This research descriptively examines number marking in Izere nouns, using morpholexical rules as proposed by Lieber (1980). In essence, it describes noun inflections for number from base forms in Izere, with the aid of these rules. Data for the research were collected in Fobur, Jos East Local Government Area of Plateau State, using selected nouns from the Ibadan wordlist of 400 basic items, alongside an adapted list of nouns specifically designed for the research. The selected nouns were collected electronically and then transcribed in a way that identified the inflected noun forms from the base ones. The data were then analyzed qualitatively. Morpholexical rules were also proposed to account for morphological changes in the inflected forms of these nouns. The research findings indicate that affixation, tone pattern change and suppletion are the dominant morphological processes that account for noun inflections for number in Izere.
{"title":"A study of number marking in Izere nouns","authors":"Adewumi Anthony Erin","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This research descriptively examines number marking in Izere nouns, using morpholexical rules as proposed by Lieber (1980). In essence, it describes noun inflections for number from base forms in Izere, with the aid of these rules. Data for the research were collected in Fobur, Jos East Local Government Area of Plateau State, using selected nouns from the Ibadan wordlist of 400 basic items, alongside an adapted list of nouns specifically designed for the research. The selected nouns were collected electronically and then transcribed in a way that identified the inflected noun forms from the base ones. The data were then analyzed qualitatively. Morpholexical rules were also proposed to account for morphological changes in the inflected forms of these nouns. The research findings indicate that affixation, tone pattern change and suppletion are the dominant morphological processes that account for noun inflections for number in Izere.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72619287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ungku Khairunnisa Ungku Mohd Nordin, Surinderpal Kaur
International media have reported on the Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham (ISIS), an international terrorist organisation based in Syria and Iraq since 2014. Women, often young and unmarried, were leaving their homes and families to sneak into Syria and join ISIS, according to reports in the international media (Neumann, 2015). Sjoberg &Gentry (2011) assert that the media's portrayal of female terrorists and the factors that encourage women to support terrorist organisations have not been sufficiently investigated. This study examines the discursive strategies employed by ISIS-affiliated media outlets to represent female sympathisers as muhajirahs. Using Critical Discourse Analysis – the Discourse Historical Approach (Resigl, 2017), this paper will analyse the diverse and often contested ways in which the Self versus Other (Wodak, 2009) schemata is prominent in the representations of ISIS female sympathisers. The data were taken from ISIS-affiliated media, including the Manifesto from the Al Khannssa Brigade and six Dabiq magazines. This paper will focus on referential, predicational and argumentation strategies (topoi) in the selected ISIS-affiliated media. This paper intends to pave the way for an examination of gender and terrorism that explores the complexities of representations by examining gender through multiple lenses.
{"title":"Female Sympathisers of ISIS as Muhajirahs in ISIS-Affiliated Media","authors":"Ungku Khairunnisa Ungku Mohd Nordin, Surinderpal Kaur","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no2.3","url":null,"abstract":"International media have reported on the Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham (ISIS), an international terrorist organisation based in Syria and Iraq since 2014. Women, often young and unmarried, were leaving their homes and families to sneak into Syria and join ISIS, according to reports in the international media (Neumann, 2015). Sjoberg &Gentry (2011) assert that the media's portrayal of female terrorists and the factors that encourage women to support terrorist organisations have not been sufficiently investigated. This study examines the discursive strategies employed by ISIS-affiliated media outlets to represent female sympathisers as muhajirahs. Using Critical Discourse Analysis – the Discourse Historical Approach (Resigl, 2017), this paper will analyse the diverse and often contested ways in which the Self versus Other (Wodak, 2009) schemata is prominent in the representations of ISIS female sympathisers. The data were taken from ISIS-affiliated media, including the Manifesto from the Al Khannssa Brigade and six Dabiq magazines. This paper will focus on referential, predicational and argumentation strategies (topoi) in the selected ISIS-affiliated media. This paper intends to pave the way for an examination of gender and terrorism that explores the complexities of representations by examining gender through multiple lenses.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81325200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur 'Azzah Zakaria, S. Jamaluddin, Wan Ahmad Wan Aslynn, G. O'Beirne, Nur Awatif Zulkeflee, Atiffah Zawani Abd Razak
The selection of material is important in the development of a paediatric speech perception test. Even though several studies have documented various sources of speech testing materials, using corpus was recommended to develop a Matrix Sentence Test (MST). However, as available Malay corpus was limited to written words only, this research aims to construct a Paediatric Malay corpus from a combination of written and spoken words of children in Malaysia and to develop word-based matrix (WBM) for the Paediatric Malay Matrix Sentence Test (PaedMalayMST) based on the developed corpus. The WBM replicates the Malay grammatical structure in these three categories: number, object, and adjective. Based on these criteria, the words from the developed corpus were then filtered by considering the frequency of occurrences and its phonemic distributions to be included in the WBM. As a result, a matrix of three categories with six words for each category was constructed.
{"title":"The Development of Paediatric Malay Matrix Sentence Test (PaedMalayMST) Materials through the Construction of a Paediatric Malay Corpus","authors":"Nur 'Azzah Zakaria, S. Jamaluddin, Wan Ahmad Wan Aslynn, G. O'Beirne, Nur Awatif Zulkeflee, Atiffah Zawani Abd Razak","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of material is important in the development of a paediatric speech perception test. Even though several studies have documented various sources of speech testing materials, using corpus was recommended to develop a Matrix Sentence Test (MST). However, as available Malay corpus was limited to written words only, this research aims to construct a Paediatric Malay corpus from a combination of written and spoken words of children in Malaysia and to develop word-based matrix (WBM) for the Paediatric Malay Matrix Sentence Test (PaedMalayMST) based on the developed corpus. The WBM replicates the Malay grammatical structure in these three categories: number, object, and adjective. Based on these criteria, the words from the developed corpus were then filtered by considering the frequency of occurrences and its phonemic distributions to be included in the WBM. As a result, a matrix of three categories with six words for each category was constructed.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75688308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies on audio-visual translation indicate that there is a gap in the exploration of translation strategies in the Malaysian movie subtitling context and the quality of Malay to English subtitle translations. This study aimed to explore the strategies used in the subtitle translations of the Malaysian movie Ejen Ali: The Movie and evaluate the accuracy level of the translations associated with the identified strategies. Ten translation strategies developed by Gottlieb (1992), and the parameter of “accuracy” was purposefully selected out of the three criteria of the translation quality assessment proposed by Nababan et al., (2012) as the theoretical framework of this study. The three main strategies used in the most accurate translations were “transfer”, “paraphrase”, and “expansion”. The subtitling of this movie was generally found accurate. In most of the accurate translations “transfer” strategy was utilized, whereas “dislocation” was identified in most of the inaccurate translations. Moreover, the findings revealed that there were inaccuracies in the translations which could have been avoided by using other relevant strategies. Gottlieb’s nine of 10 strategies (except transcription) in addition to the nine mixed strategies were identified and described in the process of analysis.
以往的视听翻译研究表明，在马来西亚电影字幕语境下的翻译策略探索和马来语到英语字幕翻译质量方面存在空白。本研究旨在探讨马来西亚电影《艾恩阿里:电影》字幕翻译中使用的策略，并评估与所识别策略相关的翻译的准确性水平。Gottlieb(1992)提出了十种翻译策略，在Nababan et al.(2012)提出的翻译质量评估的三个标准中，我们有意选择了“准确性”参数作为本研究的理论框架。在最准确的翻译中使用的三种主要策略是“转移”，“意译”和“扩展”。人们普遍认为这部电影的字幕很准确。准确译文多采用“迁移”策略，而不准确译文多采用“错位”策略。此外，研究结果还表明，在翻译中存在一些错误，这些错误可以通过使用其他相关策略来避免。在分析过程中，识别并描述了Gottlieb的10种策略中的9种(转录除外)以及9种混合策略。
{"title":"Subtitling Strategies and Translation Accuracy in the Malay to English Translation of “Ejen Ali: The Movie”","authors":"Pavithra Devi Batmanathan, Mansour Amini, Bita Naghmeh Abbaspour","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on audio-visual translation indicate that there is a gap in the exploration of translation strategies in the Malaysian movie subtitling context and the quality of Malay to English subtitle translations. This study aimed to explore the strategies used in the subtitle translations of the Malaysian movie Ejen Ali: The Movie and evaluate the accuracy level of the translations associated with the identified strategies. Ten translation strategies developed by Gottlieb (1992), and the parameter of “accuracy” was purposefully selected out of the three criteria of the translation quality assessment proposed by Nababan et al., (2012) as the theoretical framework of this study. The three main strategies used in the most accurate translations were “transfer”, “paraphrase”, and “expansion”. The subtitling of this movie was generally found accurate. In most of the accurate translations “transfer” strategy was utilized, whereas “dislocation” was identified in most of the inaccurate translations. Moreover, the findings revealed that there were inaccuracies in the translations which could have been avoided by using other relevant strategies. Gottlieb’s nine of 10 strategies (except transcription) in addition to the nine mixed strategies were identified and described in the process of analysis.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81096597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nominal compounds, which are very productive in Berom, are formed by combining the noun and verb constituents. The NV compounds are interpreted as the agent, location, or instrument based on the meaning of the existing nominal constituent. This study analyses the semantics of two types of Berom agentive compounds: mwat tabak ‘preacher, [literally, person shoot]’ and mwat ha ‘speaker, [literally, person talk]’. First, both words are realized from the NV structure and the agentive meaning of the compounds is derived from the interpretation of an unspecified N [mwat] that performs the action which is apparently expressed by the V constituent in mwat ha and an action that is not expressed by the V constituent in mwat tabak. Secondly, the two compounds lack the deverbal suffix such as the English -er that is usually attached to agentive nouns and as such they are both treated as compounds with different semantic realizations. The analyses show that the two constructions vary significantly not only in terms of semantics, but also in their specific role and interpretation of the action expressed by the verbal constituent. We argued that the agent nouns in the compounds employ diverse prosodic features such as tone and pitch, in the activity that the compound revealed. Consequently, we conclude that the meaning of agentive compounds in Berom may not necessarily be determined by the structural and semantic property of the compound but by the interaction between the constituents and the relevant context of usage.
{"title":"Characteristics of exocentric nominal compounds in Berom: A semantic view of the noun-verb agentive mwat tabak and mwat ha","authors":"P. Marcus, Teng Teng Yap","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Nominal compounds, which are very productive in Berom, are formed by combining the noun and verb constituents. The NV compounds are interpreted as the agent, location, or instrument based on the meaning of the existing nominal constituent. This study analyses the semantics of two types of Berom agentive compounds: mwat tabak ‘preacher, [literally, person shoot]’ and mwat ha ‘speaker, [literally, person talk]’. First, both words are realized from the NV structure and the agentive meaning of the compounds is derived from the interpretation of an unspecified N [mwat] that performs the action which is apparently expressed by the V constituent in mwat ha and an action that is not expressed by the V constituent in mwat tabak. Secondly, the two compounds lack the deverbal suffix such as the English -er that is usually attached to agentive nouns and as such they are both treated as compounds with different semantic realizations. The analyses show that the two constructions vary significantly not only in terms of semantics, but also in their specific role and interpretation of the action expressed by the verbal constituent. We argued that the agent nouns in the compounds employ diverse prosodic features such as tone and pitch, in the activity that the compound revealed. Consequently, we conclude that the meaning of agentive compounds in Berom may not necessarily be determined by the structural and semantic property of the compound but by the interaction between the constituents and the relevant context of usage.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77140902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Address terms are important language components that represent the existing norms and practices of behaviour, holding specific contextual meanings in society and adding meanings beyond linguistic codes. This paper explores the connection of Bangla address terms with various parameters like age, religious identity, power position, social relationship, ratio of intimacy, and geo-spatial cultural variation through a close analysis of selected discourses. Based on these parameters, it is found that Bangla speakers use a wide range of address terms, which is a special feature of this language, in contrast to English or other languages. In Bangladeshi societies, kinship terms reflect the relationships among the addresser and the addressee, which vary based on paternal and maternal sides, and in different religious and cultural contexts. By employing a qualitative approach to explore the social interaction process, this paper sheds light on the use of Bangla address terms in a culturally diverse context from a sociolinguistic perspective.
{"title":"Representation of social class and hierarchy in Bangla address terms","authors":"Shayla Sharmin Snigdha","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Address terms are important language components that represent the existing norms and practices of behaviour, holding specific contextual meanings in society and adding meanings beyond linguistic codes. This paper explores the connection of Bangla address terms with various parameters like age, religious identity, power position, social relationship, ratio of intimacy, and geo-spatial cultural variation through a close analysis of selected discourses. Based on these parameters, it is found that Bangla speakers use a wide range of address terms, which is a special feature of this language, in contrast to English or other languages. In Bangladeshi societies, kinship terms reflect the relationships among the addresser and the addressee, which vary based on paternal and maternal sides, and in different religious and cultural contexts. By employing a qualitative approach to explore the social interaction process, this paper sheds light on the use of Bangla address terms in a culturally diverse context from a sociolinguistic perspective.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83068529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concomitance of several minority languages side by side with Arabic has played a significant role in enriching Oman’s linguistic diversity. Associated largely with the home domain, the vitality of these languages is highly dependent on the attention availed by their own native speakers to their usage and inter-generational transmission. The existence of some of these languages is not commonly recognised, nor is their status failsafe. Owing to a certain degree of lexical resemblance amongst these languages, inter alia, some of them are often viewed and presented as dialects of one another rather than distinct languages of their own, a fact that has fed into unmeant obliviousness of their existence. Unbeknownst to many people even in Oman, Maimani is one unique case that merits exploration. Due to some unsubstantiated linguistic and ethnic considerations, Maimani is often mistakenly viewed as a dialect diverging from Baluchi, an Indo-Iranian language spoken in Oman as well as other homeland countries such as Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. This paper, to that effect, is an attempt to cast some light on this understudied language and to bring it some due notice. A closer look at a sample of its lexicon based on the Swadesh one hundred word list reveals that Maimani has a slight portion of shared lexical items with Baluchi and a minimal degree of mutual intelligibility. Contrary to expectation, Maimani has plenty of common lexical items with Lawati, another nearby member of the Indo-Iranian language family that is not commonly linked to Maimani. The findings show that Maimani lexical resemblance and mutual intelligibility to Lawati is greatly significant that they appear to be dichotomous varieties branching from the same language.
{"title":"Maimani Language and Lawati Language: Two Sides of the Same Coin?","authors":"S. A. Al Jahdhami","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The concomitance of several minority languages side by side with Arabic has played a significant role in enriching Oman’s linguistic diversity. Associated largely with the home domain, the vitality of these languages is highly dependent on the attention availed by their own native speakers to their usage and inter-generational transmission. The existence of some of these languages is not commonly recognised, nor is their status failsafe. Owing to a certain degree of lexical resemblance amongst these languages, inter alia, some of them are often viewed and presented as dialects of one another rather than distinct languages of their own, a fact that has fed into unmeant obliviousness of their existence. Unbeknownst to many people even in Oman, Maimani is one unique case that merits exploration. Due to some unsubstantiated linguistic and ethnic considerations, Maimani is often mistakenly viewed as a dialect diverging from Baluchi, an Indo-Iranian language spoken in Oman as well as other homeland countries such as Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. This paper, to that effect, is an attempt to cast some light on this understudied language and to bring it some due notice. A closer look at a sample of its lexicon based on the Swadesh one hundred word list reveals that Maimani has a slight portion of shared lexical items with Baluchi and a minimal degree of mutual intelligibility. Contrary to expectation, Maimani has plenty of common lexical items with Lawati, another nearby member of the Indo-Iranian language family that is not commonly linked to Maimani. The findings show that Maimani lexical resemblance and mutual intelligibility to Lawati is greatly significant that they appear to be dichotomous varieties branching from the same language.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86235952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study establishes the Malaysian chairperson statements from the socio-cognitive and professional practice perspectives. It identifies the move structure of 53 chairperson statements and metadiscourse strategies based on questionnaire and interview responses collected from 39 investors and 3 professional members. Three informational moves are used to assist investment decisions while seven non-informational moves are intended to build good image and good will, and to ensure compliance to requirements. Self-mentions, attitude markers, frame markers and transitions are also used to affectively realise the promotional and interpersonal moves. The chairperson statements are interdiscursively informational, promotional, and public relational. This research highlights pedagogy implications for English for Professional Communication (EPC) programmes, and recommendations for future studies.
{"title":"Socio-cognitive and Professional Practice Perspectives on Chairperson Statements","authors":"Vivian Chiew Ling Yee, C. Cheong","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The study establishes the Malaysian chairperson statements from the socio-cognitive and professional practice perspectives. It identifies the move structure of 53 chairperson statements and metadiscourse strategies based on questionnaire and interview responses collected from 39 investors and 3 professional members. Three informational moves are used to assist investment decisions while seven non-informational moves are intended to build good image and good will, and to ensure compliance to requirements. Self-mentions, attitude markers, frame markers and transitions are also used to affectively realise the promotional and interpersonal moves. The chairperson statements are interdiscursively informational, promotional, and public relational. This research highlights pedagogy implications for English for Professional Communication (EPC) programmes, and recommendations for future studies.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74264560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Chai, Hui Yi Ong, Mansour Amini, Latha Ravindran
Culture is a way of life and embodiment of civilizations that is expressed through a language. The transfer of culture is a significant aspect of audio-visual translation as translators deal with more than just the written texts on surface level. Translating culture-specific items on paper cutting is an intercultural communication. However, translating cultural items in subtitling could cause challenges and problems for translators during the translation process. In this qualitative study, the translation strategies and challenges were explored in the subtitling of a Chinese cultural documentary on the art of papercutting titled The Life of Paper-cutting (剪紙人生; Jiǎn zhǐ rén shēng) retrieved from YouTube. The original video was subtitled to identify the challenges in subtitling. The strategies and challenges were first identified and then the process was described. It was found that the most appropriate translation strategies were omission, direct transfer, equivalence, and adaptation. The analysis revealed that the challenges were mainly technical, cultural, and linguistic. The findings can be used as a guide to utilise the translation strategies effectively in subtitling translations of similar audio-visual products to tackle the challenges faced in the Chinese to English translation of culture-specific items.
{"title":"The Art of Paper Cutting: Strategies and Challenges in Chinese to English Subtitle Translation of Cultural Items","authors":"William Chai, Hui Yi Ong, Mansour Amini, Latha Ravindran","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Culture is a way of life and embodiment of civilizations that is expressed through a language. The transfer of culture is a significant aspect of audio-visual translation as translators deal with more than just the written texts on surface level. Translating culture-specific items on paper cutting is an intercultural communication. However, translating cultural items in subtitling could cause challenges and problems for translators during the translation process. In this qualitative study, the translation strategies and challenges were explored in the subtitling of a Chinese cultural documentary on the art of papercutting titled The Life of Paper-cutting (剪紙人生; Jiǎn zhǐ rén shēng) retrieved from YouTube. The original video was subtitled to identify the challenges in subtitling. The strategies and challenges were first identified and then the process was described. It was found that the most appropriate translation strategies were omission, direct transfer, equivalence, and adaptation. The analysis revealed that the challenges were mainly technical, cultural, and linguistic. The findings can be used as a guide to utilise the translation strategies effectively in subtitling translations of similar audio-visual products to tackle the challenges faced in the Chinese to English translation of culture-specific items.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78300681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demotivation in learning English has always been challenging for teachers, parents and researchers and they sought ways to discover its roots and solve it. One important source of solutions to learners’ demotivation is their own perceptions. However, such a rich resource of information on demotivation has received little attention. Therefore, inspired by such a gap, the present study investigated Iranian high school EFL students’ perceptions of demotivation in learning English. Following quantitative survey research, a questionnaire was designed both inspired by demotivation questionnaires of Sakai and Kikuchi (2009) and Falout and Maruyama (2004) and teachers’ focus group on attitudes. It was created based on the Likert Scale and composed of three phases including 54 statements about teachers, textbooks and classroom conditions. The questionnaire was sent to 300 volunteer high school students selected from a random list of public and private high schools across the country. After completion, the questionnaire data were controlled and entered into SPSS. Then, descriptive statistics were computed and Pearson correlation and Runs Test were carried out. However, analysis of the learners’ perceptions revealed that students attributed their demotivation to teachers, classroom conditions, and textbooks respectively. It was found that in Iran, teachers were deemed not qualified enough to motivate students. Apart from that, the classroom conditions and English textbooks were in poor conditions and did not manage to attract and motivate learners.
英语学习中的动机缺失一直是困扰教师、家长和研究者的难题，他们一直在寻找其根源和解决方法。解决学习者动机丧失的一个重要来源是他们自己的看法。然而，如此丰富的关于丧失积极性的信息资源却很少受到重视。因此，受这种差距的启发，本研究调查了伊朗高中英语学生对英语学习动机丧失的看法。在定量调查研究的基础上，受Sakai and Kikuchi(2009)和Falout and Maruyama(2004)的动机失动力问卷和教师态度焦点小组的启发，设计了问卷。该量表以李克特量表为基础，由三个阶段组成，包括54个关于教师、教科书和教室条件的陈述。调查问卷是随机从全国公立和私立高中中选出的300名志愿高中生发放的。完成后，对问卷数据进行控制，并录入SPSS。然后进行描述性统计，并进行Pearson相关和run检验。然而，对学习者感知的分析显示，学生将他们的动机下降分别归因于教师、课堂条件和教科书。调查发现，在伊朗，教师被认为没有足够的资格来激励学生。除此之外，教室条件和英语教材条件都很差，无法吸引和激励学习者。
{"title":"Iranian EFL Learners’ Perceptions towards Demotivation in Learning English","authors":"Abbas Paziresh, Nilofar Hessamodini, Zohre Jafari","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol32no1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Demotivation in learning English has always been challenging for teachers, parents and researchers and they sought ways to discover its roots and solve it. One important source of solutions to learners’ demotivation is their own perceptions. However, such a rich resource of information on demotivation has received little attention. Therefore, inspired by such a gap, the present study investigated Iranian high school EFL students’ perceptions of demotivation in learning English. Following quantitative survey research, a questionnaire was designed both inspired by demotivation questionnaires of Sakai and Kikuchi (2009) and Falout and Maruyama (2004) and teachers’ focus group on attitudes. It was created based on the Likert Scale and composed of three phases including 54 statements about teachers, textbooks and classroom conditions. The questionnaire was sent to 300 volunteer high school students selected from a random list of public and private high schools across the country. After completion, the questionnaire data were controlled and entered into SPSS. Then, descriptive statistics were computed and Pearson correlation and Runs Test were carried out. However, analysis of the learners’ perceptions revealed that students attributed their demotivation to teachers, classroom conditions, and textbooks respectively. It was found that in Iran, teachers were deemed not qualified enough to motivate students. Apart from that, the classroom conditions and English textbooks were in poor conditions and did not manage to attract and motivate learners.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72919634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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