Summary Popularity as a Principle. The Reinvention of the English Monarchy under the Reign of Charles I and Charles II When Charles I was led on the scaffold on the 30th of January 1649, monarchy on the British Isles had been both abolished and reinvented. Long before his execution, the king had changed his public appearance; once an elitist and distant prince, he was beginning to personate a common paterfamilias, as godly as sinful, as virtuous as imperfect. Such strategies of courting the men and women in the street were meant to counter republican claims, advanced especially since the Root and Branch Petition. After the English Civil War, the Stuarts went on exploiting the very ever-growing deficit in legitimation the Putney debates and the Levellers’ petitions had revealed: The Commonwealth seemed to betray its original principle of popular sovereignty. Charles II knew to render his restoration in 1660 much of a revolution by indulging in his popularity. Amidst his weaknesses, he placed himself very n...
{"title":"Popularität als Prinzip. Die Neuerfindung der englischen Monarchie unter Karl I. und Karl II.","authors":"G. Eckert","doi":"10.3790/zhf.42.4.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/zhf.42.4.591","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Popularity as a Principle. The Reinvention of the English Monarchy under the Reign of Charles I and Charles II When Charles I was led on the scaffold on the 30th of January 1649, monarchy on the British Isles had been both abolished and reinvented. Long before his execution, the king had changed his public appearance; once an elitist and distant prince, he was beginning to personate a common paterfamilias, as godly as sinful, as virtuous as imperfect. Such strategies of courting the men and women in the street were meant to counter republican claims, advanced especially since the Root and Branch Petition. After the English Civil War, the Stuarts went on exploiting the very ever-growing deficit in legitimation the Putney debates and the Levellers’ petitions had revealed: The Commonwealth seemed to betray its original principle of popular sovereignty. Charles II knew to render his restoration in 1660 much of a revolution by indulging in his popularity. Amidst his weaknesses, he placed himself very n...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"7 1","pages":"591-627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86983581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Die Strenge des Wechselrechts. Wie Menschen das Handelsrecht veranderten und das Handelsrecht sie veranderte (Hessen-Kassel, 1654–1776) Im 18. Jahrhundert ubernahm die Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel Teile des Wechselrechts (ius cambiale), die insbesondere die Verwendung von Wechselbriefen betrafen. Der Geheime Rat und das Oberappellationsgericht ubernahmen und veranderten allgemeine Regeln, die bestimmten, wer Wechsel verwenden durfte und welche Rechte und Pflichten mit dem Gebrauch und der Ubertragung von Wechseln verbunden waren. Die vorgestellten Fallstudien zeigen, dass die Regierung die Normen liberalisierte, nach denen Juden und Christen, Burger und Bauern Wechselbriefe benutzen durften. Daruber hinaus wird deutlich, dass die Rechte derjenigen Parteien gestarkt wurden, die ursprunglich an der Ausstellung des Wechsels oder Schuldscheins beteiligt gewesen waren, was zum Teil auf Kosten der Rechte Dritter ging. Dadurch, dass die Finanzinstrumente verbindlicher und verlasslicher wurden und...
{"title":"“The Rigor of the Law of Exchange”. How People Changed Commercial Law and Commercial Law Changed People (Hesse-Cassel, 1654–1776)","authors":"Colin F. Wilder","doi":"10.3790/zhf.42.4.629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/zhf.42.4.629","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Die Strenge des Wechselrechts. Wie Menschen das Handelsrecht veranderten und das Handelsrecht sie veranderte (Hessen-Kassel, 1654–1776) Im 18. Jahrhundert ubernahm die Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel Teile des Wechselrechts (ius cambiale), die insbesondere die Verwendung von Wechselbriefen betrafen. Der Geheime Rat und das Oberappellationsgericht ubernahmen und veranderten allgemeine Regeln, die bestimmten, wer Wechsel verwenden durfte und welche Rechte und Pflichten mit dem Gebrauch und der Ubertragung von Wechseln verbunden waren. Die vorgestellten Fallstudien zeigen, dass die Regierung die Normen liberalisierte, nach denen Juden und Christen, Burger und Bauern Wechselbriefe benutzen durften. Daruber hinaus wird deutlich, dass die Rechte derjenigen Parteien gestarkt wurden, die ursprunglich an der Ausstellung des Wechsels oder Schuldscheins beteiligt gewesen waren, was zum Teil auf Kosten der Rechte Dritter ging. Dadurch, dass die Finanzinstrumente verbindlicher und verlasslicher wurden und...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"15 1","pages":"629-659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72676048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The Military Reforms of the Comte de Saint-Germain, or the Bone of Contention between Foreign Role Models and National Stereotypes The battle of Rosbach on the 5th November 1757 signified a painful experience for the French army and had been perceived by the French public as a traumatising central scene of the war. Both the military and the civilian population suffered from this traumatic experience. The French army’s considerable weaknesses, which became apparent during the war, prompted the French military leaders to eagerly search for the „culprits“ of the defeat while at the same time preparing plans for reform to improve their army. A large number of them had become acquainted with the Prussian king’s tactics before and during the war. Therefore numerous French military experts regarded the victorious Prussian army as a source of inspiration for innovations within their own troops. From this comparison with the Prussian army originated the myth of Friedrich II as general. The military experts...
{"title":"Die Militärreformen des Comte von Saint-Germain, oder der Zankapfel zwischen ausländischen Vorbildern und nationalen Stereotypen","authors":"Isabelle Deflers","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.42.3.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.42.3.411","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Military Reforms of the Comte de Saint-Germain, or the Bone of Contention between Foreign Role Models and National Stereotypes The battle of Rosbach on the 5th November 1757 signified a painful experience for the French army and had been perceived by the French public as a traumatising central scene of the war. Both the military and the civilian population suffered from this traumatic experience. The French army’s considerable weaknesses, which became apparent during the war, prompted the French military leaders to eagerly search for the „culprits“ of the defeat while at the same time preparing plans for reform to improve their army. A large number of them had become acquainted with the Prussian king’s tactics before and during the war. Therefore numerous French military experts regarded the victorious Prussian army as a source of inspiration for innovations within their own troops. From this comparison with the Prussian army originated the myth of Friedrich II as general. The military experts...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"16 1","pages":"411-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79004162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Things That Matter. Material Culture in the Study of Early Modern History The paper investigates the significance of things and material culture in the study of early modern history. The first part reconstructs the history of a model of a winch and shows that the object’s meaning stemmed from its materialisation of memories and emotions for its owner, from the representation of technological change, and from the way it functioned for emerging new knowledge of mechanics in the early seventeenth century. Histories of objects, as this section shows, cross-connect diverse research fields and produce narratives that reveal multi-layered realities. The middle part of the paper discusses the theoretical catalysts for the history of material culture, explores the existing fields of research, and inquires about the value of things as historical sources and the related methodological consequences. The last part argues that both the change of material culture and the way early modern men and women used, exch...
{"title":"Things that matter. Zur Geschichte der materiellen Kultur in der Frühneuzeitforschung","authors":"Kim Siebenhüner","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.42.3.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.42.3.373","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Things That Matter. Material Culture in the Study of Early Modern History The paper investigates the significance of things and material culture in the study of early modern history. The first part reconstructs the history of a model of a winch and shows that the object’s meaning stemmed from its materialisation of memories and emotions for its owner, from the representation of technological change, and from the way it functioned for emerging new knowledge of mechanics in the early seventeenth century. Histories of objects, as this section shows, cross-connect diverse research fields and produce narratives that reveal multi-layered realities. The middle part of the paper discusses the theoretical catalysts for the history of material culture, explores the existing fields of research, and inquires about the value of things as historical sources and the related methodological consequences. The last part argues that both the change of material culture and the way early modern men and women used, exch...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"2 1","pages":"373-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82353432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Die Materialität der Frühen Neuzeit. Neuere Forschungen zur Geschichte der materiellen Kultur","authors":"M. Füssel","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.42.3.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.42.3.433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"44 1","pages":"433-463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85230240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Baroque Uncertainty Principle. Voyages to the Moon in the 17th Century The moon has always fascinated humankind. In the light of the „new astronomy“ of the 17th century there began a fairly broad discussion in Europe about the relations of the earth and the moon. Now that the lunar companion could be observed with improved telescopes, new representations of the moon became possible. And the possibility of travelling to the moon did not seem to be completely unrealistic anymore. Johannes Kepler, Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac, Francis Godwin, John Wilkins and David Russen (among others) wrote tracts in which they not only fantasized about how to make their way to the moon but in which they also seriously discussed the technical and physical options of going there. Connecting fact and fiction – or the actual and the potential – became constitutive of the moon-tracts of the 17th century. Both the scientific and the fictional supported each other to bring forth a baroque uncertainty principle: Because th...
巴洛克测不准原理。17世纪的月球之旅月球一直让人类着迷。在17世纪“新天文学”的影响下，欧洲开始了一场关于地球和月球关系的相当广泛的讨论。现在可以用改进的望远镜观察到月球伴星，月球的新表现成为可能。到月球旅行的可能性似乎不再是完全不现实的了。Johannes Kepler, Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac, Francis Godwin, John Wilkins和David Russen(以及其他一些人)写了很多小册子，他们不仅幻想着如何去月球，而且还认真地讨论了去那里的技术和物理选择。将事实与虚构联系起来，或将现实与潜在联系起来，成为17世纪月球地带的组成部分。科学和虚构相互支持，提出了巴洛克式的不确定性原理:因为……
{"title":"Barocke Unschärferelation. Reisen zum Mond im 17. Jahrhundert","authors":"A. Landwehr","doi":"10.3790/zhf.42.2.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/zhf.42.2.225","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Baroque Uncertainty Principle. Voyages to the Moon in the 17th Century The moon has always fascinated humankind. In the light of the „new astronomy“ of the 17th century there began a fairly broad discussion in Europe about the relations of the earth and the moon. Now that the lunar companion could be observed with improved telescopes, new representations of the moon became possible. And the possibility of travelling to the moon did not seem to be completely unrealistic anymore. Johannes Kepler, Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac, Francis Godwin, John Wilkins and David Russen (among others) wrote tracts in which they not only fantasized about how to make their way to the moon but in which they also seriously discussed the technical and physical options of going there. Connecting fact and fiction – or the actual and the potential – became constitutive of the moon-tracts of the 17th century. Both the scientific and the fictional supported each other to bring forth a baroque uncertainty principle: Because th...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"21 1","pages":"225-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86294667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Heraldic Orgies and Social Advancement. Or: Where Actually Is „Top“ in the Late-Medieval City One of the key concepts of Max Weber’s „The City“ was that in northwestern Europe landed nobility and urban patricians were clearly distinguished; for Weber, this was indeed the main reason to locate the occidental city in the north rather than in the Mediterranean. It has often been tought that tournament books and armorials produced this very difference – to display inherited status (in the case of ancient families) or to claim status (in the case of social climbers). The article looks at one of the largest, most sumptuous and, at the same time, most widely spread armorials of medieval Europe, that of Konrad Grunenberg (d. 1494). He himself has often been quoted as a paradigmatic social climber, as he left his guild to join the society of the local nobility „Zur Katz“ and issued a sumptuous armorial. Yet this armorial, while containing over 2000 coat-of-arms mainly from the southwest of the Empire, does...
{"title":"Heraldische Orgien und sozialer Aufstieg. Oder: Wo ist eigentlich „oben“ in der spätmittelalterlichen Stadt?","authors":"Christof Rolker","doi":"10.3790/zhf.42.2.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/zhf.42.2.191","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Heraldic Orgies and Social Advancement. Or: Where Actually Is „Top“ in the Late-Medieval City One of the key concepts of Max Weber’s „The City“ was that in northwestern Europe landed nobility and urban patricians were clearly distinguished; for Weber, this was indeed the main reason to locate the occidental city in the north rather than in the Mediterranean. It has often been tought that tournament books and armorials produced this very difference – to display inherited status (in the case of ancient families) or to claim status (in the case of social climbers). The article looks at one of the largest, most sumptuous and, at the same time, most widely spread armorials of medieval Europe, that of Konrad Grunenberg (d. 1494). He himself has often been quoted as a paradigmatic social climber, as he left his guild to join the society of the local nobility „Zur Katz“ and issued a sumptuous armorial. Yet this armorial, while containing over 2000 coat-of-arms mainly from the southwest of the Empire, does...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"2013 1","pages":"191-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87895360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Westeuropa und das Osmanische Reich in der Frühen Neuzeit. Ansätze und Perspektiven aktueller Forschungen","authors":"Florian Kühnel","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.42.2.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.42.2.251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"342 1","pages":"251-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76911919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Symbolic Communication about Fortresses. Machiavelli and the Treatises on Fortification in the 16th Century Scholarship on Machiavelli (old and new) has emphasized that the Florentine’s military theory was outdated and neglected important recent technological developments. The article questions this point of view by analyzing Machiavelli’s treatment of the topic of fortification. In his major political works Machiavelli claims that fortresses are useless from a military perspective and that they have detrimental effects on the political sphere. A close reading of the chapters concerning fortification in „Il Principe“ and the „Discorsi“ as well as of the reactions to Machiavelli’s assumptions by early modern authors of treatises on fortification reveals the Florentine’s intention to make a political, rather than a military statement in his discussion of fortresses. Using hyperbolic rhetoric and referring to the republican topos of the building of fortresses as an identification mark of tyrannical g...
{"title":"Symbolische Kommunikation über Festungen. Machiavelli und der Fortifikationsdiskurs im 16. Jahrhundert","authors":"Stefano Saracino","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.42.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.42.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Symbolic Communication about Fortresses. Machiavelli and the Treatises on Fortification in the 16th Century Scholarship on Machiavelli (old and new) has emphasized that the Florentine’s military theory was outdated and neglected important recent technological developments. The article questions this point of view by analyzing Machiavelli’s treatment of the topic of fortification. In his major political works Machiavelli claims that fortresses are useless from a military perspective and that they have detrimental effects on the political sphere. A close reading of the chapters concerning fortification in „Il Principe“ and the „Discorsi“ as well as of the reactions to Machiavelli’s assumptions by early modern authors of treatises on fortification reveals the Florentine’s intention to make a political, rather than a military statement in his discussion of fortresses. Using hyperbolic rhetoric and referring to the republican topos of the building of fortresses as an identification mark of tyrannical g...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89031381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：