Pub Date : 2020-03-24DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2020.1739425
P. Bowe
Garden and designed landscape making in the first millennium CE encompassed that of many cultures. 1 In Europe, it included, at the beginning of the millennium, the garden making of Imperial Rome, ...
公元前一千年的园林和景观设计涵盖了多种文化。1在欧洲，在千年之初，它包括了罗马帝国的花园制作。。。
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Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2019.1706893
Barbara Boifava
The concept of ‘fourth nature’, intended as the nature of the city, will be developed through an examination of the urban forest projects of two important experiences in modern landscape design: Roberto Burle Marx’s Aterro do Flamengo in Rio de Janeiro, and the Seattle Freeway Park by Lawrence Halprin & Associates. These works suggest an entirely new project for public space — intended as the transposition of an original landscape and a native ecology, such as the Floresta da Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro, and the original ‘old growth’ forest of Seattle. The definition of ‘fourth nature’ is added to the three different categories of nature as described in the literature of landscape studies: a ‘first nature’, seen as wild, luxuriant and uncontaminated, is connected to a ‘second nature’ identified by Cicero as the cultural landscape that is productive and shaped by human activity (agriculture, urban development, roads etc.). To these two definitions the garden can be appended as a ‘third nature’, shaped for aesthetic purposes and designed as a combination of nature and culture. The urban question is thus enhanced with a new poetic that, following the idea of ‘fourth nature’, promotes a harmonious growth of the city wherein its natural dimension bestows a new and more effective meaning in the form of open public space. This is evidently not the same idea of ‘fourth nature’ as described by John Dixon Hunt, regarding the symbolic and ideal spaces in landscape design generated by literature on gardens, and his considering it as the ‘verbal, conceptual existence beyond its practical aspects’. Connected to the definition of ‘fourth nature’, there is also the ‘four natures approach’ that is applied to urban reality by Ingo Kowarik as a conceptual framework in which to structure and communicate a variety of green spaces within urban borders. In this case the ‘fourth nature’ identified by the German landscape ecologist includes the spontaneous plant-life that develops in brownfield sites in abandoned areas of the postindustrial cites, which is different from an image of nature incorporated in the city and from the city that I intend to present with this article. What distinguishes this new poetics of nature is its basis in a recognized ecological paradigm, and its capacity to shed light on a new functional aesthetic that can be applied in the urban landscape. My research centers on a renewed relationship between the city and nature starting with the evaluation of the effective natural scale of an urban project, as a specific model in the development of the contemporary city based on an awareness of Ecology’s role in the processes of urban planning. The urban scene becomes a field of experimentation of strongly innovative approaches that are capable of evoking natural processes, while validating formal and ideological reflections of a profound ecological significance. In particular, the Parque do Flamengo in Rio de Janeiro at the beginning of the 1960s and the F
“第四自然”的概念，作为城市的自然，将通过对现代景观设计中两个重要经验的城市森林项目的研究来发展:Roberto Burle Marx在里约热内卢de Janeiro的Aterro do Flamengo和Lawrence Halprin & Associates的西雅图高速公路公园。这些作品提出了一个全新的公共空间项目，旨在作为原始景观和原生生态的转换，例如里约热内卢的弗洛雷斯塔·达·蒂茹卡，以及西雅图原始的“老生长”森林。“第四自然”的定义被添加到景观研究文献中描述的三种不同类别的自然中:“第一自然”，被视为野生的，繁茂的和未受污染的，与西塞罗所确定的“第二自然”相关联，即由人类活动(农业，城市发展，道路等)塑造的生产性文化景观。根据这两种定义，花园可以被附加为“第三自然”，以审美为目的，并被设计为自然与文化的结合。因此，城市问题被一种新的诗意所强化，遵循“第四自然”的理念，促进城市的和谐发展，其中自然维度以开放公共空间的形式赋予了新的更有效的意义。这显然与约翰·迪克森·亨特所描述的“第四自然”不同，约翰·迪克森·亨特认为园林文学产生的景观设计中的象征性和理想空间，他认为它是“超越实际方面的口头、概念存在”。与“第四自然”的定义相关，Ingo Kowarik将“四种自然方法”应用于城市现实，作为一个概念框架，在城市边界内构建和交流各种绿色空间。在这种情况下，德国景观生态学家确定的“第四自然”包括在后工业城市废弃地区的棕地中自然生长的植物生命，这与融入城市的自然形象以及我打算在本文中呈现的城市形象不同。这种新的自然诗学的区别在于它建立在公认的生态范式的基础上，它能够揭示一种新的功能美学，这种美学可以应用于城市景观。我的研究重点是城市与自然之间的新关系，从评估城市项目的有效自然规模开始，作为当代城市发展的特定模式，基于对生态学在城市规划过程中的作用的认识。城市景观成为一个强有力的创新方法的实验领域，这些方法能够唤起自然过程，同时验证具有深刻生态意义的形式和意识形态反映。特别是，20世纪60年代初在里约热内卢的弗拉门戈公园和十年后在西雅图的高速公路公园，都引入了前所未有的地方类别，这些地方因其形成的原创性，对自然影响的特殊放大，以及它们在景观项目文化中的价值而成为特殊相关的剧集。
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Pub Date : 2020-01-21DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2020.1713642
Valerio Morabito
This article concerns a garden in Sicily that I designed. This private garden is called ‘Terreforti Garden,’ and uses a typical Sicilian drywall technique, organized by drywalls that create a serie...
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2019.1639933
Graham M. Smith
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2019.1671055
T. Alon-Mozes, Shirili Gilad-Ilsar
Engulfing the Yarkon stream in the northern part of Tel Aviv, the 375-hectares Yarkon Park is the largest public park in Israel and considered as a symbol and a prototype of the modern Israeli park (see Figure 1). Its size is a little larger than Central Park in NewYork and double the size of London’s Hyde Park.The first proposal to establish a green open space on the agricultural lands on the outskirts of town appeared in 1925, when Patrick Geddes, the renowned Scottish planner, prepared the first master plan for Tel Aviv. However, the actual planning of the park and its implementation started only during the 1960s. The expansive pastoral park on both banks of the Yarkon Stream exemplifies two processes of the 1960s that are simultaneously separate and connected. The first is the change of Tel Aviv’s status from ‘The First Hebrew Town’ to Israel’s economic and cultural centre. The second is the adoption of the pastoral park as the prototype of Israel’s large urban parks. Whereas the planning of pre-statehood gardens and parks was part of the national project of creating a Hebrew culture among pre-statehood Zionist settlers in Palestine (1880–1948), the 1960s was when the debate between the local garden culture vs. the Western garden culture was decided in favour of the Western style of garden design and especially the 19 century pastoral park as a symbol of Israeli landscape modernism. This article explores the planning process of Yarkon Park in light of the modern landscape architecture movement in the West and as a modern local icon. It analyses primary sources from private and municipal archives and the documentation of the park in the local general and professional press. The discussion emphasises the role of pastoralism in the making of the Israeli parks.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2019.1626563
A. Beamish
Philadelphia’s eighteenth-century rural pleasure gardens––Gray’s Gardens, Harrowgate, Wigwam Baths, and Bush Hill––were tentative first steps that demonstrated a demand for evening entertainment, b...
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2019.1600833
C. Urmy
{"title":"Watching grass grow: a history","authors":"C. Urmy","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2019.1600833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2019.1600833","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14601176.2019.1600833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2019.1638164
J. Crompton
Using proximate real estate to fund England’s nineteenth century pioneering urban parks: viable vehicle or mendacious myth? John L. CromptonJOHN L. CROMPTON To cite this article: John L. CromptonJOHN L. CROMPTON (2020) Using proximate real estate to fund England’s nineteenth century pioneering urban parks: viable vehicle or mendacious myth?, Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, 40:1, 43-64, DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2019.1638164 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2019.1638164
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Pub Date : 2019-05-22DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2018.1429374
R. Hecht
{"title":"Visions of an unrealized park: Chile’s Cerro San Cristóbal, 1915–1927","authors":"R. Hecht","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2018.1429374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2018.1429374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14601176.2018.1429374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41394134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-22DOI: 10.1080/14601176.2018.1543040
Marta Viveros Letelier
{"title":"Oscar Prager (1876–1960): a career across the Americas","authors":"Marta Viveros Letelier","doi":"10.1080/14601176.2018.1543040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2018.1543040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53992,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14601176.2018.1543040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41697488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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