approaches to multilingual students have commonly involved fostering an awareness of related lexical and syntactical structures between source and target languages, exploring the activation of previous phonetic and phonological knowledge has been far less common. This exploratory study pays particular attention to the acquisition of L3-German vowels in learners with an English L2 and a Philippine language-L1. It charts phonetic production in a population of 22 Filipino students who have received explicit phonetic instruction, albeit with varying L3-German proficiency levels. The results suggest that appropriate training and increased proficiency can lead to the creation of new phonetic categories for previously unknown sounds that are distinct from already existing vowel spaces in the L1, L2 and L3.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79181631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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